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Phenolic Compounds from the Leaves and Twigs of Heynea trijuga
Abstract
Seven phenolic compounds: 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (2), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3), protocatechulic acid (4), caffeic acid methyl ester (5), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) and kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) were isolated for the first time from the leaves and twigs of Heynea trijuga. Structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data.
... Crude bark powder is fed to domestic animal (swine) in order to control the population size of livestock. Identification, isolation and characterization of compounds from Heynea trijuga were done and it reveals the presence of various compounds like limonoids, steroids and lignans (Wang et al, 2013;Zhang et al., 2011;Wang et al, 2008;Zhang et al., 2011;Ji et al., 2015) and various other phenolic compounds (Devkota et al., 2014). ...
... Trans-cinnamic acid was purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). Chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid were isolated in previous studies from Heynea trijuga [48] and Ligusticopsis wallichiana [49], respectively. Thioflavin T was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. (Osaka, Japan), PROTEOSTAT ® Protein aggregation assay was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences, Inc. (New York, NY, USA) and the Cytotoxicity Detection Kit Plus (LDH) was purchased from Roche Diagnostic GmbH (Mannheim, Germany). ...
Transthyretin-related amyloidosis is a slowly progressive disorder caused by deposition of insoluble amyloid plaques formed by fibrillization of mutant or defective transthyretin (TTR) monomers that leads to neurodegeneration and organ failure. Thus, any compound exhibiting TTR amyloid formation inhibitory activity or TTR amyloid fibril disrupting activity might be a potential candidate for the development of therapies for these disorders. Our aim in this study was the evaluation of the TTR amyloid fibril disrupting potential of extracts of leaves and immature fruits of two Juglans plants, i.e., Juglans mandshurica var. sachalinensis and Juglans mandshurica var. cordiformis. The TTR amyloid fibril disrupting activity was measured by Thioflavin-T (ThT) assay and PROTEOSTAT® Protein aggregation assay methods. A fifty percent acetone extract of the fruits of Juglans mandshurica var. cordiformis showed strong amyloid fibril disrupting activity, and was further fractionated using different solvents. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed significant activity in both assays. Syringic acid was isolated and identified as main compound in both of these fractions; however, it did not show any activity. Furthermore, some of the previously reported compounds from Juglans plants including naphthoquinone derivatives and phenolic compounds were evaluated to identify the potential bioactive compounds. Among them, juglone, a naphthoquinone derivative showed promising activity. However, juglone also showed strong cytotoxicity in HEK293 cells. Thus, future studies should focus on the isolation and identification of naphthoquinone derivatives or other compounds from Juglans plan ts with potent bioactivity and low cytotoxicity.
Medicinal plants have played an important role in human healthcare as the essential ingredients of traditional medicines for thousands of years. Botanical gardens worldwide play a crucial role in the conservation, cultivation and utilization of plant species, and research activities related to ecology, taxonomy, systematics, biotechnology, etc. Medicinal plant gardens have played a significant role in education and research of plant species used for medicinal purposes. Botanical gardens and medicinal plant gardens are also actively involved in organizing of educational programs/events to students and the general public. This article will provide an overview of the educational and research activities of Medicinal Plant Garden at the School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, Japan.
Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz.(Anacardiaceae) is widely used as food and for medicinal properties. This study aims to disclose the free radical scavenging potential, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and phytochemical constituents of 70% methanol extract of unripe fruits of S. pinnata collected from Kaski district, Nepal. The free radical scavenging activity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay method. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were estimated by using Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent and aluminium chloride methods, respectively. S. pinnata fruits extract showed potent free radical scavenging activity with IC50 value 2.75±0.23 μg/ml. TPC and TFC values were found to be 229.24±0.46 mg GAE/g and 192.58±3.81 mg QE/g, respectively. Detailed chemical isolation of the extract afforded caffeic acid methyl ester (1) and rhamnetin 3-O-sophoroside (2). In conclusion, S. pinnata fruits were found to be rich source of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and possessed strong free radical scavenging property. However, further study is needed to explore its potential health benefits and bioassay guided chemical analysis should be performed to isolate and identify the bioactive compounds.
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