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Proxy-based Caching Optimization for Mobile Ad Hoc Streaming Services
Abstract
This paper proposes a proxy-based caching optimization scheme for improving the streaming media services in wireless mobile ad hoc networks. The proposed scheme utilizes the proxy for data packet transmission between media server and nodes in WLANs, and the proxy locates near the wireless access pointer. For caching optimization, this paper proposes NFCO (non-full cache optimization) and CFO (cache full optimization) scheme. When performs the streaming in the proxy, the NFCO and CFO is to optimize the caching performance. This paper compared the performance for optimization between the proposed scheme and the server-based scheme and rate-distortion scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme has better performance than the existing server-only scheme and rate distortion scheme.
The massive traffic interferences in the wireless home IoT provides the reason for packet losses, and it degrades the QoS (Quality of Service) and throughput on the home network. This paper propose a new adaptive traffic interference control system, ATICS, for enhancing QoS and throughput for IoT services as detecting a traffic process and non-traffic process in the wireless home network. The proposed system control the traffic interferences as distinguishing the short-term traffic process and long-term traffic process by traffic characteristics in wireless home networks. The simulation results shows that the proposed scheme have more efficient traffic control performance than the other schemes.
The node mobility in the wireless mobile network environment increases the energy consumption. This paper proposes a CNMA (cluster-based node management algorithm) to reduce the energy consumption caused by node mobility, and to prolong the life cycle for cluster member nodes. The proposed CNMA traces the mobility for nodes between cluster header and member, and it analyses the energy capacity as monitoring periodically their relationship. So, it makes a division and merges by analysing the state transition for nodes. This paper is to reduce the energy consumption due to the node mobility. The simulation results show that the proposed CNMA can efficiently control the energy consumption caused by mobility, and it can improve the energy cycle.
QoS in wireless multimedia sensor networks is an important issue to enhance streaming media service. This paper proposes a new 2-layer based QoS evaluation scheme for enhancing the streaming media QoS of wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed scheme performs the fuzzy relevance to control the streaming between application layer and network layer, and it performs 2-layer mapping process to enhance the transmission reliability and throughput. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves improved performance in packet control ratio, transmission reliability, and delay overhead ratio compared with those of other existing schemes.
This paper proposes a new cluster-based routing protocol for assuring the service lifetime of wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed protocol performs the intra-cluster routing and inter-cluster routing to reduce the energy consumption and service lifetime in the wireless sensor multimedia computing environment, and the proposed mechanism enhances the routing reliability, and it minimizes the packet loss, overhead, and energy consumption. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism outperforms DSR and AODV.
Video streaming over wireless networks is challenging due to node mobility and high channel error rate. In this paper, we propose a multi-source video streaming (MUVIS) system to sup-port high quality video streaming service over IEEE 802.11-based wireless networks. We begin by collocating a streaming proxy with the wireless access point to help leverage both the media server and peers in the WLAN. By tracking the peer mobility patterns and performing content discovery among peers, we construct a multi-source sender group and stream video using a rate-distortion op-timized scheme. We formulate such a multi-source streaming sce-nario as a combinatorial packet scheduling problem and introduce the concept of asynchronous clocks to decouple the problem into three steps. First, we decide the membership of the multi-source sender group based on the mobility pattern tracking, available video content in each peer and the bandwidth each peer allocates to the multi-source streaming service. Then we select one sender from the sender group in each optimization instance using asynchronous clocks. Finally, we apply the point-to-point rate-distortion opti-mization framework between the selected sender-receiver pair. In addition, we implement two different caching strategies, simple caching simple fetching (SCSF) and distortion minimized smart caching (DMSC), in the proxy to investigate the effect of caching on the streaming performance. To design more realistic simula-tion models, we use the empirical results from corporate wireless networks to generate node mobility. Simulation results show that our proposed multi-source streaming scheme has better perfor-mance than the traditional server-only streaming scheme and that proxy-based caching can potentially improve video streaming per-formance.
Mobile devices are increasingly popular and many of them are capable of handling multimedia content. Users enjoy the ability to access their collection of media objects anywhere. Wireless connectivity is often integrated into these handhelds, therefore providing the opportunity to stream multimedia content among mobile and ad hoc peers. An important consideration is to transfer a multimedia object in its entirety. This is often challenging since the transmission time for such an object can be considerable due to an unfavorable combination of a large object size and limited available bandwidth. We previously introduced a novel strategy to improve the probability of success to stream a video sequence based on studying the minimum buffer size. This strategy takes advantage of layered video encoding schemes such as scalable video coding (SVC) or multiple description coding (MDC). The technique adaptively selects the number of layers to be streamed to deliver more frames before the wireless link disconnects while keeping the video quality high. In our current study, we simplify this strategy by using the streaming probability alone to dynamically adjust the number of layers to be delivered. Our proposed technique improves the prediction accuracy by incorporating the 802.11 Auto-Rate Fallback (ARF) scheme along with two popular mobility models: the random waypoint and the random walk mobility models. While ARF-which steps down the sending rate when consecutive transmission errors occur-is implemented in all hardware that follows the popular IEEE 802.11 standard, it is not commonly modeled in existing work. In addition, our approach can retransmit missing layers if peers reconnect after a link break, hence improving the rendering quality. We have performed extensive simulations to validate our technique and the results show an improvement in streaming probability as well as the number of layers that are transmitted.
With the advent of the wireless Internet, the client space has become heterogeneous in terms of device capabilities. To cater to the needs of these devices in e-commerce applications, smart intermediaries have been developed to increase the user satisfaction by hiding the inherent weakness of some of the small although handy devices like the PDAs and Web-tops. Transcoding has been a popular technique to render data for small devices that have smaller displays, and lesser colour capabilities, but transcoding comes at the cost of caching at the intermediary. We describe a transcoding and caching proxy that caches objects for heterogeneous client spaces by maintaining separate caches for different categories of clients (PC, PDAs, mobiles, etc.) and transcoding the lower fidelity, versions from the high fidelity variants at the proxies as opposed to fetching the transcoded variants from the server. To achieve this, the proxy keeps the server-directed transcoding information (if provided by the host server) as part of meta data attached to the cached objects and uses this information to convert its fidelity, and modes or uses heuristics. Through such an intermediary architecture that serves a heterogeneous client base, we exploit the availability of cached high-fidelity variants of Web resources (brought in to serve the requirements of high-end devices like PC's) to serve low end devices, and thereby, decrease latency and bandwidth
In P2P distribution mobile networks, QoS of streaming media services are under heavy influence from overheads such as congestion, latency, and interference. The problem is further complicated by the fact that the popularity of media objects changes over time. This paper proposes a new FSMS+ (Fuzzy Similarity-based Multi-level Streaming Scheme) which minimizes performance degradation of streaming services due to overhead. We then utilize fuzzy similarity-based relevance that can dynamically stream the streaming media object with minimum overhead. The simulation result showed that the proposed scheme has better performance in retransmission rate, congestion control rate and latency rate than the other existing methods of distance method, DC (disk caching) method, and prefix method.
Transcoding in the wireless mobile network is an important mechanism that reduces the delay time and improves the stream processing capacity. Wireless mobile streaming media services, however, have such problems as congestion, interference and delay due to narrow network bandwidth and limited resources. These problems degrade not only Quality of Service (QoS) but also responsiveness of the streaming media service. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a object version transcoding method. The proposed method analyzes the object versions to construct the transcoding graph. This paper utilizes a reference rate-based control function for an efficient streaming, and measures MVDS(Multiple Version Delay Saving) for an efficient delay savings. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism achieves improved performance in delay rate and cache hit rate compared with those of other existing methods.
This work derives a generalized video object profit function from the extended weighted transcoding graph to calculate the individual cache profit of certain versions of a video object, and the aggregate profit from caching multiple versions of the same video object. This proposed function takes into account the popularity of certain versions of an object, the transcoding delay among versions, and the average duration of access of each version. Based on the profit function, cache-replacement algorithms are proposed to reduce the startup delay and network traffic by efficiently caching video objects with the most profits. Two kinds of simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms. These simulations exploit partial viewing traces and complete viewing traces, separately. The results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms outperform the competing algorithms by 15%-39% in delay saving ratio and 5%-10% in byte-hit ratio
We address the problem of real-time video streaming over wireless
LANs for both unicast and multicast transmission. The wireless channel
is modeled as a packet-erasure channel at the IP level. For the unicast
scenario, we describe a novel hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ)
algorithm that efficiently combines forward error control (FEC) coding
with the ARQ protocol. For the multiple-users scenario, we formulate the
problem of real-time video multicast as an optimization of a maximum
regret cost function across the multicast user space. The proposed
solution efficiently combines progressive source coding with FEC coding.
We present a theoretical analysis of the unicast and multicast cases, as
well as experimental results that demonstrate the performance advantages
of the proposed algorithms over existing methods
With the explosive growth of video applications over the packet switched networks, many approaches have been proposed to stream video effectively over packet switched, best-effort networks. In our previous work, we proposed a framework with a receiver driven protocol to coordinate simultaneous video streaming from multiple senders to a single receiver in order to achieve higher throughput, and to increase tolerance to packet loss and delay due to network congestion. The receiver-driven protocol employs two algorithms: the rate allocation and packet partition. The rate allocation algorithm determines the sending rate for each sender, while the packet partition algorithm ensures no sender sends the same packets, and at the same time, minimizes the probability of late packets. In this paper, we extend the rate allocation scheme to be used with Forward Error Correction (FEC) in order to minimize the probability of packet loss in a bursty loss environment such as one due to network congestion. Using both simulations and actual Internet experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our rate allocation scheme in reducing packet loss, and hence, achieving higher visual quality for the streamed video.
Video Streaming over Wireless LANs: A Cross-Layer Approach
- Krishnamachari
- Van Der Schaar
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