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The effect of Astragalus membranaceus methanol extract on hyaluronic acid production in HaCaT cells

Authors:
  • Saimdang Cosmetics Co. Ltd

Abstract and Figures

Objectives: Hyaluronic acid, high molecular glycosaminoglycan, exists in extracellular matrix of tissue, especially, in skin and has been known to be deeply involved in skin hydration. In this study, we investigated the effect of methanol extract of Hwang-gi, Astragalus membranaceus root, on hyaluronic acid production in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Methods: We determined hyaluronic acid synthase 2 gene expression and hyaluronic acid production in HaCaT cells by using RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. Results: Hwang-gi extract didn't show the toxicity to HaCaT cells within the treated concentration and increased the hyaluronic acid synthase 2 gene expression and hyaluronic acid production. Conclusions: Hyaluronic acid production increased by Hwang-gi could be, partially, contribute to the moisturing effect in skin by it.
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75
한방안이비인후피부과학회지 제
26
권 제
1
(2013
2
)
The Journal of Korean Medic al Opht halmology &
Otolaryngology & Dermatology 2013;26( 1):75-81
pISSN 1738-6640 eISSN 2234-4020
http://www.ood.or.kr
http://dx.doi.org/10.6114/jkood.2013.26.1.075
Original Article / 원
황기 메탄올 추출물이 HaCaT 세포에서
Hyaluronic acid 생성에 미치는 영향
이평재
1)
·김희택
2)
·윤경섭
3)
·박현철
3)
·하헌용
1)
1) 세명대학교 자연약재과학과
2) 세명대학교 한의과대학 안이비인후피부과학교실
3) 사임당화장품 기술연구소
The effect of
Astragalus membranaceus
methanol extract
on hyaluronic acid production in HaCaT cells
Pyeong-Jae Lee
1)
·Hee-Taek Kim
2)
·Kyung-Sup Yoon
3)
·Hyun-Chul Park
3)
·Hun-Yong Ha
1)
1) Dept. of Natural Medicine Resources, Semyung University
2) Dept. of Oriental Medical Opthalmology &Otolaryngology &Dermatology, Semyung
University Oriental Medical Hospital
3) Saimdang Cosmetics Co. Ltd, R&D Center
Abstract
Objectives: Hyaluronic acid, high molecular glycosaminoglycan, exists in extracellular matrix of tissue, especially,
in skin and has been known to be deeply involved in skin hydration. In this study, we investigated the effect of
methanol extract of Hwang-gi,
Astragalus membranaceus
root, on hyaluronic acid production in human keratinocyte
HaCaT cells.
Methods: We determined hyaluronic acid synthase 2 gene expression and hyaluronic acid production in HaCaT
cells by using RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively.
Results: Hwang-gi extract didn't show the toxicity to HaCaT cells within the treated concentration and increased
the hyaluronic acid synthase 2 gene expression and hyaluronic acid production.
ⓒ 2013 the Society of Korean Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology
This is an Open Access journal distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License
(http://creativecommons.org/license/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
교신저자
:
하헌용
,
충북 제천시 세명로
65
세명대학교 자연약재과학과
(Tel : 043-649-1416, E-mail : hahunyong@hotmail.com)
접수
2013/1/8
수정
2013/1/31
채택
2013/2/7
한방안이비인후피부과학회지 제
26
권 제
1
(2013
2
)
76
Conclusions: Hyaluronic acid production increased by Hwang-gi could be, partially, contribute to the moisturing
effect in skin by it.
Key words :
Astragalus membranaceus;
Hyaluronic acid; Hyaluronic aid synthase; HaCaT
I. 서 론
피부에서 일정 수분을 유지한다 것은 물분자들이
증발한다는 점을 고려하면 수분을 잃지 않기 위한
벽을 구성한다는 의미가 포함된다고 생각한다
.
이러
한 장벽이 원활히 작동하기 위해 여러 종류의 지질
,
,
단백질 등이 관여하고 상호작용한다
.
이중
Hyaluronic acid (
이하
HA)
세포외 연결
조직에
존재하는 고분자의
glycosaminoglycan(Fig. 1)
으로서
수분 증발을 막는 장벽의 역할을 수행한다고
알려져
있고
1)
,
나이가 들어감에 따라
HA
의 함량
줄어든다
고 보고되었다
2)
.
외부의 환경적 요인 중 특히
자외선
장기 노출은 피부의 일정한
HA
유지에 부정적
향을 준다
3)
.
이러한 내재적 혹은 외재적 요인으로
HA
의 함량 감소는 피부의 탄력 감소
,
거친 피부
,
주름의 한 요인이 된다
.
따라서 피부에서
HA
함량
유지는 피부 보습은 물론 미용상 젊은 피부를
유지하
는데 있어 매우 중요하다 할 수 있다
. HA
지속적
Hyaluronic acid Synthase (HAS)
에 의한
합성과
Hyaluronidase (HYAL)
에 의한 분해에 의해
함량이
조절된다
4)
.
피부에서
HA
의 함량을 유지 혹은
증대
시키는 방법 중에 하나는
HA
의 합성을
증가시킴과
동시에
HA
의 분해를 억제하는 것이라 생각한다
.
라서
HAS
유전자 발현의 증가와
HYAL
활성
감소
를 시키는 능력이 있는 약재 혹은 이 가지
기능이
있는 약재의 혼합은 피부의 보습력을 강화시키는
법이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각한
.
실제로 많은
천연
물과 물질들이
HAS
의 유전자 발현 증가를 통해
HA
의 생산량을 증가 시킨다고 보고되고 있으며
대표적
으로
Black rice,
인삼에서 분리한
compound K,
kaempferol, quercetin, retinoic acid
등이 있다
5-8)
.
HYAL
억제 약재 및 천연물로는 감초의
glycyrrhizin,
isoliquiritigenin, Keiskea japonica,
등이 있다
9-11)
.
황기는 보익약으로서 補氣升陽의 효능이 있으며
특히
衛氣가 건실하지 못해서 흘리는 식은땀에 효과가
12)
.
피부와 관련하여 황기는 피부수분함량 측정
험에서 보습효과가 확인되었다
13)
.
앞서
설명하였듯이
HA
의 함량 증가는 보습효과에 한 기전으로
황기가
어떻게 보습효과를 보이는지 알기위하여
human
keratinocyte
HaCaT
에서
HA
생산과
HYAL
저해
에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다
.
Fig. 1. Hyaluronic acid structure
II. 재료 방법
1. 재료 추출
감초와 황기는 퓨어마인드제약
(
경북
,
영천
)
에서
입하였으며 시료는 세명대 자연약재과학과
천연물실
험실에 보관 중 사용하였다
.
약재는
100 g
측정하
80% (v/v)
메탄올 용매에 담가 냉침하였다
.
여과
하여
Bottle
포집하였고 과정을
3
반복하였다
.
감압농축기로 농축한 이후에 동결건조 하였다
.
이평재 외 4인 : 황기 메탄올 추출물이 Ha CaT 세포에서 Hy alur onic aci d 생성에 미치는 영향
77
2. Hyaluronidase enzyme assay
Hyaluronidase enzyme assay
Morgan-Elson
method
따랐다
. Bovine hyaluronidase 50
(8
/
, 0.1 M acetate buffer, pH3.6)
50
㎕의
시료
섞은 후에
37
℃에서
20
분간 방치하였다
. CaCl
2
200
(12.5 mM)
를 넣어준 후 다시
37
℃에서
20
간 방치하였다
. Sodium hyaluronate 250
(12
/
5
㎖의 농도로
acetate buffer
에 녹였다
.)
넣어주고
다시
37
℃에서
40
분간 방치한
NaOH 100
(0.4
M)
potassium tetraborate 100
(0.4 M)
넣어
주었다
.
끓는 물에
3
분간 놓아둔 후 실온에서 식힌
후에
DMAB
용액
(1.5
)
를 넣어주고 다시
37
℃에서
20
간 방치한
585 nm
에서 흡광도를 측정하였다
. HYAL
저해제로 알려진
glycyrrhizin
isoliquiritigenin
함유
한 감초 및 항알러지 약물인
disdium cromoglycate
(DSCG)
비교하였다
.
저해율은
[(ODc - ODs) /
ODc] x 100 (%)
로 계산하였다
. (ODc: control
광도
, ODs:
시료의 흡광도
)
3. 세포배양
HaCaT
세포는
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle
Medium (DMEM, Gibco)
10% Fetal bovine
serum (FBS, Gibco)
1% penicillin-streptomycin
(PS, Gibco)
이 함유된 배지에서
37
, 5% CO2
조건
에서 배양하였다
.
4. MTT assay
세포를
2 x 10
5
/
농도로
96 well plate
seeding
Table 1. Primers
Sequence
Gene Direction Sequence (5' → 3') Size (bp)
HAS2 Forward GCT ACC AGT TTA TCC AAA CG (20 mer) 393
Reverse GTG ACT CAT CTG TCT CAC CG (20 mer)
GAPDH Forward ATT GTT GCC ATC AAT GAC CC (20 mer) 546
Reverse AGT AGA GGC AGG GAT GAT GT (20 mer)
하였다
. 24
시간 후에
serum-free DMEM
으로
교체해
준 후에 황기추출물을 처리해주었다
. 24
시간동안
양해준 후에
media
걷어내고
20
㎕의
3-(4,
5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium
bromide (MTT, 5
/
)
을 넣어주고
CO
2
배양기에
2
시간 배양하였다
. 100
㎕의
DMSO
로 결정을
해시킨 후에
570 nm
에서 흡광도를 측정하였다
.
생존
율은
control
비교하여
%
표시하였다
.
세포에
리한 샘플에 포함된
DMSO
는 최종농
0.1%
맞추
었다
.
5. RT-PCR
세포를
2 x 10
5
/
㎖ 농도로
6 well plate
seeding
하였다
. 24
시간 후에
serum-free DMEM
으로
교체해
준 후에 황기추출물을 처리해주었다
.
최종
DMSO
농도는
0.1%
로 맞추어 주었다
. 24
시간동안
배양해준
후에
easyBlue (intron)
RNA
를 추출하였다
. RNA
농도와 순도
(OD260 / OD280)
를 측정한 후에
2
RNA
power cDNA synthesis kit (intron)
이용
하여
cDNA
합성을 하였다
. PCR
premix PCR kit
(Solgent)
이용하였다
. PCR product
1.5%
agarose gel
전기영동 하여 밴드를 확인하였다
.
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA, sigma) 1
µ
M
성대조군으로 사용하였다
. Primer
는 기존 논문에
고된
sequence
로 제작하였다
(Table 1)
5)
.
PCR
조건은 다음과 같다
. 94
15 min, 32~35
cycles: 94
30s 50
30s 72
60s 72
10 min
종 합성
.
한방안이비인후피부과학회지 제
26
권 제
1
(2013
2
)
78
6. ELISA
세포를
2 x 10
5
/
㎖ 농도로
6 well plate
seeding
하였다
. 24
시간 후에
serum-free DMEM
으로
2
washing
해준 후에
serum-free DMEM
교체하고
플을 처리해주었다
. DMSO
0.1%
맞추어 주었다
.
24
시간 후에
350
㎕의
media
를 걷어내었고 다시
24
시간 후에 동량 걷어내었다
. 15,000 x g
에서
5
분간
원심분리하고 상층액을 걷어내어
ELISA
할 때
까지
-20
℃에서 보관하였다
. ELISA
HA-ELISA kit
(echelon)
를 이용하였으며 제조사에서 제공한
방법에
의해 진행하였다
. ATRA 1
µ
M
을 양성대조군으로
용하였다
.
7.
통계는
Student's t-test
를 이용하였으며 유의성
준을
p value
0.05
미만일 경우로 설정하였다
.
III. 결과
1. MTT assay
80%
메탄올 황기 추출물을
10, 50, 100
/
㎖로
리하여 먼저
MTT assay
하였고 다음에
100 ~ 300
/
㎖ 농도 범위에서 생존율을 확인하였다
. 10 ~ 300
/
㎖에서 독성을 보이지는 않았다
(Fig. 2 A
B).
추출물임을 감안하여 최대농도를
200
/
㎖까지
정하
였다
.
2. Hyaluronidase enzyme assay
HA
함량 증가는
HA
생성의 증가와 분해의
감소
. HA
감소는
HYAL
작용으로 알려져 있다
.
실험에 사용한
HYAL
사람유래는 아니나 피부에서
HYAL
저해와
관련하여
간접적으로 확인할 수 있을 것으로 생각한다
.
황기의
HYAL
활성저해에 관해서는 보고된 바가 있다
14)
.
A
B
Fig. 2. MTT assay, A: concentration of treated
Astragalus
membranaceus
(10 - 100 ㎍/㎖), B: concentration
of treated
Astragalus membranaceus
(100 - 300
㎍/㎖), Values are represented as percentage
relative to control. Results are presented as
mean±S.D.
Fig. 3. Hyaluronidase enzyme assay. Values are
represented as percentage of hyaluronidase
inhibition rate. Results are presented as
mean±S.D.
이평재 외 4인 : 황기 메탄올 추출물이 Ha CaT 세포에서 Hy alur onic aci d 생성에 미치는 영향
79
처리 농도를
200
/
㎖로 했을 때 저해율은
8.73%
이었고 감초와
DSCG
각각
35.78%
31.17%
해율을 보였다
(Fig. 3).
메탄올 황기 추출물을
125
/
로 처리했을
7.63%
저해율을 보인 최근 논문과
비슷
한 경향이었다
15)
.
다소간
HYAL
의 활성을 저해 하는
으로 보이나 감초에 비해 저해율은 저조했다
.
3. 황기의 HAS2 유전자 발현 증가
DMSO (0.1%)
처리군과
80%
메탄올
황기추출물
100
/
처리군의
HAS2
유전자발현 정도를
비교하
황기 처리군에서
HAS2
유전자의 발현이
증가함을
확인하였다
. 80%
메탄올 황기 추출물을
50, 100, 200
/
처리했을 때의
HAS2
유전자의 발현
양상을
RT-PCR
로 확인하였다
.
양성대조군인
ATRA 1
µ
M
처리했을 때
HAS2
의 유전자 발현이 매우
현저하게
늘어남을 확인 할 수 있었으며 처리 농도 범위
내에
HAS2
유전자 발현량이 늘어남을 확인
었다
(Fig. 4). HAS2
유전자 발현량의 증가
HA
합성
을 증가 시킬 수 있음을 보여준다
.
A
B
Fig. 4. RT-PCR results, A: concentration of treated
Astragalus membranaceus
(100 ㎍/㎖), B:
concentration of treated
Astragalus
membranaceus
(50 - 200 ㎍/㎖)
4. HA-ELISA assay
황기 추출물
50, 100, 200
/
처리 했을 때
HA
생성량을 확인하기 위해
ELISA kit
사용하였다
.
48
시간 처리가
24
시간 처리보다 모든 샘플에서
HA
생성량이 늘었음을 확인 하였으며 양성대조군으로
용한
ATRA (1
µ
M)
처리했을
HA
생성량이
24
간과
48
시간에서 각각
598.28±39.36 ng/
915.63±23.33 ng/
㎖로 현저히 늘어남을 확인하였다
.
황기 처리군
(50 ~ 200
/
)
의 경우
DMSO 0.1%
처리한
vehicle
군과 비교했을
24
시간에서는
각각
50.55%, 77.2 %, 108.33%
증가하였고
48
시간에서는
각각
51.67%, 61.59%, 59.19%
증가하였다
. 48
시간
처리에서 황기 처리농도
100
200
/
㎖에서는
차이
가 나타나지 않았다
(Table 2). Hsu
Chiang
황기
Bacillus subtilis
발효가
skin cell
에서
HA
생성
량을 늘린다고 보고하였
16)
.
동일한 실험에서 물
출물은
HA
생성을 늘리지 못했다
.
황기는
ononin,
calycosin, formononetin
등의
isoflavonoids
함유하
있다
17,18)
.
논문에서 저자는 황기에
포함되어
있는
isoflavone
ononin, calycosin, formononetin
함량이 발효에 의해 줄어들며 이는
isoflavone
들이
aglycone
의 형태나 혹은 다른 관련 물질로
대사함으
로서
HA
의 함량을 증가시키는데 관여함을
제시하였
. Genistein
daidzein
HA
의 함량을
늘린다는
보고
19)
가 있는 것으로 보아
isoflavone
들이
HA
생성
관여할 수도 있을 것으로 생각한다
. Isoflavone
연물을 함유하는 한약재들이
HA
함량증가를 통한
습효과를 보일 가능성이 있으며 보습 관련
화장품의
원료로서 이용가치가 있을 것으로 생각한다
.
실험
에서 황기의 메탄올 추출물은 양성대조군
ATRA
비교하여
HA
급격히 증가 시키지는
못했으나
HAS2
유전자 발현을 유도하고 소폭
HA
함량을
증가시켰다
.
이는 황기가 갖는 보습효과에
부분적으
HA
증가가 관여할 수도 있음을 보여준다
.
인삼에
서 분리한
compound K
의 경우
1
µ
M
24
시간 처
한방안이비인후피부과학회지 제
26
권 제
1
(2013
2
)
80
Time
Sample 24 hours 48 hours
Vehicle (DMSO 0.1%) 91.33 ± 5.24 207.72 ± 12.32
ATRA (1
µ
M) 598.28 ± 39.36*** 915.63 ± 23.33***
A. membranaceus
(50 ㎍/㎖) 137.45 ± 8.78** 315.03 ± 17.01**
A. membranaceus
(100 ㎍/㎖) 161.83 ± 33.47* 335.67 ± 28.01**
A. membranaceus
(200 ㎍/㎖) 190.32 ± 26.27** 330,67 ± 17.41**
Results are presented as mean±S.D. ***: p < 0.001, **: p < 0.01, *: p < 0.05
Table 2. Hyaluronic Acid Production (ng/㎖
)
리에서
200%
넘는 효과를 보였다
6)
.
많은
한약재
추출물과 함유 성분에서
HA
증가 효과탐색이
가능할
것으로 사료된다
.
IV. 결 론
1.
황기추출물은 비교적 독성이 약했으며
50, 100,
200
/
㎖을 처리 농도로 정하였다
.
2.
황기추출물
200
/
㎖에서
Hyaluronidase
대해
8.73%
저해율을 보였으며 감초와
DSCG
각각
35.78%
31.17%
의 저해율을 보였다
.
3. HaCaT
세포에서 황기추출물 처리는
HAS2
유전
자의 발현량을 증가 시켰다
.
4.
황기 추출물
50, 100, 200
/
㎖을 처리했을
DMSO 0.1%
처리한
vehicle
군과 비교하여
24
간에서는 각
50.55%, 77.2 %, 108.33%
증가하
였고
48
시간에서는 각각
51.67%, 61.59%,
59.19%
증가하였다
.
감사의
연구는 보건복지부
한의약산업육성제품화지원사
업의 지원에 의하여 이루어진 것임
(F110018)
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A, Grether-Beck S, Rabausch B, et al.
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이평재 외 4인 : 황기 메탄올 추출물이 Ha CaT 세포에서 Hy alur onic aci d 생성에 미치는 영향
81
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... Hyaluronan acts as a natural moisturizing factor, preventing water evaporation and maintaining skin elasticity. However, hyaluronan content decreases with age [21,22], which makes maintaining its levels necessary to promote elastic and healthy skin as individuals age [23]. Skin aging is largely categorized as either extrinsic or intrinsic aging. ...
... HA, a component of the extracellular matrix, contributes to water retention in tissues, the storage and diffusion of cell growth factors and nutrients, and immune system regulation [7][8][9]. HA levels in the skin are regulated by hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) for synthesis and hyaluronidase (HYAL) for degradation [10]. A reduction in HA is directly associated with increased wrinkling, decreased elasticity, and lower skin water content due to defects in the moisture barrier, leading to epidermal atrophy [7][8][9]. ...
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... Moreover, the number of beauty-related products containing clinically approved ingredients is gradually increasing [2]. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a type of glycosaminoglycan consisting of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, is found in the skin, cartilage, and various body parts, and is known to have moisturizing effects [3]. Each cell in the human body contains a gene that synthesizes HA, and the known HA synthesis metabolic pathway includes hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS)-1, -2, -3, TGF-β (trans forming growth factor β), PDGF BB (platelet derived growth factor BB), FGF (fibroblast growth factor), and EGF (epidermal growth factor) [4]. ...
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