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IAQ Field Survey in an Apartment Housing Equiped for Heat Recovery Ventilation System with Air Cleaning Function
Abstract
Nowaday the natural ventilation rate decreases because the apartment housing is being air-tight. Therefore, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) and indoor environment grow worse. Especially, Formaldehyde (HCHO), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) which is emitted from the building materials and coating material etc. occur Sick House Syndrome that cause negative impact on resident's respiratory system and body. Therefore in construction field, it will be a important issues that development of a ventilation system with high effectiveness which can exhaust the contaminant out of the building quickly. In this research we evaluated 'wall attachable duct-less Heat Recovery Ventilation (HRV) system with air cleaning function'. We executed a synthetic evaluation about indoor air environment under various operating condition installing the system in real scale apartment house that is built in Anyang city. HRV system with air cleaning function showed good performance by removing HCHO, VOCs with less ventilation energy.
Corresponding email: kcsung@dwconst.co.kr SUMMARY Ventilation system is being recommended as an effective tool to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) in apartment houses. Recently, in Korea, apartment house suppliers are required by law to establish ventilation systems in apartment houses. In this study, improvement of IAQ by establishing mechanical ventilation system in apartment houses was investigated through mock-up tests. Seven apartment houses were arranged for the test and concentrations of VOCs and Formaldehyde were examined under various conditions of ventilation rates and duct works. The results of this study show that IAQ of the test houses with mechanical ventilation system was improved from about 30% to 40% compared with IAQ in the apartment houses without ventilation system. However, there were no apparent concentration differences between the cases of changing ventilation rates and ductworks.
The recent indoor air quality problem in a newly-built apartment house is resulted from the improvement of airtightness performance and the use of the building material contained harmful chemical substances. As a result, these cause indoor air quality gradually to become worse and the harmful effect on occupant health called Sick House Syndrome. The most effective solution to improve the indoor air quality is to encourage the use of green building material. However, if the house is built with general building material, ventilation with outdoor air is alternative to dilute the pollutant concentration. The purpose of this re-search is to find optimum ventilation time in a newly-built apartment house at which the ventilatoris installed. It is found that the HCHO and toluene concentrations are remarkably decreased with the elapse of ventilation time and the concentration reduction rate is increased with increment of air change rate after one hour after operating the ventilator.
Ventilation system is being recommended as an effective tool to improve indoor air quality (IAQ) in apartment houses. Recently, in Korea, apartment house suppliers must establish ventilation system in apartment houses in law. In this study, improvement of IAQ by establishing mechanical ventilation system at apartment house was investigated by mockup test. Seven apartment houses were arranged for the test and improvement of IAQ was examined under the various conditions of ventilation rates, ventilator type and duct works. The results of this study show that IAQ in the test houses which were established mechanical ventilation system was improved about from 30% to 40% compared with IAQ in the apartment house which was not established ventilation system. However, there were no apparent concentration differences between the cases of changing ventilation rates, ventilator types and ductworks.
Recently natural ventilation rate is decreased due to the airtightness of apartment building. Therefore the use of heat recovery ventilator (HRV) has been greatly increased as an alternative method to supply fresh air and save energy in the building. In this research the experiment standard of HRV is compared between KS and JIS and the sensitivity analyses are experimented by both standards. Under cooling experiment condition indoor and outdoor wet-bulb temperature difference of JIS is 2 to 3 times higher than that of KS. It shows that the efficiency measurement of HRV by KS is expected to have greater sensitivity than by JIS and thus accurate measurement of web-bulb temperature is required. The experimental results provide that the efficiency of thermal exchange is resemblance to each others between KS and JIS. Under cooling experiment condition the efficiency of humidity exchange by KS presents higher than by JIS, however, under heating experiment condition the efficiency by KS shows lower than by JIS, reversely.
The purpose of this study is to improve indoor air quality of the barracks which have been changed from floor-type living barracks to bed-type living barracks since 2003. Therefore, the ventilation rates of newly constructed two type barracks were simulated with the various building materials including VOCs and HCHO components. And indoor air quality of two type living barracks was measured by the field experiments. With these steps, the measures for upgrading indoor air quality depending on building material types and ventilation rate are suggested.
This paper investigates thermal and ventilation characteristics in a workstation area of an office building equipped with a personal environmental system. An under-floor airconditioning system with and without a desk-mounted PEM (Personal Environmental Module) is compared. A tracer gas experiment using SF6 gas is performed to measure the local supply index and the room mean ventilation effectiveness. The particle image velocimetry is utilized to obtain quantitative velocity vectors in the workstation area for various supply air conditions. As a result, the local supply index in the workstation area is found to be increasing by operating a PEM, while overall room ventilation effectiveness remains the same. Flow visualization results show upward buoyant flows for a heating condition, and there is a need to adjust the angle of the PEM diffuser grille.
Despite increasing public concern about indoor air pollution in Austria there are no systematic investigations of typical exposure to VOCs (volatile organic compounds) in households. Air samples were taken in bedrooms of 160 randomly selected households in five districts. Formaldehyde was measured by photometry, VOCs by adsorption on charcoal and solvent extraction. To determine individual volatile compounds GC/MS was used. Formaldehyde levels ranged from 0.007 to 0.092 ppm. All but six samples were below 0.05 ppm. Total VOC levels ranged from 11 to 6045 µg/m³. Out of the samples 131 were below 300 µg/m³ and 5 exceeded 1000 µg/m³. Aliphatic compounds were the most prominent (14% of total VOC), followed by aldehydes (12%) and aromates (8%).
This paper presents the results of a computer program developed for solving 2- and 3-D ventilation problems. The program solves, in finite difference form, the steady-state conservation equations of mass, momentum and thermal energy. Presentation of the fluctuating velocity components is made using the k-ϵ turbulence model. Predicted results of air velocity and temperature distribution in a room are corroborated by experimental measurements. The numerical solution is extended to other room ventilation problems of practical interest.
In order to improve the indoor air quality in a room and to save energy, the air movement and contamination distributions in the room with ventilation have been studied experimentally and numerically. The experiment is carried out in a full-scale climate room with different air supply systems, heat gains from the venetian blinds and ventilation rates. The measurements concern room airflow patterns and air temperature, velocity and contamination concentration fields, etc. The airflow computer program PHOENICS and the cooling load program ACCURACY have been applied for the numerical simulations. PHOENICS solves the conservation equations of air mass, momentum, energy, concentration, kinetic energy and dissipation rate of kinetic energy. ACCURACY, which considers the influence of room air temperature distributions, is employed for the determination of cooling load, wall surface temperatures and convective heat transfer on room enclosure surfaces. These are the boundary conditions required by PHOENICS.The agreements between the computations and the measurements are good. The ventilation efficiency and temperature efficiency which are used for evaluation of indoor air quality and energy consumption are reported for each case. Additional application of these computations to annual energy analysis is also discussed.
Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
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CFD Simulation on the indoor air quality in apartment housing equipped for total heat exchanger with air cleaning function
- J J Yee
- S H Lee
- Y K Kim
- S K Park
- J J Yee
- S H Lee
- Y K Kim
- S K Park