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The genus Cordyceps and its allies from Anhui Ⅰ
Abstract
19 species of Cordyceps and its allies from some nature preserves in Anhui
Province, southeastern China are reported. They are Cordyceps phymatospora sp. nov.,
C. bassiana and its anamorph Beauveria bassiana, C. longissima and its anamorph
Hirsutella longissima, C. formosana and its anamorph Hirsutella sp., C. gracilioides,
C. filiformis and so on. Specimens examined are deposited in Research Center on
Entomogenous Fungi, Anhui Agricultural University (RCEFAAU).
... El estroma es de color castaño y sus hospederos son larvas de lepidóptero, mientras que P. gracilioides crece sobre larvas de coleóptero . Paraisaria gracilioides se describió originalmente como O. gracilioides de Japón creciendo sobre larvas de coleóptero (Kobayasi, 1941) y se ha reportado de China (Fan, Li, Chen y Li, 2001, Li, Fan, Huang y Li, 2002 y Colombia (Sanjuan, 2014). Castro et al., (2012) registraron por vez primera para México del estado de Morelos a O. gracilioides sobre larvas de coleópteros de una selva baja caducifolia, teniéndose una segunda cita de esta misma localidad por Pérez-Villamares et al., (2017). ...
The Sierra of Cóndiro-Canales is located between the municipalities of Atotonilco elAlto, La Barca and Ocotlán, which forms a polygon declared as a State HydrologicalProtection Area. Within this, three plant comunities are differentiated: deciduoustropical forest (BTC), oak forest (BE) and submontane scrub (MS). Fungi collectionswere carried out during the rainy season from 2021 to 2023, obtaining 123specimens, of which 85 were determined, corresponding to 60 species; of them, 52are Basidiomycota and eight are Ascomycota. Of the taxa collected, 29 from BE and31 are from the BTC and this is the vegetation with the greatest number ofdetermined species. Five new records are cited for the mycobiota of Jalisco:Lactarius uvidus, Paraisaria gracilioides, Peziza cerea, Phaeoclavulina flaccida andPluteus longistriatus.
... 15 In China, this species grows on Hepialidae larvae living in soil, and it is distributed within the Anhui, Jiangsu, Gansu, Xinjiang, and Yunnan Provinces. 12,16,17 Its annual yield (mainly ossified insects) is about 3-5 tons, and the market price is about $1-4 each (or $5-10 per gram). ...
The common Cordyceps (more than 20 species) found in Chinese markets are evaluated and illustrated. We systematically introduce their taxonomies, allied species, hosts, distributions, yields, selling statuses, and market prices. We summarize and comment on the medicinal value and food safety of Cordyceps. The concept of "cordyceps" is explained, the "best" cordyceps is explored, and Chinese cordyceps culture is analyzed. We suggest using the word "cordyceps" instead of the Latin Cordyceps to report these important edible and medicinal mushrooms
... Ophiocordyceps gracilioides se describió originalmente de Japón sobre larvas de coleóptero (Kobayasi, 1941) y se ha reportado de China (Fan, Li, Chen y Li, 2001, Li, Fan, Huang y Li, 2002 y Colombia (Sanjuan, 2014). Recientemente, Castro et al. (2012) ...
Cordyceps s. l. is an entomopathogenic fungi that have been poorly studied in Mexico and because of the limited explorations, the species diversity of this group in the region is unknown. Therefore, with the objective to contribute to the knowledge of this taxonomic group, samplings were carried out in the Southeast of the State of Mexico to know the diversity of the genus Cordyceps s. l. present in the region. In total 236 specimens were examined, which represent seven identified species: Ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza, O. gracilioides, O. gracilis and the conidial stage of Ophiocordyceps stylophora are first records to the State of Mexico and Cordyceps takaomontana and C. scarabaeicola are first records to Mexico. This new research, that increase the records of entomopathogenous fungi to 17 known species for Mexico, one of the five mega diverse countries in the world, the need for further exploration on this specific taxonomic group of fungi is demonstrated.
... Ophiocordyceps formosana (Kobayasi & Shimizu) C. R. Li, M. Z. Fan and Z. Z. Li was first discovered in 1981 from Taiwan. It was also found in Huangshan Mountain of Anhui Province in mainland China (Li et al. 2002, and Hirsutella huangshanensis was identified as its anamorph (Li et al. 2005). ...
The rates of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH)-free radical scavenging and hydroxyl radical eliminating were employed as indexes to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse the radical scavenging activity of the extracts with different solvents from fermented mycelia of Hirsutella huangshanensis RCEF0868, the anamorph of Ophiocordyceps formosana (FMOF). The results showed that both the aqueous extract and the methanol extract had significant radical scavenging activity. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the aqueous extract on DPPH-free radical and hydroxyl radical are 0.85 and 1.37 mg/mL, respectively, while the IC50 of methanol extract is 1.23 and 2.91 mg/mL, respectively. The combined liquid chromatography-diode array detector-high resolution mass spectrometer(HRMS) analysis and activity determination revealed that the molecular formulas of three radical scavengers in aqueous extract were C6H14O6(1), C14H17N5O8(2) and C20H33N5O9(3). In addition to the compound 1, the methanol extract had another three radical scavengers as C30H22O11(4), C30H22O10(5) and C30H18O10(6). All the six kinds of components exhibited the DPPH radical scavenging activity, and compounds 1, 4 and 5 also showed the hydroxyl radical eliminating activity at the same time. By querying the database of natural products and reference to the relevant reports, compound 3 may be a new entity. The others were respectively cordycepic acid, succinoadenosine, 4α-oxyrugulosin, rugulosin and skyrin and, among them, succinoadenosine and 4α-oxyrugulosin were found in entomogenous fungi for the first time.
... Some Cordyceps spp. have been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to lower blood pressure, glucose and cholesterol, as well as to modulate immune function [22]. Aside from ameliorating metabolic dysfunctions, Cordyceps spp. ...
BackgroundA newly defined Cordyceps species, Ophiocordyceps formosana (O. formosana) has been implicated in multitudinous bioactivities, including lowering glucose and cholesterol levels and modulating the immune system. However, few literatures demonstrate sufficient evidence to support these proposed functions. Although the use of Cordyceps spp. has been previously addressed to improve insulin insensitivity and improve the detrimental symptoms of depression; its mechanistic nature remains unsettled. Herein, we reveal the effects of O. formosana in ameliorating hyperglycemia accompanied with depression. Methods
Diabetes was induced in mice by employing streptozotocin(STZ), a chemical that is toxic to insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas. These streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice showed combined symptoms of hyperglycemia and depressive behaviors. Twenty-four STZ-induced mice were randomly divided into 3 groups subjected to oral gavage with 100 μL solution of either PBS or 25 mg/mL Ophiocordyceps formosana extract (OFE) or 2 mg/mL rosiglitazone (Rosi, positive control group). Treatments were administered once per day for 28 days. An additional 6 mice without STZ induction were treated with PBS to serve as the control group. Insulin sensitivity was measured by a glucose tolerance test and levels of adiponectin in plasma and adipose tissue were also quantified. Behavioral tests were conducted and levels of monoamines in various brain regions relating to depression were evaluated. ResultsHPLC analysis uncovered three major constituents, adenosine, D-mannitol and cordycepin, within O. formosana similar to other prestigious medicinal Cordyceps spp.. STZ-induced diabetic mice demonstrated decreased body weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue, while these symptoms were recovered in mice receiving OFE treatment. Moreover, the OFE group displayed improved insulin sensitivity and elevated adiponectin within the plasma and adipose tissue. The anti-depressive effect of OFE was observed in various depression-related behavior tests. Concurrently, neurotransmitters, like 5-HT and dopamine in the frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus were found to be up-regulated in OFE-treated mice. Conclusions
Our findings illustrated, for the first time, the medicinal merits of O. formosana on Type I diabetes and hyperglycemia-induced depression. OFE were found to promote the expression of adiponectin, which is an adipokine involved in insulin sensitivity and hold anti-depressive effects. In addition, OFE administration also displayed altered levels of neurotransmitters in certain brain regions that may have contributed to its anti-depressive effect. Collectively, this current study provided insights to the potential therapeutic effects of O. formosana extracts in regards to hyperglycemia and its depressive complications.
Species of Cordyceps sensu lato (Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes) have always attracted much scientific attention for their abundant species diversity, important medicinal values and biological control applications. The insect superfamilies Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea are two large groups of Coleoptera and their larvae are generally called wireworms. Most wireworms inhabit humid soil or fallen wood and are often infected with Cordyceps s.l. However, the species diversity of Cordyceps s.l. on Elateroidea and Tenebrionoidea is poorly known. In the present work, we summarise taxonomic information of 63 Cordyceps s.l. species that have been reported as pathogens of wireworms. We review their hosts and geographic distributions and provide taxonomic notes for species. Of those, 60 fungal species are accepted as natural pathogens of wireworms and three species ( Cordyceps militaris , Ophiocordyceps ferruginosa and O. variabilis ) are excluded. Two new species, O. borealis from Russia (Primorsky Krai) and O. spicatus from China (Guizhou), are described and compared with their closest allies. Polycephalomyces formosus is also described because it is reported as a pathogen of wireworms for the first time. Phylogeny was reconstructed from a combined dataset, comprising SSU, LSU and TEF1-α gene sequences. The results, presented in this study, support the establishment of the new species and confirm the identification of P. formosus .
Hymenoptera and Hemiptera are two major insect orders after Coleoptera and Lepidoptera that are parasitized by Cordyceps species. Among the 52 Cordyceps species parasitizing hymenopterans, the majority (50 species) are recorded on suborder Apocrita (ants, bees, wasps). Ant family Formicidae is the mostly parasitized family followed by Vespidae (wasps). Ophiocordyceps uilateralis, O. sphececephala, O. myrmecophila and Cordyceps australis are some of the cosmopolitan species that parasitize ants and wasps. Among Cordyceps species recorded on hemipterans, the majority (34 species) are recorded on suborder Auchenorrhyncha (cicadas, spittlebugs, froghoppers), followed by six species on suborder sternorhyncha (scale insects) and four species on the suborder Heteroptera (true bugs). Ophiocordyceps nutans is recorded worldwide in Asia, Africa and South America and parasitizes more than 30 species of true bugs. Another worldwide species is Ophiocordyceps sobolifera that parasitizes six cicada species in Asia, Africa and South America. Pentatomidae (true bugs), Cicadidae (cicadas) and Acanthosomatidae (shield bugs) are major host families within Hemiptera. Cordyceps species parasitizing hemipteran insects are phylogenetically very diverse and are currently segregated into Metarhizium, Ophiocordyceps, Polycephalomyces, Purpureocillium and Tolypocladium. Many hymenopterans and hemipterans are important insect pests and have invaded new localities in the world, threatening agriculture and human life. The host information compiled in this review could be informative for their use as potential biocontrol agents of endemic insect pests belonging to Hymenoptera and Hemiptera, including invasive alien species.
Entomophthoralean and ascomycetous fungi are the two major groups known to parasitize arthropods in almost every terrestrial habitat of the earth. Within Ascomycota,
Cordyceps
sensu lato is a large genus with more than 400 spp. described on numerous orders of Arthropoda. Among the hosts of
Cordyceps
, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera are the two major orders. Out of the estimated 200
Cordyceps
spp. recorded on coleopteran and lepidopteran hosts, we have documented 92 spp. based on the available information of their host species. Among coleopteran hosts, Scarabaeidae and Elateridae are the two major families. Similarly, among lepidopterans, Hepialidae is the largest host family.
Cordyceps militaris
shows the widest host range, extending to 2 orders, 13 families, and 32 spp. We hope such accumulative work will be useful as a quick reference for interested biologists, forest ecologists, biocontrol researchers, and fungal and insect taxonomists to apprehend host range and host specificities of
Cordyceps
fungi.
ACordyceps specimen was collected in Anhui, China, a strain ofBeauveria bassiana, an important entomopathogenic fungus for biological pest control, was isolated and their relationship was demonstrated by
microcycle conidiation. The teleomorph is an undescribed species and is namedCordyceps bassiana.
Keywords
Cordyceps
-
Cordyceps bassiana
-
Beauveria
-teleomorph-microcycle conidiation
the genus Synnematium Speare which is now placed in synonymy with Hirsutella. The anamorph of C. cucumispora is a new species of Hirsutella. The importance of hypha i bodies is discussed in relation to the successful isolation of Cordyceps species and as a supplementary diagnostic aid.
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an important entomogenous fungus
- Vuill
Vuill., an important entomogenous fungus. Chin Sci Bull 46 (9): 751~754
Color Iconography of Vegetable Wasps and Plant Worms. Tokyo: Seibundo Shinkosha. 1~380 I
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Shimizu D, 1994. Color Iconography of Vegetable Wasps and Plant Worms. Tokyo: Seibundo Shinkosha. 1~380
I.
(
230036)