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Cyathus badius and C. earlei reported from the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest

DOI:10.5248/121.365
Authors:
Rhudson Henrique Santos Ferreira da Cruz at Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia
Rhudson Henrique Santos Ferreira da Cruz
Marcos Barbosa at Estácio Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
Marcos Barbosa
  • Estácio Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
Iuri Baseia at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Iuri Baseia
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Abstract

Two rare species of Cyathus, C. earlei and C. badius, were found in remnants of Brazilian Atlantic rainforest located in the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. Both species are new records for South America, and C. badius represents the second occurrence for the world. Descriptions, taxonomic remarks, and illustrations of these species are provided.
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  
MYCOTAXON
 
Volume 121, pp. 365–369 July–September 2012
Cyathus badius and C. earlei reported from
the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest


1Programa de Pós Graduação em Sistemática e Evolução &
2Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia e Zoologia,
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, PO Box 59072-970, Natal, RN, Brazil
3Programa de Pós Graduação em Biologia de Fungos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,
PO Box 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
rhudsoncruz@yahoo.com.br
 CyathusC. earlei C. badius
              
C. badius 


 Basidiomycota Nidulariaceae
Introduction
CyathusCrucibulum
MycocaliaNidulaNidularia
 Nidulariaceae        

NidulariaceaeAgaricales

Nidulariaceae Agaricales 
Cystodermataceae
Cyathus

             

Cyathus

Cyathus         
 
  
   
Cyathus

Materials & methods

°ʹ°ʹ

      




Taxonomy
Cyathus badius  





    
 



     
   


  BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Norte: Natal, 
           


  Cyathus badius     olla   
       ”   

C. africanusC. earlei
C. africanus
Cyathus ... 
Cyathus badius

        C. badius  
C. africanus  C. earlei

C. earleiC. badius. 


Cyathus earlei  


         
        
           


           
         



  BRAZIL. Rio Grande do Norte: Natal, 

  


Cyathus earlei

 Cyathus earlei olla 


C. ollaC. earlei 
C. olla
 C. olla  
C. olla
C. ollaCyathus

C. earlei
Acknowledgments



Literature cited
Cyathus

Fungi:

Cyathus ... 

Nidulariaceae

  Nidulariaceae

    Lycoperdales Nidulariales Phallales Sclerodermatales
Tulostomatales


     
            



            


Nidulariaceae


            
Agaricales 

     
              
           



Basidiomycota

           Nidulariaceae
Basidiomycota

 

            
 Cyathus:         

               
  Cyathus subglobisporus       

     
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... Most of the Brazilian records published for these organisms were made after 2009 by Trierveiler-Pereira and Baseia, who summarized the data already published for gasteroid fungi in the country (Trierveiler-Pereira and Baseia 2009a). Another research group that made a significant contribution to the knowledge of Cyathus diversity for the country was Cruz and other authors, with the description of several new species and new records for the genus (Cruz et al. 2012a;Cruz et al. 2012b; Barbosa et al. 2014;Crous et al. 2017a;Crous et al. 2017b;Cruz et al. 2018;Accioly et al. 2018;Góis et al. 2020). ...
... lm in the Japanese materials) and consequently in their shape, presenting more elongated basidiospores. This characteristic has been observed previously in Brazilian samples (Cruz et al. 2012a), showing that it can be a pattern found in Brazilian specimens, but based on the other morphological characteristics, the samples can be considered as C. badius. In addition, some Chinese specimens also showed variation in spore width (10-12.5 lm; Liu and Li 1989). ...
... Cyathus earlei can be confused with C. triplex due to the tomentum size, exoperidium color and presence of tunica, but the peridium's smaller size (4-6 mm in height), smaller peridioles (1.5-2 mm), larger basidiospores, and thinner basidiospore wall are distinguishable features . Cyathus earlei was first recorded for Brazil by Cruz et al. (2012a) and in the following years its distribution was extended to Semiarid and Atlantic Rainforest areas , Accioly et al. 2018. ...
Taxonomic review and updates of the genus Cyathus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Brazil
Article
  • Aug 2021
Taxonomic records of the genus Cyathus in Brazil are revisited, and the description of the species was re-evaluated. In total, 145 samples from Brazilian fungal collections were analyzed and compared with the descriptions present in the literature and type collections, totaling 31 species. New records and new identifications of the collections are presented. Updated descriptions, photo plates, and an identification key for the Cyathus species occurring in Brazil until the present moment are provided
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... Emplacement Gene sequences: ex-epitype: KX906250 (ITS), KX906257 (LSU). Habitat and distribution: gregarious to solitary on woody materials, Japan (Kobayasi, 1937 and this study), China (Liu & Li, 1989) and Brazil (Cruz, Barbosa, & Baseia, 2012 Note: Cyathus badius has been reported from different regions around the world, in varied climates. Besides the Bonin Islands, Japan (Kobayasi, 1937), the species was also reported from China (Liu & Li, 1989) and Brazil (Cruz et al., 2012). ...
... Habitat and distribution: gregarious to solitary on woody materials, Japan (Kobayasi, 1937 and this study), China (Liu & Li, 1989) and Brazil (Cruz, Barbosa, & Baseia, 2012 Note: Cyathus badius has been reported from different regions around the world, in varied climates. Besides the Bonin Islands, Japan (Kobayasi, 1937), the species was also reported from China (Liu & Li, 1989) and Brazil (Cruz et al., 2012). Although the new sample was from Hahajima Island, located ca. ...
... The Brazilian sample (Cruz et al., 2012) presents macro-and microscopic features similar to the Japanese samples. However, there is a marked difference in the width of spores, slightly smaller in the Brazilian specimen (9e11 mm in width, in comparison with 11e15 mm in the Japanese sample). ...
Rediscovery of Cyathus badius, an ‘extinct’ species from the Bonin Islands, Japan
Article
  • Mar 2018
The Bonin Islands, Japan, present a unique and endemic fauna and flora, however a large portion of these species, including fungi, are now considered endangered or extinct. During almost 80 y Cyathus badius was included in that statistics and no additional collections were recorded until a new expedition in 2015. Morphological comparisons with the holotype are consistent with the new specimen, and phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal ITS, LSU and concatenated dataset placed C. badius in a highly supported clade with C. parvocinereus. Is proposed here to epitypify C. badius with illustrations, new morphological characters and DNA data.
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... However, morphologically C. albinus differs from C. wenshanensis by having the golden blond to dark blond exoperidium, brownish gray peridioles with double-layered cortex, and basidiospores with conspicuous apiculous [25] . C. amazonicus differs in having very dark brown to grayish dark brown exoperidium and and gray, shiny endoperidium [42] . C. badius differs in having the smooth exoperidium, light brown to orange endoperidium, ovoid basidiospores [43] . ...
... Several taxa, Cyathus batistae, C. discoideus, C. gracilis, C. hookeri, C. magnomuralis, C. renweii and C. triplex are similar to C. wenshanensis based on the character having the fimbriate of basidiomata mouth. However, C. batistae differs from C. wenshanensis by its expanded mouth of basidiomata, with the stipe, smooth exoperidium wall, double-layered cortex Accioly et al. [25] Trierveiler-Pereira et al. [42] da Cruz et al. [43] da Cruz & Baseia [44] Hyde et al. [45] Boonmee et al. [35] A new wood-rotting fungal species peridioles, and smaller basidiospores (9-13 × 5-8 µm) with apiculus [20] ; C. discoideus differs from C. wenshanensis by having grey brown, smaller peridioles (1.56-2.16 × 1.41-1.74 ...
Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new wood-rotting fungal species, Cyathus wenshanensis sp. nov. from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2022
A new species of bird's nest fungus, Cyathus wenshanensis is proposed based on a combination of the morphological and molecular evidence. It is characterised by the obconical to cupulate basidiomata covered with hirsute hairs, striations on the outer and inner surface of the peridium, funicular peridioles, a trimitic hyphal system of peridium with generative hyphae having clamp connections, a dimitic hyphal system of peridiole middle, and subglobose, elliptical to ellipsoid-elongate, thick-walled basidiospores. Sequence of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) gene region was generated, and the phylogenetic analysis was performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses inferred from ITS dataset indicated that C. wenshanensis nested within the genus Cyathus, in which it formed a monophyletic lineage and grouped with C. albinus, C. amazonicus, C. badius, C. parvocinereus, C. pyristriatus and C. uniperidiolus.
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... Another species that resembles C. earlei in the light color of the fresh exoperidium is C. fimicola Lloyd, but the latter exhibits smaller basidiomes (4e5 mm in height) and darker peridioles than those of C. earlei (Brodie & Dennis, 1954). Cyathus earlei has already been reported from other areas of Brazil, such as the Atlantic rainforest (Cruz et al., 2012a) and Highland forest (Cruz, 2013), but this is the first record of this species from the Amazon forest. Note: Cyathus limbatus (Fig. 6) is characterized by its relatively large basidiomata (7e12 mm high) growing on a conspicuous, brown and woolly emplacement, plicate peridial layers, hirsute exoperidium formed by brown mycelial tufts (0.5e0.7 mm in length), peridioles with double-layered to subhomogeneous cortex, and ovoid to ellipsoid basidiospores (13.9e20 ...
Amazonian bird's nest fungi (Basidiomycota): Current knowledge and novelties on Cyathus species
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2018
The genus Cyathus is historically subsampled in the Amazon Forest, which is a potential source of striking taxonomic richness. In this paper, a checklist of Amazonian Cyathus species with detailed descriptions, illustrations and comments of five uncommon species are given. A new species named C. albinus is proposed with morphological and molecular data, being mainly characterized by a light color hirsute exoperidium contrasting with a dark brown emplacement and basidiospores ovoid to elliptical. Three other species, C. amazonicus, C. earlei and C. triplex, are recorded for the first time from their localities. Also, polyphyly is detected into striatum infra-generic group after the addiction of tropical species, but a subclade containing Amazonian species was highly supported.
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... In Northeast Brazil, the Agaricomycetes have been collected in the Atlantic Rain Forest and studied for a long time (Baltazar & Gibertoni, 2009), but ecosystems such as "brejos de altitude" (montane forests in the semi-arid region) are usually neglected. Besides, new species and/or new occurrences have recently being found even in already well explored localities (Baltazar et al., 2013;Coimbra et al., 2013a, b;Pinheiro & Wartchow, 2013;Trierveiler-Pereira & Baseia, 2013;Alfredo et al., 2014;Cruz et al., 2013;Cabral et al., 2014;. This demonstrates that, despite being conspicuous organisms, the knowledge about their diversity is still underestimated. ...
Agaricomycetes in the Atlantic Rain Forest in Northeast Brazil
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2014
RESUMO: (Agaricomycetes na Mata Atlântica no Nordeste do Brazil) A Mata Atlântica representa um grupo variado de florestas extra-amazônicas, dentre as quais se destacam, no Nordeste brasileiro, as florestas costeiras e os brejos de altitude. Entre 2011 e 2013, 110 expedições a campo em nove reservas no domínio da Mata Atlântica foram realizadas. Foram coletados 2263 Agaricomycetes que representaram 300 espécies, dentre as quais 14 novas espécies para a ciência e várias novas ocorrências para o continente, país, regiões, domínio e estados. Além do material recentemente coletado, 309 exsicatas de Agaricomycetes depositadas no Herbário URM foram revisadas, representando 38 espécies, das quais várias novas ocorrências para a região e estados. Os resultados mostram a importância da realização contínua de inventários e também de revisões de material depositados em herbários como ferramentas para incrementar o conhecimento sobre a micota brasileira. Palavras-chave: fungos macroscópicos, Basidiomycota, diversidade ABSTRACT: The Atlantic Rain Forest represents a group of extra-amazonic forests, among which the coastal and montane (" brejos de altitude ") stand out in Northeast Brazil. Between 2011 and 2013, 110 field trips were performed in nine reserves in the domain of the Atlantic Rain Forest. Two thousand two hundred sixty three Agaricomycetes were collected and represented 300 species, among which 14 new species to science and several new occurrences to the continent, country, region, domain and States were found. Besides the recently collected material, 309 exsiccates of Agaricomycetes deposited in the Herbarium URM were revised and represented 38 species, among which several new occurrences
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... In Brazil, knowledge of the gasteroid fungi in the Atlantic Forest has increased over the last ten years so that currently more than 40 gasteroid species have been recorded for this biome in the Northeast Region (Baseia 2004(Baseia , 2005 Baseia et al. 2003aBaseia et al. ,b, 2006Baseia & Calonge 2005Leite & Baseia 2007;Leite et al. 2007a,b;Silva et al. 2007Silva et al. , 2013Fazolino et al. 2008Fazolino et al. , 2010Gurgel et al. 2008;, 2011aBarbosa et al. 2011;Cruz et al. 2012). ...
Geastrum from the Atlantic Forest in northeast Brazil - New records for Brazil
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2014
Expeditions to remnants of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in the Northeast Region resulted in three noteworthy Geastrum species. Geastrum morganii and G. quadrifidum are reported for the first time from Brazil, while G. albonigrum is reported for the second time in South America. Detailed descriptions with taxonomic observations, photos of basidiomes in situ, and SEM photos are provided.
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Rediscovery of Clathrus argentinus and new contributions to the gasteroid mycobiota of Paraguay
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2021
Campi M, Maubet Y, Trierveiler-Pereira L 2021-Rediscovery of Clathrus argentinus and new contributions to the gasteroid mycobiota of Paraguay. Abstract Clathrus argentinus was described as a new species from central and northern Argentina in 1985. Thirty-five years later, we report C. argentinus from Paraguay. Along with this interesting discovery, eight other new records of gasteroid fungi viz. Blumenavia rhacodes, Calvatia cyathiformis, Cyathus earlei, Geastrum pusillipilosum, Lysurus sphaerocephalum, Myriostoma calongei, Phallus campanulatus and Tulostoma pygmaeum are reported from the country. In addition, the distribution of Calvatia rugosa, Cyathus limbatus, Cyathus poeppigii and Podaxis pistillaris is extended for Paraguay. Descriptions and photographs of the fresh specimens are included along with comments on their taxonomy and ecology.
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Rediscovery of Clathrus argentinus and new contributions to the gasteroid mycobiota of Paraguay
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2021
Campi M, Maubet Y, Trierveiler-Pereira L 2021-Rediscovery of Clathrus argentinus and new contributions to the gasteroid mycobiota of Paraguay. Abstract Clathrus argentinus was described as a new species from central and northern Argentina in 1985. Thirty-five years later, we report C. argentinus from Paraguay. Along with this interesting discovery, eight other new records of gasteroid fungi viz. Blumenavia rhacodes, Calvatia cyathiformis, Cyathus earlei, Geastrum pusillipilosum, Lysurus sphaerocephalum, Myriostoma calongei, Phallus campanulatus and Tulostoma pygmaeum are reported from the country. In addition, the distribution of Calvatia rugosa, Cyathus limbatus, Cyathus poeppigii and Podaxis pistillaris is extended for Paraguay. Descriptions and photographs of the fresh specimens are included along with comments on their taxonomy and ecology.
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A new species and new records of Cyathus (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from a National Park in Bahia, Brazil
Article
  • May 2020
Cyathus is a genus of gasteroid fungi characterised by a small fruitbody, with a cup or inverted bell shape. Distributed worldwide, the genus contains organisms that degrade organic matter, mainly decaying wood. In Brazilian northeast, there are 21 known of Cyathus, showing a huge taxonomic richness. In this study, nineteen specimens of Cyathus collected at Monte Pascoal National Park were analysed. The methodology previously proposed for the group was used and five species were identified. Cyathus julietae, C. limbatus and C. microsporus are the first records for Bahia State. Cyathus poeppigii is the first record for Monte Pascoal. Cyathus villosocarpus is a newly described species. Description, discussion and photographs of the new records and new species are provided.
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Gasteroid fungi (Basidiomycota) from two protected natural areas in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2018
In this study, a total of 13 species of gasteroid fungi belonging to six genera in five families collected from 'Área de Proteção Ambiental Piquiri-Una' and the 'Parque Estadual Mata da Pipa' are discussed, described and illustrated. Clathrus columnatus and Geastrum pusillipilosum are reported for the first time from Rio Grande do Norte State. In addition, a checklist of gasteroid fungi of Rio Grande do Norte is provided. A total of 50 species belonging to 18 genera are reported from Rio Grande do Norte State.
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Bird's nest fungi from China
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2004
Cyathus lijiangensis and C. renweii are species new to science reported in this paper. Crucibulum parvulum, Cyathus crassimurus, C. julietae and C. triplex are reported for the first time from China. The new species are illustrated and compared with similar species.
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Cyathus (Gasteromycetes) in areas of the Brazilian cerrado region, São Paulo State
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2001
A survey of Cyathus (Gasteromycetes, Nidulariales), occurrung in the cerrado region of the State of São Paulo (Brazil), was undertaken from November/1998 to April/2000, mostly in the rainy seasons. Several specimens belonging to nine species were identified: Cyathus berkeleyanus, C. limbatus, C. montagnei, C. olla, C. pallidus, C. poeppigii, C. stercoreus, C. striatus and C. triplex. C. olla and C. triplex represent first records from Brazil. Descriptions of the macro and microscopic features from these Cyathus species are given including taxonomic and some ecological data. A key to the species is also presented.
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The magnitude of fungal diversity: the 1.5 million species estimate revisited * * Paper presented at the Asian Mycological Congress 2000 (AMC 2000), incorporating the 2nd Asia-Pacific Mycological Congress on Biodiversity and Biotechnology, and held at the University of Hong Kong on 9-13 July 2000
Article
Full-text available
The number of known species of fungi is estimated as at least 74 K, but could be as much as 120 K with allowances for ‘orphaned’ species. Yet in 1990 the magnitude of fungal diversity was estimated ‘conservatively’ at 1.5 M species. This figure has been widely accepted as a working hypothesis, but subsequent estimates have ranged from 500 K to 9.9 M and the bases of these suggestions are analyzed. Additional data pertinent to the estimation of the number of fungal species on Earth that has become available since 1990 is discussed. Site inventories demonstrate the need for long-term (20 yr plus) intensive studies to determine the number of species in a site. Fresh data sets on fungus:plant ratios and degrees of host specificity, especially from well-studied hosts in the tropics, are consistent with earlier estimates. The extent of novelty discovered in recent monographic generic revisions and studies of species in particular habitats varies from 0-96%. Allowances for cryptic species, now known to be widespread by incompatibility and molecular studies, could on their own justify an upward revision by a factor of at least five. To enable confidence in any overall estimate to be increased, more detailed studies, especially on particular sites in the tropics, are needed. The consensus of tropical and molecular mycologists in particular is that an increased estimate could be justified. However, it is prudent to retain 1.5 M as the current working hypothesis for the number of fungi on Earth while additional data to test it further accumulates.
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The Nidulariaceae of the West Indies
Article
Thirty collections of West Indian fungi belonging to the Nidulariaceae in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, the National Museum in Paris and in the herbarium of H. J. Brodie, Indiana University, have been studied and assigned to thirteen species. No new species are described. Although three additional species have previously been reported from the area, these are not included because the collections have not been seen by the writers and because of the possibility of misidentification of material on which the records were based. Especially noteworthy is the occurrence of Nidula niveo-tomentosa (Henn.) Lloyd on the Blue Mountains in Jamaica, as this fungus occurs on continental North America only on the west coast from California to British Columbia. Crucibulum vulgare Tul. has apparently never been found in the West Indies. A key to the West Indian Nidulariaceae is included, and descriptions and distribution records are given.
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