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Antimicrobial Activity of the Aqueous Extract of Mint Plant
Abstract
In the present study, an antimicrobial activity of the Aqueous extract of Mentha species was assessed using both well diffusion and microdilution method in multi-well micro-titer plates. Mint extract investigated for its antibacterial activity against seven selected pathogenic bacteria: Bacillus fastidiosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella choleraesuis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia odorifera. Menth extract at different concentrations (1:1, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20) was active against all tested bacteria except for S.aureus, and the highest inhibitory effect was observed against S. mutans using the well diffusion method. Antibacterial activity of Aqueous extracts of selected commonly used Mint were screened against multi drug resistant bacteria ,which concludes that their extracts can be used against multi drug resistance bacteria capable of causing both nosocomial and community acquired infections.
... The previous findings concluded that microbes (Gram-positive) are highly vulnerable to plants oil and extract as contrast to Gram-negative microbes (Sandasi et al., 2010;Mahboubi and Haghi 2008;Mimica-Dukic et al., 1999;Cosentino et al., 1999;Karaman et al., 2003;Sahin et al., 2002).The antibiotic capacity of herbs extracts observed maximum activity against bacteria (Gram-positive) as compared to Gram-negative germs (Italo et al., 2017). The sensitivity differences of the microbial cultures may be due to compositions of the phytochemicals present in the herbs extracts, nature of the microbes and intrinsic tolerance of the microbes (Basheer and Abdullah 2013). It is not amazing that standards drugs have low MBC, MIC and high zone of inhibition as compared to the M. longifolia extracts. ...
This study was conducted for the assessment of the nutrition, minerals and antibacterial activities of leaves, stem and flower of Mentha longifolia (wild mint). Proximate compositions were carried out using standards methods, mineral analysis were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer and Flame Photometer, antibacterial activities were assessed using Zone of Inhibition Assay. Broth dilution method was used to determine the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The proximate composition of Mentha longifolia observed that moisture was found in the range of 2.3-2.8%, ash was 2.5-7.5%, crude fat was 0.5-2.1%, crude fiber was 8.5-22.5%, protein was 2.1-4.5%, carbohydrate was 69.6-78.7% and energy was 291.3-347.7 Kcal/100 g dw. Sodium concentration was found in the range of 1250-1590 mg/kg, Potassium was 3240-4820 mg/kg, Calcium was 12400-24000 mg/kg, Magnesium was 4800-9600 mg/kg, Zinc was 32-64 mg/kg, Iron was 140-498 mg/kg, Manganese was 32-107 mg/kg and Chromium was 3-6 mg/kg in Mentha longifolia leaves, flower and stem. The highest zone of inhibition (23±0.2) of Mentha longifolia leaves extract (tincture) was calculated against Bacillus cereus. Similarly the highest zone of inhibition of Mentha longifolia flower and stem was noted against Bacillus cereus in tincture extract were 17±01 mm and 16±01 mm respectively. The Mentha longifolia leaves MIC range was 40–120 mg/mL and MBC 60–200 mg/mL. The flower extracts MIC range 70–220 mg/mL and MBC 110–300 mg/mL. Generally the antibacterial activities of wild mint leaves extracts were higher as compared to flower and stem extracts (p<0.05). The results commonly observed Gram-negative bacteria are typically high opposed to the Mentha longifolia extracts as compared to Gram-positive bacteria. The proximate and minerals analysis concludes that this herb is used to formulate nutraceutical products and their extracts can be used against multi drug resistance bacteria accomplished of causing foodborne diseases.
... This divergence could be explained towards the bigger complication nature the cell wall of Gram-negative (Italo et al., 2017). The differences level of sensitivity of the microbial strains might be because of the combination of phytochemicals possessed in the extracts, nature of the microbes and intrinsic tolerance of the microbes (Basheer and Abdullah 2013). ...
The current study was carried out to evaluate the proximate compositions, minerals assessment and antimicrobial activities of leaves, bark and flower of Syzygium cumini L. Proximate compositions were carried out using standard methods. The mineral analyses were assessed by Flame Photometer and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Antibacterial potential were assayed using Well-diffusion assay for three extracts (decoction, infusion and tincture). The proximate composition of Syzygium cumini L. leaves, flower and bark were found in the range i.e. moisture 3.5-05%, ash 05-07%, crude fat 0.4-2.5%, crude fiber 08-23%, protein 02-04%, carbohydrate 64.1-78.9% and energy 268-335Kcal/100 g dw. Similarly the minerals quantification (mg/Kg) range were calculated as Sodium 1300-1600, Potassium 3250-5000, Calcium 12500-24000, Magnesium 5000-9600, Zinc 30- 60, Iron 140-500 and Manganese 30-100. The tincture observed the most efficient extract followed by infusion and decoction. While bark showed the least antibacterial potential against the pathogenic bacteria as compared to leaves and flower. The results commonly observed that generally the high opposing were observed by Gram-ve microbes to the Syzygium cumini L. extracts as compared to Gram-positive bacteria. These findings observed that Syzygium cumini leaves, flower and bark are a connection of health promoting major mineral elements and nutrition ingredients. Therefore, it can be a latent resource of natural minerals, fiber, protein and antibacterial agents in food, feed and medicine. This study exemplifies the latent of this plant as a substitute feed and food supplement to make stronger food security.
... While jamun and lemon extracts showed a considerable zone of inhibition against P. mirabilis to which most of the patent antibiotics were resistant. The antibacterial activity of mint was screened against multi-drug resistant bacteria, indicating their effectiveness in both nosocomial and communityacquired infections [24]. In the same way, this study also showed that mint extract can be used to treat multi-resistant cases of diabetic foot infection. ...
The worldwide growing antibiotic resistance against microbes has shifted the trend towards medicinal plants. Herbs are gaining courtesy for their effectiveness, safety, cheapness, and therapeutic potential. The current study focuses on the antibacterial potential of Mentha piperita (mint), Syzygium cumini (jamun), Citrus limon (lemon), and Punica granatum (pomegranate) extracts against isolated bacterial strains from diabetic foot infections. Diabetic foot samples (n=80) were collected for isolation of bacteria. Samples were run on respective media for isolation of different bacteria, which were further identified through microscopy and biochemical testing. Antibacterial activity was determined by disc and well diffusion methods. Several bacteria like S. aureus (42), P. aeruginosa (41), E. coli (28) K. pneumonia (22), S. epidermidis (15), Bacillus (7), and Proteous mirabilis (7) were isolated. Antibacterial analysis revealed moderate sensitivity of the four selected extracts against isolates, which was higher compared to most synthetic antibiotics. The lemon extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis (8mm), P. aeruginosa (10mm) Bacillus (10mm), and P. mirabilis (11mm). Similarly, pomegranate also showed moderate sensitivity against all isolated bacteria. Jamun leaf extract showed antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis (12mm), K. pneumonia (10mm), E. coli (12mm), S. aureus, (11mm) and P. mirabilis (10mm). Hence plants could be used as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics with modifications to achieve better results.
... The major active compounds in tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), such as eugenol, carvacrol, and linalool, inhibit CYP1A1&1B1, thereby preventing the conversion of the procarcinogen Benzo [a] pyrene to toxic diolepoxide 15 . ...
... Recent research has concluded that many antibiotic resistance genes are natural components of many microbial species (D'Costa et al., 2006). In general, resistant bacterial species have the genetic capacity to transmit and acquire antibiotic resistance (Nascimento et al., 2000;Basheer and Abdullah, 2013). Antibiotic resistance traits are genetically coded and can be natural or acquired through genetic mutation or horizontal gene transfer among bacterial populations (Blair et al., 2015). ...
... Dandago et al. (2017) have reported the best fruit quality in mature green tomatoes with 200 ppm NaOCl and 1 % CaCl2 solutions. Mint leaf extract has been suggested as a good chemical substitute for peppermint's antimicrobial and antifungal activities (Al-Sum and Al-Arfaj, 2014;Moghaddam et al., 2013). ...
This study was conducted under ambient condition at the research farm of the Agriculture Faculty in Kabul University, Afghanistan. The objectives were to identify suitable harvesting maturity stages for tomato crop that will result in adequate shelf life of tomato fruits for local and distant markets. The results indicated that fruits of the turning color stage treated with 6 % CaCl2 solution had the best quality and highest shelf life (17.5 days) compared to other treatments. Whereas, based on the significant main effect the 15.38 and 14.17 days’ highest shelf life recorded for tomatoes of H1 (turning color stage) and D1 (dipped in 6 % CaCl2 solution) respectively. The TSS (oBrix) and PLW (%) increased till the end of storage life but the tomato fruits’ firmness (g cm-2) decreased. The lowest values noted as 4.79 and 4.74 (oBrix) TSS and 3.31 and 2.93 (%) PLW but the highest tomatoes firmness were 932.50 and 854.17 (g cm-2) recorded all for fruits of H1 (turning color stage) and D1 (dipped in 6 % CaCl2 solution), respectively. In conclusion, the turning color, pink color and light red color stage’s fruits of the Pearson variety are recommended harvesting of fruits of Pearson variety for the distant market, local market, and immediate use, respectively and the 6 % CaCl2 solution could increase shelf life and maintain tomato quality.
Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from leaf and stem extracts of Cissus quadrangularis and C. rotundifolia was assessed against two pathogenic microbes (Micrococcus, Proteus vulgaris). Methanolic extracts of both stem and leaves of C. quadrangularis and C. rotundifolia were prepared using soxhlet method. Qualitative profiling of secondary metabolites confirmed the presence of saponins in C. quadrangularis extracts, while tannins and flavonoids were present in extracts of both the plants. AgNPs biosynthesized from both leaf and stem extracts were characterized using SEM and FTIR. Antimicrobial assays of all the four crude extracts and NPs derived from leaf and stem extract revealed that none of the crude extracts of C. quadrangularis showed antimicrobial against either P. vulgaris or Micrococcus, while nanoparticles derived from stem extracts exhibited higher (∼2.5 times) activity against P. vulgaris than that against Micrococcus. In contrast, both the extracts of C. rotundifolia and AgNPs derived from stem extract showed similar inhibitory effect on growth of both tested microorganisms. Nanoparticles biosynthesized from leaf extract of C. rotundifolia showed higher activity (∼1.6 times) against P. vulgaris than that against Micrococcus. AgNPs derived from C. quadrangularis stem extract exhibited ∼1.5 times higher activity than that of C. rotundifolia derived AgNPs against P. vulgaris. This study therefore indicates that the rich phytochemical profile and antimicrobial potential of Cissus sp. can further be used to develop non-toxic herbal formulations with multiple medicinal properties.
Globally, the main target of scientists is to examine new medicinally beneficial plants for the preparation of herbal drugs as well as to explore possible uses in the food industry. In this regard, the target of our current study is to evaluate the antibacterial activity and biochemical analyses of the leaf extracts of Omani Mentha piperita L (M. piperita). The selected plant leaves coarse powder samples were extracted by using the Soxhlet extraction process with methanol at 65oC for a period of 72 hours. The evaporation of methanol was done by a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure and temperature. The hydro alcoholic extract was fractionated with the various polarities of solvents with an increasing pattern. The biochemical evaluation and pharmacological activity of the prepared local plant extracts were completed by using established methods. The different polarities of leaves extracts showed positive biochemical tests of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, tannins and triterpenoids. The microbial activity of the fractioned plant extracts was tested with improved agar gel method. The different polarity extracts at different concentrations did not display any activity against the tested Gram (+) Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram (-) Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonus aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) bacterial strains. Based on the biochemical and pharmacological evaluation results, the selected whole plant and its potential extracts might be used traditionally as natural antibiotics to treat infectious diseases.
The investigation has been carried out under ZECC conditions located at the research farm of agriculture faculty of Kabul University, Afghanistan. The objective was to understand the effect of postharvest treatments and harvesting stages on the shelf life and sensory quality of tomato fruits. It was found that both main factors had a significant effect and the highest shelf life noted for the fruits of H1 (turning color stage) and D1 (dipped in 6 % CaCl2 solution) was 26.19 and 25.17 days, respectively. At the end of the storage period, the final evaluation average scores for overall sensory attributes of turning color fruits were higher whereas it was noted lower for light red color fruits compared with initial scores. The highest scores for all attributes such as color, flesh texture, flavor, and overall acceptance were noted for the fruits of H1 and D1 respectively. Thus, the turning color stage has seen as a suitable harvesting stage and then followed by pink color stage of the tomatoes of the Pearson variety that could be considered for various purposes after storage respectively. The 6 % CaCl2 solution could increase tomatoes shelf life and maintain the quality that it had retained the fruits sensory attributes to an acceptable level.
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