Article

Maximum polyphyly: Multiple origins and delimitation with plesiomorphic characters require a new circumscription of Minuartia (Caryophyllaceae)

April 2014
Taxon 63(1)

Authors:

Freie Universität Berlin

Minuartia is one of the larger genera of Caryophyllaceae with about 175 species distributed mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. The taxonomy of the genus has been studied by several authors, resulting in the recognition of numerous infrageneric groups. Previous phylogenies of the Caryophyllaceae showed that Minuartia is polyphyletic, but included only a limited sample of the genus. We here provide a molecular phylogeny of Minuartia including all infrageneric groups recognized in the last revision of the genus. We reconstructed the phylogeny of the genus using DNA sequences of nrITS and plastid matK from 160 ingroup and 105 outgroup samples. The evolution of the morphological character relevant for the delimitation of Minuartia (three styles plus three capsule valves/teeth) was reconstructed. Minuartiahas been defined with a plesiomorphic character and is highly polyphyletic. All four subgenera fall into different lineages containing other genera of the family, and M. subg. Minuartia, as by far the largest subgenus, falls into seven clades, which together do not form a monophylum. These clades are closely related to several other genera, e.g., Sagina, Colobanthus and Scleranthus. In several cases taxonomic groups below subgeneric rank are monophyletic. The type of Minuartia, M. dichotoma, is part of a clade containing M. sect. Plurinerviae and sect. Minuartia. We propose to retain this clade as Minuartia s.str. and to transfer the other species of Minuartia to the genera Cherleria, Eremogone, Facchinia, Mcneillia, Minuartiella, Mononeuria, Pseudocherleria, Rhodalsine, Sabulina and Triplateia.

Identification of the Plant Family Caryophyllaceae in Korea Using DNA Barcoding

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Full-text available

May 2023

Caryophyllaceae is a large angiosperm family, with many species being utilized as ornamental or medicinal plants in Korea, in addition to several endangered species that are managed by the government. In this study, we used DNA barcoding for the accurate identification of Korean Caryophyllaceae. A total of 78 taxa (n = 215) were sequenced based on three chloroplast regions (rbcL, matK, and psbA–trnH) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS). In the neighbor-joining tree, a higher accuracy of identification was generally observed when using ITS (>73%) rather than chloroplast regions (<62%). The highest resolution was found for rbcL + ITS (77.6%), although resolution varied according to the genus. Among the genera that included two and more species, five genera (Eremogone, Minuartia, Pseudostellaria, Sagina, and Stellaria) were successfully identified. However, the species of five other genera (Cerastium, Gypsophila, Dianthus, Silene, and Spergularia) showed relatively low resolutions (0–61.1%). In the cases of Cerastium, Dianthus, and Silene, ambiguous taxonomic relationships among unidentified species may have been a factor contributing to such low resolutions. However, in contrast to these results, Gypsophila and Spergularia have been identified well in previous studies. Our findings indicate the need of taxonomic reconsideration in Korea.

Palynomorphological Observations on the Genus Sabulina Rchb. (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey Using Light Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy

Article

Apr 2023

Funda Özbek

Pollen morphology of 28 taxa belonging to the genus Sabulina Rchb. (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey was examined and compared using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The current study aimed to describe the palynological characteristics of the Sabulina taxa and to assess the diagnostic value of these features for taxonomic implications. The pollen grains of Sabulina are radially symmetrical, apolar, rarely isopolar, and pantopolyporate with 8–28 pores. Their shape is prolate-spheroidal with the A axes (long axes) 19.5 μm and the B axes (short axes) 19–39.5 μm. Exine sculpturing is microechinate-punctate in all taxa. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the significant pollen morphological characters for distinguishing the taxa, with three components accounting for 95.112% of the total variance. Numerical analysis revealed that pollen sizes, pore diameters, pore numbers, distance between pores, spinule density, and punctum numbers are particularly the most useful variables for separating the Sabulina taxa. The results also display a partial relationship between the Sabulina taxa clusters based on pollen morphology and the systematics of these taxa based on general macromorphology.

Relationships within Mcneillia Indicate a Complex Evolutionary History and Reveal a New Species of Minuartiella (Caryophyllaceae, Alsinoideae)

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Full-text available

Aug 2022

The genus Mcneillia has been recently segregated from Minuartia L. based on molecular results, also supported by morphology. However, to date, a comprehensive study on the phylogenetic relationships within this genus is lacking. In this paper, we provide a multigene phylogeny of all the species and subspecies of Mcneillia employing two nuclear and six chloroplast markers. We documented extensive gene flow between taxa, sometimes separated at specific rank. In addition, Mcneillia as currently circumscribed, is not monophyletic. In fact, Mcneillia graminifolia subsp. brachypetala, strictly endemic to Greece, truly belongs to Minuartiella, a genus otherwise limited to South-West Asia. Moreover, even after removal of this taxon, our results do not support the monophyly of the taxa included in M. graminifolia s.l., the most variable and widespread species of the genus. Further controversial subspecies of Mcneillia graminifolia, i.e., subsp. hungarica and subsp. rosanoi, are shown to deserve taxonomic recognition as separate species, whereas Mc. moraldoi is not distinct at specific rank. In addition, Mc. saxifraga subsp. tmolea is here regarded as a further distinct species. A consistent taxonomic treatment is therefore proposed with six new combinations and nomenclatural notes, providing the necessary typifications.

Intergeneric relationships within the tribe Alsineae (Caryophyllaceae) as inferred from nrDNA ITS and cpDNA rps16 sequences: A step toward a phylogenetically based generic system

Article

Apr 2022

The tribe Alsineae is a large monophyletic group in the family Caryophyllaceae especially found across Eurasia and the Americas, but with a center of diversity in the Mediterranean region. Several previous molecular phylogenetic studies have focused on the delimitation of genera and tribes of Caryophyllaceae, especially the subfamily Alsinoideae or the tribe Alsineae in a broader sense than now recognized. However, there are still many open questions regarding the subdivision of the tribe and genus delimitation. In the present study, we sampled 191 (148 species) and 149 (125 species) accessions of Alsineae representing almost all (Adenonema and Pseudocerastium were not available to us) recognized genera in the tribe for nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid marker rps16 sequences, respectively. A combined matrix of 103 species was built for taxa with both sequences available. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses retrieved Cerastium and Stellaria (including Myosoton) as the largest monophyletic genera, while other genera were medium‐sized (10–20 spp.) or small (<10 spp.). Our expanded sampling of Pseudostellaria and its relatives suggests a broader circumscription of this genus. Major divergence in morphology, particularly of the seeds, observed in the “Protostellaria”‐clade, allows recognition of some taxonomic changes. A total of 16 genera are recognized in Alsineae including Cerastium, Dichodon, Hartmaniella, Holosteum, Lepyrodiclis, Mesostemma, Moenchia, Nubelaria, Odontostemma, Pseudostellaria, Rabelera, Schizotechium, Shivparvatia, and Stellaria, along with Adenonema and Pseudocerastium that could not be analyzed and are, therefore, kept as distinct genera. A diagnostic key to these genera, as well as notes on their relationships, distribution, and nomenclature, is provided.

Strategies of accumulation of potentially toxic elements in Minuartia recurva and M. bulgarica

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2022
ENVIRON SCI POLLUT R

The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of potentially toxic elements in soil samples and plant tissues of Minuartia recurva and M. bulgarica, predominantly or exclusively calcifuge species. Biological concentration (BCs) and translocation factors (TFs) were used to evaluate their accumulation potential. Considerable differences were observed between M. recurva and M. bulgarica assessions in terms of accumulation strategies of potentially toxic elements (PTEs). In M. recurva, most of the elements analyzed (Mn, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Co) were transported to the shoot, whereas in M. bulgarica, these elements remained predominantly in the roots. The Cu concentrations in the shoot samples of M. recurva from an abandoned iron-copper mine at Mt. Kopaonik were clearly above the notional hyperaccumulation threshold, characterizing this species as a possible Cu hyperaccumulator. Additionally, strong accumulation potential for Cr, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Cd was observed in M. recurva assessions, but without significant accumulation due to the low concentrations of these elements in the soils. The strong accumulation capacity and the different strategies in tolerance to PTEs indicate a potential of the two species for an application in phytoremediation: M. recurva for phytoextraction and M. bulgarica for phytostabilization.

Colonization of the Southern Hemisphere by Sagina and Colobanthus (Caryophyllaceae)

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2022
PLANT SYST EVOL

Colobanthus (23 species) and Sagina (30–33 species) together are sister to Facchinia. Whereas Facchinia is distributed in western Eurasia, Colobanthus is almost exclusively distributed in the Southern Hemisphere, and Sagina is distributed in both hemispheres with the highest species diversity in western Eurasia. We examined: 1. Whether Sagina and Colobanthus are monophyletic sister genera, 2. Where the two genera originated and how many times dispersal between hemispheres occurred, and 3. Which colonization routes between hemispheres were taken. We reconstructed the phylogeny of Colobanthus and Sagina using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and two plastid spacers (cpDNA) of altogether 158 ingroup samples of 45 species, and performed molecular dating and ancestral area reconstructions. Sagina and Colobanthus were confirmed as monophyletic sister genera. Biogeographical reconstructions based on ITS and cpDNA showed that Sagina reached the Southern Hemisphere in Australasia or in Africa. For Colobanthus, patterns were less clear and less well-supported: ITS showed Australasia as the region of entry, but cpDNA implied that the Southern Hemisphere may have been entered in America. The extant distributions and the biogeographical histories of Colobanthus and Sagina show both similarities and dissimilarities. This illustrates that biogeographical histories, even of closely related and ecologically very similar lineages, can be highly idiosyncratic.

Habrosia (Caryophyllaceae) a monotypic genus endemic to Western Asia: morphological and molecular remarks

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2021

Duilio Iamonico

Habrosia (Sagineae, Caryophyllaceae) is a genus that includes only H. spinuliflora, a species occurring in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey (Irano-Turanian floristic chorological element). Based on the available molecular data published in 2011, Habrosia appears to be nested in a Minuartia-clade, which includes taxa currently recognized under the genus Sabulina. Consequently, Habrosia should be treated as a genus to be included in Sabulina. However, the molecular tree published in 2011 considered only 9 Sabulina members whereas, according to the current concept, Sabulina is a genus comprising about 65 species. Unfortunately, the molecular phylogeny including a larger Sabulina sample published in 2014 did not include H. spinuliflora and the taxonomic position of Habrosia remains, therefore, uncertain. With the aim of verifying the correct position of Habrosia in the tribe Sagineae with respect to its relationship to Sabulina, a comprehensive molecular investigation based on ITS sequences, linked to detailed morphological data, is presented. The results obtained revealed that Habrosia is not part of Sabulina. A detailed description of H. spinuliflora, its ecological preference, and a distribution map are provided. Eventually, the name Arenaria spinulifolia (basionym of H. spinuliflora) is lectotypified on a specimen preserved at G (barcode G00212963).

A Cytotaxonomic study on Minuartia L. (Caryophyllaceae) in Iraq

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2019

Chromosome count, karyotypic character analysis, meiotic studies, monoploid karyograms and ideograms were performed in six taxa of Minuartia growing in Iraq (M. hamata, M. hybrida subsp. hybrida, M. intermedia, M. meyeri, M. picta and M. hybrida subsp. turcica). Species of M. hamata and M. meyeri showed 2n=2x=30 chromosome number, while M. hybrida subsp. hybrida and M. intermedia were diploid (26). The chromosome number (n=x) of six species was studied, and was found to be n=15 in M. hamata and M. meyeri, 13 in M. hybrida and M. intermedia, while in M. picta we recorded values of n= 11 and 14. Karyotype analysis of this species was first carried out in our study. Analysis of metaphases showed that the karyotype formula was mainly metacentric, submetacentric, and sub acrocentric. The sizes of the chromosomes were mainly small and very small. The course of meiosis varied from normal to abnormal. Abnormal microsporogenesis formation of two bridge chromosomes was detected in M. hamata and one bridge chromosome in M. intermedia and M. meyeri. Formation of laggard’s chromosomes was detected in M. hamata, M. meyeri and M. intermedia. As well as ring chromosome was showed in M. hybrida subsp. hybrida, also, some cells contain triad cell in metaphase stage instead four cells, as well as founded cell, contains two nuclei in same species which led to reduced pollen fertility and differences in pollen grain size.

Új jövevényfaj Magyarországon: a Sabulina tenuifolia előfordulása BudapestenA new alien species in Hungary: the occurrence of Sabulina tenuifolia in Budapest

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2025

Attila Rigó

Railways are important introduction and dispersal corridors for plant species. The first establishment and spread of many alien plant species in Hungary can be linked to railways nowadays. Sabulina tenuifolia (L.) Rchb. is a sub-Atlantic–sub-Mediterranean–Western-Asian plant, which was not previously known from the flora of Hungary, but a small population of the species was found in Budapest, at the Rákospalota-Újpest railway station. The plant was probably introduced as a stowaway of rail transport and its further spread along railways is expected. The inclusion of the species in the Hungarian plant identification key has been published in the article.

Identification and classification of Eremogone species using DNA based Schottky diodes

Article

Nov 2023
INORG CHEM COMMUN

Neotypification for five names linked to Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) for the endemic flora of Peru and Bolivia

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2023

The names Arenaria mattfeldii , A. pallens , A. peruviana , A. pintaudii , and A. stuebelii (Caryophyllaceae, Arenarieae) from Peru and Bolivia were studied and neotypified based on specimens preserved at B and P.

Phylogenetic analysis and temporal diversification of the tribe Alsineae (Caryophyllaceae) with the description of three new genera, Hesperostellaria, Reniostellaria and Torreyostellaria

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2023

Alsineae are one of the most taxonomically difficult tribes in Caryophyllaceae and consist of over 500 species distributed in the northern temperate zone. Recent phylogenetic results have improved our understanding on the evolutionary relationships among Alsineae members. Nevertheless, there are still some unresolved taxonomic and phylogenetic problems at the generic level, and the evolutionary history of major clades within the tribe was unexplored to date. In this study, we carried out phylogenetic analyses and divergence time estimation of Alsineae using the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) and four plastid regions (matK, rbcL, rps16, trnL-F). The present analyses yielded a robustly supported phylogenetic hypothesis of the tribe. Our results showed that the monophyletic Alsineae are strongly supported to be the sister of Arenarieae, and the inter-generic relationships within Alsineae were mostly resolved with strong support. Both molecular phylogenetic and morphological evidence supported the Asian species Stellaria bistylata and the two North American species Pseudostellaria jamesiana and Stellaria americana all should be recognized as new monotypic genera respectively, and three new genera Reniostellaria, Torreyostellaria, and Hesperostellaria were thereby proposed here. Additionally, molecular and morphological evidence also supported the proposal of the new combination Schizotechium delavayi. Nineteen genera were accepted within Alsineae and a key to these genera was provided. Molecular dating analysis suggested that Alsineae splitted from its sister tribe at ca. 50.2 million-years ago (Ma) during the early Eocene and began to diverge at ca. 37.9 Ma during the late Eocene, and divergent events within Alsineae occurred mainly since the late Oligocene. Results from the present study provide insights into the historical assembly of herbaceous flora in northern temperate regions.

Typifications of Andean Arenaria names (Caryophyllaceae), with a nomen novum

Article

Jan 2023

The nomenclature of the names Alsine weberbaueri, Arenaria musciformis, and Scleranthus peruvianus is investigated. The names were typified on specimens preserved at HOXA, MOL, and P. All these names are to be included in Arenaria. Concerning Alsine weberbaueri, a new combination (Arenaria weberbaueri) is proposed, whereas for Arenaria humboldtiana, a new name is provided for Scleranthus peruvianus since a previous Arenaria peruviana by Poeppig ex Rohrbach was validly published (Art. 53.1 of ICN).

Nomenclatural notes on species of the genus Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) in Chile

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2022

Duilio Iamonico

A nomenclatural study of the Arenaria names referring to the species found in Chile is presented. Three names, A. fastigiata, A. multicaulis, and A. scopulorum, are illegitimate (Arts. 53.1 and 52.1 of ICN); a new name is proposed for A. fastigiata and A. multicaulis; A. scopulorum was also nomenclaturally superfluous including the type of A. digyna (Art. 52.1 of the ICN). Arenaria digyna, A. microphylla, A. oligosperma, A. pleurantha, and A. rivularis are lectotypified, based on specimens preserved at E, HAL, K, P, and SGO (isolectotypes at B, K, P, and SGO). One epitype (at SI) was designated for A. rivularis.

Taxonomic Rearrangement of Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) in Indian Western Himalaya

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2022

The genus Arenaria L. (Caryophyllaceae) in the Indian Western Himalaya is studied in detail and rearranged. Three genera, namely Dolophragma Fenzl, Eremogone Fenzl and Odontostemma Benth. ex G. Don, which were previously treated as subgenera under the genus Arenaria, are here recognized as distinct genera and corresponding species of Arenaria are transferred to them. As concluded in phylogenetic studies, subgenus Eremogoneastrum Fenzl is treated as a part of the genus Eremogone and new combinations are proposed for eight western Himalayan taxa transferred here under the genus Eremogone. Species hitherto treated in Arenaria subgenus Arenaria are retained as it is, except the sole representative of section Compressae McNeill, which is shifted under a newly described monotypic genus Himgiria. Similarly, three species hitherto under Arenaria subgenus Solitaria McNeill now form part of newly described Sino-Himalayan genus Shivparvatia. A key to the genera of Arenaria and its allies reported from Indian western Himalaya is also provided.

Study on the Genus Drymaria (Caryophyllaceae)—A New Species from North-East India

Article

Full-text available

Nov 2024

A new species of Drymaria from the Kohima District (Nagaland of North-East India) is described and illustrated based on both molecular data (the ITS region of nuclear DNA) and morphometric analyses (clustering, PCA, DA, and MANOVA). The new species resembles D. cordata but differs with respect to the shape of the sepal (oblong, incurved at the margin vs. lanceolate, not incurved at the margin), petals (oblong or linear vs. ovate–lanceolate), and bract (foliaceous, glabrous, non-prominent vs. non-foliaceous, pubescent, and prominent). For nomenclatural purposes, the typification of Drymaria villosa by Duke (in 1961) was corrected according to Art. 9.10 of the Shenzhen Code.

Stellaria Rajbhandarii (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Nepal and resurrection of Stellaria neotomentosa

Article

Nov 2024

Based on distinctive morphology, Stellaria rajbhandarii is described as a new species from Nepal, and S. neotomentosa is resurrected since it is a species distinct from S. nepalensis. This study has provided the diagnosis as well as a complete description, phenology, distribution, habitat, and photoplates of both species.

Pollen morphology of Eremogone (Caryophyllaceae) in Türkiye

Article

Nov 2024

The palynological characters of 17 taxa belonging to genus Eremogone Fenzl (Caryophyllaceae) from Türkiye were examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Eremogone pollen in Türkiye is found to have an average size of 31.31 μm (26.62‒36.65 μm), pore sizes ranging from 6.52 to 9.24 μm, inter-pore distances ranging from 9.07 to 12.57 μm, pore numbers varying from 5 to 14 and 5‒30 nanoechini distributed in an area of 10 × 10 µm. The ornamentation was identified as nanoperforate, nanoechinate, or nanofaveolate surface elements in various combinations. Clustering analysis and Principal Component Analyses do not show clear groups, although more similar taxa were brought together through the analysis of pollen micromorphological data rather, the nanoechinate base width, nanoechinate length, and pore diameter length are the most valuable variables for separating the examined taxa.

Evolution of the Sabulina verna group (Caryophyllaceae) in Europe: A deep split, followed by secondary contacts, multiple allopolyploidization and colonization of challenging substrates

Article

Oct 2023
MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL

One of the major goals of contemporary evolutionary biology is to elucidate the relative roles of allopatric and ecological differentiation and polyploidy in speciation. In this study, we address the taxonomically intricate Sabulina verna group, which has a disjunct Arctic–alpine postglacial range in Europe and occupies a broad range of ecological niches, including substrates toxic to plants. Using genome-wide ddRAD sequencing combined with morphometric analyses based on extensive sampling of 111 natural populations, we aimed to disentangle internal evolutionary relationships and examine their correspondence with the pronounced edaphic and ploidy diversity within the group. We identified two spatially distinct groups of diploids: a widespread Arctic–alpine group and a spatially restricted yet diverse Balkan group. Most tetraploids exhibited a considerably admixed ancestry derived from both these groups, suggesting their allopolyploid origin. Four genetic clusters in congruence with geography and mostly supported by morphological traits were recognized in the diploid Arctic–alpine group. Tetraploids are split into two distinct and geographically vicariant groups, indicating their repeated polytopic origin. Furthermore, our results also revealed at least five-fold parallel colonization of toxic substrates (serpentine and metalliferous), altogether demonstrating a complex interaction between geography, challenging substrates and polyploidy in the evolution of the group. Finally, we propose a new taxonomic treatment of this complex.

Utilizing herbarium specimens to assist with the listing of rare plants

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2023

Funding for rare plant conservation is limited. In addition, many aspects of the biology and ecology of rare plants are unknown. Therefore, low-cost data generation approaches to fill these gaps should be pursued. Herbarium specimens can be used as a low-cost alternative to learn about the basic biology and ecology of rare plant species. The information provided on herbarium labels has dramatically increased in recent decades to include precise locality (i.e., latitude/longitude), exact dates, habitat, associated species, and substrate. In addition, herbarium specimens are being digitized and the resulting images and data are available via clearinghouses such as GBIF and SEINet. Already, herbarium specimens of rare plants have been used to develop habitat suitability models, predict range shifts, and assess changes in flower phenology due to climate change. Herbarium specimens can also provide a wealth of information about the reproductive biology and biotic interactions of rare plants. In this paper, we will demonstrate how this information can be accessed and present a practical application for using this information to populate an important federal listing document in the USA, Species Status Assessments (SSA). We will provide examples from the literature, as well as case studies from our own research, to demonstrate how this information can be collected from herbarium specimens and how and where to incorporate this information into SSAs. More generally, data gleaned from herbarium specimens can become part of a conservationist’s tool kit to further our knowledge of past, present, and future trends for rare plants. Additional knowledge of a species’ biology and ecology allows land managers and conservationists to make more informed decisions and allows for greater protection of listed species.

The seventh edition of the Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique: nomenclatural and taxonomic remarks

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2023

Filip Verloove

Following the publication of the seventh edition of the Nouvelle Flore, in 2023, this contribution provides an overview of nomenclatural and taxonomic changes compared to the previous edition of the Flora, which was published in 2012.

Maguirellaria (Caryophyllaceae), a new genus from Dominican Republic

Article

May 2023

Duilio Iamonico

Molecular analyses have shown that Stellaria is a polyphyletic genus and several species are closely related to other genera of Caryophyllaceae. Among the excluded taxa, a group of four species (S. antillana, S. howardii, S. minutifolia, and S. ovata) appear to be not included in the core of Stellaria and are possibly related to the genus Triplateia. Despite this molecular evidence, as well as the morphology of these four species, a formal proposal for a new taxon is still lacking. I here describe the genus Maguirellaria gen. nov., including Maguire’s Stellaria howardii and S. minutifolia. S. antillana and S. ovata, which display a very different morphology in comparison with Maguire’s species, were never considered in the same molecular study; therefore, I prefer to avoid a taxonomic decision for the moment.

Gypsophila dumanii, Caryophyllaceae, a new species from Eastern Turkey

Article

Apr 2023

Gypsophila dumanii, a new species belonging to the section Capituliformes, is here described and compared with the most similar G. olympica. A detailed description, original photographs, the current distribution area, and the conservation status of G. dumanii are given.

Further insights into the Stellaria media aggregate (Caryophyllaceae, Alsinoideae, Alsineae) in Africa: first reports of S. ruderalis in North Africa and S. cupaniana in Tunisia, with nomenclatural notes on the name Alsine cupaniana

Article

Feb 2023

Stellaria ruderalis and S. cupaniana (Caryophyllaceae, Alsinoideae, Alsineae) are recorded from Tunisia for the first time, S. ruderalis being also new to continental Africa. Descriptions, notes on habitat, ecology, and distribution in Tunisia are given. Original photographs together with a key to the Stellaria taxa of Tunisia are also provided. The typification of the name Alsine cupaniana is discussed and a specimen preserved at LY is designated as the lectotype.

Διερεύνηση της οικοφυσιολογίας του σπόρου και του μικροπολλαπλασιασμού του Dianthus cruentus

Thesis

Full-text available

Mar 2022

Apostolos-Emmanouil Bazanis

Dianthus cruentus Griseb. (Caryophyllaceae) is a herbaceous perennial species native to the Balkan Peninsula, including Greece, and western Asia. It is a species of great ornamental interest due to its architectural inflorescences and its compact blue-green foliage, particularly resistant to dry and poor soils and attractive to pollinators such as butterflies and bees. In addition, it is a species of medical potential due to its strong antioxidant action. In the present study, the determination of the appropriate conditions for maximizing the germination of its seeds in both in vitro and in vivo conditions was initially investigated. Two seed lots collected from a native population of the species on Mount Kallidromo, Fthiotida, dry-stored for 0 or 12 months, were used, without any pre-treatment. Regarding in vitro germination, the seeds were surface sterilized with a 20% commercial bleach water solution for 10 minutes, were then rinsed with distilled water and afterwards were placed in Petri dishes containing ½ MS medium, under 16 h photoperiod from 37.5 μmol m-2 s-1 fluorescent light, at temperatures of 5, 10, 15, 20 or 25 °C. The optimum temperature for seed germination was 15 °C, in which the highest germination ability in both recently collected (98%) and 12-month-old seeds (100 %) was observed. The lowest germination percentages were recorded at the two extreme temperatures of 5 °C and 25 °C, with particularly low values for recently collected seeds (18% and 15%). At all temperatures, minus that of 5 °C, the seeds germinated rapidly (T50 = 2-6 d). The duration of the seeds’ dry storage significantly affected their germination, increasing the germination percentage at the 2 extreme temperatures and demonstrating the positive effect of dry afterripening. As for ex vitro germination, the seeds were placed in pots with a mixture of peat-perlite (1: 1, v/v) and were incubated in growing chambers at temperatures of 15, 20 or 25 °C. The highest germination percentage was observed at 15 °C for both seed lots (97-99%), while the lowest at the temperature of 25 °C (62% and 4% for the 0- and 12-months-old seeds respectively). Germination ability was slightly lower in ex vitro germination, especially at 25 °C. Furthermore, the micropropagation of the species from explants excised from 2-month-old seedlings was investigated on solid substrates. Substrates containing MS medium and 8 g L-1 agar were used in almost all substages of the proliferation stage, and the effects of cytokinins BA, 2iP and ZEA, with the absence or the presence of auxin NAA, were investigated, using explants derived from non-hyperhydric or hyperhydric shoots. In the initial culture substrates containing 0.1 mg L-1 BA or 0.1 or 0.5 mg L-1 2iP the explants produced shoots at a high percentage (72-87%), but many of these were shown to be hyperhydric, with abnormal morphology and vitreous appearance. The number of hyperhydric shoots and the number of nodes seemed to be higher on substrates containing 2iP, with the largest number of normal shoots (2.3) appearing in the substrate containing 0.1 mg L-1 BA. During the 1st subculture stage, hyperhydric shoots were observed in bigger numbers in the substrate containing 2iP, while an increase in shoot proliferation and the number of hyperhydric shoots was correlated with the use of hyperhydric explants grown on hormone-free MS substrate. In the 2nd subculture stage, the presence of 0.1 mg L-1 BA yielded the largest number of shoots regardless of the physiology of the explants, while the addition of 0.05 mg L-1 resulted in a significant increase in the number of normal shoots and a reduction in hyperhydricity rates when hyperhydric explants were used. In the 3rd subculture, when explants derived from nonhyperhydric shoots were used the highest value of the multiplication index (4.5) and the maximum number of shoots (3.6) was recorded in MS substrate containing 2 mg L-1 BA. Increasing the concentration of agar to 12 g L-1 produced the largest number of shoots (2.4) when hyperhydric explants were used. In both cases, the highest percentages of hyperhydricity were recorded on MS substrate containing 0.1 mg L-1 ZEA. In contrast, during the 4th subculture, the use of this substrate resulted in the greatest multiplication index value at this stage (4.8). Overall, the use of MS substrate with 0.1 mg L-1 BA and 0.05 mg L-1 NAA resulted in the highest values of the proliferation index (5.1) regardless of the physiology of the explants used, with its maximum value (5.2) recorded from the culture of hyperhydric explants on MS substrate containing 0.1 mg L-1 BA and 12 g L-1 agar. The presence of phytohormones in the substrates increased the production of callus around the base of the explants, while high concentrations of cytokinins lessened the occurence of roots. D. cruentus microshoots were rooted in MS or ½ MS substrates in the presence or absence of IBA. The use of MS substrate resulted in lower rooting rates (55-70%) when lower concentrations of IBA were used (0 or 0.1 mg L-1). The optimal concentration of IBA was found to be 0.5 mg L-1 regardless of the multiplication substrate where the microshoots originated or the nutrient medium used in the rooting substrate, with rooting rates of 83-100%, while in some instances a carry over effect, caused by the cytokinin content of the shoot proliferation substrates, was observed on the roots’ number and median length. The ex vitro acclimatization of the rooted microshoots was completed with a success rate of 91% using a peat:perlite substrate (1:1, v/v). Significant morphological differences were observed between acclimatized plantlets, including differences in stem length and total number of shoots and nodes, which were correlated with the influence of different shoot proliferation and/or rooting substrates, while the presence of IBA during rooting seemed to have an amendable effect on their survival. Finally, the use of an integrated, 60-days-long propagation protocol with shoot proliferation and rooting occurring concurrently in one stage on MS substrates free of PGRs or containing BA or 2iP and NAA produced rooted young plants at a high percentage (88%), which had the maximum observed total number of shoots and nodes and were then successfully acclimatized, surviving at a percentage of 86%. Scientific area: Horticulture Keywords: Dianthus cruentus, native ornamental plant, germination ecophysiology, seed germination in vitro, seed germination temperature, seed lot age, dry afterripening, in vitro propagation, solid culture, seedling explant, hyperhydricity, hyperhydric explant, callus induction, in vitro rooting, ex vitro acclimatization, cytokinins, IBA, carry over effect, acclimatized plantlets’ morphology

Erläuterungen und Kommentare zu Neuerungen, Abweichungen von der Standardliste der Gefäßpflanzen Deutschlands sowie zu Gattungs- und Artkonzepten in der Rothmaler Exkursionsflora, Auflage 22

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2022

The 22nd edition of the Rothmaler field flora was published in 2021, and the present article gives comments on the numerous, especial major changes. We added new species, and for the first time included an Algae group; the stoneworts, Characeae, which in many practical respects resemble vascular plants. For all species, biological data were revised, and chromosome numbers were added if available for accessions from Germany. Notes on distribution within Germany were completely restructured, employing new physico-geographical rather than political mapping units, and using data from the current distribution atlas of vascular plants in Germany. Taxonomy and nomenclature in the Rothmaler largely follow the standard checklist of vascular plants in Germany; deviations are explained and justified. Die 22. Auflage des Gundbandes der Rothmaler Exkursionsflora ist 2021 erschienen und der vorliegende Artikel gibt Kommentare und Hinweise zu vielen, vorwiegend größeren Neuerungen. Wir haben im Grundband nicht nur neue Taxa aufgenommen, sondern mit den Armleuchteralgen, den Characeae, auch erstmals eine Algengruppe verschlüsselt, die aber in vieler, insbesondere ökologisch-praktischer Hinsicht durchaus den Gefäßpflanzen ähnelt. Für alle Arten im Band wurden die biologischen Angaben durchgesehen; sofern Daten zu Akzessionen aus Deutschland verfügbar waren, wurde Chromosomenzahlen neu eingefügt. Die Angaben zur Verbreitung in Deutschland wurden basierend auf dem Deutschlandatlas neu zusammengestellt, wobei jetzt stärker naturräumliche als politische Verbreitungseinheiten genutzt wurden. Taxonomie und Nomenklatur im Grundband folgen weitgehend der Florenliste von Deutschland, Abweichungen werden hier diskutiert und ggf. begründet.

Taxonomic significance of seed and leaf micromorphology in Saponaria (Caryophyllaceae)

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2022

The seed and leaf structures of some species belonging to the genus Saponaria (Caryophyllaceae) were examined using SEM. These species were: S. calabrica, S. dalmasii (endemic), S. glutinosa, S. halophila (endemic), S. karapinarensis (endemic), S. kotschyi (endemic), S. mesogitana, S. officinalis, S. orientalis, S. pamphylica (endemic), S. picta (endemic), S. pinetorum var. elatior (endemic), S. prostrata subsp. anatolica (endemic), S. prostrata subsp. calvertii, S. prostrata subsp. prostrata (endemic), S. pumilio, and S. tridentata. The results obtained show that the micromorphology of the seed are useful to distinguish the studied species. Four groups can be distinguished using the number of seed per capsule. In addition, the shape of the seed, microsculpture, shape and margin of testa cells were found as important characteristics to identify the various species. Leaf anatomy reveals that trichome type and mesophyll symmetry define significant differences between the studied species.

Estudio taxonómico del género Cardionema (Caryophyllaceae, Paronychioideae) para la Flora Argentina

Article

Full-text available

May 2022

Nicolás F. Brignone

The genus Cardionema (Caryophyllaceae) is native to the New World and it comprises six species of perennial herbs, with spiny leaves and sepals, membranous stipules and bracts, and reduced petals. This study aims to update the richness, morphology and distribution of Cardionema in Argentina, based on the study of herbarium specimens. Four species of Cardionema are accepted for the Flora of Argentina; a description of each taxon, an identification key, illustrations and pictures, a comparative-morphology based table, and distribution maps are included. Two lectotypes are also designated.

A new species, Gypsophila malyerii (Caryophyllaceae) from Turkey

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2021

Gypsophila malyerii Hamzaoğlu & Koç, a new species of sect. Capituliformes, is described and illustrated from Turkey. Information on distribution, habitat and conservation status are given. The most similar species is G. osmangaziensis. The morphology and micromorphology of seed and pollen characters of the two closely related species are compared.

Engellaria (Caryophyllaceae), a new North American genus segregated from Stellaria

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2021

Duilio Iamonico

Background and Aims: Stellaria traditionally comprises 150-200 species, mainly distributed in the temperate regions of Eurasia and North America. Molecular studies demonstrated that Stellaria is polyphyletic and includes about 120 species. The genus has a high phenotypic variability which has led to nomenclatural disorders, making the identification of the various species difficult. A note is presented about a taxon currently accepted under the genus Stellaria -Stellaria obtusa- which should be recognized as a separate genus, here proposed as Engellaria gen. nov. Methods: This study is based on examination of specimens of American and European herbaria and analysis of relevant literature. Key results: Available molecular data show that Stellaria obtusa is not included in the Stellaria s.s. clade, but instead is basal to another clade comprising the genera Honckenya, Schiedea, and Wilhelmsia. Stellaria obtusa was, therefore, compared with these three groups and with morphologically similar apetalous members of Stellaria s.s. (S. crispa, S. media, S. pallida, and S. irrigua). The results obtained lead to the recognition of S. obtusa as a separate new North American monotypic genus. A diagnostic key of the apetalous members belonging to the American Caryophyllaceae genera is proposed. Finally, the names Stellaria obtusa and S. washingtoniana (= S. obtusa) are lectotypified based on specimens deposited, respectively, at UC (isolectotypes at GH, NY, and YU) and GH (isolectotypes at BM, CAN, CAS, CS, DOV, F, GH, K, MIN, MSC, NY, US, and VT). For the name Alsine viridula (= S. obtusa) the holotype was found at US (isotypes at CAS, F, GH, NY, OSC, RM, and UC). Conclusions: Stellaria obtusa does not belong to the genus Stellaria. The present study shows that the combined use of morphological data and phylogenetic analyses helped to clarify the taxonomic position of difficult plant groups, as in Stellaria.

Range and niche expansion through multiple interspecific hybridization: a genotyping by sequencing analysis of Cherleria (Caryophyllaceae)

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2021

Background Cherleria (Caryophyllaceae) is a circumboreal genus that also occurs in the high mountains of the northern hemisphere. In this study, we focus on a clade that diversified in the European High Mountains, which was identified using nuclear ribosomal (nrDNA) sequence data in a previous study. With the nrDNA data, all but one species was monophyletic, with little sequence variation within most species. Here, we use genotyping by sequencing (GBS) data to determine whether the nrDNA data showed the full picture of the evolution in the genomes of these species. Results The overall relationships found with the GBS data were congruent with those from the nrDNA study. Most of the species were still monophyletic and many of the same subclades were recovered, including a clade of three narrow endemic species from Greece and a clade of largely calcifuge species. The GBS data provided additional resolution within the two species with the best sampling, C. langii and C. laricifolia , with structure that was congruent with geography. In addition, the GBS data showed significant hybridization between several species, including species whose ranges did not currently overlap. Conclusions The hybridization led us to hypothesize that lineages came in contact on the Balkan Peninsula after they diverged, even when those lineages are no longer present on the Balkan Peninsula. Hybridization may also have helped lineages expand their niches to colonize new substrates and different areas. Not only do genome-wide data provide increased phylogenetic resolution of difficult nodes, they also give evidence for a more complex evolutionary history than what can be depicted by a simple, branching phylogeny.

Egorov, Alexey V., Alexander S. Zernov, and Vladimir G. Onipchenko. "North-Western Caucasus." In Plant Biogeography and Vegetation of High Mountains of Central and South-West Asia, pp. 315-360. Springer, Cham, 2020.

Chapter

Jul 2020

Abstract. This chapter characterizes the flora and vegetation of the North-Western Caucasus, taking the Karachaevo-Cherkessian Republic (a mountainous region in the southwestern Russia) and the Teberda State Biosphere Reserve (a protected nature area with restricted access located on the northern spurs of the Greater Caucasus Range) as examples. The Teberda State Biosphere Reserve is located in the southern part of the Karachaevo-Cherkessian Republic at the upper reaches of the Teberda and Kizgych rivers and their tributaries. The elevation in the Teberda State Biosphere Reserve varies from 1259 to 4046 m a.s.l. The treeline runs at 1700–2400 m a.s.l., and the upper limit of vascular plants is found at 3750 m a.s.l. About 83% of the Reserve area lies above 2000 m a.s.l. Rock and scree outcrops occupy 26% of the Reserve. The wide elevational range, complex topography, and sharp changes of microclimatic conditions determine a high species diversity and variety of plant communities. The flora of the Karachaevo-Cherkessian Republic currently comprises 1959 species of vascular plants. There are 10 floristic elements in the indigenous flora of the Republic, i.e. Holarctic, Palaearctic, Panboreal, Euro-Mediterranean, Mediterranean, Ancient Mediterranean, Irano-Turanian, Pontic-South- Siberian, Pluriregional, and Endemic. A total of 343 species (17.5%) are endemics. Six elevational belts (steppe, deciduous broad-leaved forest, coniferous forest, subalpine, alpine, and subnival) and major vegetation types, including steppes, deciduous and coniferous forests, crooked-stem elfin woods, tall grass communities, fens, alpine and subalpine meadows, snowbeds, lichen heaths, pioneer communities on rocks, screes and talus slopes are reviewed. The Caucasus is considered a biodiversity hotspot with significant levels of endemism at both species and ecosystem levels. Currently it is prioritized as one of the most vulnerable regions with a high irreplaceability.

A reversed subspecific classification of Moehringia bavarica (Caryophyllaceae)

Article

May 2025

J.W. Kadereit

Diversity of Caryophyllaceae Juss. in Uttarakhand (India)

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2025

In this paper, we reviewed the records of Caryophyllaceae family of flowering plants reported from Uttarakhand state of India. Family Caryophyllaceae Juss. in Uttarakhand is represented by 24 genera 75 species, 2 subspecies and 6 varieties. Based on the herbarium history, literature survey and additional observations by the authors, 11 taxa were excluded from the flora of Caryophyllaceae of Uttarakhand. Cherleria sedoides was reported for the first time from India and Uttarakhand. Hitherto, the misidentification of the Cherleria sedoides and Cherleria biflora in the Himalayas, and identification ambiguity between Cerastium glomeratum and C. fontanum subsp. vulgare were resolved. We found that Stellaria depressa is a new record to the flora of Uttarakhand. New combinations of Stellaria patens subsp. patens, Stellaria patens subsp. semivestita and Sabulina kashmirica var. foliosa have been proposed. Based on the taxonomic history, and observations of the live and herbarium specimens, the synonymy of Sagina purii for S. apetala was concluded. This study summarises and presents the updated flora of Caryophyllaceae family in Uttarakhand based on these new findings.

Models of shoot formation in plants in light of molecular-genetic data, with representatives of Minuartia s. l. (Caryophyllaceae) as a case study. I. Monopodial models

Article

Nov 2024
ZH OBSHCH BIOL

Molecular phylogeny has gained a crucial role for plant taxonomy in recent years. In some cases sequence comparison of the chloroplasts or nuclear genes and even whole genomes led to novel and unexpected results in taxonomic positions. For example, after publication of phylogenetic data a genus Minuartia s. l. was considered to be a paraphyletic group and subjected to taxonomic revision according to cladistics concepts. As a result, several new genera were identified and some genera were restored including Cherleria L., which includes 19 species. The genus Cherleria is of particular interest due to significant habitual differences in its representatives. Thus, to clarify the relationships between intergeneric taxa a search for new taxonomically significant traits is needed. For these purposes, the biomorphological characteristics of representatives of six model species of Cherleria were studied. In the article the most significant biomorphological characteristics such as the model of shoot formation, the morphology of the cushion, the nature of shoot branching, the presence or absence of specialized vegetative shoots for capturing space, the growth strategy and the structure of the monocarpic shoot are proposed to aid for identification of taxonomic position. Analysis of the biomorphological features of the studied species identified four growth strategies: a) the strategy of centrifugal growth; b) the strategy of centrifugal growth with the rare appearance of radially directed lateral specialized shoots of the semi-rosette type; c) the strategy of vector growth by active branching at the early stages of development, with subsequent “fading” in formation of lateral axes; d) the strategy of vector growth with the help of semi-rosette plagiotropic shoots with the subsequent filling of the internal space of the cushion due to orthotropic rosette shoots. Comparison of molecular phylogeny and biomorphology data allows us to identify biomorphological apomorphies: monopodial plagiotropic-semi-rosette–orthotropic-rosette model of shoot formation with specialized semi-rosette shoots for capturing territory, the presence of dicyclic monocarpic shoots, as well as plesiomorphies: monopodial rosette model of shoot formation, formation of a densely filled cushion, monocyclic, simply arranged monocarpic shoots. Based on these data, we put forward an assumption that for the genus Cherleria the initial model of shoot formation was the monopodial rosette model.

Phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of six recently-described Stellaria species (Caryophyllaceae) from China, with an additional new species, Stellaria longipedicellata, from Sichuan

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2024

The phylogenetic studies of the tribe Alsineae (Caryophyllaceae) have revealed a clearer boundary between the genus Stellaria and related genera, primarily relying on the morphological characteristics of style 3, stamens 10 and petals deeply bifid. However, the newly-published species in China, which have 5 styles or ten or more lobes per petal, challenge this boundary and necessitate further studies. In this paper, we reviewed six newly-published Chinese species of Stellaria, utilising both molecular phylogenetic evidence from nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and four plastid regions (trnL-F, matK, rbcL, rps16) and morphological evidence. Our results demonstrated that the five new species (Stellaria abaensis, S. multipartita, S. pentastyla, S. procumbens and S. zhuxiensis) were nested within the genus Stellaria, but Stellaria motuoensis was sister to the genus Schizotechium. Herein, we accepted four new Stellaria species and proposed a new combination in Schizotechium and a new synonym in Stellaria. Additionally, we described a new species Stellaria longipedicellata from Sichuan Province, China, which was distinguished from the closely-related species Stellaria decumbens by its glabrous body, linear-lanceolate leaves, long pedicellate flowers, prostrate growth habit and flowers nearly equal to or slightly shorter than sepals. Both molecular and morphological evidence support the treatment of S. longipedicellata as a new species of the genus Stellaria.

A second update to the checklist of the vascular flora native to Italy

Article

May 2024
PLANT BIOSYST

Critical species inventories provide primary biodiversity data crucial for biogeographical, ecological, and conservation studies. After six years, a second update to the inventory of the vascular flora native to Italy is presented. It provides details on the occurrence at regional level and, for the first time, floristic data for San Marino. The checklist includes 8,241 species and subspecies, distributed in 1,111 genera and 153 families; 23 taxa are lycophytes, 108 ferns and fern allies, 30 gymnosperms, and 8,080 angiosperms. The species/subspecies endemic to Italy are 1,702, grouped in 71 families and 312 genera. The taxa currently occurring in Italy are 7,591, while 545 taxa have not been confirmed in recent times, 94 are doubtfully occurring in the country, 11 are data deficient, and 236 are reported by mistake and to be excluded at national level. Out of the 545 not confirmed taxa, 28 are considered extinct or possibly extinct.

Taxonomic studies on the genus Eremogone Fenzl (Caryophyllaceae) Eremogone Fenzl (Caryophyllaceae) cinsi üzerine taksonomik incelemeler

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Oct 2023

Metin Armağan

One of the families with the most species in the flora of Turkey, Caryophyllaceae includes about 100 genera and 3000 species worldwide. As a result of the studies, taxa classified under the subgenus Eremogone Fenzl (about 70 species) and Eremogoneastrum Williams (22 species) of Arenaria Ruppius ex L. and subgenus Spergella (Fenzl) McNeill (3 species) of Minuartia Loefl. were moved to the genus Eremogone. The genus Eremogone is perennial plants with a woody base, usually densely cushion-forming and branched. Leaves are usually clustered at or near the base of flowering stems. The genus Eremogone is distributed in north temperate regions, especially in Northwest America, Eurasian Mountains, Asia and Asia Minor with 100 taxa worldwide. In Turkey, it consists of a total of 19 taxa including 1 subspecies and 12 of them are endemic. The aim of this study was to revise the Eremogone taxa distributed in Turkey based on morphology. National and international herbarium specimens were examined by stereo microscope and living material collected through field studies were examined. Characters that can be used in the identification of taxa and species distinguishing were clarified. As a result of the investigations, it was determined that glandular hairs and the number of flowers in the inflorescence can be variable in species classification. It was determined that sepals, petals, staminal glands, the number of leaf pairs on the stem and the size of the leaves are important stable characters in the species identification keys to be used. However, especially the inward folds on the margins of the sepals cause confusion in species determination. In this study, the diagnostic characters of the taxa, the differences of the morphologically related taxa, habitat photographs and information about their distribution are given.

Arenaria L. (Caryophyllaceae) en Chile

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2022

Arenaria L. sensu lato is a genus of Caryophyllaceae of which around 100 species are known, distributed on all continents. The existence of four species of the genus Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) for the vascular flora of Chile, three native and one introduced, is reported, thus reducing the historical number of names referring to this genus and accepting A. digyna Schltdl. A. rivularis Phil., A. serpens Kunth and A. serpyllifolia L., as currently accepted. New synonyms are proposed: A. microphylla Naudin, A. oligosperma Naudin, Arenaria pleurantha Phil., A. cordillerana Iamonico and A. philippii Iamonico, all of them are treated as A. serpens Kunth.

Molecular barcoding reveals unexpected diversity in eastern North American stitchworts (Caryophyllaceae)

Article

Mar 2022

Generic delimitation in Caryophyllaceae has been challenging and has been informed most recently by use of molecular phylogenetic data. In this study, analysis of 29 samples from the small segregate Mononeuria using nuclear ITS and plastid rps16 data revealed it to be polyphyletic. The type species, (M. patula) and two other species (M. muscorum and M. paludicola) were shown to belong to the Sabulina clade. The remaining species formed a clade that also included the previously monotypic Geocarpon and was sister to a heterogeneous group that included the Hawaiian Schiedea and three other monotypic genera, Honckenya, Wilhelmsia and Triplateia. Although several nomenclatural options are available, we propose to place the species from this clade into a single genus, Geocarpon, which basically follows the most recent treatment after exclusion of Sabulina spp., but with the necessary new genus placements. New combinations are proposed: Sabulina muscorum; Sabulina paludicola; Geocarpon carolinianum; Geocarpon cumberlandensis; Geocarpon glabrum; Geocarpon groendlandicum; Geocarpon nuttallii and Geocarpon uniflorum. Analysis of the sequence data revealed remarkable variability among populations of Sabulina patula (formerly Mononeuria patula), Sabulina paludicola (formerly Mononeuria paludicola) and Geocarpon groenlandicum (formerly Mononeuria groenlandica), suggesting that cryptic species may be present. The data also suggested that broader sampling of Sabulina and Geocarpon could lead to increased understanding of the timing and origins of occupation of calcareous glades and rock outcrop habitats in eastern North America.

Dianthus berkayii (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Turkey

Article

Jan 2022

Dianthus berkayii (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Turkey

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2022

Dianthus berkayii belongs to sect. Fimbriati was described and illustrated as a new species from Erzincan Province in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In the current study morphological, palynological, and molecular characters were compared and discussed with its closely related species. The new species is similar to D. crinitus with fimbriate corolla, linear, acuminate, ± rigid leaves. Also similar to D. vanensis with fimbriate corolla, linear, acuminate, ± rigid, curved divaricate leaves. But distinctly different from D. crinitus by having linear and curved divaricate leaves, stem with 3–4(–5) internodes (not 5–8), a style much longer than petals, and different from D. vanensis with narrower leaves, ebarbulate and long fimbriate corolla. The bracts of D. berkayii are 1/3 of the length of the calyx, but not equal to the calyx length. The IUCN threat category of D. berkayii was determined to be “CR (Critically Endangered)” therewithal it is an Irano-Turanian element. In the study, the geographical distributions of D. berkayii, D. crinitus, and D. vanensis are also mapped, the identification key of these species was provided, pollen morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on ITS region of rDNA and ecological notes are also presented.

Catalonia Checklist Vascular Plants 2021 Sáez & Aymerich

Book

Full-text available

Jan 2022

An annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula) https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/idurl/1/1765134

Book

Full-text available

Dec 2021

An annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula)

Taxonomic identity and evolutionary relationships of South African taxa related to the Spergularia media group (Caryophyllaceae)

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2021
PLANT SYST EVOL

The taxonomic identity and phylogenetic relationships of several South African perennial taxa often synonymised to the European Spergularia media are discussed. In particular, the case of Arenaria glandulosa Jacq., a species described as native to the Cape region of South Africa, was revisited. We found this taxon to be a Spergularia, endemic to salt-laden coastal (and rarely also saline inland) habitats of the Western Cape and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa. This taxon is a prostrate to procumbent caespitose herb, densely glandulous all over, with small flowers solitary at the base of each leaf-like bract or in congested dichasial cymes, producing petals about equalling the sepals and free styles, among other characters. Further, we describe a morphologically similar species (often mistaken for S. media and S. bocconei) occurring in succulent Karoo scrub of Namaqualand, as a new species, named S. namaquensis. Both are glandulous dwarf subshrubs considerably differing from the recently discovered S. quartzicola, a soil-specialist endemic from Namaqualand quartzitic outcrops, by many notable vegetative and reproductive features. Molecular analyses of plastid (trnL–trnF region) and nuclear ribosomal (5.8S-ITS2 region) DNA sequence data support the morphological differentiation between the South African species S. glandulosa, S. namaquensis and S. quartzicola, representing an independent lineage when compared with the Northern Hemisphere members of the S. maritima group. Synonymy, new complete descriptions and ecological and distributional data are provided to facilitate further identification of species within the putative S. media group.

Phylogenetic estimation and morphological evolution of Alsineae (Caryophyllaceae) shed new insight into the taxonomic status of the genus Pseudocerastium

Article

Full-text available

Nov 2020

Pseudocerastium is a monotypic genus in Caryophyllaceae endemic to China. The genus has been widely accepted since it was described in 1998, however its phylogenetic position within Caryophyllaceae has never been studied. In the present study, the whole plastid genome and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of P. stellarioides was obtained through genome skimming, and the phylogenetic position of the species was studied for the first time. Plastid phylogenomic analysis of Caryophyllaceae revealed that Pseudocerastium is clustered within the tribe Alsineae with strong support. Phylogenetic analyses based on an enlarged taxon sampling of Alsineae using five DNA regions (matK, rbcL, rps16 intron, trnL-F and ITS) revealed that P. stellarioides was nested deeply within Cerastium with strong support. Analyses of morphological character evolution suggest that the ancestral states in Alsineae include three styles and a six-lobed capsule at the apex, while both Cerastium and Pseudocerastium have five styles and ten lobes at the apex of the capsule, further supporting their close relationship. The species P. stellarioides is similar to C. wilsonii in morphology, but differs in having villous indumentum on the lower part of the filaments and compressed globose seeds. Therefore, based on the present molecular and morphological evidence, the generic name Pseudocerastium is reduced here as a new synonym of Cerastium and the species P. stellarioides is transferred to Cerastium as C. jiuhuashanense.

Vascular plant biodiversity of Dorset and Mallik islands, Nunavut, Canada: an annotated checklist of a middle Arctic flora in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Article

Nov 2020

Establishing a baseline of current Arctic vascular plant diversity and distribution is critical, given the rapid and major environmental changes occurring in the Arctic ecozone in response to climate change. Here, we report the results of a floristic study of vascular plant diversity of Dorset and Mallik islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Nunavut, Canada. These two small islands lie off the coast of the Foxe Peninsula of southwestern Baffin Island, and they are part of the Circumpolar Arctic bioclimate Subzone C. The hamlet of Kinngait (formerly Cape Dorset) is located on Dorset Island, and Nunavut’s Mallikjuak Territorial Park encompasses all of Mallik Island. The study is based on a specimen-based dataset comprising 876 unique collections from the two islands gathered over the last century, including 268 new ones collected in 2015. Results are presented in an annotated checklist. The vascular plant flora of the study area comprises 26 families, 71 genera, 150 species and three infraspecific taxa; 139 species are recorded on Dorset Island and 102 on Mallik Island. Eleven taxa are newly recorded from the study area in six families: Carex rupestris, Eriophorum scheuchzeri subsp. scheuchzeri, E. triste (Cyperaceae); Diapensia lapponica (Diapensiaceae); Equisetum arvense subsp. alpestre (Equisetaceae); Oxytropis deflexa var. foliolosa (Fabaceae); Potentilla arenosa subsp. arenosa, P. hyparctica subsp. hyparctica (Rosaceae); Antennaria friesiana subsp. friesiana, Askellia pygmaea, and Taraxacum phymatocarpum (Asteraceae).

Range and niche expansion through multiple interspecific hybridization - a Genotyping by Sequencing analysis of Cherleria (Caryophyllaceae)

Preprint

Full-text available

Apr 2020

Background: Cherleria (Caryophyllaceae) is a circumboreal genus that also occurs in the high mountains of the northern hemisphere. In this study, we focus on a clade that diversified in the European High Mountains, which was identified using nuclear ribosomal (nrDNA) sequence data in a previous study. With the nrDNA data, all but one species was monophyletic, with little sequence variation within most species. Here, we use genotyping by sequencing (GBS) data to determine whether the nrDNA data showed the full picture of the evolution in the genomes of these species. Results: The overall relationships found with the GBS data were congruent with those from the nrDNA study. Most of the species were still monophyletic and many of the same subclades were recovered, including a clade of three narrow endemic species from Greece and a clade of largely calcifuge species. The GBS data provided additional resolution within the two species with the best sampling, C. langii and C. laricifolia, with structure that was congruent with geography. In addition, the GBS data showed significant hybridization between several species, including species whose ranges did not currently overlap. Conclusions: The hybridization led us to hypothesize that lineages came in contact on the Balkan Peninsula after they diverged, even when those lineages are no longer present on the Balkan Peninsula. Hybridization may also have helped lineages expand their niches to colonize new substrates and different areas. Not only do genome-wide data provide increased phylogenetic resolution of difficult nodes, they also give evidence for a more complex evolutionary history than what can be depicted by a simple, branching phylogeny.

The Anatolian High-Mountain Ranges – Plant Diversity Between Two Seas

Chapter

Jul 2020

Gerald Parolly

This contribution provides a survey on the high-mountain vegetation of Anatolia, Turkey, covering the West Anatolian Mts., the Taurus mountain system, the Inner Anatolian volcanoes, the East Anatolian highlands and the Black Sea Mts. Due to its location between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, the intersection of three phytogeographical regions, a highly varied geologic and climatic setting in addition to a dramatic geological past, the plant life of the different Anatolian mountains systems and isolated peaks is amazingly diverse and very rich in endemics. The chapter introduces all important high-mountain ranges, their zonation, major ecosystems, key vegetation types and floristic inventories. Based on a thorough phytogeographic analysis of the high-mountain flora and an evaluation of a wide range of floristic and phylogenetic studies, the diversity patterns of the Anatolian mountain systems and their floristic links to the adjacent areas are reviewed and mapped.

Evolutionary dynamics of the chloroplast genome sequences of six Colobanthus species

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2020

The complete plastome sequences of six species were sequenced to better understand the evolutionary relationships and mutation patterns in the chloroplast genome of the genus Colobanthus. the length of the chloroplast genome sequences of C. acicularis, C. affinis, C. lycopodioides, C. nivicola, C. pulvinatus and C. subulatus ranged from 151,050 to 151,462 bp. The quadripartite circular structure of these genome sequences has the same overall organization and gene content with 73 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, four rRNA genes and five conserved chloroplast open reading frames. A total of 153 repeat sequences were revealed. Forward repeats were dominant, whereas complementary repeats were found only in C. pulvinatus. the mononucleotide SSRs composed of A/t units were most common, and hexanucleotide SSRs were detected least often. eleven highly variable regions which could be utilized as potential markers for phylogeny reconstruction, species identification or phylogeography were identified within Colobanthus chloroplast genomes. Seventy-three protein-coding genes were used in phylogenetic analyses. Reconstructed phylogeny was consistent with the systematic position of the studied species, and the representatives of the same genus were grouped in one clade. All studied Colobanthus species formed a single group and C. lycopodioides was least similar to the remaining species.

IAPT/IOPB chromosome data 23

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2016

CORDIACEAE Cordia glabrata (Mart.) A.DC., 2n = 52; Brazil, Bahia, D.D. Vieira 393. Cordia rufescens A.DC., 2n = ca. 28; Brazil, Bahia, D.D. Vieira 447. Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) Arráb. ex Steud., 2n = ca. 72; Brazil, Bahia, D.D. Vieira 380. Varronia curassavica Jacq., 2n = 18; Brazil, Bahia, J.V. dos Santos 33 & al. Varronia globosa Jacq., 2n = 18; Brazil, Bahia, A.F.S. Brito 95. Varronia leucocephala (Moric.) J.S.Mill., 2n = 18; Brazil, Bahia, L.R. Silva 64. HELIOTROPIACEAE Euploca procumbens (Mill.) Diane & Hilger, 2n = 28; Brazil, Bahia, D.D. Vieira 212. Heliotropium angiospermum Murray, 2n = 26; Brazil, Bahia, D.D. Vieira 306 & al. Heliotropium elongatum (Lehm.) I.M.Johnst., 2n = 48; Brazil, Bahia, A.S. Conceição 1921. Heliotropium indicum L., 2n = 26; Brazil, Bahia, D.D. Vieira 441. Myriopus candidulus (Miers) Feuillet, 2n = 24; Brazil, Bahia, D.D. Vieira 454. Myriopus rubicundus (Salzm. ex DC.) Luebert, 2n = 48; Brazil, Bahia, D.D. Vieira 427. Myriopus salzmannii (DC.) Diane & Hilger, 2n = 48; Brazil, Bahia, A.S. Conceição 1896.

Mediterranean chromosome number reports - 23

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2013

This is the twenty-three of a series of reports of chromosomes numbers from Mediterranean area, peri-Alpine communities and the Atlantic Islands, in English or French language. It comprises contributions on 56 taxa: Anthriscus, Bupleurum, Dichoropetalum, Eryngium, Ferula, Ferulago, Lagoecia, Oenanthe, Prangos, Scaligeria, Seseli and Torilis from Turkey by Ju. V. Shner, T. V. Alexeeva, M. G. Pimenov & E. V. Kljuykov (Nos 1768-1783); Astrantia, Bupleurum, Daucus, Dichoropetalum, Eryngium, Heracleum, Laserpitium, Melanoselinum, Oreoselinum, Pimpinella, Pteroselinum and Ridolfia from Former Jugoslavia (Slovenia), Morocco and Portugal by J. Shner & M. Pimenov (1784-1798); Arum, Biarum and Eminium from Turkey by E. Akalin, S. Demirci & E. Kaya (1799-1804); Colchicum from Turkey by G. E. Genç, N. Özhatay & E. Kaya (1805-1808); Crocus and Galanthus from Turkey by S. Yüzbaşioǧlu, S. Demirci & E. Kaya (1809-1812); Pilosella from Italy by E. Di Gristina, G. Domina & A. Geraci (1813-1814); Narcissus from Sicily by A. Troia, A. M. Orlando & R. M. Baldini (1815-1816); Allium, Cerastium, Cochicum, Fritillaria, Narcissus and Thymus from Greece, Kepfallinia by S. Samaropoulou, P. Bareka & G. Kamari (1817-1823).

Taxonomic studies in the Alsinoideae: I. Generic and infra-generic groups

Article

Full-text available

Jan 1962

John Mcneill

Phylogenetic Analyses of Polemoniaceae Using Nucleotide Sequences of the Plastid Gene matK

Article

Full-text available

Jan 1994

Nucleotide sequences of the plastid encoded gene matK were examined for their potential utility in phylogenetic analyses within angiosperm families. Sequences 661 bases in length were obtained from twenty species of Polemoniaceae. Phylogenetic analyses resulted in four equally parsimonious trees with a consistency index of 0.70. Several well supported groups allowed us to test hypotheses of relationship within Polemoniaceae. The segregation of Ipomopsis and Allophyllum from Gilia was supported by the placement of each in distinct groups separate from a group of four species of Gilia. Several strongly supported groups include genera now placed in different tribes. There was no support for the current separation of temperate Polemoniaceae into two tribes. The tropical genera were resolved as basal and paraphyletic within the family. The family as a whole was monophyletic with no support for the segregate family Cobaeaceae. Sequences of matK, a gene that had not been used previously for phylogenetic analyses, provided a sufficient number of reliable characters for phylogenetic analysis within Polemoniaceae. Pairwise comparisons of matK and rbcL sequences of the same taxa were performed. Sequences of matK varied at an overall rate twice that of rbcL sequences. Substitutions at the third codon position predominated in rbcL sequences, while in matK substitutions were more evenly distributed across codon positions.

(2176) Proposal to conserve the name Coniothecium betulinum against Torula stilbospora (Ascomycota)

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2013

identical to print version). TAXON 62 (4) • August 2013: 831 Braun & Heuchert • (2176) Conserve Coniothecium betulinum (2176) Proposal to conserve the name Coniothecium betulinum against Torula stilbospora (Ascomycota). Lectotypus (hic designatus): without locality, on wood, without date, Corda (PRM No. 155699). Torula stilbospora Corda (in Sturm, l.c.) was later confused by Corda (Icon. Fung. 5: 50. 1842) with a fungus nowadays usually treated as "Taeniolella stilbospora (Corda) S. Hughes". Corda's (l.c. 1842: t. 2, fig. 13) second illustration of "Torula stilbospora" is quite distinct from his original drawing (Corda in Sturm, l.c.: t. 46), show-ing a fungus with a more aggregated, granular conidial structure quite distinct from Taeniolella S. Hughes which is in contrast character-ized by forming catenate conidia in firm, oblong-cylindrical chains. This confusion was already realized and discussed by Saccardo (Syll. Fung. 4: 265. 1886). Among original collections deposited in Corda's herbarium (PRM) as Torula stilbospora, there is a single collection without locality and date, but with a small pencil drawing on the envelop agreeing with Corda's original illustration, which represents true type material. This sample has been re-examined and proved to be typical Trimmatostroma betulinum (Corda) S. Hughes (≡ Coniothecium betulinum Corda), i.e., Torula stilbospora agrees with Coniothecium betulinum and is an older heterotypic synonym. Corda (l.c. 1842) cited collections from Neustadtel (locality unclear as at least four towns with this German name are known, two in the Czech Republic [now Dolny Bělá and Jezvé, part of Stružnice], one in Poland [now Nowe Miasteczko] and one in Germany [Saxony]), Senftenberg (Germany) and Prague (Czech Republic). Only the mate-rial from "Neustadtel" collected by Corda (PRM 155698) is preserved and was also re-examined. This material is very sparse, but quite different from the lectotype of Torula stilbo spora. Maintained frag-ments of conidial chains agree well with Corda's (l.c. 1842: t. 2, fig. 13) illustration and represent a genuine Taeniolella, hitherto generally known as T. stilbospora. However, the latter name is misapplied, i.e., the true Taeniolella needs another name. Trimmatostroma betulinum (Corda) S. Hughes is a common, widespread hyphomycete on bark of mostly fallen branches of Alnus, Betula, Corylus, Quercus, Pinus, Populus and Salix species mainly in Europe, but also recorded from Cuba, New Zealand and Turkey, and a widely used name in the mycological literature since its introduction by Hughes did not give any details of the original material on which he based the name C. betulinum, except for the substrate (Betula alba L.), but since only a single collection under this name is deposited in Corda's herbarium, this sample may be considered as holotype material. According to Crous & al. (in Stud. Mycol. 58: 1–32. 2007), this species belongs phylogenetically to the Dermate aceae (Helotiales, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota). However, the older name Torula stilbospora proved to be a heterotypic synonym of Conio-thecium betulinum, the basionym of Trimmatostroma betulinum, and threatens the latter well-known name. A reallocation of Torula stilbospora, hitherto consistently used in the misapplied combination Taeniolella stilbospora, to Trimmatostroma would undoubtedly cause strong confusion. Hence, a conservation of Coniothecium betulinum over Torula stilbospora is desirable and proposed in order to maintain the current use of Trimmatostroma betulinum.

(2178) Proposal to reject the name Psammanthe ( Caryophyllaceae )

Article

Full-text available

Aug 2013

Sur la position systématique et les affinités du Minuartia valentina (Pau) Mateo & Figuerola, endémique espagnole

Article

Full-text available

May 1990

Aussi bien par son nombre chromosomique (2n=36) que par certaines de ses particularités morphologiques intéressant la souche, la tige, les feuilles et les graines, le M. valentina (Pau) Mateo & Figuerola offre des affinités avec les espèces de la Section Lanceolatae (Fenzl) Graebner. Un étude de la testa des graines au M.E.B. confirme l'appartenance du M. valentina à cette section (présence de papilles dorsales aplaties- linguiformes). Il ne saurait donc être considéré plus longtemps comme une sous-espèce du M. verna L. Les auteurs proposent de le transférer dans le Section Lanceolatae et de créer pour lui une série nouvelle monospécifique: Series Valentinae Çelebioglu, Favarger & J. M. Monts.

A New Lineage‐Based Tribal Classification of the Family Caryophyllaceae

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2010

Understanding the relationships within the Caryophyllaceae has been difficult, in part because of arbitrarily and poorly defined genera and difficulty in determining phylogenetically useful morphological characters. This study represents the most complete phylogenetic analysis of the family to date, with particular focus on the genera and relationships within the large subfamily Alsinoideae, using molecular characters to examine the monophyly of taxa and the validity of the current taxonomy as well as to resolve the obscure origins of divergent taxa such as the endemic Hawaiian Schiedea. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of three chloroplast gene regions (matK, trnL-F, and rps16) from 81 newly sampled and 65 GenBank specimens reveal that several tribes and genera, especially within the Alsinoideae, are not monophyletic. Large genera such as Arenaria and Minuartia are polyphyletic, as are several smaller genera. The phylogenies reveal that the closest relatives to Schiedea are a pair of widespread, largely Arctic taxa, Honckenya peploides and Wilhelmsia physodes. More importantly, the three traditional subfamilies (Alsinoideae, Caryophylloideae, and Paronychioideae) are not reflective of natural groups; we propose abandoning this classification in favor of a new system that recognizes major lineages of the molecular phylogeny at the tribal level. A new tribe, Eremogoneae Rabeler & W.L. Wagner, is described here.

Phylogeny of Vitaceae based on the nuclear GAI1 gene sequences

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2011

Phylogenetic analysis of 105 nuclear GA11 sequences of Vitaceae provided a fairly robust phylogeny, largely congruent with the recently published chloroplast data of the family. In the GA11 phylogeny, Cayratia Juss., Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch., and Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston form a clade. Cyphostemma and Tetrastigma are both monophyletic, and Cayratia is paraphyletic. Ampelopsis Michx is paraphyletic with the African Rhoicissus Planch. and the South American Cissus striata Ruiz & Pav. and its close relatives (e.g., Cissus simsiana Roem. & Schult.) nested within it. The pinnately leaved Ampelopsis forms a subclade, and the simple and palmately leaved Ampelopsis constitutes another subclade. All species of Cissus L. sampled from Asia, Africa, and Central and South America (except the C striata complex) form a monophyletic group. Pterisanthes Blume of southeastern Asia forms a clade with the Asian Ampelocissus Planch. Vitis L. is monophyletic and forms a larger clade with the tropical Ampelocissus and Pterisanthes. Parthenocissus Planch., forms a clade with Yua C.L. Li, with each genus reportedly monophyletic. Cissus from the Old World is paraphyletic with the neotropical core Cissus nested within it. The basal grade of Cissus consists of taxa from Africa. The African-Asian biogeographic relationships are complex, with several intercontinental disjunctions. The Northern Hemisphere Ampelopsis is most closely related to the South American C. striata complex and the African Rhoicissus.

A novel supermatrix approach improves resolution of phylogenetic relationships in a comprehensive sample of danthonioid grasses

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2008
MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL

Phylogeny reconstruction is challenging when branch lengths vary and when different genetic loci show conflicting signals. The number of DNA sequence characters required to obtain robust support for all the nodes in a phylogeny becomes greater with denser taxon sampling. We test the usefulness of an approach mixing densely sampled, variable non-coding sequences (trnL-F; rpl16; atpB-rbcL; ITS) with sparsely sampled, more conservative protein coding and ribosomal sequences (matK; ndhF; rbcL; 26S), for the grass subfamily Danthonioideae. Previous phylogenetic studies of Danthonioideae revealed extensive generic paraphyly, but were often impeded by insufficient character and taxon sampling and apparent inter-gene conflict. Our variably-sampled supermatrix approach allowed us to represent 79% of the species with up to c. 9900 base pairs for taxa representing the major clades. A ‘taxon duplication’ approach for taxa with conflicting phylogenetic signals allowed us to combine the data whilst representing the differences between chloroplast and nuclear encoded gene trees. This approach efficiently improves resolution and support whilst maximising representation of taxa and their sometimes composite evolutionary histories, resulting in a phylogeny of the Danthonioideae that will be useful both for a wide range of evolutionary studies and to inform forthcoming realignment of generic delimitations in the subfamily.

Reticulation, Data Combination, and Inferring Evolutionary History: An Example from Danthonioideae (Poaceae)

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2009
SYST BIOL

We explore the potential impact of conflicting gene trees on inferences of evolutionary history above the species level. When conflict between gene trees is discovered, it is common practice either to analyze the data separately or to combine the data having excluded the conflicting taxa or data partitions for those taxa (which are then recoded as missing). We demonstrate an alternative approach, which involves duplicating conflicting taxa in the matrix, such that each duplicate is represented by one partition only. This allows the combination of all available data in standard phylogenetic analyses, despite reticulations. We show how interpretation of contradictory gene trees can lead to conflicting inferences of both morphological evolution and biogeographic history, using the example of the pampas grasses, Cortaderia. The characteristic morphological syndrome of Cortaderia can be inferred as having arisen multiple times (chloroplast DNA [cpDNA]) or just once (nuclear ribosomal DNA [nrDNA]). The distributions of species of Cortaderia and related genera in Australia/New Guinea, New Zealand, and South America can be explained by few (nrDNA) or several (cpDNA) dispersals between the southern continents. These contradictions can be explained by past hybridization events, which have linked gains of complex morphologies with unrelated chloroplast lineages and have erased evidence of dispersals from the nuclear genome. Given the discrepancies between inferences based on the gene trees individually, we urge the use of approaches such as ours that take multiple gene trees into account.

SeaView Version 4: A Multiplatform Graphical User Interface for Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Tree Building

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2009
MOL BIOL EVOL

We present SeaView version 4, a multiplatform program designed to facilitate multiple alignment and phylogenetic tree building from molecular sequence data through the use of a graphical user interface. SeaView version 4 combines all the functions of the widely used programs SeaView (in its previous versions) and Phylo_win, and expands them by adding network access to sequence databases, alignment with arbitrary algorithm, maximum-likelihood tree building with PhyML, and display, printing, and copy-to-clipboard of rooted or unrooted, binary or multifurcating phylogenetic trees. In relation to the wide present offer of tools and algorithms for phylogenetic analyses, SeaView is especially useful for teaching and for occasional users of such software. SeaView is freely available at http://pbil.univ-lyon1.fr/software/seaview.

Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora - 38. Counts for 50 families

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2004

An open access copy of this article is available from the publishers website. Documented chromosome numbers are reported for 187 taxa (170 species, 9 subspecies, 8 varieties), 5 hybrids (four putative, one artificial), and 18 of uncertain rank from 50 families (84 genera; 2 lycophyte, 11 pterophyte and 71 anthophyte). Of these, 189 counts are new for the New Zealand flora (167 of these are from named taxa). Many of the counts reported are from more poorly investigated families (e.g., Cyperaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Potamogetonaceae) and genera (e.g., Desmoschoenus, Freycinetia, Lycopodiella, Lycopodium, Potamogeton, Schoenus) indigenous to New Zealand, or from nationally uncommon and/or threatened taxa (e.g., Eleocharis neozelandica, Hebe societatis, Myriophyllum robustum, and Pittosporum dallii) and/or newly described plants (e.g., Gingidia grisea, Olearia adenocarpa), while three counts are from naturalised species (Alternanthera sessilis, Nephrolepis cordifolia, and Senecio skirrhodon), and one from a cultivated plant of Metrosideros nervulosa. In the majority of genera the numbers follow established patterns. Counts have now been obtained for all known New Zealand representatives of the Alseuosmiaceae, Chloranthaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Elatinaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Geraniaceae, Hydatellaceae, Lauraceae, Linaceae, Rubiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Nephrolepidaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Pandanaceae, Polypodiaceae, Sapotaceae, and Thelypteridaceae.

A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RaxML-VI-HPC web servers

Article

Full-text available

Nov 2008
SYST BIOL

Despite recent advances achieved by application of high-performance computing methods and novel algorithmic techniques to maximum likelihood (ML)-based inference programs, the major computational bottleneck still consists in the computation of bootstrap support values. Conducting a probably insufficient number of 100 bootstrap (BS) analyses with current ML programs on large datasets-either with respect to the number of taxa or base pairs-can easily require a month of run time. Therefore, we have developed, implemented, and thoroughly tested rapid bootstrap heuristics in RAxML (Randomized Axelerated Maximum Likelihood) that are more than an order of magnitude faster than current algorithms. These new heuristics can contribute to resolving the computational bottleneck and improve current methodology in phylogenetic analyses. Computational experiments to assess the performance and relative accuracy of these heuristics were conducted on 22 diverse DNA and AA (amino acid), single gene as well as multigene, real-world alignments containing 125 up to 7764 sequences. The standard BS (SBS) and rapid BS (RBS) values drawn on the best-scoring ML tree are highly correlated and show almost identical average support values. The weighted RF (Robinson-Foulds) distance between SBS- and RBS-based consensus trees was smaller than 6% in all cases (average 4%). More importantly, RBS inferences are between 8 and 20 times faster (average 14.73) than SBS analyses with RAxML and between 18 and 495 times faster than BS analyses with competing programs, such as PHYML or GARLI. Moreover, this performance improvement increases with alignment size. Finally, we have set up two freely accessible Web servers for this significantly improved version of RAxML that provide access to the 200-CPU cluster of the Vital-IT unit at the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and the 128-CPU cluster of the CIPRES project at the San Diego Supercomputer Center. These Web servers offer the possibility to conduct large-scale phylogenetic inferences to a large part of the community that does not have access to, or the expertise to use, high-performance computing resources.

Modeltest: testing the model of DNA substitution

Article

Full-text available

Feb 1998

The program MODELTEST uses log likelihood scores to establish the model of DNA evolution that best fits the data. AVAILABILITY: The MODELTEST package, including the source code and some documentation is available at http://bioag.byu. edu/zoology/crandall_lab/modeltest.html.

IOPB CHROMOSOME NUMBER REPORTS XLIX

Article

Aug 1975

Áskell Lóve

CHROMOSOME NUMBER REPORTS XCIX

Article

May 1988

Áskell Löve

Caryophyllaceae

Chapter

Jan 1993

Volker Bittrich

Annual or perennial herbs, or subshrubs, rarely shrubs or small trees, usually monoecious, rarely gynodioecious or dioecious. Stems often swollen at the nodes, usually with anomalous secondary growth in older stems, also often occurring in the roots. Leaves opposite, decussate or apparently whorled, very rarely alternate, simple, entire, often connate at the base, sometimes succulent; stipules wanting, more rarely present, then mostly scarious. Flowers commonly protandrous, actinomorphic, very rarely weakly zygomorphic, usually bisexual, rarely unisexual, hypogynous or perigynous, sometimes obdiplostemonous. Inflorescences mostly dichasial, sometimes monochasial, rarely flowers solitary. Sepals (4−)5 or rarely more or fewer, imbricate, rarely valvate, completely free or connate for often most of their length, sometimes subtended by bracts (epicalyx). Petals (4−)5 or rarely more, free, aestivation contorted or rarely imbricate, entire, emarginate, bifid or lacerate, clawed or not, sometimes with coronal scales at the top of the claw, occasionally very small or absent.

Chromosome numbers of some southern Chukotka plant species

Article

Jan 1980

P.G. Zhukova

Recherche sur l'origine de la flore orophile du Maroc: Étude caryologique et cytogéographique

Article

Jan 1988

N. Galland

Chromosome numbers in South Swedish vascular plants

Article

Jan 1999

Chromosome numbers of 566 taxa (3852 individuals) of mainly South Swedish vascular plants are published, most of them previously not documented for Sweden. The plant material was collected in the late 50s by Borje Lovkvist and co-workers from natural habitats. The results were not published, although many of Lovkvist's chromosome numbers appear with an asterisk in Weimarck (1963). However, these numbers were largely based on preliminary oral information by Lovkvist and only a little more than half could be verified from Lovkvist's documented material. The entire material (field notebooks, voucher specimens, slides, laboratory journals and drawings) has been critically examined and edited by U-M. Hultgard for the Flora Nordica project. - Flora Nordica Note no. 23.

Studies on the chromosome number and polyploidy for a number of plants in the north-east Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

Article

Jan 1996

De plantis in expeditione speculatoria Romanzoffiana observatis-Scrofularineae (continuatio)

Article

A. Chamisso

Chromosome numbers in some species of flowering plants of the Crimea and Caucasus floras

Article

Jan 1986

A.J. Magulaev

Numeri chromosomatum magnolio-phytorum florae URSS: Aceraceae – Menyanthaceae

Article

Jan 1990
BOT J LINN SOC

Phylogenetic Inference in Saxifragaceae Sensu Stricto and Gilia (Polemoniaceae) Using matK Sequences

Article

Jan 1995

Comparative sequencing of the maturase-encoding chloroplast gene matK has great potential for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships not only within families, but also within genera of land plants. This gene of 1550 bp is easily amplified due to highly conserved, flanking coding regions that include the trnK exons, rps 16, and psbA. Several available sequencing primers also have wide applicability. Parsimony analysis of 45 matK sequences representing Saxifragaceae sensu stricto provides a level of resolution comparable to that obtained via chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis. Furthermore, this analysis suggests relationships among genera and species that are highly concordant with the results of separate analyses of rbcL sequences and chloroplast DNA restriction sites, and with those of combined analyses of these three chloroplast DNA data sets. Parsimony analysis of 31 matK sequences representing all six sections of Gilia (Polemoniaceae) and 10 allied genera provides strong evidence for the polyphyly of Gilia and suggests relationships among sections of Gilia that are highly concordant with a recent ITS sequence analysis of the Polemoniaceae. Our analyses suggest that matK sequences are not strongly biased toward transitions, and the frequency of mutations at the first and second codon positions approach the frequency of mutations in the third codon position.

Chromosome number reports XCI

Article

Jan 1986

Áskell Löve

Chromosome numbers in flowering plants from the high mountains of Sterea Ellas, Greece. (Materials for the Mountain Flora of Greece

Article

Jan 1983

Recherches Cytotaxonomiques et Cytogéographiques sur Minuartia sect. Sabulina en Turquie ( Caryophyllaceae )

Article

Sep 1984

25 populations from Turkey and one of Syria belonging to theSabulina section of the genusMinuartia have been karyologically examined. New chromosome numbers have been recorded forM. mesogitana andM. hybrida subsp.turcica, and a new variety was found in theM. hybrida complex. The origin of the taxa with n = 23 and n = 35 is discussed.

Amphitropical Relationships in the Floras of North and South America

Article

Jun 1963

Peter H. Raven

Amphitropical distributions of vascular plants in the Western Hemisphere are divided into three groups: bipola or high-latitude, with about 30 species; temperate, with about 130 species; and desert, with a substancial number. Close relationships of this sort can be explained either by divergence from a common tropical ancestor or by origin on one side of the tropics and subsequent migration to the other. The latter is true for the great majority of groups discussed. These may have crossed the tropics in a single jump or by direct migration. The plant communities involved are relatively recent in origin. The amphitropical disjuncts are drawn from relatively few families and mostly are plants that occur in open habitats such as seacoast or seasonally moist places where establishment would be relatively easy. Woody plants and even herbs of closed communities are scarcely represented. Animals by and large do not have analogous amphitropical distributions as they would be expected to if the plants migrated by ...

Two Dominican Stellarias

Article

Jan 1958

Bassett Maguire

A new species of Minuartia (Caryophyllaceae) restricted to the high Andes of South America

Article

Jun 2013

A new apetalous species of Minuartia from the high Andes of northwestern Argentina, M. altoandina, is here described and illustrated. At first sight, M. altoandina is morphologically very similar to the European M. sedoides because of the absence of petals and ciliate leaf margin with narrow hyaline teeth; however, from a biogeographical point of view, it will probably be related to the North American M. rossii complex through the morphology of M. austromontana.

MESQUITE: a modular system for evolutionary analysis

Article

Nov 2009
EVOLUTION

Molecular systematics and character evolution in Caryophyllaceae

Article

Dec 2011

The aim of the present study was to infer a substantially larger, more evenly sampled, phylogenetic tree for Caryophyllaceae in order to more confidently resolve relationships within this clade. This would allow us to evaluate previous classification schemes and to infer the evolution of a number of characters that have figured prominently in higher-level taxonomic treatments. We have inferred a 630-tip phylogeny (ca. 30% of the 2200 species) using maximum likelihood analyses of data from the nuclear ribosomal ITS region and five chloroplast genes and intergenic spacers: matK, ndhF, trnL-trnF, trnQ-rps16, and trnS-trnfM. Our results confirm that subfamily Paronychioideae is paraphyletic at the base of Caryophyllaceae. Alsinoideae and Caryophylloideae together form a clade, within which neither subfamily is monophyletic. With only a few exceptions, our results support the tribal classification presented by Harbaugh & al. (2010). In agreement with other recent studies, it appears that many of the larger genera are not strictly monophyletic. Our results imply that the first Caryophyllaceae had stipules, free sepals, small apetalous flowers with few stamens, and single-seeded indehiscent or irregularly dehiscing utricles. Stipules were lost along the branch to the Alsinoideae-Caryophylloideae clade, and the evolution of a tubular calyx marks Caryophylloideae. The evolution of petals, 10 stamens, and capsule fruits is inferred to have taken place along the branch subtending a clade that includes Sperguleae (mostly containing former members of Paronychioideae) and the remainder of Caryophyllaceae. As this previously unnamed major group is both well-supported in molecular phylogenetic studies and marked by clear-cut apomorphies, we propose the name Plurcaryophyllaceae for this clade and provide a phylogenetic definition.

Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand Flora–16. Miscellaneous families

Article

Mar 1983

Chromosome numbers are provided for 130 taxa in 37 genera

A new species of Minuartia (Caryophyllaceae) from the island of Evvia (Greece)

Article

Jun 2008
NORD J BOT

Minuartia dirphya from Mt Dirphys (Evvia) is described as a species new to science. It is closely related to M. wettsteinii from Mt Thriptis (East Kriti) and M. parnonia from Mt Pamon (South Peloponnisos). The three narrow endemic species form a well-defined group, the Minuartia wettsteinii-group, within Minuartia ser. Laricifoliae Mc Neill. Additions to the descriptions, chorological and ecological data for M. wettsteinii and M. parnonia are provided. The morphological characters of the group and the differences to the other species of ser. Laricifoliae are discussed. A key to the species, illustrations of the taxa and their seeds, chromosome numbers and data on their geographical distribution are also provided.

Molecular and morphological data reveal cryptic taxonomic diversity in the terrestrial slug complex Arion subfuscus/fuscus (Mollusca, Pulmonata, Arionidae) in continental north-west Europe

Article

Aug 2004
BIOL J LINN SOC

The importance and abundance of cryptic species among invertebrate taxa is well documented. Nowadays, taxonomic, phylogenetic and conservation biological studies frequently use molecular markers to delineate cryptic taxa. Such studies, however, often face the problem of the differential resolution of the molecular markers and techniques involved. This issue is explored in the present study of cryptic taxa within the terrestrial slug complex Arion subfuscus/fuscus in continental north-west Europe. To this end, morphological, allozyme and mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequence data have been jointly evaluated. Using allozyme data and gonad type, two distinct groups were consistently delineated, even under sympatric conditions. The 16S rDNA data strongly supported both those groups and even suggested the presence of three distinct taxa within one of them. However, in view of: (1) the allopatric distribution of three OTUs, (2) the lack of allozyme or morphological differentiation, and (3) the extremely high degree of intraspecific mtDNA variation reported in pulmonate gastropods, they are, for the time being, not regarded as valid species under the biological species concept. By means of 16S rDNA and allozyme data, the position of type and topotype material of A. subfuscus s.s. and A. fuscus relative to the newly defined OTUs was determined, thus clarifying the nomenclature of this species complex. Additionally, gonad type proved to be a useful character for distinguishing the two species in north-west Europe. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 83, 23–38.

Molecular phylogeny of the Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllales) inferred from chloroplast MATK and nuclear rDNA its sequences

Article

Mar 2006

Caryophyllaceae is a principally holarctic family including around 2200 species often classified into the three subfamilies Alsinoideae, Caryophylloideae, and Paronychioideae. Complex and possibly homoplasious morphological characters within the family make taxa difficult to delimit and diagnose. To explore part of the morphological evolution within the family, we investigated the phylogeny of the Caryophyllaceae by means of analyzing plastid and nuclear sequence data with parsimony and Bayesian methods. We describe a mode of tracing a stable phylogenetic signal in ITS sequences, and a significant common signal is shared with the plastid data. Parsimony and Bayesian analyses yield some differences in tree resolution. None of the subfamilies appear monophyletic, but the monophyly of the Caryophylloideae is not contradicted. Alsinoideae are paraphyletic, with Arenaria subg. Eremogone and Minuartia subg. Spergella more closely related to the Caryophylloideae. There is strong support for the inclusion of Spergula-Spergularia in an Alsinoideae-Caryophylloideae clade. Putative synapomorphies for these groupings are twice as many stamens as number of sepals and a caryophyllad-type of embryogeny. Paronychioideae form a basal grade, where tribe Corrigioleae are sister to the rest of the family. Free styles and capsules with simple teeth are possibly plesiomorphic for the family.

Commentaires sur la caryologie des espèces de "Minuartia" L. de la Péninsule Ibérique

Article

Números cromosomáticos de plantas occidentales, 427-435

Article

Consuelo Díaz de la Guardia Guerrero

Moehringia 13. Seeds exarillate 14 14. Flowers strongly perigynous

........................................ Seeds Arillate.................................................................................. S And C Asia ).................................... Styles

Styles (carpels) 3–5.......................................... 22 13. Seeds arillate..................................... Moehringia 13. Seeds exarillate............................................... 14 14. Flowers strongly perigynous (S and C Asia)............................................................... Thylacospermum 14. Flowers weakly perigynous or hypogynous............. 15

19 16. Stamens 2 Arenaria 17. Capsule 2-toothed Bufonia 18. Plants minute, moss-like; flowers solitary (Chile) Reicheëlla Pax 18. Plants rush-like herbs or subshrubs; flowers not solitary (Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian regions)

16-3

...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Sepals

Sepals and petals 5........................................... 19 16. Stamens 2..................................................... 17 16. Stamens 3–8.................................................. 18 17. Capsule 4-valved or -toothed...................... Arenaria 17. Capsule 2-toothed.................................... Bufonia 18. Plants minute, moss-like; flowers solitary (Chile)........................................................... Reicheëlla Pax 18. Plants rush-like herbs or subshrubs; flowers not solitary (Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian regions).... Bufonia 19. Capsule with 2 valves or teeth................ Lepyrodiclis 19. Capsule with 4 valves or teeth............................. 20 20. Ovules and seeds numerous....................... Arenaria 20. Ovules 2(–5);

Reli-quiae haenkeanae; seu Descriptiones et icones plantarum quas in America meridionali et boreali Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora – 25 miscellaneous species

Jan 1831
13-20

F G Bartling

Bartling, F.G. 1831 ( " 1835 " ). Triplateia. P. 11 in: Presl, C.B., Reli-quiae haenkeanae; seu Descriptiones et icones plantarum quas in America meridionali et boreali, vol. 2(1). Prague: J.G. Calve Beuzenberg, E.J. & Hair, J.B. 1983. Contributions to a chromosome atlas of the New Zealand flora – 25 miscellaneous species. New Zealand J. Bot. 21: 13–20.

Contribution à la cytotaxono-mie du genre Minuartia L. (Caryophyllacées) en Turquie et dans quelques régions voisines

Jan 1982
139

Çelebioglu T.

Çelebioğlu, T. & Favarger, C. 1982. Contribution à la cytotaxono-mie du genre Minuartia L. (Caryophyllacées) en Turquie et dans quelques régions voisines. Biol. Écol. Medit. 9: 139–160.

De plantis in expe-ditione speculatoria Romanzoffiana observatis rationem dicunt

Jan 1826
1-570

A Chamisso
De
D F L Schlechtendal

Chamisso, A. de & Schlechtendal, D.F.L. 1826. De plantis in expe-ditione speculatoria Romanzoffiana observatis rationem dicunt. Linnaea 1(1): 1–570.

Prodromus florae nepalensis

Jan 1825
96-100

D Don

Don, D. 1825. Prodromus florae nepalensis. London: J. Gale. Duke, J.A. 1961. Flora of Panama 4(4): Stellaria L. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 48: 96–100.

Contribution à l’étude cytologique des genres Minuartia et Arenaria.

Jan 1962
53

Favarger C.

Favarger, C. 1962. Contribution à l'étude cytologique des genres Minuartia et Arenaria. Bull. Soc. Neuchâtel. Sci. Nat. 85: 53–81.

Nombres chromosomique de quelque taxa principalement balkaniques du genre Minuartia (L.) Hiern

Jan 1967
280

Favarger C.

Favarger, C. 1967. Nombres chromosomique de quelque taxa princi-palement balkaniques du genre Minuartia (L.) Hiern. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 86: 280–292.

Morphologie et écologie de trois cy-totypes de Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) Schischkin

Jan 1992
91

Favarger C.

Favarger, C. & Garraud, L. 1992. Morphologie et écologie de trois cy-totypes de Minuartia hybrida (Vill.) Schischkin. Bauhinia 10: 91–98.

Números cromosómicos para la flora Española

Jan 1990
288

Gallego M.J.

Gallego, M.J. & Aparicio, A. 1990. Números cromosómicos para la flora Española. Lagascalia 15: 288–295.

Maximum polyphyly: Multiple origins and delimitation with plesiomorphic characters require a new circumscription of Minuartia (Caryophyllaceae)

Abstract

No full-text available

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