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Characterization of Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) Seed and Seed Oil
International Journal of Food Properties
Abstract
In this study, the nutritional composition and phytochemical composition of the rosehip seed, and the fatty acid and sterol compositions of the seed oil were investigated. The rosehip seed contained valuable phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds (2554 μg/g), carotenoids (2.92 μg/g), and ascorbic acid (1798 μg/g). Furthermore, the rosehip-seed oil was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (54.05%), linolenic acid (19.37%), and phytosterols, mainly β-sitosterol (82.1%). The rosehip seed and seed oil were found to have antioxidant activity measured by trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay. It can be concluded that the rosehip seed and seed oil may be utilized as a source of phytonutrients.
... Konca et al. [35] reported that 10% inclusion of rosehip seeds in quail diets improved egg consistency. Chemical characterization shows that the rosehip seeds consisted mainly of carbohydrates (79.2%), although this is a somewhat lower value than the content reported by Ilyasoglu [36], which was 89.07%. Since the carbohydrates in the present study were mainly soluble dietary fibre (71.6%), they can be used as an additive to enrich food with this nutrient or as an ingredient in high-fibre dietary supplements. ...
... Previous research has shown that rosehip seeds contain from 4.91% to 16.05% fat, depending on the ripening stage [12]. Other authors have reported fat content of 6.29 g/100 g [36] and 5.56 g/100 g [38] in rosehip seeds. The total lipid content in the rosehip seeds analyzed in the present study amounted to 6.23 g/100 g (Table 3). ...
... The n-3 and n-6 fatty acids are precursors of eicosanoids, tissue hormones with a broad spectrum of activity, including regulation of inflammatory processes, anticoagulant activity, and reduction of triacylglycerol levels. For this reason, EFAs are ascribed an important role in preventive healthcare, especially in the case of allergic, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases [36,37,41]. Oils with high PUFA content also play an important role in maintaining skin health. ...
Rosa canina is well-known plant, and its fruits have been used for centuries. The seeds have been less utilized and remain untested. The objective of this study was to examine the physico-chemical properties of rosehip seeds and to identify potential applications based on their properties. The physico-chemical properties of the seeds were determined, including swelling index (2.51), color in the CIE L * a * b * space (b * = 26.2), as well as carbohydrate (79.2 g/100 g), soluble dietary fiber (71.6 g/100 g), protein (7.67 g/100 g), fat (6.23 g/100 g), and ash (1.96 g/100 g) content. Among the amino acids, glutamic acid dominated (1.58 mg/100 g), while among the fatty acids, linoleic acid (53.19%), linolenic acid (20.24%), and oleic acid (17.63%) were the most dominant. In addition, rosehip seeds contained large amounts of calcium (3851 mg/kg), potassium (2732 mg/kg), and phosphorus (991 mg/kg), as well as vitamin C (1783 μg/g). It was found that the content of other valuable phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds (2633 μg/g) and carotenoids (3.13 μg/g) influenced the antioxidant properties of the tested raw material. This activity examined by the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and DPPH radical scavenging activity methods was assessed at a level of 191 and 229 μmol TE/g, respectively. The results indicate the potential use of rosehip seed, a by-product of the food processing industry, as a new high-value ingredient for health products, such as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals.
... with supercritical CO 2 extraction. Bearing in mind that the chemical profile of rosehip seed was previously well-investigated [4,16], the composition of the oil was not analyzed in this study. Furthermore, the focus of this study was on the valorization of the remaining defatted rosehip and on determining the phenolic profile of extracts obtained using NADES. ...
... with supercritical CO2 extraction. Bearing in mind that the chemical profile of rosehip seed was previously wellinvestigated [4,16], the composition of the oil was not analyzed in this study. Furthermore, the focus of this study was on the valorization of the remaining defatted rosehip and on determining the phenolic profile of extracts obtained using NADES. ...
... The phenolic content of seeds has been scarcely investigated in previous studies and only the total phenolic content, determined with spectrophotometric analysis, was mainly reported. According to Ilyasoğlu et al. [4], the rosehip seed extract obtained with methanol extraction (with shaking at 250 rpm, at room temperature, for 2 h) contained total phenolic content of 255 μg/g seed. Considering the total sum of identified components, which ranged from 20.52 to 22,799.03 ...
Rosehips are processed and consumed in numerous forms, such as juice, wine, herbal tea, yogurt, preserved fruit, and canned products. The seeds share in fruit is 30–35% and they have recently been recognized as an important source of oil rich in unsaturated fatty acids. However, after defatting, seed waste may still contain some polar polyphenolic compounds, which have been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to examine the potential of the defatted seed waste as a source of polyphenols. For the defatting process, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction at 300 bar and 40 °C was applied. The capacity of eight different natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) for the recovery of phenolics from defatted rosehip seed powder (dRSP) was examined. In the extracts obtained with ultrasound-assisted NADES extraction, twenty-one phenolic compounds were identified with LC-MS/MS, among which the most abundant were quinic acid (22.43 × 103 µg/g dRSP) and catechin (571.93 µg/g dRSP). Ternary NADES formulations based on lactic acid proved to be superior. Potential correlations between identified chemical compounds, solvent polarity and viscosity, as well as the compound distributions across studied solvent combinations in PCA hyperspace, were also investigated. PCA demonstrated that more polar NADES mixtures showed improved extraction potential. The established environmentally friendly process represents an approach of transforming rosehip seed waste into value-added products with the potential to be applied in the food industry and to contribute to sustainable production.
... Among all the rosa species, R. canina and R. rugosa are commonly known as wild rose and field rose respectively, and are cultivated for commercial use (Kayahan, Ozdemir, & Gulbag, 2023;Patel, 2013). R. canina is found growing as a shrub in the fields of Western Asia, North America and Europe whereas R. rugosa is native to Korea and Japan (Ilyasoglu, 2014;Kayahan et al., 2023;Milic et al., 2020). ...
... A significant amount of unsaturated fatty acids are present in RSO with high amounts of α-linolenic (16.6-26.5 %), linoleic (35.9-54.8 %), and oleic (14.7-22.1 %) acids among others such as palmitoleic acid, gadoleic acid, etc. are present in minor quantities (Grajzer et al., 2015;Ilyasoglu, 2014;Kayahan et al., 2023;Turan, Solak, Kiralan, & Ramadan, 2018Guney, 2020. The variation in the fatty acid composition of the RSO varies with the type of extraction process. ...
... The composition of the fatty acids present in the seeds also determine the oxidative stability of oils. Presence of high amount of linolenic, oleic and linoleic acids in RSO make it susceptible to lipid oxidation (Ilyasoglu, 2014;Simopoulos et al., 2016). Seeds should be harvested at right time as study has shown that seeds which ripened late during the season contained higher amount of fat and linoleic acid content which also increased as the fruit ripened (between 50.6 and 54.3 %) whereas linolenic acid content reduced with ripening (between 25.2 and 19.3 %) (Kulaitiene et al., 2020). ...
... Furthermore, rosehip seeds, as a waste (by-product) from the manufacture of rosehip juice or syrup, contain 4.9-17.8% of fatty oil [3]. R. canina seed oil contains polyunsaturated fatty acids, palmitic, stearic, oleic, arachidic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, tocopherols, squalenes, minerals, and phytosterols, particularly β-sitosterol [4,5]. Plant oil with a high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids possesses the potential health benefits but shows a higher susceptibility to lipid oxidation, as well [6]. ...
... In our previous study [15], the liposomes with sterols showed a higher fluidity, thus a better mobility. Given that the R. canina seed oil possessed phytosterols, mainly β-sitosterol-82.1% [4], it can be the explanation for the higher mobility of the oil-loaded liposomes, compared to the plain liposomes (−1.79 ± 0.03 µmcm/Vs, Table 1). However, the UV irradiation has caused a significant influence on the zeta potential, conductivity, and mobility of the oil-loaded liposomes. ...
... The fingerprint region of the Raman spectra of the rosehip oil includes essential bands which correlate with the most important parts of the fatty acids' molecular structure and the region well known to characterize the unsaturation level of the fatty acid chain [49,50]. According to the literature, the dominant compounds in the R. canina seed oil are unsaturated acids, including linoleic, α-linolenic, and oleic acids, while linoleic acid possesses the highest percentage [4,51,52]. Moreover, saturated fatty acids, such as palmitic and stearic acids, are presented in a lower percentage [53]. ...
Rosa canina L. seeds are rich in bioactive components that can add value to the various formulations. The focus of the study was the development of liposomes for R. canina oil to protect its sensitive compounds and prolong their shelf-life. Oil-loaded liposomes were characterized via the determination of the particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, conductivity, mobility, density, surface tension, viscosity, and stability. Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy were employed to investigate the chemical composition of the non-treated and UV-treated samples, and the presence of different interactions. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were examined as well. The liposome size was 970.4 ± 37.4 nm, the PDI 0.438 ± 0.038, the zeta potential −32.9 ± 0.8 mV, the conductivity 0.068 ± 0.002 mS/cm, the mobility −2.58 ± 0.06 µmcm/Vs, the density 0.974 ± 0.004 g/cm³, the surface tension 17.2 ± 1.4 mN/m, and the viscosity 13.5 ± 0.2 mPa•s. The Raman and FT-IR spectra showed the presence of lipids, fatty acids, polyphenols, and carotenoids. It was approved that the oil compounds were distributed inside the phospholipid bilayer and were combined with the membrane interface of the bilayer. The UV irradiation did not cause any chemical changes. However, neither the pure oil nor the oil-loaded liposomes showed any antimicrobial potential, while the antioxidant capacity of the oil-loaded liposomes was significantly low. The sizes of the liposomes did not change significantly during 60 days of storage. Due to the proven stability of the oil-loaded liposomes, as well as the liposome’s ability to protect the sensitive oil compounds, their potential application in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations could be investigated with a focus on the skin regeneration effects.
... Rosehip seeds contain phytochemicals such as carotenoids (2.92 μg/g), phenolic compounds (2554 μg/g), and ascorbic acid (1798 μg/g). Moreover, rosehip-seed oil is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (Ilyasoğlu, 2014). Rosehip is valued in various production processes due to its numerous nutritional and health benefits, including its use intreating infections, inflammatory illnesses, flu, chronic pain and in skin care and antiulcer therapies (Guimarães et al., 2010). ...
... mg GAE/g (Macit et al., 2023). In contrast, a study on rosehip seeds from Gumushane, Türkiye found 2.55 mg GAE/g (Ilyasoğlu, 2014), and in Pakruojis District, Lithuania, rosehip seeds had a range from 130.04 to 207.31 mg GAE/100 g for five different species (Medveckienė et al., 2020). Similarly, regarding pumpkin seeds, Nigerian seeds dried at 40°C had a TPC of 32.90 mg GAE/g (Akomolafe et al., 2016). ...
Food waste is a significant problem worldwide. These food wastes, often discarded without any preliminary processing, can be rich in bioactive substances. In this study, the aim was to identify the phenolic compounds in pumpkin, rosehip and pomegranate seeds, which are frequently consumed in winter. For this purpose, ultrasonically assisted methanolic extracts were prepared from seeds separated from other waste parts (such as shells, stems, and leaves). The results indicated that pomegranate seeds had the highest total phenolic content, with 45.6±3.1 mg GAE/g sample (P<0.05). Similarly, pomegranate seeds also showed the highest total antioxidant capacity in both CUPRAC (114.7±2.6 mg torolox/g sample) and DPPH (71.2±3.8 mg torolox/g sample) analyses (P<0.05). In phenolic profiling analysis using HPLC-PDA, syringic acid was the most abundant compound in pumpkin seeds, (-)-catechin in rosehip seeds, and punicalagin derivatives in pomegranate seeds.
... Rosehip oil is vulnerable to lipid oxidation. Rosehip oil could be a valuable source of omega fatty acids owing to its high percentage of PUFA and linolenic acid to the linoleic acid ratio (Ilyasoglu, 2015). Szentmihályi et al. (2002) extracted rosehip oil with 54.75 % (w/w) linoleic acid content. ...
... The fatty acid analysis of yogurt is given in Fig. 3b. The rosehip seed oil contains high concentrations of linoleic (54.05 %) and linolenic acid (19.37 %) (Ilyasoglu, 2015). Initially, YR had a higher number of fatty acids including stearic acid (C:18), oleic acid (C18:1), and palmitic acid (C16). ...
... Previous study finds that polyphenol Ralitsa B. Mladenova ralitsa@ic.bas.bg content in Rosa canina seeds was higher than in flesh, while carotenoids and ascorbic acid were with significantly higher concentrations in flesh [7,9]. ...
... Approximately 0.5 g of rosehip defatted seeds were weighted accurately, transferred to extraction tube and then mixed with 40 mL of the solvent (60% acetone acidified with 0.5% formic acid). The previous investigations show that acetone is the most suitable solvent for the extraction of antioxidant compounds from the rosehip seed [9]. The samples were extracted for 1 h at room temperature using a magnetic stirrer (VELP Scientifica Srl, Italy). ...
Rosehip seeds (RS) are rich in important dietary antioxidants such as polyphenolic substances, vitamins and carotenoids. In the present study dried RS samples were exposed to gamma-irradiation at doses of 10 and 25 kGy. Free radicals, induced in seeds by ionizing rays and their time stability were investigated. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) study revealed that carbon-centered radicals from the cellulose are generated in the samples irradiated by both doses, in addition spectrum, attributed to starch free radicals was observed at 25 kGy irradiated seeds. The EPR signals were reduced significantly for 120 days after treatment. The effect of irradiation on antiradical activity of rosehip defatted seed extracts was evaluated using the stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results show that free radical scavenging activity increased in irradiated rosehip seeds samples with approximately 19% compared to that of untreated seeds. For evaluation of antiradical activity of the sample extracts before and after irradiation the IC50 as well as Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) value were calculated.
... Nowadays, modern roses (created by artificial hybridization) bear great importance for floriculture (as roses are commercially the most important cut flower on the global market), landscape horticulture, agriculture and agrotourism, as well as for various types of related industries 2,3 . Some roses are cultivated for their flowers (dried for tea, fresh for essential oil, absolute and concrete extraction), while others are cultivated for fruit (rosehips) 4,5 . ...
... According to the unrooted cluster tree (Fig. 2), there are several possible chemotypes of Rosa sp. essential oils: (1) with dominant citronellol, the most abundant chemotype in this study (10 accessions); (2) with dominant Table 1) and comparison with results from this study aliphatic hydrocarbons (heptacosane, tricosane, nonadecane, and nonadecene); (3) a combination of aliphatic hydrocarbons and monoterpenes (geraniol and citronellol), (4) with dominant eugenol; and (5) unspecific class (contains β-phellandrene, phenylethyl alcohol, hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol) and geranyl acetate). Such heterogeneity of volatile profiles of R. hybrida is not surprising. ...
Rose essential oil is one of the most valuable and pivotal raw materials in the
perfume industry. However, the limited yield of essential oil in rose flowers
increased the interest of both breeders and scientists to create and discover
species that have potential for multifaceted applications aiming to increase the
economic viability of rose cultivation. Consequently, garden roses (Rosa hybrida)
through ongoing development emerge as possibly profitable for cultivation and
processing. This opens possibilities for numerous applications in both food and
pharmaceutical industries. The main objective of this study was to identify the
essential oil composition of R. hybrida cv. Mileva and compare it against essential
oil chemical compositions of 32 accessions of other non-commercial (wild and
hybrid) roses available literature. The dominant compound detected in R. hybrida
cv. Mileva essential oil was geranyl acetate (47.9%), followed by nonadecane and
heneicosane. It was shown that the essential oil possesses moderate antimicrobial
activity, good antioxidant potential and strong anti-inflammatory activity.
... 6 Natural compounds have shown promise in the treatment of scars and skin disorders. 7 Rosehip oil (RO) is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. It is produced from the pressed fruit of the rosehip (Rosa canina L.) plant, and the primary constituents of the oil are linolenic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid. ...
... The wound healing effects may be due to the compound's antioxidant and antimicrobial properties attributed to its chemical composition, including fatty acids, polyphenols, vitamins B, C, and E, and carotenoids.6,14 However, the composition of RO can differ based on environmental factors influencing the plant's growth and the process through which the oil is extracted and processed.7 RO products are typically manufactured through the process of cold pressing the oil from the seed or fruit. ...
Background:
Each year, over 100 million patients are afflicted with new scars from medical procedures worldwide. Natural compounds have shown promise in the treatment of scars and skin disorders. Rosehip oil (RO), produced from the pressed fruit of the rosehip (Rosa canina L.) plant, is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. The use of this plant in the treatment of scars has yet to be reviewed.
Aims:
This review aims to analyze the current findings on the use of RO in the treatment of postsurgical scars.
Methods:
This literature search considered published journal articles (clinical trials or literature reviews). Studies were identified by searching electronic databases (PubMed and MEDLINE) and reference lists of respective articles. Additional articles were identified through Google Scholar. Only articles available in English were included in this review.
Results:
There is a scarcity of high-quality studies assessing the therapeutic potential of RO. From the two human clinical trials using RO, there is some evidence to suggest its potential as an active ingredient in topical formulations for the treatment of wounds. Topical treatments containing RO extract may reduce the size and erythema of postsurgical scars through the polarization of macrophages and the inhibition of inflammatory cytokines.
Conclusions:
Some evidence suggests that RO may improve postsurgical scars. At present, there is insufficient evidence to recommend the use of RO for the treatment of wounds. Further investigation is required to establish its therapeutic effects on human skin and its potential use as an ingredient in topical formulations.
... It has prophylactic and therapeutic effects against colds, infectious diseases, digestive disorders, urinary tract diseases and inflammatory diseases Wenzig et al., 2008). Rosehip powder has been shown in clinical studies to reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis (Christensen et al., 2008;Ilyasoğlu, 2014). ...
... The lipid fraction of rosehip seeds consists of many polyunsaturated fatty acids (Szentmihalyi et al., 2007). Rosehip oil is utilized in cosmetology to deal with pores and skin disorders (Ilyasoğlu, 2014). ...
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... It has prophylactic and therapeutic effects against colds, infectious diseases, digestive disorders, urinary tract diseases and inflammatory diseases Wenzig et al., 2008). Rosehip powder has been shown in clinical studies to reduce symptoms of osteoarthritis (Christensen et al., 2008;Ilyasoğlu, 2014). ...
... The lipid fraction of rosehip seeds consists of many polyunsaturated fatty acids (Szentmihalyi et al., 2007). Rosehip oil is utilized in cosmetology to deal with pores and skin disorders (Ilyasoğlu, 2014). ...
Medicinal and aromatic plants have been used in the prevention and treatment of diseases since ancient times. Today, they have been used in the production diverse commodities such as food, perfumery, cosmetics, medicine, textile, spices, paints, and pesticides. Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer in men. Early treatment of prostate cancer becomes important, and it becomes important to develop different treatment methods.
This chapter envisaged to represent the work performed on caper (Capparis spinosa L.), carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna L.), quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa L.), rosehip (Rosa canina L.), golden grass (Helichrysum arenarium L.), mallow (Malva parviflora L.), stevia (Stevia rebaudiana L.), gojiberry (Lycium barbarum L.), and coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Extracts obtained from these plants will be characterized by mass spectrometry and their activities will then be screened on some of the important proteins cancer (Protein Data bank ID: 3RUK, 6XXP, 3A99, 3G1R, 2AMA and 3EQM) by molecular docking approach. Afterwards, ADME/T properties of the promising extract components will be characterized.
... The biological activity of plant seeds depends upon their bioactive secondary compounds like phenolics and flavonoids, and their anti-microbial and anti-oxidant activity as well. The anti-oxidant compounds found in seeds play a significant role in protecting against chronic diseases and oxidative stress [101]. Similarly, actinobacterial inoculation displayed a crucial role in enhancing seed antioxidant properties through modulating stress-responsive gene expression and strengthening the anti-oxidant defense system [99]. ...
The need for improving plant production, nutritional value, and medicinal applications has become increasingly important due to the growing global population. The caraway (Carum carvi L) plant has been recognized for its broad range of nutritional and therapeutic uses. Consequently, this study aimed to increase caraway seeds’ nutritional and biological value. To achieve this, the Actinopolyspora sp. JTT-0 strain, isolated from the medicinal plant Tephrosia purpurea, was investigated for its potential biofortification role to enhance caraway yield and quality. Our results revealed significant improvements (p < 0.05) in various physical parameters, such as seed yield, pod length, and bulk density, in the treated seeds compared to the controls. Along with the yield increase, there were notable elevations in primary metabolites such as total sugars, proteins, and amino acids. Furthermore, secondary metabolites, including essential oils (EOs), alkaloids, steroids, phenols, and vitamins (e.g., tocopherol and ascorbic acid), also showed significant increases. Notably, the EO constituents showed varying levels of enhancements, with the highest increases in β-pinene (186.2%) and carvacrol (49.2%). Moreover, the treated seeds exhibited improved biological activity, as evidenced by their anti-oxidant (anti-lipid peroxidation and DPPH assays) and anti-microbial properties compared to the controls. The study reported a positive biofortification effect of the Actinopolyspora sp. JTT-01 strain on enhancing caraway seed’s quality and yield. However, additional field trials are needed to evaluate the commercial biofertilization capacity of this strain for caraway and other plants.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-025-06137-1.
... In contrast, hemp oil is particularly known for its balancing and calming effects, making it an excellent choice for soothing sensitive or irritated skin. Passion fruit oil, on the other hand, is distinguished by its exceptional hydrating and soothing properties, which contribute to maintaining skin moisture and preventing dryness [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. ...
Caffeic, syringic, and protocatechuic acids are phenolic acids with important antioxidant activity. In this work we studied how the oxidative stability of rosehip, hemp, and passion fruit oils improves with the addition of these antioxidant acids. We used the BQC-Redox System method to measure the antioxidant activity of oils and phenolic acids, and compared these results with other methods described in the literature. In addition, principal components analysis was used to show the relationship between oxidant activity and fatty acids in the oils studied. The results show, in most cases, the improvement of oxidative stability of oils by addition of phenolic acids, and that oxidative stability is determined by the molecular structure of phenolic acids, solubility of oils, the composition of oils in fatty acids, and the influence of temperature in stabilizing phenolic acids and oils. In addition, we support that the BQC-Redox System (BRS) is a suitable method to measure antioxidant activity.
... Rosehip seeds contain about 10-15% oil, which consists of different fatty acids including linolenic, linoleic, palmitic, oleic, and stearic acids [5]. Its main unsaturated fatty acids are linolenic and linoleic acids, and its main saturated fatty acid is palmitic acid, which is mainly used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and health industries [6]. In addition, rosehip fruit contains bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds (ellagic acid, gallic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, resveratrol), flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, anthocyanins, catechin, procyanidins, and quercetin [7,8]. ...
Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) is a perennial medicinal plant from the Rosaceae family. Due to its important bioactive compounds and oil, its use in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries is expanding. As elicitation is an effective strategy for the production of secondary metabolites and oil, this study aimed to investigate the exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) (0, 1, 2, and 3 mM) and jasmonic acid (JA) (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mM) on the accumulation and production of oil, the profile of seed fatty acids, as well as the content of phenolic acids, vitamin C, total carotenoid, anthocyanin, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content of rosehip pericarp. Based on the results, applying SA and JA externally increased the seed oil content by 32.57% compared to the control. The treatment of 3 mM SA and 1.5 mM JA resulted in the highest (11.68%) seed oil content. Eicosanoic acid and palmitic acid production increased under this treatment, while the amount of linoleic acid decreased as the concentrations of SA and JA increased. There was a significant increase in the amount of phenolic acids in rosehip pericarp extract under the influence of SA and JA treatments. Spraying with 3 mM SA and 1.5 mM JA increased vitamin C content and total phenol content by 50.44% and 39.13%, respectively, compared to the control. Additionally, the treatment of 2 mM SA and 1.5 mM JA resulted in the highest total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, and total carotenoid. These results suggest that using appropriate concentrations of SA and JA as biodegradable, fast, and cost-effective stimulants can be a suitable solution for increasing the production of seed oil content and secondary metabolites of rosehip extract on a large scale, supplying raw material for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries.
... Rosehip oil, traditionally used for skin care, has recently shown novel pharmacological features. This oil, derived from the seeds of Rosa canina sp., is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and phytosterols, particularly β-sitosterol [81]. Studies have assessed the efficacy of rosehip extract against various cancer cell lines, including colon, lung, prostate, cervix, liver, brain, and breast, suggesting its potential use in chemotherapy. ...
... Apple waste (peels, seeds, and pulp) is rich in TPC and TFC, with varying levels of K, Ca, and Mg [111]. Rosehip meal and seeds offer a high dry matter content and are rich in antioxidants, including high levels of PUFA, with substantial amounts of vitamin C and carotenoids [6,112]. The co-products of raspberry and blackberry (Rubus spp.) leaves have been recently shown to have a high dry matter content and are rich in proteins, fibers, and essential minerals. ...
As global demand increases for poultry products, innovative feeding strategies that reduce resource efficiency and improve food safety are urgently needed. This paper explores the potential of alternative sustainable poultry feeding strategies aimed at achieving SDG2 (Zero Hunger) while increasing production performance and food quality, focusing on the potential recycling of by-products, plants, and food waste derived from fruits, vegetables, and seeds, which account for up to 35% annually. The paper provides a review analysis of the nutritional (protein, fat, fiber, and ash) and minerals (i.e., calcium, phosphorus, zinc, manganese, copper, and iron) content as well as the bioactive compounds (polyphenols, antioxidants, carotenoids, fatty acids, and vitamins) of alternative feed ingredients, which can contribute to resource efficiency, reduce dependency on conventional feeds, and lower production costs by 25%. The nutritional benefits of these alternative feed ingredients, including their effects on poultry production and health, and their potential for improving poultry product quality, are presented. Carrot, paprika, rosehip, and some berry waste represent a great source of carotenoids, polyphenols, and vitamins, while the seed meals (flax, rapeseed, and sea buckthorn) have been reported to enhance the essential fatty acid composition in eggs and meat. Numerous plants (basil, sage, rosemary, and lettuce) are natural reservoirs of bioactive compounds with benefits for both animal and food products. Some challenges in implementing these alternative sustainable feeding strategies, including inconsistencies in quality and availability, the presence of anti-nutrients, and regulatory barriers, are also explored. In conclusion, future research directions in sustainable poultry feeding with alternative feed ingredients should be considered to achieve SDG2.
... Aronia melanocarpa seed oil Tired, mature skin; exfoliating, soothing for irritated skin after depilation and sunbathing [7,30] Sambucus nigra seed oil Antioxidant properties; anti-ageing and revitalising cosmetics and products for dyed hair [30] Ribes nigrum seed oil Protective and antioxidant properties; anti-wrinkle ingredient, strongly regenerating and intensively conditioning; dry and sensitive skin; psoriasis, atopic dermatitis [27,30] Rosa canina seed oil Wound healing and antioxidant properties; high potential to act as natural UV filters, skin vitaliser, and skin barrier repairing; post-surgical scars (reduces atrophy, dyschromia, and discolouration); for sensitive skin; anti-ageing, anti-cellulite cosmetics [27,[30][31][32][33][34] Ficus carica seed oil Dry, ageing skin; anti-cellulite and massage; hair styling and shine products [30,35] Punica granatum seed oil Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties regenerating, revitalising, firming, anti-ageing, discolouring activity; effectively soothing sunburnt skin and minor skin injuries; high potential to act as natural UV filters; mature, dry, and peeling skin; used for the treatment of Acne rosacea and Acne vulgaris, psoriasis, eczema [5,30,31,34,36] Trigonella foenum-graecum seed oil Couperose skin requiring revitalisation; supports epidermal regeneration after dermatological treatments; antimicrobial agent; prevents greasy scalp and hair loss [30,37] Papaver rhoeas seed oil Sensitive and vascular skin; anti-cellulite cosmetics and products for hair which is greasy at the roots and dry at the ends [30] Daucus carota sativa seed oil Regenerative activity; dry, ageing skin with pigmentation disorders; products for the scalp, hair and weakened nails; high potential to act as natural UV filters [30,[38][39][40] Perilla ocymoides seed oil Anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, antioxidant activity; skin with visible signs of fatigue, oily skin, and acne; products for rough hair and hair in need of regeneration [30] INCI, International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients. ...
Plant oils are currently not only an essential element of the healthy eating pyramid, but also a valuable cosmetic material, which, in line with the eco-friendly trends of recent years, is effectively replacing petroleum-derived fatty ingredients. The fatty acids, phenolic compounds, pigments, and vitamins (e.g., A and E) present in plant oils contribute to their health-promoting properties, including antioxidant activity. This study assessed the contents of carotenoids and chlorophylls, as well as the antioxidant properties of 10 selected plant oils. Fenugreek seed oil was shown to have the highest total content of carotenoids, and the most β-carotene. Chokeberry and rosehip oils also contained large amounts of provitamin A, in comparison to the other oils tested. Lycopene was the dominant compound in black currant and rosehip seed oils. Among chlorophyll pigments, elderberry oil had the highest content of chlorophyll a, while black currant oil had large amounts of both chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. The antioxidant properties of the cold pressed oils obtained from selected seeds and fruit stones, assessed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy as the ability to interact with the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical, can be ranked as follows: pomegranate > fenugreek > poppy > black currant > chokeberry > rosehip > perilla > elderberry > carrot > fig. The results of this study showed that these plant oils are valuable natural materials with antioxidant properties, which can be an important complement to synthetic antioxidants due to their additional skin care properties.
... Rosehip, also known as rose haw, is a fruit of various rose plants used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries and has been encapsulated in phospholipid liposomes using the single-step pro-liposome method [30]. Rosehip is also considered for its preventive and curative properties against a wide range of renal, inflammatory, gut, and gastric diseases [31], as well as for its antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic, mild laxative, diuretic, anti-cancer, and positive effects on dermatoses, ulcers, and skin diseases [32,33]. Various studies have been conducted to identify the chemical composition of components such as polyphenols, flavonoids, fatty acids, and specific lipid classes in ginger, lemon peel, and orange peel samples using GC-MS, LC-MS, and other methods [17,24,25]. ...
Herbal teas are blends of leaves, seeds, fruits, and flowers from various plants that provide relaxation, anti-inflammatory benefits, and immune system support for conditions such as diabetes and asthma. Despite their health benefits, comprehensive lipidomic data on herbal teas are limited in the literature. We used non-targeted liquid chromatography–linear ion trap orbitrap mass spectrometry to identify and correlate the lipid species in the following six herbal tea samples: fennel, ginger, juniper, lemon peel, orange peel, and rosehip. A total of 204 lipid molecular species were identified, and multivariate analysis revealed a significant difference between lipid species in herbal teas. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are significantly abundant in juniper, including ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids, followed by fennel. Cluster correlations showed that ginger contained mainly sphingolipids and lysophospholipids, whereas fennel was rich in phospholipids. No significant variations in the content of triacylglycerols were observed in any of the herbal teas analyzed. The ratio of PUFAs to SFAs in herbal teas showed that orange peel had the highest ratio, followed by lemon peel and fennel, indicating their potential health benefits. In addition, using high-resolution mass spectrometry, various lipids such as fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids and N-acyl-lysophosphatidylethanolamines were identified and characterized in these herbal teas. This study provides a comprehensive lipid analysis and detailed characterization of lipids in six herbal teas, highlighting their plausible applications in the field of nutrition and various food industries for the development of functional foods.
... This oil is important because, due to its phenolic compounds, it has a greater antioxidant capacity than other vegetable oils, such as grape seed oil and pomegranate seed oil. Rosehip oil also has a higher level of linolenic acid than vegetable oils, such as canola and soybean, which are the primary dietary sources of linolenic acid [13]. ...
Featured Application
In this study, taking advantage of their bioactive properties, rosehip nanocapsules were applied to pork marinating systems to obtain marinated products with added value and improved texture. An evaluation of the changes in collagen is a good reference associated with these enhancements.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to prepare zein–gum Arabic nanocapsules with rosehip oil (NC-RH), apply them to pork tenderloin, and analyze the changes in collagen structure under different conditions (pH 6.5 and 4.0) and temperatures (25 °C and 4 °C). NC-RHs were prepared using the nanoprecipitation method. Nanocapsules had a particle size of 423 ± 4.1 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.125 ± 3.1, a zeta potential value of −20.1 ± 0.41 mV, an encapsulation efficiency of 75.84 ± 3.1%, and backscattering (ΔBS = 10%); the antioxidant capacity of DPPH was 1052 ± 4.2 µM Eq Trolox and the radical scavenging capacity was 84 ± 0.4%. The dispersions exhibited Newtonian behavior at 25 °C and 4 °C. Incorporating NC-RH into acid marination benefited the tenderness, water-holding capacity, and collagen swelling, and favored changes in myofibrillar proteins corroborated with histological tests. The conditions with the best changes in pork tenderloin were a pH of 4.0 at 4 °C with an NC-RH-administered 11.47 ± 2.2% collagen area. Incorporating rosehip nanocapsules modifies collagen fibers and can be applied in pork marinades to increase the shelf life of a functional product.
... Increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables to the recommended level may result in a noticeable and measurable effect, as well as improve mental well-being [9]. The most appropriate and effective in this direction is dog rose, which is rich in mono-and disaccharides, vitamins, minerals, carotene, pectin, phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, etc. [10]. ...
In the daily diet, bread is an excellent carrier of nutrients to replenish the body. In this direction, as an additive, dog rose syrup (DRS) can be indispensable for the production of a wide range of bakery products. One of the factors limiting the widespread use of DRS in baking production is the insufficient knowledge of its biological value and changes in the share of nutrients in the technological process. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to analyze the nutritional value, vitamin and mineral composition of wheat flour "Azamatli-95" of the first grade (A95WF), DRS from the variety "R.canina", and bread with the addition of DRS. It was found that with the addition of 5, 10 and 15 % DRS to A95WF in bread samples, the content in g/100 g significantly increases: glucose (0.09±0.05), fructose (0.15±0.08), sucrose (0.02±0.01) and phenolic compounds (0.38±0.1); in mg/100 g: beta-caro-tene (0.152±0.076), vitamin C (33.6±16.3), potassium (40.07±20.03), magnesium (36.49±18.25), phosphorus (20.94±10.47); in µg/100 g: iron (128.86±64.43) and zinc (18.95±9.47) and the content in g/100 g slightly increases: starch, proteins and raffinose (0.01±0.01), cellulose (0.04±0.02), pectin substances (0.03±0.01); in mg/100 g: thiamine (0.006±0.003), riboflavin (0.013±0.006), niacin (0.015±0.008), calcium (5.39±2.7), sodium (1.25±0.62), sulfur (5.99±2.99); in µg/100 g: iodine (0.42±0.21), cobalt (0.62±0.31) with deviation from the best bread with the addition of 10 % DRS to A95WF. The resulting regression equations (АЕ<7 %) make it possible to predict and establish a relationship between the shares of changes in significantly changing nutrients , vitamins and minerals in the technological process and the increase in their content in bread Кeywords: wheat flour, rosehip syrup, bread with the additive, ascorbic acid, phe-nolic compounds, beta-carotene UDC 664.66.016.8
... Rosehip seed oil (RHSO), derived from the seeds of wild rose shrubs, exerts a multitude of biological functions that have contributed to its reputation in skincare and health (Mármol et al., 2017;Ayati et al., 2018;Belkhelladi and Bougrine, 2023). RHSO is renowned for its high content of essential unsaturated fatty acids, which help to maintain the skin's barrier functions, promoting moisture retention and reducing transepidermal water loss (Ilyasoğlu, 2014;Lin et al., 2017). In addition, RHSO's vitamin components, particularly vitamin A and vitamin C, contribute to skin rejuvenation and collagen synthesis, resulting in the reduction of fine lines and wrinkles (Phetcharat et al., 2015;Valerón-Almazán et al., 2015;Lei et al., 2019). ...
Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) seeds, a by-product of the food processing industry, contain various bioactive compounds that have potential cosmetic and pharmacological applications. Rosehip seed oil (RHSO) has been shown to exert therapeutic effects in skin disorders, but its role in promoting hair growth remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the hair growth-promoting activity of RHSO and the related mechanisms of action. The depleted dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL/6 mice was topically treated with RHSO for 21 days, and the extent of hair regrowth was assessed. The results indicated that RHSO stimulated hair growth by inducing the early transition of hair follicles from telogen to anagen phase. Histological analysis revealed significant increases in hair follicle density, hair bulb size, and skin thickness. RHSO treatment also upregulated the expression of hair growth-associated genes, including β-catenin, phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, Sonic hedgehog, smoothened, cyclin D1, cyclin E, and insulin like growth factor 1. These findings suggest that RHSO stimulates hair growth and may show promise as a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for hair loss.
... Rosehip oil is made from the seed of Rosa canina sp. and is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and phytosterols such as β-sitosterol. 88 Recently, some authors assessed the extract of rosehip against different cancer cell lines, including colon, lung, prostate, cervix, liver, brain, and breast, suggesting its potential role in chemotherapy. 25,89 After treating these cancer cell lines with whole rose hip extract or purified fractions of its most important components, all studies have reported a noticeable decline in cell viability. ...
Purpose
Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide affecting more than 19 million people. Traditional cancer therapies have many adverse effects and often result in unsatisfactory outcomes. Natural flavones, such as apigenin (APG), have demonstrated excellent antitumoral properties. However, they have a low aqueous solubility. To overcome this drawback, APG can be encapsulated in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). Therefore, we developed dual NLC encapsulating APG (APG-NLC) with a lipid matrix containing rosehip oil, which is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.
Methods
Optimisation, physicochemical characterisation, biopharmaceutical behaviour, and therapeutic efficacy of this novel nanostructured system were assessed.
Results
APG-NLC were optimized obtaining an average particle size below 200 nm, a surface charge of −20 mV, and an encapsulation efficiency over 99%. The APG-NLC released APG in a sustained manner, and the results showed that the formulation was stable for more than 10 months. In vitro studies showed that APG-NLC possess significant antiangiogenic activity in ovo and selective antiproliferative activity in several cancer cell lines without exhibiting toxicity in healthy cells.
Conclusion
APG-NLC containing rosehip oil were optimised. They exhibit suitable physicochemical parameters, storage stability for more than 10 months, and prolonged APG release. Moreover, APG-NLC were internalised inside tumour cells, showing the capacity to cause cytotoxicity in cancer cells without damaging healthy cells.
... Rosehip fruits are rich sources of bioactive compounds, phytonutrients, and minerals (Murathan et al. 2016b). Due to these compounds, their fruits and seeds have been used for their prophylactic and therapeutic effects against infectious and inflammatory diseases, diabetes, gastrointestinal diseases, colds, diarrhea, and urinary tract diseases (Ilyasoğlu 2014). A daily consumption of 45 g of rosehip powder lowers serum levels of C-reactive protein and ceratin in patients with osteoarthritis (Szentmihályi et al. 2002). ...
The use of alternative flour in the production of cereal products such as bread
can improve the functional and nutritional properties of bread. However, the
addition of substitute flour to wheat flour may have some technological, sensory,
and rheological disadvantages. To eliminate these problems, alternative flours
should be used in different proportions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the
remaining proportions of hemp, safflower and rosehip seeds after oil extraction
and to determine their chemical properties (protein, fat, ash) and to investigate
the effect on rheological dough properties with Mixolab when used as a
substitute for wheat flour. Accordingly, safflower, hemp and rosehip seed flour
were added to wheat flour in five different amounts (5, 7.5, 10, 15 and 20%), focusing on displacement. The addition of flour increased the protein, fat, ash,
phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity. It was found that the addition of 10%
safflower and hemp seed flour and 7.5% rosehip seed flour had a positive effect
on rheological properties. For all three flour additions, the dough development
time, stability, and percent protein softening values increased, while water
holding capacity decreased. Flours added at 15% or more began to negatively
affect the rheological properties. This study shows that 3 different flours, which
can be added up to 10%, improve the rheological properties, chemically enrich
them and improve their functional properties.
... Rosehip is known for its preventive and curative activities against a wide range of renal, inflammatory, gout, and gastric diseases [1]. Several studies have shown that rosehip and its constituents possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, mild laxative, diuretic, and anti-cancerogenic properties and have a positive effect on dermatoses, ulcers, and other skin diseases [2][3][4][5]. Therefore, rosehip extracts are becoming popular in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and agro-food industries. ...
In the present study, rosehip (Rosa canina L.) extract was successfully encapsulated in phospholipid liposomes using a single-step procedure named the proliposome method. Part of the obtained liposomes was subjected to UV irradiation and non-treated (native) and UV-irradiated liposomes were further characterized in terms of encapsulation efficiency, chemical composition (HPLC analysis), antioxidant capacity, particle size, PDI, zeta potential, conductivity, mobility, and antioxidant capacity. Raman spectroscopy as well as DSC analysis were applied to evaluate the influence of UV irradiation on the physicochemical properties of liposomes. The encapsulation efficiency of extract-loaded liposomes was higher than 90%; the average size was 251.5 nm; the zeta potential was −22.4 mV; and the conductivity was found to be 0.007 mS/cm. UV irradiation did not cause a change in the mentioned parameters. In addition, irradiation did not affect the antioxidant potential of the liposome–extract system. Raman spectroscopy indicated that the extract was completely covered by the lipid membrane during liposome entrapment, and the peroxidation process was minimized by the presence of rosehip extract in liposomes. These results may guide the potential application of rosehip extract-loaded liposomes in the food, pharmaceutical, or cosmetic industries, particularly when liposomal sterilization is needed.
... Rosehip (Rosa canina L.) is a pseudofruit derived from the rose plant, scientifically recognized for its abundance of polyphenols, vitamin C, and a diverse array of bioactive compounds [1][2][3]. Most often found as a wild shrub, Rosa canina L. is now gaining popularity as an industrial crop [4]. ...
The resurgence of mead, a honey-based fermented beverage, is attributed to the increasing consumption of fermented foods and beverages, driven by its distinct flavors and perceived health benefits. This study investigates the influence of different yeast strains, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. bayanus, and Torulaspora delbrueckii, on the volatile and phenolic compounds of these beverages. Analytical techniques, including HPLC-DAD and GS/MS, were employed to analyze the chemical composition of the beverages. ANOVA analysis of variance was conducted to assess differences in the volatile and phenolic compounds. The findings reveal that yeast selection significantly impacts the chemical profiles of the beverages. Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation preserves rosehip-specific flavonoids and phenolic acids. Sequential fermentation with Torulaspora delbrueckii demonstrated proficiency in generating esters, contributing to fruity and floral aromas in the beverages. This study investigates the importance of yeast selection in shaping the chemical composition of rosehip mead, providing insights into the distinct characteristics conferred by different yeast strains. By optimizing yeast selection and fermentation techniques, the overall quality and diversity of these beverages can be enhanced.
... Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) has been substituted in some cases by vitamin C, a key physiological antioxidant. According to various studies, carotenoids and flavonoids increase vitamin C's stability and bioavailability in humans, making rose hips a significant source of beneficial natural sources of vitamin C that prevent oxidation [22,33,19,7,13] . According to Georgieva et al. (2014) [15] , the rosehip tree (Rosa canina) produces fruits that are exceptionally rich in vitamin C and other antioxidants. ...
... In this context, when the seed oil contents of the Rosa L. taxa used in this research were taken into account, it was determined that the data obtained were comparable to the literature data. When the relevant literature is examined, it is possible that the differences in fatty acid composition may be related to environmental conditions (climate and altitude, etc.), which are known to have an effect on fatty acid composition (Ilyasoglu, 2014). The subspecies were determined to have a value above the average (10.01%). ...
In the study, the macro and micro elements and fatty acid contents in rose seeds, which are generally evaluated in the waste category, were determined. Among the plants belonging to these taxa, only the registered varieties belonging to four taxa were used, while the others were genotypes. The plant materials of the study include rosehip (R. canina L.), Yildiz variety of rosehip (R. canina L. cv ‘Yildiz’), Syrup rose (R. heckeliana Tratt. subsp. vanheurckiana), Austrian briar (R. foetida Herrm.), lax rootstock [R. caesia Sm. (Syn: R. laxa Retz.)], wild rose [R. montana subsp. woronovii Chaix subsp. woronovii (Lonacz) Ö. Nilsson L.], hybrid landscape roses (R. x hybrida) and Hosap rose [R. pisiformis (Christ) D.] taxa. It was determined that the contents of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium of the macro elements examined in the seed samples differed statistically from each other. The seeds of different Rosa L. species examined within the scope of the research can be considered as one of the fruit oil sources with its 3.71-10.01% oil content. The fatty acid contents were determined as follows: linoleic acid (ω6) contents in the taxa ranged from 41.63 to 50.11% with an average of 44.88%; oleic acid (ω9) ranged from 20.80 to 30.27% with an average of 24.95%; linolenic acid (ω3) varied between 14.00-28.51% with an average of 19.20%; arachidic acid ranged from 0.75-1.63% and the average was 1.97%; eicosenoic acid ranged between 0.13-0.65% and averaged 0.33%; palmitoleic acid contents ranged from 0.08-0.60; behenic acid varied between 0.08-0.19% with 0.11% average. It was observed that the (ω3/ω6 ratio of the hybrid rose, which is especially used as a landscape rose and whose fruits are not evaluated, had an average value. R. canina ‘Yildiz’ cultivar showed a high (ω3/ω6 ratio, which is important in health terms. The high oleic acid contents found in these taxa are important results.
... -inflammatory and antioxidant activities Restore the barrier function in diverse skin conditions(Meier et al., 2012) Oat oil (Avena sativa)Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid(Anderson, 2001) Avenanthramides(Sur et al., 2008) Ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and coumaric acid (Fernández-Acosta et al., 2019) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities ( Fernández-Acosta et al., 2019; Sur et al., 2008) Increase ceramide levels (70%) through the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (Chon et al., 2015) Rose Hip Oil (From seeds of Rosa caninal.)Linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and oleic acid( Ilyasoglu, 2014) ...
Background:
Every day the skin is constantly exposed to several harmful factors that induce oxidative stress. When the cells are incapable to maintain the balance between antioxidant defenses and reactive oxygen species, the skin no longer can keep its integrity and homeostasis. Chronic inflammation, premature skin aging, tissue damage, and immunosuppression are possible consequences induced by sustained exposure to environmental and endogenous reactive oxygen species. Skin immune and non-immune cells together with the microbiome are essential to efficiently trigger skin immune responses to stress. For this reason, an ever-increasing demand for novel molecules capable of modulating immune functions in the skin has risen the level of their development, particularly in the field of natural product-derived molecules.
Purpose:
In this review, we explore different classes of molecules that showed evidence in modulate skin immune responses, as well as their target receptors and signaling pathways. Moreover, we describe the role of polyphenols, polysaccharides, fatty acids, peptides, and probiotics as possible treatments for skin conditions, including wound healing, infection, inflammation, allergies, and premature skin aging.
Methods:
Literature was searched, analyzed, and collected using databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The search terms used included "Skin", "wound healing", "natural products", "skin microbiome", "immunomodulation", "anti-inflammatory", "antioxidant", "infection", "UV radiation", "polyphenols", "polysaccharides", "fatty acids", "plant oils", "peptides", "antimicrobial peptides", "probiotics", "atopic dermatitis", "psoriasis", "auto-immunity", "dry skin", "aging", etc., and several combinations of these keywords.
Results:
Natural products offer different solutions as possible treatments for several skin conditions. Significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were reported, followed by the ability to modulate immune functions in the skin. Several membrane-bound immune receptors in the skin recognize diverse types of natural-derived molecules, promoting different immune responses that can improve skin conditions.
Conclusion:
Despite the increasing progress in drug discovery, several limiting factors need future clarification. Understanding the safety, biological activities, and precise mechanisms of action is a priority as well as the characterization of the active compounds responsible for that. This review provides directions for future studies in the development of new molecules with important pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical value.
... Although in the literature there are many studies on the determination of oil content and fatty acid composition of various plants grown in eld conditions [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. However studies on the determination of fatty acid and oil content of explants obtained by plant cell culture applications are very rare [40][41][42][43][44]. ...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators in callus cell culture on the oil content and fatty acid composition of the castor bean ( Ricinus communis L.). Ricinus communis L. are valued for its oil and the performance of oil is closely related to its fatty acid composition. Thus, producing oil in vitro with favored fatty acid profiles is a promising research area and may also offer industrial opportunities. In line with this, the total amount of fat and the fatty acid composition of the samples, which were endosperm and calli obtained by treatment of various doses of plant growth regulators were determined. Results showed that the type and amount of the plant growth regulator used in the media affect the fatty acid composition. In detail, the biggest change was shown by Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), in general, using the plant growth regulators at 5 mgL ⁻¹ , instead of 20 mgL ⁻¹ , was found to have induced larger differentiations. The effect of a natural plant growth regulator (IAA) on fatty acid profiles was larger than the synthetic ones (NAA, 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid, and 2,4 D, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). The media containing 5 mgL ⁻¹ of NAA, 20 mgL ⁻¹ of NAA, 20 mgL ⁻¹ of 2,4 D, or 5 mgL ⁻¹ of 2,4 D gave similar results.
... In Serbia it can be found on Fruška Gora, Kopaonik, Avala, Suva Planina, Stara Planina, etc. (Mratinić and Kojić, 1998). The pseudo-fruit of the dog rose is known as rosehip, which can be used as a component of functional food, as well as in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, because it is rich in bioactive compounds, especially antioxidants and essential elements (Ercisli et al., 2007;Ilyasoğlu, 2014;Paunović et al., 2019). Rosehip fruits contain 30-35% of seeds, and the content of oil in seeds may vary from 3-7 % depending on applied extraction method (Zlatanov, 1999;Dabrowska et al., 2019). ...
Cilj ovog rada bio je ispitivanje uticaja dužine maceracije na sadržaj
ukupnih fenolnih jedinjenja kao i antioksidativni potencijal vina sorte Cabernet
Sauvignon poredivši 2016. i 2017. godinu. Kontrola je dobijena odvajanjem šire
odmah nakon muljanja, a ostali uzorci vina su odvajani od komine nakon 3., 5., 7.
,14. i 21. dana, respektivno. Maksimalni sadržaj ukupnih fenolnih jedinjenja u vinu,
za berbu 2016. i 2017. zabeležen je 19. dana maceracije u količinama 1,17 g l-1 za
2016. godinu i 1,53 g l-1 za 2017. godinu izraženih kao galna kiselina. Pokazana je
statistički značajna razlika između sadržaja ukupnih fenolnih jedinjenja i FRAP
vrednosti za obe godine istraživanja (P<0,05).
This work presents the results of field research conducted in 2023-2024 in the Czudec commune (Podkarpackie voivodeship). The aim of the study was to analyze the species composition of herbaceous plant flora at selected sites, with particular emphasis on medicinal species, and to indicate the places of their greatest concentration for the purpose of obtaining them from the natural state.
During the research, a herbarium and a systematic floristic list were prepared, which included 286 species of herbaceous plants belonging to 45 plant families. The analysis of available literature and internet data allowed to determine that 158 recorded species have medicinal properties and are used in conventional and/or unconventional or folk medicine.
The use of bioactive compounds in plants as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents in nanoparticle manufacturing is an exceptionally eco‐friendly approach. This work used rosehip seed extract, acquired by automatic solvent extraction, in the microwave‐assisted green production of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs). The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity of the extracted materials and nanoparticles were assessed using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The ideal synthesis parameters were established as 25 mL of extract, pH 12, 360 W of microwave power, and a metal salt concentration of 0.05 M for a duration of 7 minutes. The characterization of the ZnO NPs synthesized under these conditions was performed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (SEM‐EDX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements, and UV‐Vis spectrophotometry. High‐purity, nano‐sized, antioxidant ZnO NPs were manufactured using an ecologically friendly, sustainable, and ecological technique.
Crackers are popular bakery products known for their crunchy texture and long shelf life. Typically made from leavened or unleavened dough with wheat flour, oil, water, and additives, crackers have undergone recipe enhancements to improve sensory and nutritional profiles. While many studies explore cracker and biscuit formulations, fruit seed oils remain underexplored. Fruit seeds, often discarded as waste, are rich in essential fatty acids, amino acids, and micronutrients. Oils from seeds such as grape, pomegranate, rosehip, and apricot have gained attention for their health benefits, which presents an opportunity for innovation in bakery products. This study evaluated the potential of incorporating various fruit seed oils (pomegranate, apricot kernel, grape, fig, and rosehip) into cracker formulations. Crackers were assessed for physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, mineral content, texture, and sensory attributes, with sunflower oil as the control. Results showed that the addition of fruit seed oils significantly influenced cracker properties. Crackers with apricot kernel oil had the highest ash content (2.29 ± 0.13%) and exhibited a more acidic character, as did those with grape seed oil. Moisture content decreased significantly when rosehip seed oil was used (P < 0.05). Grape seed oil yielded the highest water-holding capacity, while sunflower oil provided the highest oil-holding capacity. Crackers made with rosehip and apricot kernel oils demonstrated improved antioxidant properties. Using fruit seed oils not only enhances nutritional value (e.g. vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and dietary fiber) but also reduces material waste, contributing to sustainability and better resource utilization.
Although they have been extensively studied in many species of the genus Rosa L., garden roses’ hips have largely been overlooked. To investigate their potential use in the food industry, this study evaluated five cultivars from ‘Aurora’ collection: ‘Purple Aurora’, ‘Berry Bush Aurora’, ‘Aromatic Aurora’, ‘Butterfly Aurora’, and ‘Rugose White Aurora’. Morphological characterization, along with the assessment of the phenolic profile, vitamin C levels, and biological activities—including antioxidant and neuroprotective effects—was conducted. The fruit mass reached 5.15 g, while the mesocarp mass ranged from 3 to 4 g, resulting in a mesocarp-to-fruit ratio of over 75%. The total phenolic content ranged from 37.1 to 63.9 mg GAE/g de, while total flavonoids were present in amounts from 0.85 to 2.14 mg QE/g de. Rosehip extracts from four out of five cultivars exhibited a very high vitamin C content, reaching 2384 µg/g fw. Quinic acid and 31 phenolic compounds were found in the rosehip extract of at least one cultivar. Results indicated ‘Aurora’ rosehips have potent antioxidant properties and a moderate inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase, highlighting their potential as a source of functional food. Additional research is needed to fully leverage these benefits and establish garden rosehips as a viable alternative to synthetic antioxidants.
Background: Rosa canina L. (rosehip) is used worldwide in traditional medicine as a plant with medicinal properties. However, its anti-obesity effects are not fully explained on a transcriptional level. Methods: In the present work, the 3T3-L preadipocytes were utilized to explore the impact of R. canina fruit extract (RCE) on the cellular and molecular pathways involved in adipocyte hypertrophy. Results: Obtained results showed the ability of RCE to reduce lipid overloads in hypertrophic adipocytes associated with the down-regulation of mRNA expressions of adipogenic transcription factors such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1c as well as genes involved in lipid biosyntheses such as FAS, LPL, and aP2. Moreover, obesity-associated oxidative stress (antioxidant enzyme activities and ROS generation) and inflammation were ameliorated in RCE-treated hypertrophic adipocytes. The mRNA and protein levels of adipokines such as leptin, resistin, and adiponectin were restored to more favorable levels. Conclusions: Rosa canina fruit might be a valuable source of phytochemicals in preventing obesity and obesity-related metabolic complications.
The term natural oil refers to a fixed (non‐volatile) oil of animal or plant origin. These types of oils – in contrast to essential (volatile) oils, which are obtained by steam distillation methods of plant matter – are typically obtained from plant seeds and nuts by a mechanical pressing technique or solvent extraction. The natural movement in cosmetics of the 21st century has led to renewed interest in formulating skin care products with botanical ingredients. In this article, we discuss the benefits and caveats of natural oil treatments as moisturizing agents (as occlusives and emollients) as well as their utility in wound healing and treatment of skin diseases. We also address the paradoxical behaviour of natural oils in relation to barrier function and highlight the current state of our knowledge with respect to the use of natural oils in neonatal skin care. Finally, we provide a comparison of natural oils to conventional petroleum‐based oils.
The aim of this study was to compare the composition of wild Rosa canina (Kiustendil region, 2022) and cultivated rosehips Plovdiv-1 (Gotse Delchev region, 2022). The results demonstrated that the cultivated rosehips possessed more fibers and minerals, and were more abundant in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The Plovdiv-1 rosehips were characterized by lower fat content and more pronounced antioxidant properties. The wild type had higher vitamin C content. The morphological characterization indicated that the fruits of cultivated rosehips were longer, with less seeds and hairs. The results of the antimicrobial activity tests demonstrated that both methanol extracts possessed significant inhibitory activity against Micrococcus luteus 2YC-YT, moderate inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Listeria monocytogenes NBIMCC 8632, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6380, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, and low inhibitory activity against Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4BCL-YT, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Salmonella typhimurium NBIMCC 1672 and Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883. The extracts did not show antifungal activity, except against Rhizopus sp. and Fusarium moniliforme ATCC 38932, in which the inhibitory activity was low. The obtained results showed that cultivated rosehips are promising for supplementing various types of food products.
In this study, cold-pressed rosehip seed oil was fully characterized. Acidity and oxidation levels were near the limit values or slightly exceeded them and improvement in the storage conditions was suggested. The oil started to crystallize at -45.25 °C, and melt at -25.56 °C. Linoleic acid (51.1%), β-sitosterol (84.6%), γ-tocopherol (773.76 µg/g) and rosmarinic acid (31.38 µg/g) were determined as major fatty acid, sterol, tocopherol and phenolic compound, respectively. For the first time, aromatic volatile compounds and sensory descriptive terms were determined for cold-pressed rosehip seed oil. Sixty-seven volatile compounds were detected and L-limonene was found to be a major volatile compound. According to the sensory analysis, timber/kindling and raw vegetable tastes/aromas were found to be relatively dominant. Consequently, it is thought that rosehip seeds can be used as a raw material for edible and nutritionally-rich cold-pressed oil production and/or as source oil for functional food preparations.
Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae), commonly known as the rose hip, is originated from Europe, Africa, and Asia with a long history in medicinal applications. This study aimed to analyze the morphological traits, fatty acids profile, and content of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, vitamin C, total carotenoid, total phenol, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity of the fruits of eleven Iranian R. canina ecotypes (RCEs). The highest coefficient of variation was obtained in 1000 seed weight (46.57%). The seed oil varied from 8.08 ± 0.17% to 16.91 ± 0.35%. Linoleic (35.41 ± 0.78% to 49.59 ± 0.96%) and eicosanoic (17.67 ± 0.06% to 25.36 ± 0.54%) acids were the predominant fatty acids in the studied samples. The anthocyanin content in the fruits was ranged from 0.98 ± 0.03 to 4.41 ± 0.04 mg cyanidin 3-glucoside/100 g of dry weight (mg C3G/100 g DW). The high content of vitamin C (103.51 ± 1.24–419.70 ± 3.12 mg/100 g DW), total carotenoid (111.22 ± 0.78–206.98 ± 1.25 mg β-carotene equivalents per g of dry weight (mg β-CARE/g DW)), total phenol (52.87 ± 0.82–104.52 ± 0.23 mg GAE/g DW), and total flavonoid (14.20 ± 0.12–25.18 ± 0.47 mg RE/g DW) were observed in the studied samples. Catechin (20.42 ± 0.47–19.22 ± 0.13 µg/g DW) was the major phenolic compound. The high antioxidant activity in the fruits of the plant was recorded in the studied RCEs (IC50 = 12.54 ± 0.18–26.33 ± 0.13 μg/ml). A significant correlation between some phytochemical compounds (dependent variable) and morphological features (independent variable) was found. Based on our findings, the fruit of the studied ecotypes can be used for future breeding programs and drug development.
Carrier oils are used with essential oils to dilute and enhance skin penetration. They are composed of fatty acids, triglycerides, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes and are added to reduce potency and odor. Carrier oils have pharmaceutical applications and reduce cytotoxicity. Solvent extraction is a common practice in the production of industrial-scale carrier oils, but harmful to the environment, so new eco-friendly methods are being researched. This review documents the available characteristics of various carrier oils and identifies knowledge gaps for future studies.
In recent years, there was an increase in the commercial offer of vegetable oils from unconventional sources, such as fruit, vegetable, and herb seeds. The paper presents a synthesis of available scientific information on 27 oils obtained from the seeds of 14 fruit species (apple, apricot, chokeberry, black berry, blackcurrant, blue berry, cherry, Japanese quince, pear, plum, quince, raspberry, rosehip, and strawberry), 8 vegetable species (broccoli, cabbage, carrot, cucumber, onion, parsley, radish, and tomato), and 5 herb species (basil, coriander, fennel, fenugreek, and perilla). A review of the literature showed that oil content in these seeds ranges from ca. 5% for fenugreek to over 55% for apricot kernels. A recommended n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio below 4-5/1 was noted in 11 species. Japanese quince, blackcurrant, and fenugreek seed oils seem to be good sources of phytosterols. Radish seed oil was mostly abundant in tocols, Japanese quince seed oil in squalene, and blackcurrant seed oil in carotenoids. Unfortunately, actual data on the composition of these seed oils are highly variable, making it difficult to precisely identify the most nutritionally valuable oils.
Rosehips (Rosa spp., Rosaceae) are wild rose bushes with more than 100 species. Its fruits vary in colour and size, depending on the species, and are recognised for their nutritional characteristics. Ten samples of Rosa canina L. and Rosa rubiginosa L. fruits were collected at different geographical points from Southern Chile. Nutrients such as crude protein and minerals and functional properties such as phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, and also antioxidant activities were evaluated by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. The results revealed a high content of bioactive compounds, primarily ascorbic acid (6.0 to 8.2 mg g⁻¹ fresh weight (FW)), flavonols (427.9 ± 0.4 μg g⁻¹ FW) and antioxidant activity. We established a relationship between the antioxidant activity using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and 2,2-diphenyl radical (DPPH) methods and the concentration of uncoloured compounds, such as flavonols and catechin. This antioxidant activity was primarily associated with the samples from Gorbea, Lonquimay, Loncoche, and Villarrica localities, and all of them were of the species Rosa rubiginosa L. The results here obtained represent novel information of rosehip fruits. In this sense, the reported information about compounds and antioxidant activities in rosehip fruits allowed us to continue new lines of research in relation to the potential formulation of new functional foods and also in the treatment and/or prevention of some diseases.
Wild fruits possess important bioactive chemicals that may prove useful in alleviating several health ailments. In many places around the world, wild fruits have played an essential role in providing nutrition and dietary requirements to the poor. Nutraceuticals are gaining wide acceptance for their flavor and nutritional benefits. One such resource in India with untapped potential is the fruits of wild Rosa species. Rose hips are used to make a variety of foodstuffs and beverages, including jams, jellies, teas, and alcoholic beverages. In traditional medicine, the rose hips are used to treat eczema, cold, cough, bronchitis, stomachic diseases, kidney diseases, peptic ulcer, cardiac diseases, asthma, rheumatism, cancer, and hemorrhoids. Biochemically, the fruits of these species are rich in carbohydrates, phenolics, flavonoids, tocopherols, terpenes, carotenoids, fatty acids, galactolipids, vitamins, minerals, and tannins. The rich phytochemical composition attributed several pharmacological properties to the rose hips such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulator, cardioprotective, anticancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and antibacterial properties are attributed to the rich phytochemical composition of rose hips. In addition to nutritional benefits, these may assist in the alleviation of hunger in hilly areas of India, particularly in the Himalayan region if explored scientifically. This chapter attempts to provide detailed information on the phytochemical and nutritional composition of the wild species of Rosa found in India.KeywordsNutritional compositionTherapeutic applicationsEthnomedicinal usesWild roses
In addition to being a renewable energy source, biodiesel is an alternative energy type that
attracts a lot of attention today because it causes less air pollution than many other energy sources.
Large quantities of crude glycerol (over 1 million tons in 2021) are produced as the main by-product
of biodiesel produced by the transesterification reaction on a commercial scale. Biodiesel production
results in two main products, biodiesel, and glycerol. The purity of unprocessed glycerin obtained from
biodiesel production is approximately 15-80%. This glycerol contains high amounts of water, alcohol,
free fatty acids, salts, and undesirable reactants. Therefore, the most important step in the formation of
glycerol is the purification of glycerol. Since a significant amount of glycerol is released as a by-product
during biodiesel synthesis, many scientific studies have been carried out on converting glycerol into
various valuable products. This article aims to gather all the scientific studies on this subject, analyze
and compare the findings from many studies, and collect data that can help those who turn glycerol into
valuable goods gain perspective. While writing this article, five basic criteria were taken into consideration. These are the catalyst effect, the catalyst support effect, the synthesis method of the catalyst, the
particle size of the catalyst, its durability, and finally the pH effect. The production processes of many
value-added chemicals are detailed in articles focusing on these variables.
The rosehip fruits from Romanian spontaneous flora were valorized in three different customized variants, including jellified products, juices, and a nutraceutical. Prior to the technological design, the rosehip samples were characterized for individual polyphenolic content. The samples (non)-enzymatically treated showed epicatechin as the major compound, whereas the enzymatic treatment enhanced the extraction of quercetin (40.23 ± 0.48 mg/100 g DW extract), gallic acid (9.74 ± 0.24 mg/100 g DW extract), and kaempferol. Different ratios and types of sugars were added to obtain jellified products, leading to a significantly different bioactive profile. The sugar-free and steviol samples showed the highest content in carotenoids (89.36 ± 0.06 mg/g dry weight (DW) and 39.22 ± 1.16 mg/g DW, respectively), leading to the highest antioxidant activity (8.19 ± 0.80 mMol Trolox/g DW and 20.16 ± 0.31 mMol Trolox/g DW, respectively). The gelling capacity increased with the increase in sugar content. The enzymatically treated rosehip fruit pulp was mixed in various ratios with apple juice, followed by pasteurization. The polyphenolic content was approximately two times higher in the blended juices (20.75 ± 1.40 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 mL). The overall impression highlighted the preferences of panelists for sugar-free products, whereas adding apple juice significantly influenced their preferences. The fresh pulp was enhanced with pectin, followed by inoculation with Lactobacillus acidophilus, and freeze-dried showed satisfactory cell viability (approximately 7 log CFU/g DW), whereas an antidiabetic, anti-tyrosinase and anti-obesity potential of the powder was suggested. Our results provide enough evidence for customized processing of rosehip fruits in foods and nutraceuticals as a response to consumers’ choices, highlighting the bioactive compounds and nutrient contents, whereas selected in vitro health-related evidence was suggested.
Antioxidants are bioactive and plant-derived compounds that are mostly comprised of herbal formulation. Most bioactive substances such as flavonoid, phenolic compounds, and ascorbic acids show antioxidant activity. According to various research articles, rosehip is one of the plants considered to be providing antioxidant property
The supercritical fluids extraction (SFE) was used to extract the oleoresins from rosehip, followed by an in-depth phytochemical analysis and the development of two design-customized powders for different food and pharmaceutical applications. The SFE experiments allowed obtaining an oleoresins extraction yield of 11.85%. Two fractions were separated (S40 and S45), with significantly different phytochemical profile (p < 0.05), highlighting the efficiency of extraction of fatty acids in S40 extract, whereas the extraction of polyphenols, phytosterols, carotenoids and polyphenols was favored in S45 extract. The phytochemical profile revealed that the linoleic acid (C18:2) and α-linolenic acid (C18:3) represented approximatively 82% and 58% from the total fatty acid content in S40 and S45, respectively. α-Tocopherol and γ-tocopherol prevailed in both extract fractions, with a higher concentration in S45 (229.66 mg/g dry matter (DM) and 112.36 mg/g DM, respectively), whereas β-sitosterol was the major phytosterol in S45 fraction (118.75 mg/g DM). The S40 fraction was used to design two microencapsulated powders, by combining emulsification, complex coarcevation and freeze-drying. In order to develop new wall materials, with unique properties, the soy protein isolates were used for cross-linked reactions, by using an approach in one step (transglutaminase mediated) (coded as N) and two-steps (heat-induced and transglutaminase mediated) (coded as T). The N powder showed a better phytochemical content, leading to a higher antioxidant activity (5.27 mM Trolox equivalents/g DM), whereas for variant T, the bioactive were apparently doubled encapsulated.
New food packaging technologies are developing rapidly in line with the demands of consumers and the trends of the food industry. In the presented study, it was aimed to synthesize a new and smart hydrogel (p (Gelatin‐co‐DMAAm)/CA‐Rh) (GDCa‐Rh) from dimethylacrylamide (DMAAm), gelatin, citric acid (CA), and Rosehip (Rh) using the redox polymerization technique and use it as a color sensor in food packaging materials. To impart antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anthocyanin properties to the synthesized smart hydrogel, Rh was added to the reaction mixture. The structure/mechanical properties of GDCa‐Rh were elucidated by dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), thermogravimetric (TG) analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of GDCa‐Rh was tested against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, to determine the effectiveness of synthesized GDCa‐Rh on real samples, whole‐pasteurized milk/cheese was selected as real samples. The results showed that GDCa‐Rh was a good color indicator and exhibited good antimicrobial activity on whole‐pasteurized milk/cheese. By means of synthesized smart GDCa‐Rh hydrogels, harmful effects such as oxidation reaction, external moisture absorption or loss, physical damage, and biological degradation can be observed in the packaged product, and this new material will be a solution to the deficiencies faced by today's food packaging.
Antioxidant activity of three different extracts (ethanolic, chloroformic, and hexanic) of red flesh pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) seed using free radical scavenging assay, linoleic acid model system, and ferric thiocyanate (FTC) method was determined. Ethanolic extract inhibit 74.76% of free radicals at 1000 μg/mL, while chloroformic extract gave the highest inhibition using linoleic acid model system (98.90% at 100 μg/mL) and FTC (96.34%) method. Total phenolic and ascorbic acid contents of the seed were 13.56 ± 2.04 and 0.36 ± 0.01 mg/g, respectively, while catechin was the major flavonoid detected. In conclusion, the study showed that both polar and non-polar compounds contribute to the antioxidative activity measured.
In vegetable oils, phytosterols occur as free sterols or as steryl esters. Few analytical methods report the quantification
of esterified and free sterols in vegetable oils. In this study, esterified and free sterols were separated by silica gel
column chromatography upon elution with n-hexane/ethyl acetate (90∶10 vol/vol) followed by n-hexane/diethyl ether/ethanol (25∶25∶50 by vol). Both fractions were saponified separately and the phytosterol content was
quantified by GC. The analytical method for the analysis of esterified and free sterols had a relative standard deviation
of 1.16% and an accuracy of 93.6–94.1%, which was comparable to the reference method for the total sterol analysis. A large
variation in the content and distribution of the sterol fraction between different vegetable oils can be observed. Corn and
rapeseed oils were very rich in phytosterols, which mainly occurred as steryl esters (56–60%), whereas the majority of the
other vegetable oils (soybean, sunflower, palm oil, etc.) contained a much lower esterified sterol content (25–40%). No difference
in the relative proportion of the individual sterols among crude and refined vegetable oils was observed.
Solid by-products from white and red wine industry were subjected to evaluation as potential sources of antioxidant phytochemicals on the basis of their content in phenolics and in vitro antioxidant activity. Furthermore, several other common plant solid wastes, including apple, potato and onion peels, as well as carob pods and olive tree leaves were also considered, in order to carry out a comparative assessment. The results showed that extracts from grape seeds (either white or red) contain exceptionally high amounts of total polyphenols (10.3–11.1% on a dry weight basis), a great part of which is composed of flavanols. Red grape pomace and stems contained appreciable amounts of polyphenols, whereas potato and white grape peels were the tissues with the lowest polyphenol content. The in vitro antiradical activity and reducing power were shown to be highly dependent on the total flavonoid and total flavanol content (P<0.001), but the hydroxyl free radical scavenging activity did not exhibit the same trend, suggesting dependence on particular structural features. The results indicate that wine industry by-products, including grape seeds but also red grape pomace and stems, are very rich sources of antioxidant polyphenols compared with other agri-food solid wastes, and therefore their exploitation as a source of added-value products may be more cost-effective and merits a profounder investigation.
The chemical fingerprinting of the unsaponifiable fraction of different Punica granatum seed oils was performed in order to evaluate their potential as a functional food ingredient. Qualitative and quantitative determinations of tocopherol, aliphatic alcohol (including policosanol), squalene, phytosterols and triterpene contents were performed by GC-MS. A high yield (3.1-4.2%) of unsaponifiable matter was obtained and consistent levels of squalene (up to 800 mg/kg) and policosanol (118-185 mg/kg) were noticed. β-sitosterol (up to 8069 mg/kg) and cycloartenol (5916-7766 mg/kg) were predominant in phytosterol and triterpene fractions, while β- and δ-tocopherol were the most abundant vitamin E forms. Some minor variations were noticed between samples. From the results obtained, it can be suggested that the seed oil of P. granatum can be considered an interesting alimentary source of substances of nutraceutical value involved in the modulation of cholesterol metabolism.
The lipid composition of chokeberry, black currant and rose hip seeds was investigated. The seeds contain 19.3 g kg⁻¹, 22.0 g kg⁻¹ and 8.2 g kg⁻¹ glyceride oil respectively. The content of phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine, was 2.8 g kg⁻¹, 1.3 g kg⁻¹ and 1.4 g kg⁻¹, respectively. The total amounts of sterols were 1.2 g kg⁻¹, 1.4 g kg⁻¹ and 0.4 g kg⁻¹. The main component was β-sitosterol, followed by campesterol and Δ⁵ -avenasterol. In the tocopherol fraction (55.5 mg kg⁻¹ in chokeberry oil, 249.6 mg kg⁻¹ in black currant oil and 89.4 mg kg⁻¹ in rose hip oil), α-tocopherol predominated in chokeberry oil (70.6 mg kg⁻¹). γ-Tocopherol was the main component in black currant oil (55.4 mg kg⁻¹) and rose hip oil (71.0 mg kg⁻¹). The fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols, individual phospholipids and sterol esters was also identified. In the phospholipids and sterol esters, the more saturated fatty acids, mainly palmitic, stearic, and long chain fatty acids predominated.
Plant sterols are an essential component of the membranes of all eukaryotic organisms. They are either synthesised de novo or taken up from the environment. Their function appears to be to control membrane fluidity and permeability, although some plant sterols have a specific function in signal transduction. The phytosterols are products of the isoprenoid pathway. The dedicated pathway to sterol synthesis in photosynthetic plants occurs at the squalene stage through the activity of squalene synthetase. Although the activity of 3-hydroxymethyl-3-glutaryl coenzyme A (HGMR) is rate-limiting in the synthesis of cholesterol, this does not appear to be the case with the plant sterols. Up-regulation of HGMR appears to increase the biosynthesis of cycloartenol but not the Delta(5)-sterols. A decline in sterol synthesis is associated with a suppression of squalene synthetase activity, which is probably a critical point in controlling carbon flow and end-product formation. The major post-squalene biosynthetic pathway is regulated by critical rate-limiting steps such as the methylation of cycloartenol into cycloeucalenol. Little is known about the factors controlling the biosynthesis of the end-point sterol esters or stanols. The commonly consumed plant sterols are sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol which are predominantly supplied by vegetable oils. The oils are a rich source of the steryl esters. Less important sources of sterols are cereals, nuts and vegetables. The nutritional interest derives from the fact that the sterols have a similar structure to cholesterol, and have the capacity to lower plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Since the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease have been dramatically reduced using cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins), the interest in plant sterols lies in their potential to act as a natural preventive dietary product. Stanols (saturated at C-5) occur in low amounts in the diet and are equally effective in lowering plasma cholesterol and do not cause an increase in plasma levels, unlike the sterols which can be detected in plasma. (C) 2000 Society of Chemical Industry.
Four cultivars of Shanxi-grown pomegranate seeds were investigated for their phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties. Pomegranate seed oils were extracted and analysed for their fatty acid profiles, and tocopherol and carotenoid contents. The defatted flours were extracted with 50% acetone or 80% methanol, and evaluated for levels of phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, and scavenging capacities against DPPH and ABTS+ and their ferric ion reducing abilities. Pomegranate seed oil was rich in punicic acid (73.5–78.8 g/100 g oil) and total tocopherols (5.3–12.0 μmol/g). The 50% acetone and 80% methanol were appropriate solvents for extraction of total phenolic and total flavonoid, respectively. The four cultivars were significantly different in levels of phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and their antioxidant properties (P < 0.05), generally flowing an order: Suanshiliu > Tianhongdan > Sanbaitian ≈ Jingpitian. This study will assist in the cultivar selection of the above pomegranate seeds for commercial production to meet the market demand.
In this work, oil obtained from seeds of different red grape varieties, grown in the Autonomous Regions of Castilla-La Mancha and Murcia (Spain), was characterized by determining physicochemical and sensory quality parameters, stability, and the composition in fatty acids and sterols. The physicochemical quality parameters (free acidity, peroxide index, K270 and wax) scored high (meaning low quality) compared with virgin olive oils, while the negative sensory attributes stood out over the positive ones. Therefore, the oil was not considered suitable for table use without undergoing a refining process. The samples showed high linoleic and low linolenic acid contents, while β-sitosterol was the main sterol found. Drying grape seeds with hot air before extraction gave higher physicochemical quality, total phenolic content and stability, and lower wax content in comparison to air-drying of seeds. The drying process affected the sterol composition but not the fatty acid composition.
Reduced ascorbic acid (RAA) and Vitamin A (carotenoid) contents of six vegetables obtained from six cities in the United States at two seasons of the year were determined. Mean RAA content (mg/100g) of cabbage was 45.2, carrots 7.8, celery 6.0, corn 6.5, onions 8.4, and tomatoes 15.3. Vitamin C in cooked cabbage was 22.1, corn 6.2, and onions 5.7 mg/100g. Mean vitamin A activity (I.U.) of carrots was 15,228, cabbage 114, celery 133, corn 219, and tomatoes 750. In cooked cabbage and corn, vitamin A content was 89 and 217 I.U., respectively. The RAA and vitamin A content of vegetables from the six geographical areas varied significantly. Vitamin concentrations were generally lower than tabulated values. Retention of RAA in cooked cabbage was 52%; in onions, 58%; and in corn, 98%. Vitamin A retention in cooked cabbage was 82%, and in cooked corn was 98%.
Several exotic fruits are used in folk medicine as potential sources of healthy compounds. Rosa canina L. (dog rose) fruits and other parts used to be widely consumed in rural areas from Portugal. The present work intends to highlight the presence of bioactive compounds in those different parts, in order to improve their use based on scientific studies. The antioxidant activity was screened through: radical scavenging effects, reducing power, and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates. Phytochemical characterization included determination of sugars by HPLC-RI, fatty acids by GC-FID, tocopherols by HPLC-fluorescence, phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, chlorophylls and ascorbic acid, by spectrophotometric techniques. Galls revealed the highest antioxidant potential, ripen hips showed the highest tocopherols and β-carotene contents, as also the most adequate n-6/n-3 fatty acids ratios. Unripe hips gave the highest levels of ascorbic acid and petals revealed the highest concentration of sugars. Ethnobotanical studies conducted have mentioned different use-reports for seeds, petals, flowers and galls, as well as for fruits in different stages of maturity and, therefore, the comparison between chemical compounds and antioxidant properties of those different parts is a key-point of the present study. Furthermore, the levels of antioxidants found would make them suitable sources of compounds to be used commercially to retard rancidity in fatty materials in food manufacturing, to reduce the effects of ageing and to help to prevent oxidative-stress related diseases such as cancer and heart disease.
Rosehip extracts of 18 samples representing six taxa in the genus Rosa were evaluated for antioxidant activities by use of different test systems. The ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of the crude extracts ranged from 983.4 to 2187.1 µmol FRAP g−1 dry matter and from 457.2 to 626.2 µmol TEAC g−1 dry matter. The high antioxidant capacity was related to high contents of phytonutrients. The overall mean of antioxidants was 23.23 mg g−1 total carotenoids and 76.26 mg g−1 total phenolics. The phenolic component made a major contribution to the total antioxidant activities in both assays (overall mean was 90.5% and 75.7%), whereas the ascorbate made a minor contribution (8.6% and 16.9%) and the lipophilic component made an even smaller one (0.9% and 7.3%). However, the lipophilic component was the most effective when the comparison was based on the ratio of antioxidant activity to content of antioxidants. The crude extracts exhibited 50.9% (46.6–60.3%) inhibitory effect against the lipid peroxidation induced by 2,2′-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN) and 85.0% (80.1–90.2%) inhibition in 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane)hydrochloride (AAPH) assay at a concentration of 250 µg ml −1. Ascorbate acted as an antioxidant in both peroxy radical-induced lipid peroxidations, but as a pro-oxidant in the metal ion-induced lipid peroxidation. The crude extracts showed a large inhibitory effect in the ferric ion-induced lipid peroxidation and caused 83.7% inhibition at a concentration of 25 µg ml −1 dried rosehip powder.© 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Plant sterols are an essential component of the membranes of all eukaryotic organisms. They are either synthesised de novo or taken up from the environment. Their function appears to be to control membrane fluidity and permeability, although some plant sterols have a specific function in signal transduction. The phytosterols are products of the isoprenoid pathway. The dedicated pathway to sterol synthesis in photosynthetic plants occurs at the squalene stage through the activity of squalene synthetase. Although the activity of 3-hydroxymethyl-3-glutaryl coenzyme A (HGMR) is rate-limiting in the synthesis of cholesterol, this does not appear to be the case with the plant sterols. Up-regulation of HGMR appears to increase the biosynthesis of cycloartenol but not the Δ5-sterols. A decline in sterol synthesis is associated with a suppression of squalene synthetase activity, which is probably a critical point in controlling carbon flow and end-product formation. The major post-squalene biosynthetic pathway is regulated by critical rate-limiting steps such as the methylation of cycloartenol into cycloeucalenol. Little is known about the factors controlling the biosynthesis of the end-point sterol esters or stanols. The commonly consumed plant sterols are sitosterol, stigmasterol and campesterol which are predominantly supplied by vegetable oils. The oils are a rich source of the steryl esters. Less important sources of sterols are cereals, nuts and vegetables. The nutritional interest derives from the fact that the sterols have a similar structure to cholesterol, and have the capacity to lower plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Since the morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease have been dramatically reduced using cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins), the interest in plant sterols lies in their potential to act as a natural preventive dietary product. Stanols (saturated at C-5) occur in low amounts in the diet and are equally effective in lowering plasma cholesterol and do not cause an increase in plasma levels, unlike the sterols which can be detected in plasma.© 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
The lipid composition of chokeberry, black currant and rose hip seeds was investigated. The seeds contain 19.3 g kg−1, 22.0 g kg−1 and 8.2 g kg−1 glyceride oil respectively. The content of phospholipids, mainly phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine, was 2.8 g kg−1, 1.3 g kg−1 and 1.4 g kg−1, respectively. The total amounts of sterols were 1.2 g kg−1, 1.4 g kg−1 and 0.4 g kg−1. The main component was β-sitosterol, followed by campesterol and Δ5 -avenasterol. In the tocopherol fraction (55.5 mg kg−1 in chokeberry oil, 249.6 mg kg−1 in black currant oil and 89.4 mg kg−1 in rose hip oil), α-tocopherol predominated in chokeberry oil (70.6 mg kg−1). γ-Tocopherol was the main component in black currant oil (55.4 mg kg−1) and rose hip oil (71.0 mg kg−1). The fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols, individual phospholipids and sterol esters was also identified. In the phospholipids and sterol esters, the more saturated fatty acids, mainly palmitic, stearic, and long chain fatty acids predominated.© 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Pomegranate seeds are byproducts of the pomegranate juice industry. Because of the presence of large amounts of certain pharmaceutical and nutraceutical components in the seeds, a proper extraction method to obtain these components is highly demanded in the food industry. In this study, the effect of different extraction methods on the total phenolic contents of the oil extracted from pomegranate seeds of the Malas variety from Shahreza, Iran, was investigated. Four different extraction methods including normal stirring, Soxhlet, microwave irradiation and ultrasonic irradiation using two types of organic solvents as well as a supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method using CO2 as solvent were applied. The different organic solvents of this study did not indicate any significant differences in the total phenolic contents of the extracted oils, but the extracted oils from the various conditions of SFE indicated wide changes in the amount of phenolic compounds (7.8–72.1 mg/g). The total phenolic content of the extracted oil from one of the SFE runs was several times greater than those in the extracted oils using organic solvents.
Thirty-eight types of fruits commonly consumed in Singapore were systematically analysed for their hydrophilic oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC), total phenolic content (TPC), ascorbic acid (AA) and various lipophilic antioxidants. Antioxidant composition and concentration varied widely across different fruits. Many of the tropical fruits tested were high in antioxidants. Amongst all fruits tested, sapodilla (Manilkara zapota) had the highest H-ORAC and TPC whilst guava had the highest AA per gram fresh weight. Papaya, red watermelon and cantaloupe had the highest β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and β-carotene per gram fresh weight, respectively. On the other hand, durian and mangosteen were high in tocopherols and tocotrienols, respectively. Based on consumption data, Chinese Singaporeans appear to have a higher intake of carotenoids and tocopherols rich fruits compared to the US population. As fruits are a rich source of diverse antioxidants, efforts to promote consumption of a variety of fruits should be continued for public health benefits.
Black peppercorn, nutmeg, rosehip, cinnamon and oregano leaf were extracted with 50% acetone and 80% methanol, and evaluated for their radical-scavenging activities against cation (ABTS+), DPPH, peroxyl (ORAC) and hydroxyl (HO) radicals. For each extract, total phenolic content (TPC) and chelating activity were also determined. The extracts of all botanical samples showed significant radical-scavenging capacities, TPC and chelating abilities. The 50% acetone extract of cinnamon had the highest ABTS+-scavenging capacity of 1243 μmol TE/g and the greatest ORAC value of 1256 μmol TE/g on a per weight basis. The 50% acetone extracts of black peppercorn and cinnamon showed higher ABTS+-scavenging, ORAC, Fe+2 chelating ability and TPC value, but lower DPPH value than the corresponding 80% methanol extracts. The 80% methanol extract of nutmeg had greater ABTS+, ORAC and TPC values than the 50% acetone extract. Electronic spin resonance (ESR) measurements demonstrated that cinnamon had the strongest HO-scavenging activities among all the tested botanical materials. These data indicate that black peppercorn, nutmeg, rosehip, cinnamon and oregano leaf may serve as potential dietary sources of natural antioxidants for improving human nutrition and health. The extracting solvent may alter the antioxidant activity measurement for selected botanicals, including spices and herbs.
The polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity in the seeds of 11 red grape varieties (five international and six native) widely cultivated in Turkey were investigated. Total phenolic, total flavanol and total polymeric procyanidin content ranged from 79.2 to 154.6, 89.2 to 179.4, and 27.0 to 43.3mg/g seed, respectively. While (+)-catechin (4.71-23.8mg/g seed) was found as main flavanol, galloylated catechin monomer and dimeric procyanidin amounts varied between 2.89-17.2 and 0.97-2.97mg/g seed, respectively. All seed extracts showed remarkable DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50) and oxygen radical scavenging capacity (ORAC) ranging from 2.71 to 4.62μg/mL and 1425.9 to 3009.2μmol Trolox equivalent/g seed, respectively. With high amount of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, seeds of Okuzgozu, Papaz Karasi, Ada Karasi and Kalecik Karasi varieties could be evaluated as dietary supplement.
Copyright © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Grape seed oil (Oleum vitis viniferae) representing a promising plant fat, mainly used for culinary and pharmaceutical purposes as well as for various technical applications, was subject of the present investigation. HS-SPME-GC-MS was applied to study volatile compounds in several seed oil samples from different grape oils. The triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of these oils was analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS/MS. In addition the total phenol content and the antioxidant capacity (using TEAC) of these oils were determined. The headspace of virgin grape oils from white and red grapes was dominated by ethyl octanoate (up to 27.5% related to the total level of volatiles), ethylacetate (up to 25.0%), ethanol (up to 22.7%), acetic acid (up to 17.2%), ethyl hexanoate (up to 17.4%) and 3-methylbutanol (up to 11.0%). Triacylglycerol composition was found to be dominated by LLL (up to 41.8%), LLP (up to 24.3%), LLO (up to 16.3%) and LOO (up to 11.7%), followed by LOP (up to 9.3%) and LOS/OOO (up to 4.3%). Total phenol content ranged between 59μg/g and 115.5μg/g GAE. Antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was analyzed to range between 0.09μg/g and 1.16μg/g.
Copyright © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The studies presented in this short communication demonstrate that an aqueous extract of rosehip from Rosa canina L. inhibited the chemotaxis as well as chemiluminescence of human peripheral blood leukocytes in vitro. Using a bioassay-guided fraction of the extract, the active principle was shown to be a galactolipid named GOPO®. These in vitro studies demonstrate that rosehip powder exhibits anti-inflammatory as well as anti-oxidant activities.
Different edible tissues of citrus fruit, namely juice sacs (JS), segment membrane (SM), and segment (Seg), of four species, were examined for contents of bioactive compounds and total antioxidant capacities (TAC) by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Two flavanones (naringin and hesperidin) were identified by HPLC; hesperidin accounted for 18.5–38.5% of the total phenolics in the species Citrus unshiu, Citrus reticulata, and Citrus sinensis, while naringin was only found in Citrus changshanensis and it accounted for 53.7% of the total phenolics in SM of this species. In SM of all selected species, the contents of phenolic compounds and TAC were significantly higher than those in JS and Seg. Highest total phenolics, total flavonoids, naringin, and TAC were found in SM of C. changshanensis, while the highest carotenoid content was found in JS of C. reticulata. The contribution of vitamin C to TAC ranged from 26.9% to 45.9% in JS and Seg of all selected species. In SM, however, a high contribution from hesperidin was observed in C. unshiu (54.0%), C. sinensis (46.7%) and C. reticulata (30.0%). The results indicated that SM of citrus fruit were high in contents of bioactive compounds and TAC; it is thus recommended to consume citrus fruit with all edible tissues rather than juice or JS alone.
Phenolic compounds of seven grape seed samples originating from mechanical seed oil extraction were identified and quantified by HPLC–DAD before (intact seeds) and after (press residue) the oil recovery process. Total amounts of all identified compounds ranged from 4.81 (‘Cabernet Mitos’) to 19.12 g/kg (‘Schwarzriesling’) of defatted dry matter (DM; ‘Schwarzriesling’) for integral grape seeds, whereas their content in the press residues ranged from 2.80 (‘Cabernet Mitos’) to 13.76 g/kg of defatted DM (‘Spätburgunder’). This is the first study presenting comprehensive data on the contents of individual phenolic compounds comprising all polyphenolic subclasses of press residues from grape seed oil production also covering the determination of the antioxidant activities of each subclass (Folin–Ciocalteu, FRAP and TEAC assays). Additionally, the effects of different solvents on the yields of phenolic compounds were determined. Maximum yields were obtained using methanol/0.1% HCl (v:v), water [75 °C] and a mixture of ethanol and water [3:1; v:v], respectively, whereas pure ethanol resulted in poor polyphenol extraction. The results of the present study confirm the press residues of grape seed oil production still to be a rich source of polyphenolics with strong antioxidant activity.
The chemical composition and biological properties of three wild fruits (strawberry-tree berries, sloes and dog rose hips) were evaluated, in order to valorise these products as sources of nutrients and nutraceuticals. The analysed fruits contain very useful bioactive phytochemicals such as phenolics, vitamins (ascorbic acid and tocopherols) and carotenoids. All the samples proved to have antioxidant activity (measured by four different in vitro assays) being more significant for rose fruits (EC50 values lower than 90 μg/ml). The combination of bioactive compounds and rich nutritional composition (high contents in carbohydrates, low contents in fat with the precious contribution of polyunsaturated fatty acids, precursors of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids) of the studied wild fruits make them a very special food. .
Fruits of Rosa canina, Rosa dumalis subsp. boissieri, Rosa dumalis subsp. antalyensis, Rosa villosa, Rosa pulverulenta and Rosa pisiformis were assayed for total phenolics, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids, total dry weight, total fat, fatty acids, pH, acidity, moisture, fruit colour and macro- and micro-elements. The highest total phenolic content was observed in Rosa canina (96 mg GAE/g DW). Rosa dumalis subsp. boissieri had the highest total fat content (1.85%), followed by Rosa pulverulenta (1.81%) and Rosa canina (1.78%), respectively. Nine major fatty acids were determined in rose species and α-linolenic acid was found to be dominant for all species. Total soluble solids, total dry weight, moisture and ascorbic acid contents of rose species varied from 29.42% (Rosa villosa)–37.33% (Rosa dumalis subsp. boissieri), 33.85% (Rosa villosa)–40.35% (Rosa dumalis subsp. boissieri), 59.65% (Rosa dumalis subsp. boissieri)–66.15% (Rosa villosa) and 727 mg/100 g FW (Rosa villosa) and 943 mg/100 g FW (Rosa dumalis subsp. boissieri), respectively. Nitrogen and mineral compositions of the rose species, e.g., N, P, K, Ca and Mg, were (averagely): 1.26%, 513 mg/100 g DW, 639 mg/100 g DW, 196 mg/100 g DW and 114 mg/100 g DW, respectively. The present study shows that the native rose genotypes are extremely rich sources of phenolics, carbohydrates and ascorbic acid, demonstrating their potential use as a food or food additive.
Nutrients and technological properties were determined in developing Rosa canina L. fruits (rosehips) from Konya (Hadim) and Kastamonu to investigate potential uses. Completely ripe fruits contained ash, crude oil, crude energy, crude fiber, crude protein, ascorbic acid, dimethyl sulfite (DMS), and minerals including K, P, Mg, Ca and Fe. Also, technological properties such as length and width of fruit, weight of 1000 fruits, projected area, porosity, bulk density, hectoliter weight, skin break resistance were measured. In general, dry matter, crude energy, crude protein, ascorbic acid, water-soluble extract, acidity, DMS, Na, K, P, Mn and Mg contents of Kastamonu rosehip fruits were higher than those of Hadim fruits. Ascorbic acid was also present at high concentrations in the rose fruits. Also, length of fruit, width of fruit, weight of 1000 fruits, projected area and fruit bulk of Kastamonu rose fruits were found to be higher than those of Hadim fruits. Results of the static and dynamic coefficients of friction for both rose fruits were found to be similar.
The aim of the present study was to compare powdered rose hip with and without fruits (Rosae pseudofructus cum/sine fructibus, Rosa canina L., Rosaceae) with regard to their phytochemical profile and their in vitro anti-inflammatory and radical-scavenging properties. The two powders were subsequently extracted with solvents of increasing polarity and tested for inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX-1, COX-2) and of 5-LOX-mediated leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) formation as well as for DPPH-radical-scavenging capacity. While the water and methanol extracts were inactive in the COX-1, COX-2 and LTB(4) inhibition assays, the n-hexane and the dichloromethane extracts inhibited all three enzymes. In the active extracts, the triterpenoic acids ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and betulinic acid were identified, although only in minute amounts. Furthermore, oleic, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid were identified apart from several saturated fatty acids. Even though unsaturated fatty acids are known to be good inhibitors of COX-1, COX-2 and LT formation, no clear correlation between their concentration in the extracts and their activity was found. We suggest that other, yet unidentified, lipophilic constituents might play a more important role for the observed in vitro inhibitory activity on arachidonic acid metabolism. Some of the extracts also showed considerable DPPH radical scavenging activity, the methanolic extracts being most potent. The radical scavenging activity of the extracts correlated very well with their total phenolic content, while ascorbic acid contributes only little to the radical-scavenging activity due to its low concentration present in the extracts. In summary, extracts derived from powdered rose hip without fruits were more effective in all assays carried out compared with extracts derived from powdered rose hip with fruits.
From the rose hip seed, which is generally a waste material, valuable oil can be obtained for medicinal use. Various extraction methods have been compared: traditional solvent extraction with ultrasound-, microwave-, sub- and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Unsaturated fatty acid (UFA: oleic-, linoleic- and linolenic acid; 16.25-22.11%, 35.94-54.75%, 20.29-26.48%) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA:linoleic- and linolenic acid) content were over 90% and 60% in the recovered oils. The oils contained different amounts of metals. The concentration of some metals, particularly iron in microwave oil (27.11 microg g(-1)) is undesirable from the aspect of stability. By traditional solvent extraction, oil was obtained in 4.85 wt/wt%. Subcritical FE appeared to be the best method for the recovery of rose hip oil with highest oil yield (6.68 wt/wt%), carotene- (145.3 microg g(-1)) and linoleic acid content (54.75%). Supercritical FE without organic solvent is suitable for mild recovery of oil. The oil was rich in UFA and PUFA (92.7% and 76.25%) and contained the lowest amount of carotene and pheophytin (36.3 and 45.8 microg g(-1)). Oil yield in most new extraction methods (microwave extraction, super- and subcritical FE) was higher than in the case of traditional Soxhlet extraction. The main benefit of supercritical FE with CO2 is the solvent free oil while in the case of other extractions evaporation of the solvent is needed. Although the content of bioactive compounds in oils was different, all oils may be appropriate for medicinal use.
Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an inverse association between consumption of fruits and vegetables and morbidity and mortality from degenerative diseases. The antioxidant content of fruits and vegetables may contribute to the protection they offer from disease. Because plant foods contain many different classes and types of antioxidants, knowledge of their total antioxidant capacity (TAC), which is the cumulative capacity of food components to scavenge free radicals, would be useful for epidemiologic purposes. To accomplish this, a variety of foods commonly consumed in Italy, including 34 vegetables, 30 fruits, 34 beverages and 6 vegetable oils, were analyzed using three different assays, i.e., Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) and ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP). These assays, based on different chemical mechanisms, were selected to take into account the wide variety and range of action of antioxidant compounds present in actual foods. Among vegetables, spinach had the highest antioxidant capacity in the TEAC and FRAP assays followed by peppers, whereas asparagus had the greatest antioxidant capacity in the TRAP assay. Among fruits, the highest antioxidant activities were found in berries (i.e., blackberry, redcurrant and raspberry) regardless of the assay used. Among beverages, coffee had the greatest TAC, regardless of the method of preparation or analysis, followed by citrus juices, which exhibited the highest value among soft beverages. Finally, of the oils, soybean oil had the highest antioxidant capacity, followed by extra virgin olive oil, whereas peanut oil was less effective. Such data, coupled with an appropriate questionnaire to estimate antioxidant intake, will allow the investigation of the relation between dietary antioxidants and oxidative stress-induced diseases.
In this work, a study about the effect of various operational conditions on the quantity of oil and soluble solids capable of being extracted from rosa mosqueta rosehip seeds is undertaken. Both the particle sizes assayed (0.6mm, 0.6-1mm, and 1-2mm) and the solvent-to-solid ratios (15:1, 25:1, and 50:1) showed a remarkable influence on the extraction efficiency. Extracted substances obtained by using the minor particle size or the maximum solvent-to-solid ratio doubled, at least, those attained by working under any other conditions. A major weight of kinetics upon equilibrium factors can be inferred from the short extraction times and high effective diffusivity values (being the lower one 1.97x10(-11)m(2)s(-1)) assessed for any condition. The antioxidant power of extracts was evaluated by ability to scavenge the DPPH radical. Results noteworthy depended on the solvent used to extract; whilst an approximately 80% DPPH inhibition percentage was reached in ethanol extracts, values of 52.2% or 41% were found in methanol and aqueous extracts, respectively. Even so, antioxidant capacity of Rosa rubiginosa extracts was much higher than that reported for other agricultural matrixes.
Rose hip, rose hip and seed and rose hip seed, all were negatively monographed by the German Commission E due to insufficient evidence of effects and effectiveness. Therefore a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to summarize the pharmacological and clinical effects of Rosa canina L. to reevaluate its usefulness in traditional medicine.
For various preparations of rose hip and rose hip and seed, antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects have been demonstrated. Lipophilic constituents are involved in those mechanisms of action. The proprietary rose hip and seed powder Litozin R has been employed successfully in a number of exploratory studies in patients suffering from osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and low back pain. However, the sizes of the clinical effects for the different indications need to be determined to assure clinical significance.
There is also a rationale behind the use of Litozin R as part of a hypocaloric diet based on the rose hip probiotic, stool regulating and smooth muscle‐relaxing actions, as well as the rose hip seed lipid‐lowering, antiobese and antiulcerogenic effects. Further research is needed to clarify the importance of the reported promising experimental effects in clinical use and to characterize the optimum rose hip seed oil preparation for topical use in the treatment of skin diseases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)--of a hip powder of Rosa canina (rosehip) preparation for symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis (OA), in order to estimate the empirical efficacy as a pain reducing compound.
RCTs from systematic searches were included if they explicitly stated that OA patients were randomized to either rosehip or placebo. The primary outcome was reduction in pain calculated as effect size (ES), defined as the standardized mean difference (SMD). As secondary analysis the number of responders to therapy was analyzed as Odds Ratios (OR), and expressed as the Number Needed to Treat (NNT). Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) methods were applied for the meta-analyses using mixed effects models.
The three studies (287 patients and a median trial-duration of 3 months)--all supported by the manufacturer (Hyben-Vital International)--showed a reduction in pain scores by rosehip powder (145 patients) compared to placebo (142 patients): ES of 0.37 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.13-0.60], P=0.002. Test for homogeneity seemed to support that the efficacy was consistent across trials (I(2)=0%). Thus it seems reasonable to assume that the three studies were measuring the same overall effect. It seemed twice as likely that a patient allocated to rosehip powder would respond to therapy, compared to placebo (OR=2.19; P=0.0009); corresponding to a NNT of six (95% CI: 4-13) patients.
Although based on a sparse amount of data, the results of the present meta-analysis indicate that rosehip powder does reduce pain; accordingly it may be of interest as a nutraceutical, although its efficacy and safety need evaluation and independent replication in a future large-scale/long-term trial.
Characterization of a potential nutraceutical ingredients: Pomegranate (Punica granutum L.) seed oil unsaponifiable fraction. Plants Food Human Nutrition
- A Caligani
- F Bonzanini
- G Palla
- M Cirlini
- R Bruni
Caligani, A.; Bonzanini, F.; Palla, G.; Cirlini, M.; Bruni, R. Characterization of a potential
nutraceutical ingredients: Pomegranate (Punica granutum L.) seed oil unsaponifiable fraction.
Plants Food Human Nutrition 2010, 65, 277-283.
Total antioxidant capacity of plant foods, beverages, and oils consumed in Italy assessed by three different vitro assays
- N Pellegrini
- M Serafini
- B Colombi
- D Del Rio
- S Salvatore
- M Blanchi
- F Brighenti