Volcanospéléologie en ISLANDE perspectives scientifiques et émergence du géotourisme

Abstract

Les tunnels de lave islandais apparaissent dans les sagas dès le XIIIe siècle mais leur étude scientifique est très récente. La prise de conscience de l’intérêt des tunnels de lave n’a réellement eu lieu que depuis une trentaine d’années. Nous retraçons les grandes étapes des découvertes de ce monde souterrain particulier qui a inspiré les hommes, du voyage au centre de la Terre à la naissance de la volcanospéléologie.
Nous présentons un rapide état des connaissances en matière de tunnels de lave et de spéléothèmes (lavacicles) volcaniques.
Nous jetons alors les bases de la contribution de la volcanospéléologie aux géosciences.
Enfin, nous présentons une dizaine de tunnels de lave islandais remarquables avant de conclure sur le développement du géotourisme et l’intérêt croissant suscité par les zones volcaniques et géothermales auprès des voyageurs.

Full text

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Volcanospéléologie en ISLANDE
perspectives scientifiques et émergence du géotourisme
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Nom Pays État Longueur (m) Dénivelé (m)
1 Kazumura Cave USA Hawaï 65 500
27 785
26 554
20 744
17 032
16 000
11 749
10 800
9 152
8 928
8 707
6 500
6 450
6 315
6 197
6 100
5 547
5 439
5 145
4 952
1 101,5
2 Hualalai Ranch Cave USA Hawaï 441,7
232,3
436,8
560,0
350,5
494,7
408,0
185,9
102,7
143,0
72,0
300
188,1
54,0
160,6
3 Kipuka Kanohina (Kula Kai Caverns) USA Hawaï
4 Emesine Cave (1881 System) USA Hawaï
5 Cueva del Viento-Cueva del Sobrado Espagne Canaries
6 Pahoa Cave(s) (segmentation?) USA Hawaï
7 Bilemot Gul Corée du Sud Île de Cheju
8 Hue Hue Cave USA Hawaï
9 Leviathan (longest segment) Kenya Chyulu Hills
10 Manjang Gul Corée du Sud Île de Cheju
11 Keala Cave USA Hawaï
12 Roiho Cave System Chili Easter Island
13 Pueo Cave USA Hawaï
14 Cueva de Don Justo Espagne Canaries
15 Ferrocarril-Mina Inferior Mexique Morelos
16 Complejo de la Cueva de los Jameos - Verdes Espagne Canaries
17 Lama Lua System USA Hawaï
18 Gruta das Torres Pico Portugal Açores
19 Iglesia-Mina Superior Mexique Morelos
20 Kaupulehu System USA Hawaï
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Laufbalavatn 5 012
5 000
4 012
3 490
1 970
1 913
1 584
1 520
1 500
1 360
1 108
1 100
1 096
1 025
1 000
982
913
Surtshellir-Stefánshellir et Hulduhellir
Kalmanshellir
Surtshellir-Stefánshellir
Surtshellir
Idrafossar
Víðgelmir
Stefánshellir
Hulduhellir
Raufarhólshellir
Volundur
Vorduhellir-Litli-Bjorn
Floki
Búri
Langiþrongur
Flodhellir
Blami
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