The hosting of sporting events has continued to grow in importance for both sport management academics and practitioners in recent years. This interest has emerged in part due to the continued interest of cities, regions, and countries in submitting bids for the opportunity to host a wide variety of sporting events with the hope of producing a positive hosting legacy. In more recent years, many
... [Show full abstract] issues including the cost to bid for these events has escalated exponentially, making the venture even more risky. For example, it has been reported that it can cost upwards of $40 million dollars to even prepare for and submit a candidature file for the Olympic Games (Ha, 2014). Despite the large investment of resources to become a candidate, however, only one city is selected to host each edition. As such, a failed submission can be crippling for the majority of the ‘losers’ within the bidding process for variety of reasons (Lauermann, 2015). As interest in pursuing the hosting of sporting events remains, while risks associated with doing so are continuing to rise, it is important to capture the extent of the existing literature base surrounding failed bids to help develop a future research agenda for the area.
