Maker: The New Industrial Revolution
Abstract
"Wired" magazine editor and bestselling author Anderson takes readers to the front lines of a new industrial revolution as today's entrepreneurs, using open source design and 3-D printing, bring manufacturing to the desktop.
... According to Wu et al. (2013), cloud manufacturing "refers to a product realization model that enables collective open innovation and rapid product development with minimum costs through a social networking and negotiation platform between service providers and consumers. " Recently, new economically viable design and manufacturing models have been developed for the production of small consumer goods and accessories, reflected by the popular websites Ponoko and Shapeways (Anderson, 2012). ...
... One known method used to facilitate and expand the application of novel technologies is the use of an open-source system based on three criterions (Anderson, 2012): ...
... It being a New Zealand-based online service for manufacturing companies founded in 2007, Ponoko serves as an intermediatory between users and makers. Its success shows the growing interest customers have in buying online digital designs for small objects and accessories (Anderson, 2012). ...
... Using the 3DP companies to frame the Makers' Movement (Anderson, 2012;Beltagui et al., 2020;Halbinger, 2018) as a partner is a coupled OI process-i.e. an OI process that can be considered at the same time both an inbound and an outbound oneto integrate their competences and knowledge with those of the company and its partners in the traditional value chain (Gassmann and Enkel, 2004). ...
... The case highlights how the unexpected requests of ventilator masks linked to the COVID-19 pandemic showed the pitfall of traditional supply chains (da Costa et al., 2012) and, at the same time, the opportunity to experiment using the adoption of 3DP products in many different parts of the world with a glocalized approach (Bogers et al., 2016) to create a new, decentralized, supply-chain engaging the Makers' Movement (Anderson, 2012;Halbinger, 2018;Beltagui et al., 2020) and several other companies in a real open design approach (Raasch et al., 2009). ...
... In fact, the case shows that a broad set of competences was not only needed in the first part of the project, the one on defining the concept and producing, and testing, the design, but it has been central to improve the project as well. This finding is consistent with existing research that these projects can be easily adapted, or modified, using some free and easy to use software without a deep knowledge of CAD software, companies may leverage local communities not only to produce the final component, but they may be functional in improving the project or in adapting it to some specific situations (Anderson, 2012;Rayna et al., 2015;Halbinger, 2018;Beltagui et al., 2020). All in all, the paper adds to the body of knowledge on OI, shedding light on how to create value for communities through outbound OI processes, often neglected by the literature, which mostly focused on inbound OI (Chesbrough and Brunswicker, 2014). ...
Purpose
Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, also known as three-dimensional printing (3DP), is a technological breakthrough that have the potential to disrupt the traditional operations of supply chains. They open the way to a supply chains innovation that can significantly benefit hospitals and health-related organizations in dealing with crises or unexpected events in a faster and more flexible way. In this study the authors identify the boundary of this potential support.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors adopt a case study approach to understand the dynamics behind a well-known best practice to identify the main opportunities and the main pitfalls that AM may pose to health-related organizations wanting to leverage them.
Findings
The case highlights that it is possible to increase hospital flexibility using AM and that by leveraging the Internet it is possible to spread the benefits faster than what it would be normally possible using traditional supply chain processes. At the same time the case highlights that leveraging these technologies needs buy-in from all the relevant stakeholders.
Originality/value
The paper is one of the first, to the best of the authors' knowledge, to highlight the main opportunities and difficulties of implementing 3DP technologies in hospital supply chain management.
... Maker pedagogy is relatively a new improvement concerning with the principles of maker movement, which involves people to design, create, and develop things of value. Anderson is the pioneer in the maker movement involving development of small-scale production of technological devices (Anderson, 2012). This Maker approach can be broadly classified into the category of Higher-Order-Thinking (HOT) skills, which involves kinesthetic learning by "do-it-yourself (DIY)" culture (Bullock & Sator, 2015). ...
... To be more precise, the maker culture includes physicality, participatory action, collaboration and ethos of sharing using networked approaches (Bullock & Sator, 2015). Anderson is the pioneer in the maker movement involving development of small-scale production of technological devices (Anderson, 2012 Table 2 traces the phases proposed in maker-based online pedagogy with reference to machine drawing course. ...
Drawing is a visual mode of communication. Teaching drawing requires one‐to‐one personal interaction among the tutor and the learner. The technical drawing is no exception, and it requires a considerable amount of imagination skills. On‐line mode of pedagogy shall be occupying a substantial portion of the mode of delivery in teaching and learning during, as well as, after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic era. This work focuses on the training and knowledge sharing of machine drawing skills through online mode, which is the requirement of the present era. A knowledge management perspective for machine drawing pedagogy is involved in this work. Challenges in the online pedagogy of machine drawing are deliberated through Ishikawa diagram and service Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. A maker education perspective of online machine drawing pedagogy is delineated. An approach toward knowledge workforce, knowledge transfer, and tacit knowledge is adopted for online teaching of machine drawing. Finally, conclusions are drawn in context of online pedagogy for a spatial visualization–based course like machine drawing.
... That said, to understand fully the contribution that Fab Labs can make to local development, it is necessary to briefly introduce the technological and organizational changes taking place in the manufacturing sector, which have given rise to talk of a new -third or fourth -'industrial revolution' (Anderson, 2012;Schwab, 2016;The Economist, 2012). In this new scenario -often referred to as Industry 4.0 -digitization/automation of fabrication, product diversification, online trade and open innovation, all feature as relevant factors (Benkler, 2003;Chesbrough, 2006;Ramella, 2016). ...
... The new digital production technologies, in fact, can be very efficient for small series production since they make it possible to vary the goods without a significant change in unit cost based on the volume of production, therefore offering enormous potential for product customization. This is why several observers have noted that there is a potential for 'mass markets for niche products', since new forms of artisanal entrepreneurship can develop by exploiting both new digital technologies and 'long tail' economies (Anderson, 2006(Anderson, , 2012. In other words, new possibilities are opening up for small entrepreneurs, who are able to intercept demand from global markets for goods that would not find an adequate demand at a local level. ...
Makerspaces are collaborative public spaces where new forms of work are developed within the collaborative economy. Within makerspaces, Fab Labs are workshops, open to the public, that offer tools and services for digital manufacturing, thus promoting social and economic innovation from grassroots. Existing research has shown as freedom of access allows communities that share interests in product development to come together and trigger a mechanism of contamination between skills and ongoing informal training. In this sense, makerspaces are capable of activating virtuous relationships with the surrounding environment, producing “local collective goods”. The chapter shows where these workshops have emerged in the first place and then looks at how they have been spreading in recent years. These dynamics of diffusion are shown with a particular reference to Italian case, specifying how national and local factors favored their development. The makerspace are particularly interesting case that is positioned on the international scientific discussion about how the loci of digital fabrication are changing.
... At the core of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) are pervasive digital technologies, which make it possible to radically change the nature of product and service innovations and continuously form new technological innovations (Anderson, 2012;Oke & Fernandes, 2020;Yoo et al., 2012). Therefore, there is a need to engage young people to participate in the technology-mediated practices and for them to learn to integrate ubiquitous and complex technology competence with innovating. ...
... Diese Form der Wissensproduktion hat sich mittlerweile nicht nur in sämtlichen Bereichen der Softwareindustrie etabliert, sondern entwickelt sich demnach auch im Hardware-Bereich dynamisch und wird für die Ausgestaltung von technologischen Zukunftsfeldern wie das Internet der Dinge, Robotik, maschinelles Lernen und Künstliche Intelligenz eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die mit Open Source verbundene Kultur des Teilens ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Maker-Bewegung (Anderson, 2014), deren Bedeutungszunahme sich an der weltweiten Zahl von Fablabs (Gershenfeld, 2005), offenen Werkstätten (Simons et al., 2016) und Makerspaces (Paulo et al., 2017) zeigt. Auch für die Entwicklung nachhaltiger Handlungsfelder, wie Circular Economy (Charter & Keiller, 2014;Prendeville et al., 2017), dezentrale Fertigung (Kohtala, 2015;Kohtala & Hyysalo, 2015;Petschow, 2016) und Smart Energy (Grosse, 2018;Hyysalo et al., 2018) stoßen Open-Source-Communities Innovationen an, indem sie verteilte Wissensbestände und plurale Zielorientierungen zusammenbringen und alternative technologische Entwicklungspfade ausloten (Kohtala, 2016;Osunyomi et al., 2016;Peuckert et al., 2020). ...
Technische Lösungen werden als quelloffen (open source) bezeichnet, wenn sie öffentlich zugänglich sind, so dass jeder sie studieren, verändern, verbreiten, produzieren und verkaufen kann. An Open-Source-Projekten zeigen sich beispielhaft der Erfindungsreichtum und die Gestaltungskraft von Peer-Communities bei der gemeinsamen Entwicklung und Verbreitung neuer Technologien. Der Arbeitsbericht untersucht die Zusammenarbeit von Gleichgesinnten in den Open-Source-Communities OpenEnergyMonitor, OpenStreetMap und Precious Plastic als prominente Fallbeispiele für Peer-Innovation mit Nachhaltigkeitsrelevanz. Der Bericht nutzt quantitative und qualitative empirische Analysemethoden, um die Online-Interaktion der Communities nachzuvollziehen, die Netzwerke zu beschreiben und zu visualisieren und ihre Bedeutung für das Innovationsgeschehen besser zu verstehen. Die Fallstudien zeigen die Unterschiedlichkeit der Open-Source-Communities auf und die Vielfalt ihrer Beiträge zum soziotechnischen Wandel. Die Entwicklung und Verbreitung technischer Lösungen ist nur ein Aspekt, mit dem diese Netzwerke zur Entstehung und gesellschaftlichen Verankerung nachhaltiger Innovationen beitragen.
... The concept of "innovation and entrepreneurship education" gradually entered people's field of vision and developed rapidly [1] , giving birth to a new concept of "maker" education. "Maker" refers to people who are willing to practice and share, and strive to turn various ideas into reality person [2] . Maker education is the need to promote the comprehensive reform of higher education and improve the quality of personnel training. ...
The development and training of innovative and entrepreneurial talents is the basic support for enhancing the national core competitiveness, and the training of innovative and entrepreneurial talents has become an important mission of higher education. From the perspective of maker culture, the cultivation of college students’ innovation and entrepreneurship ability has the dilemma of deviation of educational concept, weakened educational carrier, and inefficient evaluation of quality,To this end, build an information network, innovate the education system, and create a cultivation ecology of educational atmosphere, in order to cultivate more campus makers.
... Para ello llama al ciudadano común a desarrollar y producir objetos, ya sean digitales o físicos, utilizando nuevas técnicas o herramientas como las impresoras 3D en espacios abiertos, talleres o laboratorios (Schön, Ebner, & Kumar, 2014). Chris (2012) señala que el movimiento maker incorpora una amplia gama de actividades que van desde la artesanía hasta el uso de tecnologías complejas, y concibe el movimiento maker como "la nueva revolución industrial" (p. 16). ...
Las Tecnotecas son nuevos espacios institucionales que intentan hacerse del favor de instituciones educativas y sociales para alojar nuevas formas de la cultura tecnocientífica popular. Pero no nacen de un repollo. Recorren una genealogía que se remontan a los hackerspaces. Disponen, si así lo quieren, de una rica herencia, linaje, genealogía de espacios de conocimiento tecnocientífico disidente. Desde la autogestión Punk hasta el activismo hacker.
¿Qué podemos reconocer y aprovechar de los significados culturales de dicha herencia? ¿Qué aprendizajes o lección podemos obtener de los intentos de construir una arquitectura organizacional de espacios hacker/maker para el sur global? ¿Cuáles son los imaginarios sociotécnicos que abren en tiempos de la industria 4.0?
... Bean et al. (2015) study maker spaces. These are new working spaces targeted to makers (Anderson, 2012), namely professional creators operating with cutting-edge technologies (e.g., deep tech entrepreneurs and radical innovators). As these workers are mainly in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematical professions (STEM), the authors associate the scarcity of women in maker spaces with their low presence in STEM 11 . ...
This study undertakes a systematic literature review (SLR) on how the workspace influences female workers and, more generally, gender equality. Within the broader context of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DE&I) matters, gender issues have attracted ample attention from scholars and policymakers. However, research on the specific topic of this SLR is sparse and fragmented, especially for what concerns the implications on workplace design and management. This paper systematizes the actual knowledge on the subject by reviewing 68 articles published in the last 10 years. Authors critically analyze these articles according to two vital spatial elements: workspace typologies and workspace interiors. The reviewed articles document a general convincement shared by different scientific fields that the workspace affects women and men differently. The results show that space is a crucial element for enhancing gender equality in the workplace. Although the reviewed articles cover multiple disciplines, an interdisciplinary approach is still missing. The concluding section proposes a future research agenda, novel theoretical approaches and methodological advancements, while highlighting practical implications.
... Though extremely heterogeneous, the maker movement inspires people to 'do something' , gather around a common project and build a sense of common purpose, accrue social capital through online and offline networks, and wrench control over their lives from the hands of experts and elites (Davies 2017: 19-27). As such, it is often heralded as a new industrial revolution, or new culture of (global) citizenship (Anderson 2012) that is part of, and speaks to, a broader social movement that addresses some of the social anxieties (such as food and job security) that, in Europe and the USA , gained salience after the 2008 financial crisis (Davies 2017). Yet, there is considerable tension between the movement's rhetoric and practice, and the way 'making' is being commercialized and propagated in Europe and the USA has attracted quite a lot of criticism. ...
This chapter is part of an ongoing research ('CityLabs') focusing on the role that so-called makerspaces and hackerspaces (may) play in developing new forms of bottom-up urbanity.
... In recent years, it has improved by being linked to the digital economy through the separation of product design from manufacturing capabilities and use together with 3D CAD software and Computer Numerical Control 18 (CNC) machining (Berman, 2012;HUBS, 2020). The potential of 3D printing as a spark of the new industrial revolution is discussed in Karlgraad (2011), Anderson (2012) and Rayna et al. (2015), amongst others. For late industrialising countries, the attractiveness of 3D-printing is in being able potentially to avoid realising economies of scale in production, obtaining cheaper inputs and spare-parts in manufacturing, being able to make more affordable and faster prototypes, reduce assembly costs, and customise production to local demand (Berman 2012;Kleer and Piller, 2019;Weller et al., 2015, Khajavi et al., 2014. ...
The digital (or 4th industrial) revolution has made industrialisation harder by being less consequential for structural transformation that was initially hoped for and by giving rise to digital platforms that have come to dominate the global economic landscape. This paper explains why diminished expectations of the 4th industrial revolution are justified and describe the rise of digital platforms and platform capitalism. The implications for late industrialisation are discussed, and three broad recommendations for digital industrial policies are made. First, digital industrial policies should respond appropriately to the industrial policies of advanced manufacturing countries wherein digital platforms are increasingly taking centre stage. Two, regulation, including setting the rules for markets under digital platform capitalism, is necessary for developing countries to limit the potential adverse consequences of digital platforms. Third, a more supportive environment for home-grown digital platforms in late industrialising countries are needed, such that home-grown platforms can avoid being locked into the West or China's technology hardware, standards, and cyber governance systems on adverse terms.
... Monimateriaalisissa käsityöprojekteissa teknisen työn sisältöinä ja vahvuuksina pidetyt teknologinen yleissivistys, digitaalitekniikka, insinöörisuunnittelu, automaatio ja robotiikka (Heinonen, 2002;Metsärinne ym., 2017;Pöllänen ym., 2019) samoin kuin tekstiilityöstä muotoiluorientaatio ja ilmaisupainotteisuus (Pöllänen, , 2011 sekä molemmille yhteinen tietokoneavusteinen suunnittelu ja valmistus ovat mahdollisia kaikille oppijoille tasapuolisesti (Pöllänen ym., 2019). Koko-nainen käsityöprosessi voi luontevasti pohjautua itse tekemiseen, vertaisuuteen ja avoimuuteen perustuvaan maker-kulttuuriin (Oxman Ryan, Clapp, Ross, & Tishman, 2016), jossa hyödynnetään kehittynyttä teknologiaa, globaalia tietoverkostoa, avoimen lähdekoodin ohjelmistoja, avoimia työskentelytiloja ja -ympäristöjä sekä yhteisöllisyyttä (Anderson, 2012;Kafai, 2016). ...
Peruskoulun käsityö on monimateriaalinen oppiaine, jonka sisältöjä ja toimintaa tukevat sekä teknisen työn että tekstiilityön työtavat. Perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteiden mukaan käsityön tehtävänä on ohjata oppilaita kokonaisen käsityöprosessin hallintaan. Kokonaista käsityöprosessia ja monimateriaalisuutta toteuttava käsityö on kuitenkin koettu epäselväksi ja vaikeaksi toteuttaa. Ongelmalliseksi on koettu resurssien rajallisuus sekä se, että teknisen työn ja tekstiilityön työtapojen oppimisympäristöt sijaitsevat usein erillään toisistaan. Lisäksi käsityötä opettavien koulutustausta ja perehtyneisyys eri käsityön työtapoihin on vaihteleva riippuen opintojen sisällöistä ja harrastuneisuudesta. Tämän kuvailevan kirjallisuuskatsauksen tavoitteena on konkretisoida esimerkein pedagogisia lähtökohtia käsityön monimateriaalisuuteen. Näiden lähtökohtien taustoittamiseksi kuvataan myös käsityöoppiaineen opetuksen organisoinnissa tapahtuneita muutoksia ja avataan monimateriaalisuuden käsitettä sekä siihen liittyviä reunaehtoja. Monimateriaalisuutta kuvaavissa pedagogisissa esimerkeissä on nostettu esiin, miten monimateriaalisuus näyttäytyy opiskeltavana sisältönä ja miten se välittyy oppilaille yksin tai yhdessä työskenneltäessä. Multi-materiality in Basic education Craft education Abstract Craft education is a multi-material-based school subject in basic education, the contents, and activities of which are supported by the working methods of both technical work and textiles. According to the National Core Curriculum, the role of craft teaching is to guide students in mastering the entire holistic craft process. However, the concept of multi-material-based holistic craft has been found to be unclear and difficult to implement. Furthermore, the different learning environments for teaching technical work and textiles have caused problems. Craft has generally been taught by two different teachers, who have studied either technical work or textiles. The aim of this literature review is to describe different pedagogical solutions that can be utilized in the implementation of multi-material handicraft. To illustrate these examples, changes in the teaching of craft subject are also described and the concept of multi-materiality and the related boundary conditions are opened. The description of each pedagogical orientation illustrates how multi-materiality is seen as a learning content and how it is conveyed to pupils when working alone or together. Keywords: Multi-material, holistic craft process, craft education, basic education
... In Germany alone there are now over 200 makerspaces spread across the whole country, although primarily in the larger cities ( Figure 1). The origins of today's maker movement (Anderson 2012, Hatch 2013 can be traced back to the hacker community of the late twentieth century, who worked collaboratively on software and hardware in so-called hackerspaces (Cavalcanti 2013a). Indeed, some makerspaces call themselves hackerspaces, drawing on the hacker movement, although this is not an established term, unlike that of fab labs (fabrication laboratories), a concept initiated in 2001 by Neil Gershenfeld from MIT which also had considerable inf luence on the maker movement and serves as a point of reference for many makerspaces (Gershenfeld 2005). ...
Post-Growth Geographies examines the spatial relations of diverse and alternative economies between growth-oriented institutions and multiple socio-ecological crises. The book brings together conceptual and empirical contributions from geography and its neighbouring disciplines and offers different perspectives on the possibilities, demands and critiques of post-growth transformation. Through case studies and interviews, the contributions combine voices from activism, civil society, planning and politics with current theoretical debates on socio-ecological transformation.
... La presència de les TIC en tots els àmbits de la societat, ja siguin formals o informals, creix a un ritme esbalaïdor. Ja fa gairebé una dècada que Anderson (2012), antic cap d'edició de la popular revista Wired, va referir-se a aquest fenomen com la "nova revolució industrial". L'educació, per descomptat, no hi és aliena, i duu anys provant d'incorporar les TIC amb mestria a la seua praxi habitual. ...
La presència de les TIC en l'àmbit educatiu és una realitat que respon a la transformació social motivada pel desenvolupament tecnològic que estem vivint des de fa algunes dècades. Des dels inicis, la comunitat educativa ha provat d'estudiar, analitzar i definir les metodologies idònies per a l'aplicació d'aquests nous paradigmes docents a tots els àmbits. La docència del català no n'és una excepció, i les diferents possibilitats que ofereixen els avanços tecnològics poden aprofitar-se per obtenir resultats formatius molt interessants. Amb el focus en l'ensenyament del català a adolescents de parla no nativa, aquest treball investiga la implementació de dinàmiques basades en l'ús de videojocs a través de les TIC. L'article abasta tot el procés de disseny, creació, implementació i avaluació de la proposta. Es descriuen els beneficis de les dinàmiques lúdiques, contextualitzades i en suport TIC, i se'n proposa una. S'ofereixen les pautes de disseny i implementació en l'àmbit de l'educació formal, i es posa en pràctica en un context d'aplicació real. S'idea una estratègia de recull de dades per valorar els resultats de la dinàmica proposada, i es mostren els resultats observats. S'interpreten les dades obtingudes amb una visió crítica i es reflexiona i discuteix sobre les seues implicacions. Com a resultat, s'extrauen les conclusions adients amb recomanacions i pautes de desenvolupament i implementació de seqüències d'aprenentatge significatiu a través dels videojocs.
... This movement continues a long pedagogical tradition of learning-by-doing (Dewey,1916(Dewey, /2009Harel and Papert, 1991) and mirrors natural human practice and culture; humans make things for pleasure (Korn, 2015) as well as to survive and make a living (Rose, 2014;Vossoughi et al., 2016). In education, making and tinkering (a similar practice to making) are avenues for disciplinary learning science, technology, engineering, art and math (Calabrese Barton and Tan, 2018;Honey and Kanter, 2013;Peppler and Bender 2013), workforce development (Anderson, 2012;Hatch, 2014), persistence in the face of failures during the development of innovative and entrepreneurial skills (Benton et al., 2013) and technical literacy (Lande and Jordan, 2014). ...
... The most visible of these lineages is that of Maker Media, the for-profit corporation whose Make magazine and network of Maker Faires helped marshal distributed DIY enthusiasts into an organized, branded Maker Movement (C. Anderson, 2012;Bean & Rosner, 2013). However, some observers invoke different historiographies-arguing that making should be seen as the upshot of earlier grassroots efforts that predate Maker Media's founding in 2005. ...
Background/Context
Researchers, policy makers, and practitioners are paying increasing attention to the educational opportunities afforded by the maker movement—a growing public interested in do-it-yourself designing, remixing, and tinkering using physical and digital tools. While education research on “making” has often focused on informal learning contexts, this article examines the possibilities and tensions that surface as a new urban public high school brings making to the center of its teaching and learning.
Focus of Study
This research examines the learning opportunities that emerged as students engaged in their school's Media Production Makerspace. Focusing on the ways students created, remixed, and shared individual and collaborative media texts in the classroom, the study asks: What are the resources and constraints of the Media Production Makerspace's learning ecology for students from nondominant communities, and what practices, tools, and knowledge do students draw on and develop as they engage in school-based making activities and extend those to other audiences?
Setting
The study is situated in the Collaborative Design School, a non-selective urban public high school organized around principles of making and the maker movement.
Research Design
This study was a social design experiment that followed 45 high school freshmen in the Collaborative Design School's media makerspace over three design cycles during the 2014–2015 school year.
Conclusions/Recommendations
The study revealed that the work of cultivating and mobilizing audiences was central to young people's making activities. However, the ways these audiences were cultivated and mobilized depended on a number of historical, cultural, social, and political factors and involved significant labor by multiple stakeholders. To mobilize audiences into meaningful publics oriented toward collective action, young people needed to see themselves as civic actors who could contribute to broader public conversations and whose opinions, perspectives, and experiences mattered. In tracing the tensions that arose in this process of making publics, the authors suggest that integrating makerspaces in schools can lead to powerful learning opportunities and serve as generative routes to civic action for some students but also that makerspaces should not be positioned as panaceas that can be inserted into schools as an autonomous fix.
... But the concept of a complex cultural space is a concept that has recently begun to be used, and in Europe, the United States and the United Kingdom, it is called makerspace or hackerspace or by various other names, and one can think of it as a concept that adds this function. Therefore, there are few prior studies or cases, and it is a space that is rapidly being built to revitalize libraries in Korea (Maker Media and Deloitte, 2013;Maker Culture, 2020;Lang, 2013;Hatch, 2014;Anderson, 2012;Aliceonnet, 2015;Hong and Park, 2015;KOFAC, 2016;Chang, 2017;Me-Kyeong-Chun-Ch, 2012;Democratic Party of Korea, 2017;Noh, 2014). ...
Purpose
This study surveyed users and librarians who have been transforming libraries into a complex cultural space by reflecting the trends of the times, investigated and analyzed various status of complex cultural spaces, including perceptional differences among different groups and made an attempt to present a direction for the diversification of library's role.
Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzes the difference between the level of importance and the level of satisfaction for the operational style and use of complex cultural spaces, current status and use of programs and services of libraries as well as the perceptual difference between librarians and users. In order to do so, opinions were collected from librarians who operate complex cultural spaces and users who use the spaces.
Findings
First, the study compared to see if there is a difference between the preferred complex cultural space of libraries and the type of complex cultural space actually provided by libraries. Libraries do not only have data spaces but also made education space, performance space, exhibition space, rest space, community space and experience space available for users. Users were found to more frequently use exhibition space, performance space, rest space and education space among other spaces whereas the utilization rate of community space and experience space was identified to be significantly low. Second, this study also compared to see if there is a difference between users' preference for the type of programs operated by library's complex cultural spaces and the actual programs offered. The comparison of perceived differences between librarians who are the operators of the programs and users who participate in the programs is to compare and improve the consistency of supply and demand. As a result, it was found that the supply and demand for educational programs were most consistent, which would lead to higher participation rate and enhanced operational performance and satisfaction with libraries. Lastly, investigations were carried out to see whether there is a difference in the levels of importance and satisfaction for the operation of complex cultural spaces and perceptional difference between libraries and users. Comprehensively analyzing the results, in the first quadrant of “Keep the Good Work,” librarians showed a higher level of perception compared to users. In particular, librarians were found to have a different perception towards programs (contents) compared to users. Based on such results, a systematic program must be considered when planning for library programs in order to increase uses' satisfaction. In addition, in the second quadrant of “Concentrate Here,” with a high importance and low satisfaction, users showed a high level of importance for programs (contents) whereas libraries identified accessibility as a more important factor, indicating a big perceptional difference between users and librarians.
Research limitations/implications
This study examines the differences between the opinions of operators who create complex cultural spaces and operate programs in the spaces and the opinions of users who participate in the spaces and programs, and it was found that no other studies in Korea and overseas have done the same yet. In addition, it carries a significant meaning in that it does not only investigate the perceptions towards importance and satisfaction, but also suggests improvement directions based on the perceptional differences between users and librarians. In other words, librarians who implement policies at actual sites seem to be able to reflect the results of this study and decide the operation direction of the library.
Originality/value
Users also participate in various services and programs that library's complex cultural spaces offer and enjoy their cultural life. It carries a significant meaning in that the study evaluates the importance-satisfaction of factors affecting the use of complex cultural spaces of libraries by examining perceptions of those users who actually have the experience of using library's complex cultural spaces when the number of libraries attempting to transform into a multicultural space increases. The study made an attempt to enrich the knowledge and understanding of users' visit/use of libraries, suggest improvement directions and factors to focus. Continuous efforts and additional studies must be made in order to vitalize library's complex cultural spaces and secure the position of a cultural facility as well as a communication space located at the heart of regional society.
... La rapida evoluzione delle tecnologie, le crisi economiche che hanno caratterizzato gli ultimi decenni, il ripensamento dei sistemi produttivi hanno portato alla riscoperta del lavoro artigiano nelle società avanzate, in forme 2 Tra i numerosi riferimenti, nel panorama internazionale spicca Fab Foundation (https://fabfoundation.org/) e nel panorama italiano merita di essere citato Make in Italy (http://www.makeinitaly.org/). rinnovate, coerenti con il loro connotarsi come società della conoscenza, generando un'innovazione che parte dal basso (Anderson, 2012), frutto dell'ingegno e della creatività di piccoli gruppi in rete tra loro, replicando un modello di costruzione condivisa di conoscenza già praticata comunemente attraverso il web, secondo quello che appare un processo di democratizzazione dell'innovazione (von Hippel, 2005). ...
The contribution analyzes the scientific literature from 2000 to 2021 to determine in which training contexts makerspaces are used and for what purposes, for preschool and school age children and youth. The scoping review shows that many experiences are documented in literature, but few experimental studies exist. However, the examples collected, of a constructionist nature, show some privileged areas of intervention: makerspaces are recognized as a valid tool for the development of problem solving and creativity skills, for a more conscious application in the technical-scientific-artistic disciplines, for the creation of inclusive contexts, in situations of social disease or of people more frequently excluded and underrepresented.
Makerspace, ambienti di apprendimento flessibili e inclusivi. Una scoping review
Il contributo analizza la letteratura scientifica dal 2000 al 2021 per determinare in quali contesti formativi siano utilizzati i makerspace e con quali finalità, per bambini e ragazzi di età prescolare e scolare. La scoping review mostra che in letteratura sono documentate molte esperienze, ma esistono pochi studi sperimentali. Gli esempi raccolti, di stampo costruzionista, mostrano però alcune aree privilegiate di intervento: i makerspace sono riconosciuti come valido strumento per lo sviluppo di competenze di problem solving e creatività, per una più consapevole applicazione nelle discipline tecnico-scientifiche-artistiche, per la realizzazione di contesti inclusivi soprattutto in situazioni di disagio sociale o di persone più frequentemente escluse e sottorappresentate.
... First, we lack understanding of how Industry 4.0 technologies actually change value creation patterns of newly emerging producers in urban contexts. While a growing stream of research explores how digitalization changes value creation in urban maker movements (e.g., Anderson, 2012;Bellandi et al., 2019;Lange & Bürkner, 2018), the issue how it transforms value creation in urban manufacturing remains unstudied. A critical analysis of 'real and speculated effects' (Pfeiffer, 2017, p. 108) of Industry 4.0 on urban production seems due. ...
Enabled by Industry 4.0, new forms of productive value creation emerge in urban spaces. But how the value creation of new digital urban production (DUP) differs from that of incumbent manufacturing and how it benefits from urban contexts remain unclear. Closing this gap, we study DUP firms in selected cities of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. Results indicate that DUP integrates production and design, and it displays circular problem-based value creation to develop complex production-related solutions. At urban locations, DUP draws particular advantages from proximity to customers, employees and knowledge – conducive context qualities which outweigh the ‘footloosening’ powers of digital tools.
... That definition is itself extremely vague, in part, because the maker movement is simultaneously heterogeneous, inchoate, and ubiquitous. A maker can be an individual building a 3D printer from an online guide but can also be someone cooking a family meal or a computer scientist creating a new web service (Anderson, 2012). ...
Makerspaces are providing new opportunities for entrepreneurial development. The objective of this article is to explore the importance of makerspace in academic libraries, and with a focus on understanding its role on building future entrepreneurs. While many libraries have supported digital humanities and digital scholarship, the emergence of makerspace has led to new approaches to learning and knowledge creation within the library and campus ecosystem. Makerspace has also played a pivotal role in building entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs and small businesses are widely understood to be engines of economic growth and innovation. Libraries meet the needs of aspiring entrepreneurs of all backgrounds, in every part of our nation. So, the makerspace has a vital role in the upbringing of entrepreneurs. The writers concluded that maker moment attracts students, innovators, emerging entrepreneurs to create innovative object design, and so this they may provide more 'fortuitous entrepreneurs' if users of makerspace find new or innovative way to have a market for their output and it also generates opaque, wide networks, producing novel thoughts as well as advanced assuming about new products. At last maker movement may cause for reduction in cost of prototyping, to get more sales in the initial stage and to get funding in outside
... Together, these advances are hurtling businesses and manufacturing enterprises toward a new industrial revolution based on a cyber-physical system-a revolution known as Industry 4.0, Production 4.0, Future of Manufacturing, or Advanced Manufacturing [2]. Shrewd leaders must either learn how these technological advances can transform their businesses or face competition from those who figure it out first [12]. Not surprisingly, the subject receives significant attention from both practitioners and researchers [13,14]. ...
Many studies advance the contemporary technologies of Industry 4.0. However, relatively little is known about how Industry 4.0 affects corporate financial performance. Using a survey, bootstrap sampling, and structural-equation modeling, this study evaluates the moderated mediation effects of Industry 4.0 maturity on financial performance. The results show that Industry 4.0 maturity significantly affects internal business process performance (IBPP), which influences customer performance through the mediating effect of supply chain performance (SCP), and IBPP and SCP affect financial performance fully through the mediating effect of customer performance. The results also show that Industry 4.0 maturity moderates the positive relationship between customer performance and financial performance. Customer performance and IBPP have the largest direct and total effects on financial performance in the context of Industry 4.0 implementation, respectively. The results indicate that Industry 4.0 magnifies the potential returns to companies mainly through IBPP, SCP, and customer performance. This study offers an enhanced understanding of the financial implications of Industry 4.0 implementation and provides insights into the factors through which Industry 4.0 maturity influences financial performance.
... Since makerspaces started to emerge all around the western world in the early 2000s, it started receiving a scholarly interest. From being hailed as a grassroots technology-oriented social movement [Smith et al. (2016)] to a \new industrial revolution" [Anderson (2012)] makerspaces gained prominence in the public discourse. The emphasis in a makerspace is on a collaborative work environment [Ensign and Leupold (2018)]. ...
This paper uses bibliometric methods to review the research on makerspaces. The objective of the study was to document the growth and geographic distribution of makerspace literature, identify the main authors, documents. In addition to this, the study also combined two bibliometric analysis methods, co-citation analysis and co-word analysis to identify the intellectual structure of the makerspace knowledge base and the evolution of research themes over time. A total of 654 documents related to makerspaces between 2012 and 2020 were identified from the Scopus database. The review found that research base on makerspace is starting to grow from 2017 onwards with an accelerating growth rate, however, the published studies are mainly from USA and Europe. The paper also lists the most cited documents, the influential sources of publications and the main authors working on this area. The review also identified five research clusters using co-citation analysis that have emerged over time which are “innovation and development in makerspaces”, “child development in makerspaces”, “learning and STEM education in makerspaces”, “implementation of makerspaces in education”, and “university makerspaces”. Another major finding highlighted “innovation, design, and creativity”, “engineering curriculum”, “skill development”, “computer programming knowledge”, and “learning, collaboration and community development” as the five main research themes using the co-word analysis. These findings provide a robust roadmap for further investigation in this research field.
... La abreviación cam no hace alusión solamente a las técnicas de fabricación digital populares como: impresión 3D y corte láser, sino también a otras maquinarias que permiten materializar con exactitud cualquier archivo digital, por ejemplo: fresadora cnc, escáner 3D, etc. El físico y escritor (Anderson, 2012) hace referencia a este proceso de fabricación como "from bits to atoms" (de bits a átomos, en español); ya que la información o el archivo de diseño o fabricación, se traslada desde un medio o dispositivo digital y se materializa en un medio físico. ...
Compilado teórico-práctico de las herramientas digitales más próximas a los estudiantes, docentes e investigadores de la comunidad Piloto.
... Although originating from the same ingenious spirit there are two forms of grassroots innovation delimited by the inventor's socio-economic position. The first exists due to the accessibility of decentralised and affordable technology, such as rapid prototyping, resulting in a more creative consumer (Sansom 2010) or "maker" (Anderson 2012). The second, of relevance to this thesis, is a so-called 'low-tech' approach consisting of improvised or makeshift solutions born from ingenuity and cleverness by knowledge-rich, economically-poor people: "Innovations by the poor for the poor" (Gupta 2012). ...
Both the field of Development and discipline of Design were conceived from agendas of capitalist driven economic growth. Despite having to stand against this current, a minority of practitioners and academics in both these arenas have critically realigned their intentions towards more human-centred ideals. This Doctoral thesis adds new knowledge to this pursuit through the use of an original theoretical framework that combines both Activity Theory and the Capabilities Approach to systemically explore how people innovate technology. Within the complex Johannesburg food system, this study made use of an embedded multiple-case study of seven innovative small-scale urban farmers to explore why and how they innovate technology. The use of activity system modelling enabled the complex contradictions within and between the various aspects of the participant farmers’ technology innovation activity systems to become more evident. Despite significant capability limitations in terms of their own education, skills, land tenure and access to labour, it was found that the farmers’ innovated technology as a means to extend and function capabilities, particularly with regards to gaining more control over their material environments. However, there were trade-offs, and it was found that a few of the capability extensions were at the expense of other capabilities. The participant farmers’ actions were contextualised within the precarious positions that most of them found themselves as marginalised Black urban farmers in post-apartheid South Africa. Due to this, a key finding was that the participant farmers tended to seed their innovation activities from their social systems as opposed to their technical systems. Despite some of the innovations seeming to be relatively informal and piece-meal, this study was not about celebrating marginalisation or informality, it rather aimed to show that this is a starting point, with many of the farmers’ technological innovations highly appropriate and sustainable for their local contexts. Such a study was, therefore, beneficial in shedding light on South African grassroots innovation that has for too long remained on the margins of traditionally focused Research and Development in the South African National System of Innovation. For the field of Development, the combination of Activity Theory and the Capabilities Approach provides a practical way to operationalise the Capabilities Approach in a more human-centred way, with higher fidelity for the complexities of human lived experience. For both the field of Development and the discipline of Design, this study provides a pragmatic approach to explore the innovative/developmental/designerly actions of everyday individuals, which with appropriate intervention can then be amplified towards more endogenous, appropriate and positive change-making.
Keywords: Design, Development, Activity Theory, Capabilities Approach, Technology, Innovation, Urban Farming, Johannesburg, South Africa
... In media and academic literature, the "Maker Movement" is mainly associated with, or sometimes a subcategory of, the Hacker movement (Moilanen 2012;Maxigas 2012). For Anderson (2012), fabrication spaces (fab-spaces) including MSs, Hackerspaces and Fab Labs are in fact cultural hotbeds for the Maker Movement. Though sharing similarities-in DIY-do it yourself manner towards learning and innovation-with a close look at the definition and current characterises of each kind, one can easily distinguish these two concepts. ...
Given the growing importance and worldwide diffusion of new workplaces, this chapter presents an interdisciplinary overview on the core topic of this book through an up-to-date literature review of the phenomenon of emerging workplaces, more specifically coworking spaces and makers spaces. In other words, the aim is to provide a comprehensive review of research on coworking spaces and maker spaces as ‘third places’ for work, which are becoming alternative solutions within the context of the digital revolution and the rise of sharing economy. Here, such workplaces are considered at crossroads with different disciplines of business/management, economics, geography, sociology, planning, and other sciences. The review, therefore, covers studies conducted by scholars in varied fields, which are published in journals or presented in conferences, as well as unpublished thesis and working papers within the period 2001–2019. These studies have focused on several aspects of coworking spaces and maker spaces, which can be grouped in the following categories: (i) spatial characteristics (typologies and location factors); (ii) coworkers and socio-economics patterns (proximity features; social interaction and community making; economic performance; well-being); (iii) effects on the urban context in cities of different sizes. Considering the still very young topic of emerging workplaces, this review concludes by building a theoretical foundation, while highlighting the gap in the literature and proposing future research lines.
The world market for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) receivers continues to grow, but GNSS RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) devices maintain a high price. Our goal has been to design a cost-effective, multi-purpose GNSS RTK device for many positioning tasks that is low-cost and easy to operate. The User-centered Design (UCD) is an iterative design process in which designers focus on the target audience in order to involve users throughout the design process. For this purpose, we have two groups of users, a group of engineers and surveyors to test the equipment in field conditions, and another with 10 novice students of the Geomatics subject. To this end, the control of the device and the connectivity to the internet is carried out by our own smartphone, and the hardware is protected inside a casing designed and printed in 3D. Under the umbrella of Do It Yourself (DIY) projects with significant savings in labour, we intend to bring this type of receiver closer to users by providing 3D files of the parts, an assembly manual and software for its control. The ultimate result is a low-cost RTK rover, 10–20 times cheaper than analogous commercial equipment, and that meets the expectations of users who have been modelling its functions. This is confirmed by the tests carried out to verify its operating parameters: for short and medium baselines, its accuracy and Time To First Fix (TTFF) are at the level, and even better than another geodetic-grade receiver.KeywordsGNSSRTK3D printUCDDIY
This pictorial seeks to capture both the tangible and intangible aspects of site visits to Makerspaces situated in rural India. While over twenty-five Makerspaces across four regions were documented through conversational interviews, photography, sketching and reflective writing for the project, only a small selection of this wealth of visual and factual information, with a particular focus on rural locations, has been compiled in this pictorial. It provides a rich tapestry of Indian maker cultures, their contribution to local communities, and how these spaces interpret their role as facilitators of creation within the complex global narratives of sustainability.KeywordsMaker culturesSustainabilityCommunity engagementDigital makingMateriality
Maker movement has brought various new technologies which inspired open source hardware (OSH) development. Through the methodology of open design, a novel product development method called open source product development (OSPD) was developed. Our research explores the recent explicit practices of maker and maker-entrepreneur in conducting OSPD practice in Shenzhen to obtain status and transition of the OSPD process. We conducted qualitative research on the OSPD process of the local maker and maker-entrepreneur participants in Shenzhen. By conducting a semi-structured interview and coding analysis, we synthesized key codes and conceptualized them into a graph by mapping codes into a double diamond design process to illustrate maker and maker-entrepreneur in two OSPD routes separately. Our findings suggest that makers and maker-entrepreneur are coping with OSPD and extend it in several ways. Firstly, we found interest-driven is the main factor that encourages maker to perform OSPD, Secondly, co-creation process such as co-design and co-production was found between maker, maker-entrepreneur, and other stakeholders, Finally, we found marketing tools, as well as a UCD design method, was applied by maker entrepreneur during OSPD. Our finding could serve as a proof-of-concept that OSPD is adopted and extended by current makers and maker entrepreneurs.KeywordsMaker movementOpen source hardwareOpen source product developmentMaker entrepreneurCo-creationMiddleware
The emergence of additive manufacturing (AM) as an industry standard has brought unprecedented opportunity to many fields. Some examples of areas that particularly benefit from this technology include biological implantation, biomedicine, aerospace, advanced materials, automotive, tooling, and many chemical industries. This vast and growing sphere of application has prompted the need for specialised technology that enables tailor-made products. Nonetheless, the majority of printable materials currently available on the market are restricted to proprietary polymers, metal powders and ceramics, which are quickly proving to be inadequate for many applications. Typical AM processes build monofunctional structures with single materials. Hence, post-processing and surface chemical modification of AM printed materials are critical in providing a range of new functional and diverse chemical functionalities. Surface functionalization of 3D printed materials is quickly gaining significant traction as a sub-discipline, as this approach can address the technical challenges associated with optimizing the performance of AM end-user products. This chapter presents an overview of the novel post-physical treatments and surface chemical functionalization required to customize AM printed materials for a wide variety of applications. This chapter further gives indication as to the challenges associated with this field of study, including the status of research and the future avenues that may be able to exploit the true potential of this technology.KeywordsAdditive manufacturingSurface functionalizationPost-processing of AM printed materials
In recent decades, many tech spaces have emerged worldwide to promote innovation. Based on ethnographic research, this article examines one of such initiatives in Brazil—a public laboratory of digital fabrication located in a low‐income neighborhood in the periphery of São Paulo. While scholars have exposed the neoliberal aspects of fablabs, this article aims to de‐center hegemonic understandings of innovation by attending to its situated practices. Analyzing the techno‐optimist aspirations and institutional legacies behind this laboratory, I explain how the US‐based fablab model was reconfigured in light of community concerns and previous Latin American experiments of digital inclusion. Against a monolithic image of tech collectives, I show how lab workers cultivated a diverse range of audiences and creative practices, specifically those of working‐class women. The article concludes with a call for more anthropological attention to overlooked tech practices as a means to imagine fairer and more solidary forms of innovation. En décadas recientes, muchos centros de tecnología han emergido globalmente con el propósito de promover innovaciones. Basado en investigación etnográfica, este artículo examina una de esas iniciativas en Brasil: un laboratorio público de fabricación digital localizado en una comunidad de la zona sur de San Pablo. Dado que los aspectos neoliberales de los fablabs ya fueron expuestos por investigadores, este artículo pretende descentrar entendimientos hegemónicos de la innovación a través del estudio de sus prácticas situadas. Analizando las aspiraciones tecno‐optimistas y los legados institucionales detrás de este laboratorio, se explica cómo un modelo estadounidense de fablab fue reconfigurado a la luz de las preocupaciones de la comunidad y experimentos latinoamericanos anteriores de inclusión digital. Complejizando imágenes monolíticas de colectivos tecnológicos, se muestra cómo los trabajadores de laboratorio cultivaron una gama diversificada de públicos y prácticas creativas, específicamente de mujeres de la clase trabajadora. El artículo concluye con un llamamiento a una mayor atención antropológica a prácticas tecnológicas desatendidas como medio de imaginar formas más justas y solidarias de innovación. [informática, desarrollo, inclusión digital, innovación, tecnología] Em décadas recentes, muitos centros de tecnologia têm emergido globalmente com o propósito de promover inovação. Baseado em pesquisa etnográfica, este artigo examina uma dessas iniciativas no Brasil: um laboratório público de fabricação digital localizado numa comunidade da zona sul de São Paulo. Dado que os aspectos neoliberais dos fablabs já foram expostos, este artigo pretende descentrar entendimentos hegemônicos de inovação através do estudo das suas práticas situadas. Analisando as aspirações tecno‐otimistas e os legados institucionais por detrás deste laboratório, explica‐se como o modelo Estadunidense de fablab foi reconfigurado à luz de preocupações da comunidade e experimentos Latino‐americanos de inclusão digital anteriores. Complexificando imagens monolíticas de coletivos tecnológicos, mostra‐se como os trabalhadores do laboratório cultivaram uma gama diversificada de públicos e práticas criativas, especificamente de mulheres de classe trabalhadora. O artigo conclui com um apelo por maior atenção antropológica a práticas tecnológicas negligenciadas como meio de imaginar formas mais justas e solidárias de inovação. [computação, desenvolvimento, inclusão digital, inovação, tecnologia]
The research aims to explore the extent of impact of strategic behavior in achieving organizational excellence, and in order to achieve that goal, a hypothetical scheme expressing two of the main hypotheses, has been subjected to multiple tests, the researcher used the questionnaire as a tool to obtain the necessary data for that test, by the descriptive approach analytical. Which has been applied in the Ur State Company at Thi-Qar Governorate, it questionnaire was distributed to a Purposive sample of (353) individuals, including managers Departments, divisions, units, and teams. from the total employees (2728) individuals. The study adopted a number of statistical tools, including (Coefficient (Cronbach Alpha), Pearson correlation coefficient, and Structural Equation Modeling), as those statistical tools were الثدكت احروحثة مثن مسثتل بحثث تثيير الموسثومة اه ور الوسثيح التنافسثيةلالدور اتيجياف اسسثتر نجثاح فثي الريثادي التوجثة و اتيجي اسسثتر السثموك) التنظيمي لمتميز عحيو كاحع عباس م.م. Abbas Gatea Atiyah قار ذي جامعة اسقتصاد/ و اسدارة كمية Atyia83@mail.ru بريس كاظم أحمد د. أ.م. Ahmed Kadhum Brias كربالء جامعة اسقتصاد/ و اسدارة كمية k.almaster@yahoo.com الفتالوي ىاتف ميياق أ.د. Miethak Hatief AL-Fatlawey ج اسقتصاد/ و اسدارة كمية كربالء امعة methakhatef@yahoo.com
In this paper, we will take up Sharp Co., Ltd., a Japanese electric appliance maker, and consider the factors that caused the High technology maker, which has dominated the market in the technology driven market, to sharply deteriorate its business performance in the face of globalization and commoditization of the market. We concluded, as a result, a company that has been able to demonstrate its abilities in a technology driven market such as Sharp cannot necessarily demonstrate sufficient results in a non-technology driven market. It was founded that it was due to lack of core competence in the on-technology driven market and insufficient performance. Strategic scenarios in such cases are as follows: first, corporate transformation and promotion of servitization in order to acquire organizational capabilities adaptable to non-technology driven market, or secondly, technology driven markets where the company’s core competencies can be adaptable. I summarized the possible strategic scenarios to find and find a win. This could also give implications for servitization strategies and their future in many manufacturing industries in developed countries.KeywordsServitizationManufacturing the futureSharp corporationCompetitive advantageDynamic capability
This chapter examines the library markers space in academic and public libraries. These spaces are specifically designed to meet the unexpressed needs of library users and to influence them to profitably engage in the library by creating physical or digital objects, which are open for the free use of all library users. Library makers space enables graphic arts, web design, and animation, and assists students in their projects that involve digital images. Nevertheless, factors such as lack of technical skills, inadequate power supply, and lack of trained manpower distort the application of library markers space in academic and public libraries.
Seit Sommer 2021 wird im Rahmen des Verbundprojekts MakEd_digital an der Pädagogischen Hochschule Ludwigsburg an der Einrichtung eines Makerspaces gearbeitet. Ziel des Makerspaces ist es, die digitalisierungsbezogenen Kompetenzen von Lehramtsstudierenden zu fördern. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird neben der konkreten Ausgestaltung des Makerspaces die Bedeutung der Making-Aktivitäten für die Medienpädagogik besprochen. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Making als medienpädagogische Tätigkeit kein selbstlaufender Prozess ist, sondern individuelle Unterstützung benötigt. Zudem kann die Einrichtung eines Makerspaces niemals als abgeschlossen gelten, sondern unterliegt einer fortlaufenden Dynamik: Die ‚Magie des Makings‘ lebt nämlich vom kontinuierlichen Aufgreifen technischer und gesellschaftlicher Weiterentwicklungen im Makerspace.
In 2014, the Chinese Government stated that the Chinese economy had entered the “new normal,” i.e., a phase defined by stable growth, and announced its intention to continue introducing reforms characterized by a shift from the crude, investment-dependent growth strategy previously opted for and an emphasis on market mechanisms.
La recherche s'intéresse à l'utilisation des jeux de construction sous la forme d’outils tangibles d'aide à la conception participative. La thèse identifie les liens étroits entre la contre-culture informatique des années 1960 jusqu'au mouvement néo-maker actuel et les outils de la conception architecturale, par le prisme des enjeux ludiques et éducatifs. La réflexion met en lumière l'influence formelle et procédurale des « Dons » de Friedrich Froebel dans l’émergence des utopies informatiques en architecture et en design, ainsi que la réhabilitation actuelle de leurs outils pédagogiques dans l’apprentissage de l’informatique, sous la forme de dispositifs tangibles d’aide à la conception.La recherche s’inscrit dans le champ de la révolution numérique par l’innovation ouverte et les technologies créatives, avec l’émergence des dispositifs de l’open culture qui se déploient autour des enjeux de la participation citoyenne. Les technologies ouvertes et créatives opèrent un vaste chantier théorique et expérimental sur la démocratisation de la culture architecturale et sur le rôle des acteurs qui peuvent désormais partager leur savoir faire pour le rendre accessible à l’ensemble de la société. Dans ce contexte en mutation, de nouveaux outils de la conception architecturale restent à inventer. Leur nature, leurs fonctionnalités, leur ergonomie, leur esthétique doivent permettre à tous les contributeurs, à toutes les générations, de comprendre la complexité du processus de conception, afin d’être en mesure de se l’approprier. La thèse s’intéresse principalement aux outils de conception permettant la collaboration de manière réflexive et ludique entre tous les acteurs. Son enjeu se situe du côté du développement des interfaces numériques et analogiques dites tangibles qui contiennent de grandes potentialités en termes d’écriture narrative et d’expérimentation collaborative.
When people decide to gather and repair broken devices together, it seems obvious that repairers and visitors gain all kinds of instrumental competences (e.g. repair knowledge, skills, and attitudes) and that they can also experience deeply a transformative learning process about, for example, the need to keep planetary boundaries within the sustainable limits of life. In this article we approach the educational dimension of repair cafés differently and sketch the outlines of a minor public pedagogy. We analyze repair cafés as situated and entangled assemblages of both human and non-human actors; assemblages that are always very local and that need to be analyzed as specific, designated places—and times—where something is at stake. The central focus of this article is on substantiating this notion of a minor public pedagogy by offering a detailed analysis of the particular pedagogic moments that emerge in these encounters between humans and things. The navigational capacity of this public pedagogy is minor in nature as it doesn’t create clear signposts of where to go as humans. Instead, it engenders many moments of and propels humans into a sensory sensitivity for inhabiting the world in the here-and-now.
A 100 W blue diode laser with an optical fiber having a core diameter of 100 μm was developed and installed into a blue diode laser metal deposition system (B-LMD), achieving a laser intensity of 7.58 × 10⁴ W/cm², four times higher than that of the previous B-LMD system. The increase in laser intensity is expected to enable faster and more efficient 3D processing of pure copper. The authors conducted the rod formation experiment by varying the processing speed. The rod formation process is observed with a high-speed video camera to clarify the mechanism of copper rod formation. As a result of rod formation as a 3D modeling of pure copper, a 30 mm rod was formed in 1.5 s under the following conditions: a laser intensity of 1.27×106W/cm2, a powder feed rate of 220 mg/s, and a processing speed of 20 mm/s. It was found that the mode of rod forming changed depending on the processing speed. When the processing speed is high, the mode becomes molten layer type and the energy efficiency becomes high. In addition, the processing point became closer to the focal point at high speed, and the cross-sectional shape of the formed rod was closer to the circular ones.
This paper contributes to the innovation of the wind musical instru- ments sector, including historical and semantic references from the past and the present. The authors propose signs connections in an abduction way, qualifying old concepts with a renewed identity. The paper is based on mixed practice and co-design to enable new symbolic paths and produce unconventional design pro- jects. The research validates a system that can effectively become an alternative to the solutions existing on the market. This study demonstrates the role of design in the management of rapid production technologies focus on niche products with a high degree of customization. The authors prove that the development and dif- fusion of fast production technologies - 3d printers - and the implementation in the creation of components - mouthpieces for wind instruments – can be an op- portunity to propose new scenarios for the creation and product distribution.
Keywords: Design-driven Innovation · Co-design Sytem · 3D printing Tech- niques · Quality Function Deployment
In the context of 21st century learning, school libraries need to change their roles, services and images in order to support and enrich school curriculum focusing student-centered learning and project-based learning. The school libraries also need to recognize the changes in students’ behavior and needs in learning. These understandings are important aspect for the school libraries to support students to be 21st century learners and lifelong learners. School library makerspaces is a new and interesting concept for developing learning resources, where facilitate learning materials and resources in informal atmosphere. Library makerspaces support students learning by doing, exploring and creating, motivate students to discover their interests, and encourage students to work collaboratively with teachers and peers. Though the library makerspaces are informal resources, they can be connected and integrated with school curriculum. In particular, students are able to retrieve and analyze information, learn by doing and fully engage in the learning approaches. Teachers and teacher-librarians are important people, who guide and give advices for students using makerspaces effectively, engaging learning based on reading, and developing 21st century skills. However, the school library makerspaces have no standard format or pattern because each school can develop the library makerspace based on the school goal, potential and capabilities. School library makerspaces not only benefit students to develop 21st century skills, but also enhancing library programs and empowering teachers and teacher-librarians to operate and utilize the library sources, materials, services and activities effectively.
Keyword: School library, Makerspaces, Library makerspaces
T.L.A. Bulletin, Volume 63, No. 1 (Jan-Jun 2019)
Das Kapitel beschreibt die Besonderheiten von Innovationsgemeinschaften. Ihre Bedeutung zeigt sich vor allem im Kontext dezentraler Innovationsprozesse, in denen die strukturellen und praktischen Eigenheiten gemeinschaftsbasierter Koordination einen offenen, reziproken und kumulativen Wissensaustausch ermöglichen. Dazu wird das für Innovationsgemeinschaften charakteristische Spannungsfeld zwischen dem offenen und freien Austausch von Wissen und dessen kommerzieller Verwertung beschrieben und die gemeinschaftsbasierte Koordinationsform im Kontext übergreifender Innovationssysteme verortet.
User Labs (wie Usability Labs, Living Labs oder Makerspaces) stehen für eine soziale Öffnung zeitgenössischer Innovationsprozesse. Durch diese Labs werden neue Akteursgruppen in die Konstruktion, Evaluation und Demonstration von Prototypen involviert. Der Beitrag beschreibt zunächst die Erwartungen dieser sozialen Öffnung. Danach werden verschiedene Typen von User Labs vorgestellt. Das Kapitel schließt mit Überlegungen zur Vergesellschaftung des Prototypisierens, die in diesen Labs zum Ausdruck kommt.
Sustainable and cleaner manufacturing systems have found broad applications in industrial processes, especially aerospace, automotive and power generation. Conventional manufacturing methods are highly unsustainable regarding carbon emissions, energy consumption, material wastage, costly shipment and complex supply management. Besides, during global COVID-19 pandemic, advanced fabrication and management strategies were extremely required to fulfill the shortfall of basic and medical emergency supplies. Three-dimensional printing (3DP) reduces global energy consumption and CO2 emissions related to industrial manufacturing. Various renewable energy harvesting mechanisms utilizing solar, wind, tidal and human potential have been fabricated through additive manufacturing. 3D printing aided the manufacturing companies in combating the deficiencies of medical healthcare devices for patients and professionals globally. In this regard, 3D printed medical face shields, respiratory masks, personal protective equipment, PLA-based recyclable air filtration masks, additively manufactured ideal tissue models and new information technology (IT) based rapid manufacturing are some significant contributions of 3DP. Furthermore, a bibliometric study of 3D printing research was conducted in CiteSpace. The most influential keywords and latest research frontiers were found and the 3DP knowledge was categorized into 10 diverse research themes. The potential challenges incurred by AM industry during the pandemic were categorized in terms of design, safety, manufacturing, certification and legal issues. Significantly, this study highlights the versatile role of 3DP in battle against COVID-19 pandemic and provides up-to-date research frontiers, leading the readers to focus on the current hurdles encountered by AM industry, henceforth conduct further investigations to enhance 3DP technology.
The two-volume set LNCS 12794-12795 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Culture and Computing, C&C 2021, which was held as part of HCI International 2021 and took place virtually during July 24-29, 2021.
The total of 1276 papers and 241 poster papers included in the 39 HCII 2020 proceedings volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 5222 submissions.
The papers included in the HCII-C&C volume set were organized in topical sections as follows:
Part I: ICT for cultural heritage; technology and art; visitors’ experiences in digital culture;
Part II: Design thinking in cultural contexts; digital humanities, new media and culture; perspectives on cultural computing.
Cultural computing requires not only the technical guidance at the elite level, but also the effective participation of the public, and the new development of cultural computing under the concept of sharing. The public can participate in the co-creation and sharing process of cultural computing quickly and with low threshold. Based on a large number of design projects and open design platform of research in the early stage, the author of this paper proposes an effective path for the public to participate in design innovation in the context of cultural computing, so as to solve the technical gap between the public and cultural computing. This paper proposes the concept of “public design innovation” based on the concept of cultural computing sharing, and believes that “public design innovation” has three basic characteristics: openness, decentralization and living growth. The public is both a user and a creator and contributor of cultural computing, and in the process of using various open design platforms, they can effectively use them in tandem to form a cultural computing “skill tree” that meets their own design needs. In this process, it is necessary to create a basic cognition and skill organization structure for cultural computing, and apply their “skill tree” to different application scenarios of cultural computing. The author builds a framework model for serving individual design innovation of the public from three levels: the occurrence layer, the condition layer and the activity layer of design idea realization, and uses a modular approach to effectively connect various platform skills to realize the rapid prototype transformation needs of individual design innovation, and illustrates the specific application methods with public design innovation cases.
Makerspaces have grown over the last two decades and provide a potentially important resource to entrepreneurs. One area where the expansion of makerspaces has been the largest is in educational settings, at both K-12 schools and colleges. However, scant research to date has analysed whether students visiting a makerspace have any relationship with their professional goals or intentions. This study uses a survey conducted in New Orleans to analyse the predictors of what students use a makerspace, and the potential relationship visiting may have with entrepreneurial intent. The analysis finds that students with a higher socio-economic status appear to use makerspaces more often, and that students who visited makerspaces are more likely to express interest in starting their own businesses.
El Observatorio Territorial del Noroeste, surgido como acuerdo de colaboración entre la UNED, la Universidad de León y la Fundación Ciudad de la Energía, se puso en marcha en 2011 y con un enfoque bottom up ha venido generando actividades basadas en el conocimiento que, centradas en la innovación y las nuevas tecnologías, han contribuido a crear servicios de valor en el territorio. De esta forma, sobre la base de la participación, los agentes sociales, económicos, ambientales y políticos de la Comarca de El Bierzo como laboratorio del Noroeste vienen colaborando en una Red de Emprendimiento Social que trata de lograr un territorio más sostenible.
Urban manufacturing has recently entered city planning discourses, fostering an increasing number of urban policies that promote the return and/or the conservation of production activities in the city. Many researchers have studied the diffusion of coworking and makerspaces, concentrating mostly on global cities and regions. Nonetheless, recent inquiries reveal that such activities shape reticular geography, which also includes in-between territories, namely mid-sized cities, industrial districts and widespread urbanizations. This paper investigates this territorial diffusion, assuming the Central area of the Emilia-Romagna Region as a case-study for the co-existence of two processes of manufacturing transformation. On the one hand, we have the transformation of traditional, specialized industrial districts due to globalization, the economic crisis and knowledge economy improvement, on the other hand, the diffusion of new, different makerspaces. Some of them are sustained by public policies, while others are linked to private initiatives. Some are located in mid-sized and capital cities, whereas others have flourished in dispersed urbanizations and industrial districts. By analyzing some concrete experiences, the paper addresses the following research questions: do makerspaces have relationships with local industrial and education/research ecosystems? Do they shape peculiar places and/or transform existing urban spaces? Do they contribute to social innovation and/or local welfare systems?
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