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From identity to identification: Fixating the fragmented self
... Lyon (2008 refers to the growing use of such systems as 'governing by identity', whereby legitimate status in society, access to basic services and public and private space is increasingly tied to the ability to produce and verify someone's identity. In this sense, identity systems are perceived as a means through which states can more effectively and efficiently engage in statecraft, border control, policing, and administration of public services (Lyon, 2008;van Zoonen, 2013). The more recent turn to biometrics, as a form of governing through identity, originates from the desire of the state to reliably tie a single stable identity to a person (Leese, 2020). ...
... The premise is that the use of a digital representation of a finger-, face-or voice print allows for the construction of a reliable single identity that cannot change over time and is less susceptible to exploitation and abuse than other forms of identification (Gates, 2011: 14). Identity systems are therefore increasingly transforming from a unique identification number or a first and last name to being organized around bodily characteristics (Kak, 2020;van Zoonen, 2013). ...
Biometric identity systems are now a prominent feature of contemporary law enforcement, including in Europe. Often advanced on the premise of efficiency and accuracy, they have also been the subject of significant controversy. Much attention has focussed on longer-standing biometric data collection, such as finger-printing and facial recognition, foregrounding concerns with the impact such technologies can have on the nature of policing and fundamental human rights. Less researched is the growing use of voice recognition in law enforcement. This paper examines the case of the recent Speaker Identification Integrated Project, a European wide initiative to create the first international and interoperable database of voice biometrics, now the third largest biometric database at Interpol. Drawing on Freedom of Information requests, interviews and public documentation, we outline the emergence and features of SiiP and explore how voice is recognised and attributed meaning. We understand Speaker Identification Integrated Project as constituting a particular ‘regime of recognition’ premised on the use of soft biometrics (age, language, accent and gender) to disembed voice in order to optimise for difference. This, in turn, has implications for the nature and scope of law enforcement, people's position in society, and justice concerns more broadly.
... Third, some researchers portray AL as 'aspirational' , being grounded in enduring personal values and positive psychology (Gardner et al., 2021, Letter 1), while others suggest a more contextual aspect to AL and emphasize a more situated self (Gardner et al., 2021, Letter 2). Similarly, it has been proposed that identity represents something we do rather than something we are (Van Zoonen, 2013). This distinction raises the question of whether AL should be viewed as traits that define a leader (Wood, Linley, Maltby, Baliousis, & Joseph, 2008) or as a temporary state shaped by the leader's approach to self-regulation (Fladerer & Braun, 2020;Gardner et al., 2021, Letter 2;Lenton, Slabu, & Sedikides, 2016;Sedikides, Slabu, Lenton, & Thomaes, 2017). ...
Despite its popularity, authentic leadership remains enigmatic, with both advantages and disadvantages. The connection between authenticity (an internal process) and leadership (an external influence process) is complex. We introduce a theory that connects these processes through self-regulation, suggesting that authenticity results from managing multiple identities regulated by factors such as active self-identity. Using ironic processes theory, we propose a model that encourages leaders to focus on their active self rather than suppressing misaligned aspects. We present authenticity as a dynamic process, adaptable across individual, relational, and collective levels, with self-identity shifting contextually. This perspective offers insights into developing leader authenticity, addresses the limitations of the authentic leadership approach, and provides a roadmap for future research.
... The role of social contingencies in influencing the relationship between individual ambidexterity and job performance Pertusa-Ortega et al. (2020) suggest that future studies should advance research into IA by exploring contingent factors that may facilitate IA and its effects on job performance. To date, social psychological theories of the self (Brewer & Gardner, 1996) propose that individual identity is multiple rather than single and dynamic rather than static (Van Zoonen, 2013). In this sense, people strive to achieve self-identity through dyadic relationships (i.e., the relational self) and in terms of group relationships (i.e., the collective self) (Brewer & Gardner, 1996). ...
Asbtract
In the contemporary business landscape, employees are increasingly expected to demonstrate a wide range of competencies, which require a combination of exploration‐based and exploitation‐based individual abilities. In this vein, the present study investigates how individual ambidextrous abilities affect job performance. Furthermore, by bridging the gap between individual ambidexterity literature and dynamic self‐concept theory, we argue that identification with both peers and leaders plays a contingency role, thus moderating the relationship between individual ambidexterity and job performance. To test our hypotheses, we conducted a multi‐source field study of 380 employees operating in manufacturing firms. The collected data combines objective measures of individual ambidextrous abilities, supervisory‐rated job performance, and identification measures. Our hypotheses received empirical support. Overall, this study provides practical guidance for organizations by highlighting the importance of fostering individual ambidexterity to maintain high job performance through effective cooperation with both peers and leaders at work.
... 38 Ancak, kişisel mahremiyetin ihlal edilmiş olması, bireylerin otosansür ve otokontrol süreçleri 39 ile otantik kişiliklerinden uzaklaşması ya da kendi özelliklerini ya da davranışlarını gizleme eğilimi içine girmesi, gözetim teknolojilerinin, dolayısıyla dijitalleşmenin etkileri arasında anılması gerekir. 40 Dijitalleşme ile birlikte meşrulaştırılan ya da gizlenen ve işçilerin ve diğer insanların maruz kaldığı diğer olumsuzluklardan birisi de ayrımcılık (discrimination). Yapay zekâya ve algoritmalara dayalı karar verme sistemlerinin nesnel ölçütler kullandığı ve tarafsız işlediğine ilişkin yaygın bir inanış var. ...
Bu bölüm, kaynaklara hâkim olan ve kendi normları ile iş yaşamını biçimlendiren uygulamacılara hizmet eden ana akım çalışmalardan farklı olarak, iş’te dijitalleşmenin hakları ihlal eden etkilerini EYÇ perspektifinden ele alıyor. Ardından, iş’te dijitalleşmenin etkilerini yönetmek için ilerlemeci örgütsel bir yaklaşım önerisi sunuyor. Önerinin; tasarım, katılım, uyum ve yönetişim olmak üzere dört boyutu var. Her bir boyut, EYÇ perspektifi ile değerlendiriyoruz. Araştırmacıların, EYÇ perspektifi ile, dijitalleşmenin etkilerinin yönetilmesine katkı sağlamak için hangi konularla ilgilenebileceği her bir boyutta ele alıyoruz.
... These frameworks form social structures and interactions that define participants' group-related identities. It may be compelling to observe these identities as extensions or mediated manifestations of real-life identities; but as previous research suggests (and as many of the cases examined along this essay illustrate), online and offline presence form identities and social behaviors on separate grounds (Slater 2002;Orgad 2009;van Zoonen 2013). Highlighting this, Slater (2002) argues that online identities can momentarily replace real-life identities. ...
Health measures in response to the Covid-19 pandemic have confined millions to their homes and minimized social contacts. During this period, a significant proportion of social activities—including work, education, and recreation—moved to digital media platforms. Among these platforms, social virtual reality (VR) has gained importance offering “alternative” realities in which users can engage with others, participate in cultural and sports events, complete education-related activities, and (mental) health treatments, to name but a few functions. With the increasing popularity of social VR and the expanding range of activities these platforms can host, hitherto-unexplored questions arise regarding social interactions and the representation of virtual bodies. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to outline a potential framework for assessing how avatars that represent various body types and demographic characteristics, such as gender or ethnicity, may impact behaviors and identity. The paper presents a theoretical study that combines social identity theory and theories of intersectionality and applies them to the case of digitally created human-like bodies. By doing this, it illuminates the challenges and benefits virtual reality platforms and digital body representations hold—including remote social interactions due to social isolation and social dynamics based on online personas.
Antisocial behavior has increased and affects learning processes, especially among students who engage in deviant behavior. This study investigated the causes and consequences of antisocial behavior among secondary school students in Nyamira, Kenya, with the aim of proposing educational intervention strategies. A qualitative approach supported by descriptive quantitative data was used. The sample consisted of 67 students randomly selected from six schools. Interviews, open-ended questionnaires, psychological tests, and a phenomenological approach were used to analyze participants' experiences. Although the design was qualitative, percentages were incorporated to describe trends within the group. The findings revealed that alcohol consumption (66% in men, 34% in women) and smoking (32%, men only) were the most common behaviors. Eighty-one percent rejected drug use, and 39% had attempted suicide. Furthermore, 93% considered that the media influences antisocial behavior. It is concluded that these behaviors are associated with dysfunctional family environments, social pressure, and lack of guidance. It is recommended to implement both general and individual preventive strategies, including psychological support, differentiated pedagogical interventions, and collaborative efforts between the school, family, and community.
Digital identity has become a central concept in understanding how people’s online presence is shaped and made sense of. Although extensively studied, the prevailing focus has been on how online identities are shaped by digital platforms or how users curate and perform these identities. How users perceive and assess this concept, however, has received comparatively less attention. In this article, we take a qualitative, user-centric approach to the meaning of digital identity, drawing on insights from 17 online focus group discussions involving 86 participants in Portugal. We identify three distinctive understandings – digital identification, self-presentation, and the datafied self – each corresponding to specific facets of users’ online experiences. Our findings underscore the multidimensionality of digital identity, highlighting its dynamic nature and potential for ongoing reinterpretation. This work contributes to the existing literature by highlighting how the concept’s ever-expanding complexity relates to people’s sensemaking practices about identity, agency, and digital platforms in datafied societies.
In June 2022, the German government implemented a transit policy offering travelers an unlimited ticket to ride the country’s regional train system all summer long for a mere 9€. Conservative pundits and commentators decried the policy, worrying that the rabble would use their 9€ tickets to overwhelm posh tourist destinations like the island of Sylt in the North of Germany. An overwhelming invasion never materialized, but a fair share of raucous punks did set up shop in Sylt’s public squares in the days after the ticket became available. Just as significant as the physical “invasion” of Sylt were the flurry of memes produced surrounding the Sylt controversy. Through memes, social media participants simultaneously mocked conservative worry about Sylt and punk presence on Sylt. All this memetic play inspired participants to become. Through a mix of identification and disidentification, memes hailed participants into political stances characterized by specific modes of expression. Sylt memery was lulzy, agonistic, and ephemeral. In other words, it was indicative of the broader ambivalence that characterizes public participation inflected by the internet culture. The Sylt story therefore holds lessons about the potentials and pitfalls of collective expression on social media. Memetic becoming, at best, can help people speak truth to power. At worst, it can inspire only a nihilistic smirk as the pixels speed across the screen.
In this article, collective ecological identity will be theoretically investigated, with the aim to understand the role of public opinion and policy in driving action. In recent years, awareness towards environmental issues is increasing; however, environmental targets set by political agendas are yet to be reached. Hilgartner and Bosk’s “The Rise and Fall of Social Problems” (1988) offers an insight into the mismatch between public opinion and action, suggesting that public attention towards certain social issues depends on interconnected public arenas that produce a feedback effect, worsening the social problem. From this point of view, public opinion on a social problem does not engender collective action. However, according to Schudson (1989), the resonance and institutionalisation of a certain cultural object is fundamental to its inclusion in the culture of a given community, making cultural policy a necessary condition to change a society.
In an increasingly digital world, our social interactions are increasingly moving online. Differential association and social learning theories suggest that we learn both moral definitions and the how-to of crime from those we associate with. In this paper we examine whether online or offline social learning leads to more self-disclosed forms of cyber-offending. Using a national online sample of 1,109 participants, we find both online and offline social learning are important correlates to cyber-offending. In addition, we predict that lower self-control will interact with social learning to further increase the likelihood of cyber-offending. Overall, we find that both social learning and self-control, individually and as an interaction, have a large effect-size in predicting cyber-offending.
This paper presents a feasibility study to compare the performance of fingerprint recognition on rural and urban Indian population.
The analysis shows that rural population is very challenging and existing algorithms/systems are unable to provide acceptable
performance. On the other hand, fingerprint recognition algorithms provide comparatively better performance on urban population.
The study also shows that poor images quality, worn and damaged patterns and some special characteristics affect the performance
of fingerprint recognition.
The article uses the reality-based television shows The Bachelor and The Bachelorette as a lens through which to examine the representation of therapeutic behavior, arguing that a re-articulation of the therapeutic is necessary to understand the coupling of surveillance and the therapeutic on television. The work examines how participants on reality shows, to legitimate themselves under surveillance, must assert what the author terms the “therapeutics of the self,” a pride in displaying a consistent self verified by surveillance. The “therapeutics of the self” builds on the trend observed by scholars studying therapeutic culture in which people are incited to constantly work on, hence change, the self. The author argues that the “therapeutics of the self” promotes as therapeutic the assertion of self-sameness across disparate social spaces (on the shows and in “real” life): stasis. Hence, paradoxically, the unchanged self works to improve—change—the self.
I argue that the televisual cosmetic surgical makeover is usefully understood as a contemporary manifestation of normalization, in Foucault's sense—a process of defining a population in relation to its conformity or deviance from a norm, while simultaneously generating narratives of individual authenticity. Drawing on detailed analysis of “Extreme Makeover,” I suggest that the show erases its complicity with creating homogeneous bodies by representing cosmetic surgery as enabling of personal transformation through its narratives of intrinsic motivation and authentic becoming, and its deployment of fairy tale tropes.
This article examines whole body imaging technologies in contemporary airport security contexts. Situating these technologies more broadly within histories of aviation and theories of mobility, we examine how discourses of technological efficiency and freedom of movement work to obscure the ever-expanding surveillance practices of the state. While whole body imaging technologies are marketed as objective and neutral, we investigate how they draw upon, and reinscribe, existing social inequalities. Using Angela Davis' theory of the strip search as a form of state-sponsored sexual assault, we assess contemporary uses of whole body scanners by the state and allied corporate interests not only as alleged privacy violations, but also as potential acts of violence by the state on marginalized subjects. By demonstrating the disproportionate impact of whole body imaging technologies on particular communities, including the intersections of transgendered travelers, travelers with disabilities, and racialized and religious communities, we show that whole body imaging technologies continue and expand upon the tradition of stratified mobilities that has always been a component of air travel. We also argue that the alleged non-invasiveness and efficiency of the “virtual strip search” marks a troubling trend in which the state consolidates power through increasingly concealed surveillance practices.
Because voter-identification laws discourage voter turnout, particularly among identifiable minority groups, their implementation abridges a fundamental constitutional right. The U.S. Constitution includes a little-known remedy for denying or abridging the right to vote that reduces a state's congressional representation in proportion to the extent of the abridgements.
Incluye bibliografía e índice
Sherry Turkle is rapidly becoming the sociologist of the Internet, and that's beginning to seem like a good thing. While her first outing, The Second Self: Computers and the Human Spirit, made groundless assertions and seemed to be carried along more by her affection for certain theories than by a careful look at our current situation, Life on the Screen is a balanced and nuanced look at some of the ways that cyberculture helps us comment upon real life (what the cybercrowd sometimes calls RL). Instead of giving in to any one theory on construction of identity, Turkle looks at the way various netizens have used the Internet, and especially MUDs (Multi-User Dimensions), to learn more about the possibilities available in apprehending the world. One of the most interesting sections deals with gender, a topic prone to rash and partisan pronouncements. Taking as her motto William James's maxim "Philosophy is the art of imagining alternatives," Turkle shows how playing with gender in cyberspace can shape a person's real-life understanding of gender. Especially telling are the examples of the man who finds it easier to be assertive when playing a woman, because he believes male assertiveness is now frowned upon while female assertiveness is considered hip, and the woman who has the opposite response, believing that it is easier to be aggressive when she plays a male, because as a woman she would be considered "bitchy." Without taking sides, Turkle points out how both have expanded their emotional range. Other topics, such as artificial life, receive an equally calm and sage response, and the first-person accounts from many Internet users provide compelling reading and good source material for readers to draw their own conclusions.