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Exploring Ferenczi's Concept of Identification with the Aggressor: Its Role in
Trauma, Everyday Life, and the Therapeutic Relationship
Jay Frankel, Ph.D.
Abstract
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He knew that while his father's eyes rested on him he must look frank, he must look wide-
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The most singularly devastating aspect of childhood abuse is the violent penetration and
coopting of mind that occurs when one is emotionally and physically dependent on
another who violates and exploits—when … one person is granted the authority to
control and define the other's reality, even when that definition of reality exists in stark
contrast to the person's actual lived experience [p. 219].
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an analyst will inevitably shift his self-state when the patient shifts his …. Dissociation is
a hypnoid process … any unsignalled withdrawal from [the interpersonal] field by either
person will disrupt the other's state of mind. Thus, when an enactment begins (no matter
by whom it is initiated), no analyst can be immediately attuned to the shift in here-and-
now reality, and he inevitably becomes part of the dissociative process…. He is often in a
hypnoid state qualitatively similar to that which his patient is in … the [patient's] words
begin to take on an “unreal” quality, and this is frequently what “wakes the analyst up”
to the fact that something is “going on” [p. 527].
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Patients' Identification with Therapists as Aggressors
Patients have an exceedingly refined sensitivity for the wishes, tendencies, whims,
sympathies and antipathies of their analyst, even if the analyst is completely unaware of
this sensitivity. Instead of contradicting the analyst or accusing him of errors and
blindness, the patients identify themselves with him; … normally they do not allow
themselves to criticize us, such a criticism does not even become conscious in them
[Ferenczi, 1933, pp. 157-158].
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I came to realize that even these apparently willing patients felt hatred and rage [toward
me], and I began to encourage them not to spare me in any way. This encouragement,
too, failed to achieve much, for most of my patients energetically refused to accept such
an interpretive demand although it was well supported by analytic material [p. 157].
, % I+
Instead of contradicting the analyst or accusing him of errors and blindness, the patients
identify themselves with him; only in rare moments of an hysteroid excitement, i.e. in an
almost unconscious state, can they pluck up enough courage to make a protest; normally
they do not allow themselves to criticise us, such a criticism does not even become
conscious in them [pp. 157-158].
9 % %..
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References
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Article Citation [Who Cited This?]
Frankel, J. !
Psychoanal. Dial.'"''(')*
