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Catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) of China, with a faunistic analysis, review of recent ecological and biological studies and bibliography (Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea)

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Abstract

A complete taxonomic catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) recorded or described from the mainland China (excluding Taiwan) is presented. 241 valid species are listed, which are currently attributed to 50 genera, 5 families and 7 subfamilies. Genera and species are listed alphabetically. All available type-data is provided based mainly on literary sources for species described by Chinese workers from 1986 to 2006, including documented depository of type-specimens. The catalogue therefore also provides complete lists of the type-material of Phasmatodea housed in the following Chinese institutions: Administration of Baishuijiang Natural Reserve (ABNR), Beijing Forestry University, Beijing (BFU), China Agricultural University, Beijing (CAU), Geological Museum of China, Beijing (GMC), Inca Science Ltd., Chongqing (INCA), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (IZCAS), Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin (NKU), Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Shaanxi (NWSUAF), Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an (SNU), Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University (SYSU), Shanghai Institute of Entomology, Academia Sinica, Shanghai (SIES), Tianjin Natural History Museum, Tianjin (TJNHM), Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou (ZJMNH). The known distribution of each species, in means of provinces is provided as well. 14 species are shown to have been recorded from China in error, several of these based on misidentifications. The “Phasmatodea-like” fossil taxa described from the the Late Jurassic Yixian Formation of North Hebei and West Liaoning are listed in a separate section. Two new generic synonyms are recognized: Arthminotus Bi, 1995 synonymised with Lopaphus Westwood, 1859 (n. syn.) and Dianphasma Chen & He, 1997 synonymised with Parasosibia Redtenbacher, 1908 (n. syn.). The genus Linocerus Gray, 1835 (Type-species: Linocerus gracilis Gray, 1835) was erroneously synonymised with the mediterranean Bacillus St. Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1825 and is here re-established in Phasmatidae: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini (rev. stat.). Relationship to Clonaria Stål, 1875 (= Gratidia Stål, 1875, = Paraclonaria Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893), Sceptrophasma Brock & Seow-Choen, 2000 and Macellina Uvarov, 1940 is obvious. 13 species are transferred to other genera (new combinations): Asceles dilatatus Chen & He, 2004 and Asceles quadriguttatus Chen & He, 1996 to Pachyscia Redtenbacher, 1908, Arthminotus sinensis Bi, 1995 to Lopaphus Westwood, 1859, Baculum dolichocercatum Bi & Wang, 1998a and Baculum politum Chen & He, 1997 to Medauroidea Zompro, 1999, Dixippus bilippus Chen & He, 1999, Dixippus hainanensis Chen & He, 2002, Dixippus nigroantennatus Chen & He, 2002, Dixippus parvus Chen & He, 2002 and Entoria bobaiensis Chen, 1986 to Lonchodes Gray, 1835, Sipyloidea obvius Chen & He, 1995 to Sinophasma Günther, 1940, and Gratidia bituberculata Redtenbacher, 1889 and Leptynia xinganensis Chen & He, 1993 to Sceptrophasma Brock & Seow-Choen, 2002. Acrophylla sichuanensis Chen & He, 2001 remains of unknown generic assignment, but is shown to be not a member of the Australian genus Acrophylla Gray, 1835. Furthermore, as Baculum Saussure, 1861 is a neotropical genus and most Old World species previously attributed this genus are now listed in Ramulus Saussure, 1861, all Chinese species described in this genus are consequently transferred to Ramulus Saussure. Other changes of specific placements are based on published literature and concern to the following three synonymies not recognized by Chinese workers: Abrosoma Redtenbacher, 1906 (= Prosceles Uvarov, 1940), Necroscia Audinet-Serville, 1838 (= Aruanoidea Redtenbacher, 1908), Lopaphus Westwood, 1859 (= Paramyronides Redtenbacher, 1908). Megalophasma Bi, 1995 is transferred from Necrosciinae to Lonchodinae. Four lectotypes are designated and three new specific synonyms revealed. A lectotype is designated for Rhamphophasma modestus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893, the type-species of Rhamphophasma Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893, in order to fix this genus and species. The male paralectotype is shown to be a male of Parapachymorpha nigra Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893, the type-species of Parapachymorpha Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893. Clitumnus porrectus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 is synonymised with Bacillus ? artemis Westwood, 1859 with a lectotype designated for the former (n. syn.). A lectotype is designated for Oxyartes lamellatus Kirby, 1904. Paracentema stephanus Redtenbacher, 1908 is shown to have been erroneously synonymised with Neohirasea japonica (de Haan, 1842) and here synonymised with Neohirasea maerens (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) (n. syn.). In order to fix the new synonymy a lectotype is designated for Paracentema stephanus Redtenbacher, 1908. Finally, a biogeographic analysis of the Chinese phasmid fauna is presented. This includes brief background information on the topography and biogeography of China along with maps showing the seven zoogeographical subregions currently recognized as well as the 4 municipalities, 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 2 special administrative regions of China. A summary of the taxonomic compilation of the fauna is provided and its relationships with neighbouring regions, of both the Palearctic and Oriental realms, are discussed. A study is presented on the distribution of the taxa and species densities of each province / autonomous region.
ZOOTAXA
Catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) of China, with a faunistic
analysis, review of recent ecological and biological studies and bibliography
(Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea)
FRANK H. HENNEMANN, OSKAR V. CONLE & WEIWEI ZHANG
Magnolia Press
Auckland, New Zealand
1735
HENNEMANN ET AL.
2 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
FRANK H. HENNEMANN, OSKAR V. CONLE & WEIWEI ZHANG
Catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) of China, with a faunistic analysis, review of
recent ecological and biological studies and bibliography (Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea)
(Zootaxa 1735)
77 pp.; 30 cm.
31 March 2008
ISBN 978-1-86977-203-1 (paperback)
ISBN 978-1-86977-204-8 (Online edition)
FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2008 BY
Magnolia Press
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© 2008 Magnolia Press
All rights reserved.
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This authorization does not extend to any other kind of copying, by any means, in any form, and for any purpose
other than private research use.
ISSN 1175-5326 (Print edition)
ISSN 1175-5334 (Online edition)
Accepted by B. Mantovani: 10 Dec. 2007; published: 31 Mar. 2008 3
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)
Copyright © 2008 · Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 1735: 177 (2008)
www.mapress.com/zootaxa/
Catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) of China, with a faunistic
analysis, review of recent ecological and biological studies and bibliography
(Insecta: Orthoptera: Phasmatodea)
FRANK H. HENNEMANN¹, OSKAR V. CONLE² & WEIWEI ZHANG³
¹Kirchdell 24, 67661 KL-Hohenecken, Germany. E-mail: hennemann@phasmatodea.com
²Goldbachweg 24, 87538 Bolsterlang, Germany. E-mail: conle@phasmatodea.com
³P.O. Box 4680, Chongqing 400015, China. E-mail: racer@philfan.com
Web s it e: www.Phasmatodea.com & www.Insectnet.cn
Table of contents
1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
2. MATERIAL & METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
2.1. Format used . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
2.2. Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
3. CATALOGUE OF SPECIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
3.1 Invalid species . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
4. ERRONEOUS RECORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
5. FOSSIL RECORDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
5.1. Invalid taxa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
6. EGGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45
7. ANALYSIS OF THE FAUNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
7.1. Biogeographic relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47
7.2. Taxonomic composition & distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
8. ECOLOGY & BIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
8.1. Pest status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
8.2. Life history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
8.3. Host plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
9. CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
10. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
11. LITERATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61
Abstract
A complete taxonomic catalogue of the Stick and Leaf-insects (Phasmatodea) recorded or described from the mainland
China (excluding Taiwan) is presented. 241 valid species are listed, which are currently attributed to 50 genera, 5 fami-
lies and 7 subfamilies. Genera and species are listed alphabetically. All available type-data is provided based mainly on
literary sources for species described by Chinese workers from 1986 to 2006, including documented depository of type-
specimens. The catalogue therefore also provides complete lists of the type-material of Phasmatodea housed in the fol-
lowing Chinese institutions: Administration of Baishuijiang Natural Reserve (ABNR), Beijing Forestry University,
Beijing (BFU), China Agricultural University, Beijing (CAU), Geological Museum of China, Beijing (GMC), Inca Sci-
ence Ltd., Chongqing (INCA), Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (IZCAS), Department of
Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin (NKU), Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Shaanxi
(NWAU), Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an (SNU), Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen Univer-
sity (ICRI), Shanghai Institute of Entomology, Academia Sinica, Shanghai (SIES), Tianjin Natural History Museum,
Tianjin (TMNH), Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou (ZMNH). The known distribution of each species, in
HENNEMANN ET AL.
4 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
means of provinces is provided as well. 14 species are shown to have been recorded from China in error, several of these
based on misidentifications. The “Phasmatodea-like” fossil taxa described from the Late Jurassic Yixian Formation of
North Hebei and West Liaoning are listed in a separate section.
Two new generic synonyms are recognized: Arthminotus Bi, 1995 synonymised with Lopaphus Westwood, 1859 (n.
syn.) and Dianphasma Chen & He, 1997 synonymised with Parasosibia Redtenbacher, 1908 (n. syn.). The genus Linoc-
erus Gray, 1835 (Type-species: Linocerus gracilis Gray, 1835) was erroneously synonymised with the mediterranean
Bacillus St. Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1825 and is here re-established in Phasmatidae: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini
(rev. stat.). Relationship to Clonaria Stål, 1875 (= Gratidia Stål, 1875, = Paraclonaria Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893),
Sceptrophasma Brock & Seow-Choen, 2000 and Macellina Uvarov, 1940 is obvious.
21 species are transferred to other genera (new combinations): Asceles dilatatus Chen & He, 2004 and Asceles
quadriguttatus Chen & He, 1996 to Pachyscia Redtenbacher, 1908, Arthminotus sinensis Bi, 1995 to Lopaphus West-
wood, 1859, Baculum dolichocercatum Bi & Wang, 1998 and Baculum politum Chen & He, 1997 to Medauroidea Zom-
pro, 1999, Dixippus hainanensis Chen & He, 2002, Dixippus huapingensis Bi & Li, 1991, Dixippus nigroantennatus
Chen & He, 2002, Dixippus parvus Chen & He, 2002 and Entoria bobaiensis Chen, 1986 to Lonchodes Gray, 1835, Sipy-
loidea obvius Chen & He, 1995 to Sinophasma Günther, 1940, Paramyronides biconiferus Bi, 1993, Paramyronides leis-
hanensis Bi, 1992, Lonchodes chinensis Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907, Lonchodes confucius Westwood, 1859 and
Phasgania glabra Günther, 1940 to Phraortes Stål, 1875, Gratidia bituberculata Redtenbacher, 1889 and Leptynia xin-
ganensis Chen & He, 1993 to Sceptrophasma Brock & Seow-Choen, 2002, Prosentoria bannaensis Chen & He, 1997 to
Paraentoria Chen & He, 1997, and Mantis squeleton Olivier, 1792 to Phanocloidea Zompro, 2002. Acrophylla sichuan-
ensis Chen & He, 2001 remains of unknown generic assignment, but is shown to be not a member of the Australian
genus Acrophylla Gray, 1835. Furthermore, as Baculum Saussure, 1861 is a neotropical genus and most Old World spe-
cies previously attributed to this genus are now listed in Ramulus Saussure, 1861, all Chinese species described in Bacu-
lum Saussure are consequently transferred to Ramulus Saussure. Other changes of specific placements are based on
published literature and concern to the following three synonymies not recognized by Chinese workers: Abrosoma
Redtenbacher, 1906 (= Prosceles Uvarov, 1940), Necroscia Audinet-Serville, 1838 (= Aruanoidea Redtenbacher, 1908),
Lopaphus Westwood, 1859 (= Paramyronides Redtenbacher, 1908). Megalophasma Bi, 1995 is transferred from
Necrosciinae to Lonchodinae.
Four lectotypes are designated and three new specific synonyms revealed. A lectotype is designated for Rham-
phophasma modestus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893, the type-species of Rhamphophasma Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893, in
order to fix this genus and species. The male paralectotype is shown to be a male of Parapachymorpha nigra Brunner v.
Wattenwyl, 1893, the type-species of Parapachymorpha Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893. Clitumnus porrectus Brunner v.
Wattenwyl, 1907 is synonymised with Bacillus ? artemis Westwood, 1859 and a lectotype designated for the former (n.
syn.). A lectotype is designated for Oxyartes lamellatus Kirby, 1904 in order to fix this taxon and confirm the synonymy
established by Dohrn, 1910 (= Oxyartes honestus Redtenbacher, 1908, = Oxyartes spinosissimus Carl, 1913). Para-
centema stephanus Redtenbacher, 1908 is shown to have been erroneously synonymised with Neohirasea japonica (de
Haan, 1842) and here synonymised with Neohirasea maerens (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907) (n. syn.). In order to fix this
new synonymy a lectotype is designated for Paracentema stephanus Redtenbacher, 1908.
Finally, a biogeographic analysis of the Chinese phasmid fauna is presented. This includes brief background infor-
mation on the topography and biogeography of China along with maps showing the seven zoogeographical subregions
currently recognized as well as the 4 municipalities, 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions and 2 special administrative
regions of China. A summary of the taxonomic compilation of the fauna is provided and its relationships with neighbour-
ing regions, of both the Palaearctic and Oriental realms, are discussed. A study is presented on the distribution of the taxa
and species densities of each province / autonomous region. Recent ecological studies are summarized and list of the host
plants of 42 different species attached. The pest status of certain species which have become of serious importance for
agriculture in China is briefly summarized based on literary sources.
Key words: Phasmatodea, China, catalogue, type-depositories, new combinations, new synonyms, biogeography,
biology, ecology, bibliography
1. INTRODUCTION
With 241 recorded valid species the phasmid fauna of mainland China, excluding Taiwan, is apparently rich.
This is however not astonishing, as China is among the twelve megadiverse countries in the world and one of
Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press · 5
CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
the two countries with the highest biodiversity and endemism in Asia and the South-Pacific region. This is
mainly due to the highly complex topography, which includes the highest mountain system of the world, the
Himalayas, and various types of environments ranging from the Palaearctic to the Oriental Regions.
The first species of Phasmatodea associated with China were described by Stoll (1813) and Olivier (1792,
based on names for species figured in Stoll’s earlier version, published in 1788), but most of these records
appear to be erroneous. Only some 30 species from continental China were known up to the middle of the 20th
century, most described in the well-known “Catalogue of Orthopterous Insects in the British Museum” by J.
O. Westwood (1859), the monography “Die Insektenfamilie der Phasmiden” by C. Brunner v. Wattenwyl & J.
Redtenbacher (published in three parts: 1906, 1907 & 1908) and the paper of K. Günther (1940). Since the
mid 1980’s several Chinese workers (e.g. Cai Baoling, Chen Shuchun, He Yunheng & Liu Shengli) began to
study the Chinese Phasmatodea, which has so far resulted in more than 90 taxonomic publications describing
more than 200 species. The most recent and more comprehensive paper was the unpublished master-thesis by
Xu (2006), which reviewed Chinese Diapheromeridae (formerly Heteronemiidae) of the genera Lonchodes
Gray, 1835, Phraortes Stål, 1875, Dixippus Stål, 1875 and Lopaphus Stål, 1875 (= Paramyronides Redten-
bacher, 1908). One paper (Ren, 1997) has dealt with fossil insects, which supposedly represent Phasmatodea,
and described one new family and three new species. Numerous other publications, mostly in Chinese lan-
guage, have since dealt with the biology and ecology of phasmids in China. Several species occur as pests and
cause considerable damage in forests, plantations as well as public and private gardes, thus being of ecologi-
cal importance. A preliminary catalogue of the Phasmatodea of China (including Taiwan) was published by
Cai (1986) which listed 63 different species and Xu (2005a) provided a catalogue of the Phasmatodea of Hong
Kong, Macao and Taiwan.
So far, no comprehensive study on the Chinese phasmid fauna has been published and many of the papers
published since the mid 1980’s appear to have been unknown to extant researchers in Europe. Extensive bib-
liographical research has traced several genera and species not listed in the “Catalog of Stick and Leaf Insects
of the World” by Otte & Brock (2005). Therefore, a complete updated taxonomic and bibliographic catalogue
of Chinese Phasmatodea appears warranted and is here presented.
The following catalogue lists all genera and species that have so far been described, recorded or associ-
ated with mainland China. Since the phasmid fauna of Taiwan is considerably different from that of continen-
tal China and has a rather high percentage of endemic species, Taiwan is excluded from the present study. In
addition to listing all known taxa, the catalogue provides all type-data, type depositories, lists of synonyms as
well as information on the distribution of each species in China. Furthermore, a zoogeographical analysis of
the Chinese fauna is presented, which provides information on the zoogeographical sub-regions and provinces
of China, discusses the faunistic relations of continental China with neighbouring areas, and serves an empiric
analysis of the taxonomic compilation and general distributional pattern of Phasmatodea in China. The ecol-
ogy and pest status of phasmids in China is briefly reviewed and summarized and a list of all known host
plants for so far 42 species is provided.
The main aims of the present catalogue are:
1) To list all genera and species so far described / recorded from, or associated with continental China
(excluding Taiwan) and make this information available not only to Chinese, but also to foreign non-Chinese
speaking researchers, in order to supply to completing taxonomic catalogues of the order such as Otte &
Brock (2005), the online Phasmid Species File (PSF) of Brock (http://phasmida.orthoptera.org/) or data bases
in the internet (www.Phasmatodea.com).
2) To provide a brief summary on the status of ecological studies on Chinese Phasmatodea, the pest status
of certain species and the importance for agriculture, as wellas a bibliography.
3) To encourage extant and forthcoming entomologists to continue studying the highly diverse phasmid
fauna of China, not only in aspect of taxonomy and biodiversity but also in view of broadening our knowledge
of the ecology, biology and distributional pattern of taxa. Certainly, still dozends of new species are awaiting
HENNEMANN ET AL.
6 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
formal description but future studies should not only define to adding new taxa but should also aim the recog-
nition of already described taxa in a more comprehensive representation now available. Several species are
still only known from a single sex and discovery of the corresponding sex appears particularly warranted in
large genera such as Ramulus Saussure, 1862. Egg-morphology is very important for the distinction of genera
and species, but so far only the eggs of 52 Chinese species have been described and / or illustrated ( 6.).
2. MATERIAL & METHODS
The following catalogue lists all Phasmatodea so far recorded and described from the mainland of China
including Hong Kong but excludes Taiwan. The genera and species are listed in alphabetical order to allow
easier searching for taxa. The data of type material is in most cases based on literary sources, e.g. the original
descriptions. This concerns to all species described by Chinese workers since the mid 1980’s, whose type
material in ABNR, AMNR, BFU, CAU, GMC, INCA, IZCAS, NKU, NWAU, SIES, SNU, ICRI, TMNH and
ZMNH could not be examined. Data of specimens deposited in European museums were taken by direct
examination or from published type-catalogues. In cases the types were available for direct examination, the
complete inscriptions of the labels are provided and distinct labels separated by “;”. All published synonyms
are listed along with the type-data.
The geographical distribution is exceptionally based on literary records and provides only the records
from China in means of provinces / administrative regions.
2.1. Format used
genus name, author(s), year of publication
Type-species: genus & species name, author(s), page, illustration(s), designation.
Comments
Classification [“Areolatae” / “Anareolatae”: suprafamily: family: subfamily: tribe]
species name, author(s), year of publication: page, illustration(s) (illustrated sex) [original name].
List of types: country, province, county, location, altitude, date, collector (type depository).
= Synonyms (with list of types in same arrangement as above)
Comments
Distribution: Only Chinese records (provinces / administrative regions)
Valid name
2.2. Abbreviations
ABNR: Administration of Baishuijiang Natural Reserve, Gansu / China.
AMNR: Administration of Maolan Natural Reserve, Guizhou / China.
BFU: Beijing Forestry University, Beijing / China.
BMNH: Natural History Museum, London / England.
CAU: China Agricultural University, Beijing / China.
GMC: Geological Museum of China, Beijing / China.
ICRI: Institute of Entomology, Sun Yat-sen University (Zhongshan University), Guangzhou / China.
INCA: Inca Science Ltd., Chongqing / China.
IZCAS: Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing / China.
MNHN: Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris / France.
MNHU: Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin / Germany.
NHMW: Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna / Austria.
NHRS: Naturhistoriska Rijksmuseet, Stockholm / Sweden.
NKU: Department of Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin / China.
Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press · 7
CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
NTUC: National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan / China.
NWAU: Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yanglingzhen, Shaanxi / China.
NZSI: National Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta / India.
OXUM: Oxford University Museum, Oxford / England.
SIES: Shanghai Institute of Entomology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai / China.
SMTD: Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden / Germany.
SNU: Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an / China.
TMNH: Tianjin Natural History Museum, Tianjin / China.
UKM: Centre for Insect Systematics, Universiti Kebangsan, Bangi / Malaysia.
ZMNH: Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou / China.
ZMAS: Zoological Museum, Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg / Russia.
ZMFK: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum „Alexander König“, Bonn / Germany.
ZMUH: Zoologisches Museum der Universität, Hamburg / Germany.
ZRC: Zoological Reference Collection / Singapore.
FH: Private collection of Frank H. Hennemann, Kaiserslautern / Germany.
FSC: Private collection of Francis Seow-Choen / Singapore.
LY: Private collection of Ye Liu, Beijing / China.
PCL: Private collection of Baoling Cai & Shengli Liu, Haikou / China.
PDB: Private collection of Paul D. Brock, Slough / England.
HT: Holotype
AT: Allotype
PT: Paratype
ST: Syntype
LT: Lectotype
PLT: Paralectotype
3. CATALOGUE OF SPECIES
Abrosoma Redtenbacher, 1906
Type-species: Aschiphasma nebulosum Westwood, 1859: 93, pl. 9: 4, 4a & b ( ), by subsequent designation of Brock,
1995: 96.
= Perisceles Redtenbacher, 1908: 480 (Type-species: Perisceles modestus Redtenbacher, 1908: 481, by subsequent
designation of Zompro, 2002c: 6. Renamed Abrosoma festinatum Brock & Seow-Choen, 1995). [Preoccupied by
Perisceles Wright & Studer, 1887 (Coelenterata)]
= Prosceles Uvarov, 1940: 115 (Type-species: Perisceles modestus Redtenbacher, 1908: 481). [Unnecessary
replacement name for preoccupied Perisceles Redtenbacher, 1906 and junior synonym of Abrosoma Redtenbacher,
1906. Synonymised by Brock & Seow-Choen, 1995: 2]
Comments: As the type-specimens of the two Chinese species described by Chen & He (1999 & 2002) could not
be examined, and an egg of A. guangxiensis (Chen & He, 1999) illustrated by Xu (2006: 61, fig. 14) is very unlike
those of other Aschiphasmatinae, their exact generic placement needs confirmation.
[“Areolatae”: Aschiphasmatoidea: Aschiphasmatidae: Aschiphasmatinae: Aschiphasmatini]
balteatus Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 104, figs. 4a & b [Prosceles].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Jianfengling, 21.V.1997, leg. Li Wenzhu (IZCAS).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Abrosoma balteatum (Chen & He)
guangxiensis Chen & He, 1999: 85, fig. 2: 1–2: 3 ( , ) [Prosceles].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Bobai County, 11.VI.1986, leg. Chen Peichang (BFU); PT, 4 , 2 : China,
Guangxi Aut. Reg., Bobai County, 11.VI.1986, leg. Chen Peichang (BFU).
Comments: Xu (2006: 61, fig. 14) provided a photo of the egg. The identification is however doubtful as the illus-
trated egg is very unlike that of typical Aschiphasmatinae.
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Abrosoma guangxiensis (Chen & He)
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8 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
Acanthophasma Chen & He, 2000
Type-species: Oxyartes varius Chen & He, 1992b: 44, fig. 124, by original designation.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
varium Chen & He, 1992b: 44, fig. 124 [Oxyartes varius].
HT, : China, Hunan Province, Sangzhi County, Mt. Tianpingshan, 10.VII.1981, leg. Hunan Forest Research Insti-
tute (BFU).
Distribution: Hunan.
Valid name: Acanthophasma varium (Chen & He)
Andropromachus Carl, 1913
Type-species: Andropromachus scutatus Carl, 1913: 49, pl. 1: 3 ( ), by subsequent designation of Zompro, 2002a: 68.
= Spiniphasma Chen & He, 2000c: 32, fig. 7–2 ( ). (Type-species: Spiniphasma guangxiense Chen & He, 2000c:
32, by original designation). [Synonymised by Hennemann, 2007: 16]
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Lonchodinae]
guangxiense Chen & He, 2000c: 32, fig. 7–2 ( ). [Spiniphasma].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Wuming, Mt.Damingshan, 23.V.1963 leg. Yang Chikun (CAU); PT, : China,
Guangxi Aut. Reg., Huaping, Hongtan, 12.VI.1963, leg. Yang Chikun (CAU).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Andropromachus guangxiense (Chen & He)
Asceles Redtenbacher, 1908
Type-species: Necroscia malaccae Saussure, 1868: 69, pl. 3: 13 ( ), by subsequent designation of Brock, 1995: 87.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
bispinus Redtenbacher, 1908: 496 [Asceles].
ST, 3 , 3 : Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer, Coll. Br.v.W. (NHMW, No. 951); ST, : Tonkin, Mt.
Mauson, 2,000–3,000 ft., H. Fruhstorfer, Coll. Br.v.W. (NHMW, No. 951).
Distribution: Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Hainan & Guizhou.
Valid name: Asceles bispinus Redtenbacher
caesius Chen & He, 1999: 86, fig. 3 ( ) [Asceles].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Huanjiang County, 23.VIII.1994, leg. Jiang Guofang (BFU); PT, : China,
Guangxi Aut. Reg., Huanjiang County, 23.VIII.1994, leg. Jiang Guofang (BFU).
Distribution: Guangxi & Guizhou.
Valid name: Asceles caesius Chen & He
clavatus Chen & Wang, 1998b: 16, figs. 1–3 ( ) [Asceles].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Bobai County, Jiangning, VI.1996, leg. Chen Peichang (BFU).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Asceles clavatus Chen & Wang
longzhouensis Chen & He, 2000b: 395, fig. 1 ( ) [Asceles].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Longzhou County, Longgang 240 m, 5.V.1982, leg. Yang Chi-Kun (CAU).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Asceles longzhouensis Chen & He
Baculonistria Hennemann & Conle, in press
Type-species: Baculum album Chen & He, 1990a: 54, figs. 1a–c ( , ), by original designation (Hennemann
& Conle, in press).
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CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae: Pharnaciini]
alba Chen & He, 1990a: 54, figs. 1a–c ( , ) [Baculum album]. (Fig. 7)
HT, : China, Chongqing, Zhongxian County, leg. Zeng Lin 9.X.1989 (BFU); AT, : China, Chongqing, Zhongx-
ian, leg. Zeng Lin 9.X.1989 (BFU).
= sichuanensis Cai & Liu, 1993: 469, figs. 1–4 [Phobaeticus]. HT, : China, Chongqing, Zhongxian, leg. Zeng Lin
& Hu Liancheng 9.X.1989 (NKU); AT, : China, Chongqing, Zhongxian, leg. Zeng Lin & Hu Liancheng 9.X.1989
(NKU); PT, : China, Chongqing, Zhongxian, leg. Zeng Lin & Hu Liancheng 9.X.1989 (NKU); PT, 2 , 1 :
China, Chongqing, Wushan County (NKU). [Synonymised by Hennemann & Conle, in press]
Distribution: Chongqing & Hubei [Chen, 1999b: 34].
Valid name: Baculonistria alba (Chen & He)
longicornis Bi & Wang, 1998a: 10, figs. 5 & 6 ( ) [Phobaeticus].
HT, : China, Henan Province, Luanchuan County, Longyuwan, 10.VII.1996, leg. Liu Zurao, Zhang Weinian & Yin
Haisheng (SIES).
Comments: Ph. longicornis Bi & Wang is likely to represent the opposite sex and consequently a junior synonym
of Ph. yuexiensis Chen & He, 1993 from western Henan. A confirmed decision is is however impossible without
seeing the type-specimens of both species, and having material of both sexes from the same locality available for
examination.
Distribution: Henan.
Valid name: Baculonistria longicornis (Bi & Wang)
yuexiensis Chen & He, 1993b: 54, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Phobaeticus].
HT, : China, Anhui Province, Yuexi County, Kujingyuan forest farm, 1985, leg. Yu Fangbei (BFU).
Distribution: Anhui & Henan.
Valid name: Baculonistria yuexiensis (Chen & He)
Calvisia Stål, 1875
Type-species: Necroscia sangarius Westwood, 1859: 155, pl. 27: 6 ( ), pl. 35:4 & 35: 5 ( ), by subsequent designation
of Rehn, 1904: 71.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
medogensis Bi, 1993b: 81, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Calvisia].
HT, : China, Xizang Aut. Reg., Medog, 2.–23.VII.1980, leg. Jin Gentao & Wu Jianyi (SIES); AT, : China,
Xizang Aut. Reg., Medog, 2.–23.VII.1980, leg. Jin Gentao & Wu Jianyi (SIES); PT, 3 : China, Xizang Aut. Reg.,
Medog, 2.–23.VII.1980, leg. Jin Gentao & Wu Jianyi (SIES).
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet).
Valid name: Calvisia medogensis Bi
Carausius Stål, 1875
Type-species: Carausius strumosus Stål, 1875: 64, by subsequent designation of Rehn, 1904: 42.
= Dixippus Stål, 1875: 9, 66. (Type-species: Phasma (Bacteria) crawangensis de Haan, 1842: 132, pl. 13: 1, by sub-
sequent designation of Rehn, 1904: 40). [Synonymised by Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 265]
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Lonchodinae]
femoralis Chen & He, 2002: 2, figs. 3 & 4 ( ) [Carausius].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Ninglang 3000 m, 24.X.1995 (BFU).
Comments: The Zoological Record erroneously states the author’s to be “Cheng & Shang”.
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Carausius femoralis Chen & He
lijiangensis Chen & He, 2002: 2, fig. 5 ( ) [Carausius].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Lijiang 2840 m, 23.XI.1995, leg. Yao Defu (BFU).
Comments: The Zoological Record erroneously states the author’s to be “Cheng & Shang”.
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10 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Carausius lijangensis Chen & He
undatus Chen & He, 2002: 1, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Carausius].
HT, : China, Sichuan Province, Mt.Qingchengshan, 1000 m, 4.VI.1979, leg. Gao Ping (IZCAS).
Comments: The Zoological Record erroneously states the author’s to be “Cheng & Shang”.
Distribution: Sichuan.
Valid name: Carausius undatus Chen & He
thoracius Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Xu), 2006: 97, figs. 7:1 & 7: 2 ( ) [Carausius].
HT, : China, Guizhou Province, Fanjingshan, 2002, leg. Xu Fangling (BFU).
Distribution: Guizhou.
Valid name: Carausius thoracius Chen & He
Cnipsomorpha Hennemann, Conle, Zhang & Liu, 2008
Type-species: Cnipsomorpha erinacea Hennemann, Conle, Zhang & Liu, 2008: 58, figs. 12–17 ( ), by original designa-
tion.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini]
apteris Liu & Cai, 1992: 61, figs. 3a & b ( ) [Cnipsus].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Lushui County, Yaojaping 2500 m, 2.VI.1981, leg. Wang Shuyong (IZCAS); PT,
: Yunnan Province, Lushui County, Pianma (IZCAS).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Cnipsomorpha apteris (Liu & Cai)
colorantis Chen & He, 1996b: 286, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Cnipsus].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Menglong Banna, Mengsong 1600 m, 26.IV.1958, leg. Hong Chunpei (IZCAS).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Cnipsomorpha colorantis (Chen & He)
erinacea Hennmann, Conle, Zhang & Liu, 2008: 58, figs. 12–17 ( ) [Cnipsomorpha].
HT, : Southwest China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Village Bingzhongluo, Mt. Niwalo, 1500–2000m,
18.VIII.2006, leg Liu Ye [in alcohol] (IZCAS).
PT, 1 egg (removed from the abdomen of the HT) [in alcohol]: same data as HT (IZCAS)
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Cnipsomorpha erinacea Hennemann, Conle, Zhang & Liu, 2008
Entoria Stål, 1875
Type-species: Entoria denticornis Stål, 1875: 72, by subsequent designation of Kirby, 1904: 327.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae: Clitumnini]
baishanzuensis Chen & He, 1995g: 63, figs. 1–3 ( ) [Entoria].
HT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Baishanzu 1500 m, 20.VII.1993, leg. Wu Hong (BFU); PT, : China, Zhe-
jiang Province, Mt. Baishanzu 1500 m, 20.VII.1993, leg. Wu Hong (BFU).
Distribution: Zhejiang.
Valid name: Entoria baishanzuensis Chen & He
bituberculata Bi, 1993: 35, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Entoria].
HT, : China, Fujian Province, Jiangle County, Longqi Mountain 850 m, 1.VII.1991, leg. Yang Longlong (IZCAS);
PT, : China, Fujian Province, Jiangle County, Longqi Mountain, 18.V.1991, leg. Chang Wanyun (IZCAS).
Comments: In the English summary attached to the original description, the colectors of the HT and PT are mixed
up the for the
Distribution: Fujian.
Valid name: Entoria bituberculata Bi
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CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
fujianensis Cai & Liu, 1990: 422, figs. 6 & 13 ( ) [Entoria].
HT, : China, Fujian Province, Gushan, Fuzhou, 2.V.1965, coll. Liu Shengli (TMNH).
Distribution: Fujian.
Valid name: Entoria fujianensis Cai & Liu
fuzhouensis Cai & Liu, 1990: 419, figs. 3 & 10 ( ) [Entoria].
HT, : China, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, 7.VII.1965 (PCL).
Distribution: Fujian.
Valid name: Entoria fuzhouensis Cai & Liu
gracilis Bi, 1993: 36, fig. 3 ( ) [Entoria].
HT, : China, Fujian Province, Jiangle County, Longqi Mountain, 6.VII.1991, leg. Ma Wenzhen (IZCAS).
Distribution: Fujian.
Valid name: Entoria gracilis Bi
hainanensis Cai & Liu, 1990: 418, figs. 1, 7 & 8 ( ) [Entoria].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Haikou, 15.III.1964, leg. Liu Shengli (TMNH).
Distribution: Hainan & Hong Kong.
Valid name: Entoria hainanensis Cai & Liu
humilis Bi, 1993: 37, fig. 4 ( ) [Entoria].
HT, : China, Fujian Province, Jiangle County, Longqi Mountain, 21.VI.1991, leg. Yang Longlong (IZCAS).
Distribution: Fujian.
Valid name: Entoria humilis Bi
laminata Cai & Liu, 1990: 421, figs. 5 & 12 ( ) [Entoria].
HT, : China, Fujian Province, Fuzhou, Gushan, 12.VII.1984, leg. Liu Shengli (TMNH).
Distribution: Fujian & Hong Kong.
Valid name: Entoria laminata Cai & Liu
sichuanensis Cai & Liu, 1990: 420, figs. 4 & 11 ( ) [Entoria].
HT, : China, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 12.VII.1984 (PCL).
Distribution: Sichuan.
Valid name: Entoria sichuanensis Cai & Liu
victoria Brock & Seow-Choen 2000: 134, fig. 7 ( ) & 8 ( ) [Entoria].
HT, : Hong Kong, Peel Rise, Victoria Peak, 10.VII.1996, leg. F. Seow-Choen (BMNH); PT, : Hong Kong, Peel
Rise, Victoria Peak, V.1995, leg. F. Seow-Choen (BMNH); PT, 1 , 1 : Hong Kong, Peel Rise, Victoria Peak,
10.VII.1996, leg. F. Seow-Choen (FSC).
Distribution: Hong Kong.
Valid name: Entoria victoria Brock & Seow-Choen
wuyiensis Cai & Liu, 1990: 419, figs. 2 & 9 ( ) [Entoria].
HT, : China, Fujian Province, Wuyi Mountain, VIII.1982 (PCL).
Distribution: Fujian.
Valid name: Entoria wuyiensis Cai & Liu
Gongylopus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907
Type-species: Gongylopus adiposus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 233, pl. 9: 7 ( ), by monotypy.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini]
adiposus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 233, pl. 9: 7 ( ) [Gongylopus].
ST, : Museum Paris, Yunnan Tsé-Kou, R. Oberthur 1898; Type; 72. Gongylopus adiposus Br. type. (MNHN); ST,
: Museum Paris, Yunnan Tsé-Kou, R. Oberthur 1898; 72. Gongylopus adiposus Br. sp. n. (MNHN).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Gongylopus adiposus Brunner v. Wattenwyl
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Leurophasma Bi, 1995
Type-species: Leurophasma dilochocerca Bi, 1995: 452, figs. 1–7 ( , ), by original designation.
[“Areolatae”: Aschiphasmatoidea: Aschiphasmatidae: Aschiphasmatinae: Aschiphasmatini]
dolichocercum Bi, 1995: 452, figs. 1–7 ( , ) [Leurophasma dolichocerca].
HT, : China, Xizang Aut. Reg., Medog, 18.–21.VII.1979, leg. Jim Gentao & Wu Jianyi (SIES); AT, : China,
Xizang Aut. Reg., Medog, 18.–21.VII.1979, leg. Jim Gentao & Wu Jianyi (SIES); PT, 2 : China, Xizang Aut.
Reg., Medog, 18.–21.VII.1979, leg. Jim Gentao & Wu Jianyi (SIES).
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet).
Valid name: Leurophasma dolichocercum Bi
Linocerus Gray, 1835 rev. stat.
Type-species: Linocerus gracilis Gray, 1835: 20, by monotypy.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini?]
gracilis Gray, 1835: 20 [Linocerus].
Type(s): China (OXUM – not traced).
Comments: Gray (1835: 20) described L. gracilis as the only species contained in his new genus Linocerus, thus
being the type-species by monotypy. The type (s) in OXUM are not traced and the original description is too brief to
draw a confirmed decision obout its generic affiliation. In transferring gracilis to the genus Bacillus St. Fargeau &
Audinet-Serville, 1825, Cai (1987: 26) synonymised Linocerus. However, Gray clearly distinguished Linocerus
from Bacillus by the longer and more slender legs, more numerous antennomeres and laterally dilated and flattened
scapus and pedicellus. Furthermore, the occurance of a representative of the Mediterranean genus Bacillus in China
is very unlikely. Unfortunately, Gray did not make any mention about whether this genus has an area apicalis or not,
why the actual systematic position is impossible to decide with confirmation. Nevertheless, Linocerus appears to be
closely related to Clonaria Stål, 1875 (= Gratidia Stål, 1875, = Paraclonaria Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893), Sceptro-
phasma Brock & Seow-Choen, 2000 and Macellina Uvarov, 1940, and is here re-established as a valid genus (rev.
stat.)
Distribution: “China”.
Valid name: Linocerus gracilis Gray rev. stat.
Lonchodes Gray, 1835
Type-species: Lonchodes brevipes Gray, 1835: 13, 19, by subsequent designation of Kirby, 1904: 373.
= Phasgania Kirby, 1896: 461. (Type-species: Phasgania everetti Kirby, 1896: 461, pl. 40: 2, by original designa-
tion. [Synonymised by Bragg, 2001: 435]
= Staelonchodes Kirby, 1904: 372. (Type-species: Lonchodes geniculatus Gray, 1835: 19, by original designation).
[Synonymised by Brock, 1995: 86]
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Lonchodinae]
bobaiensis Chen, 1986b: 401, figs. 1–3 ( ) [Entoria].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Bobai, 6.–13.VII.1977, leg. Chen Suchun (BFU); PT, 8 : China, Guangxi Aut.
Reg., Bobai, 6.–13.VII.1977, leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU)
Comments: The was described by Chen (1990: 130, figs. 1). Chen, He & Li (2002: 102) transferred it to the genus Dixippus
Stål, 1875. Chen & Xu (in: Xu, 2006: 41 & 61 fig.3) described and illustrated the egg.
Distribution: Guangxi & Hainan.
Valid name: Lonchodes bobaiensis (Chen) n. comb.
hainanensis Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 103, figs. 3a–c ( , ) [Dixippus].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Mt. Wuzhishan, 29.V.1997, leg. Yang Chikun & Chen Guifang (BFU); PT, :
China, Hainan Province, Mt. Wuzhishan, 29.V.1997, leg. Yang Chikun & Chen Guifang (BFU).
Distribution: Hainan & Hong Kong.
Valid name: Lonchodes hainanensis (Chen & He) n. comb.
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CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
huapingensis Bi & Li, 1991: 106, figs. 4 & 5 ( ) [Dixippus].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., 10.IX.1984 leg. Huang Jiade (SIES).
Comments: The egg was described and illustrated by Chen & Xu (in: Xu, 2006: 41 & 61 fig.16).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Lonchodes huapingensis (Bi & Li) n. comb.
nigroantennatus Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 102, figs. 2 a & b ( ) [Dixippus].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Jianfengling, 21.V.1997, leg. Li Wenzhu (IZCAS).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Lonchodes nigroantennatus (Chen & He) n. comb.
parvus Chen & He, 1994a: 312, figs. 2 & 3 ( ) [Dixippus].
HT, : China, Xizang Aut. Reg., Maituo (Medog) County, 950–1000 m, 4.VI.1983, leg. Zai Lin (IZCAS).
Comments: The generic assignment needs confirmation by examination of the type-specimen. It is definitely not a
member of Carausius Stål, 1875 and therefore provisonally transferred to Lonchodes Gray, to which it is obviously
more closely related.
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet).
Valid name: Lonchodes parvus (Chen & He) n. comb.
Lopaphus Westwood, 1859
Type-species: Phasma brachypterum de Haan, 1842: 125, pl. 13: 2 ( ), by subsequent designation of Kirby, 1904: 433.
= Arthminotus Bi, 1995: 454. (Type-species: Arthminotus sinensis Bi, 1995: 454, figs. 12–14, by original designa-
tion) n. syn.
= Cercophylla Redtenbacher, 1908: 531. (Type-species: Cercophylla sphalera Redtenbacher, 1908: 531, by mono-
typy). [Synonymised by Hennemann, Conle & Seiler, 1998: 197].
= Paramyronides Redtenbacher, 1908: 477. (Type-species: Paramyronides tonkinensis Redtenbacher, 1908: 478)
[Synonymised by Brock, 1995: 89]
Comments: Bi (1995) distinguished Arthminotus from Paramyronides Redtenbacher; 1908 (= Lopaphus Westwood, 1859) by
the median segment being completely fused with the metanotum and the legs exceeding thr apex of the abdomen. The transverse
fissure which separates the metanotum and median segment may be very indistinct and difficult to see without magnification in
certain species of Lopaphus, and also the legs can project over the apex of the abdomen. Genital features of the of A. sinensis
Bi do not show any differences from typical Lopaphus-species, including the type-species Lopaphus brachypterus (de Haan), at
all. Consequently, Arthminotus Bi is here synonymised with Lopaphus Westwood.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
albopunctatus Chen & He, 2004a: 49, figs. 7a–c ( , ) [Paramyronides abopunctata].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg. , Longzhou, Sanlian 350 m, 13.VI.2000, leg. Li Wenzhou & Chen Jun (IZCAS );
PT, , : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Longzhou, Sanlian 350 m, 13.VI.2000, leg. Li Wenzhou & Chen Jun (IZCAS).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Lopaphus albopunctatus (Chen & He)
sinensis Bi, 1995: 454, figs. 12–14 ( ) [Arthminotus].
HT, : China, Xizang Aut. Reg., Medog, 5.VII.1980, leg. Jin Gentao & Wu Jianyi (SIES); PT, : China, Xizang
Aut. Reg., Medog, 5.VII.1980, leg. Jin Gentao & Wu Jianyi (SIES).
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet).
Valid name: Lopaphus sinensis (Bi) n. comb.
unidentatus Chen & He, 1995f: 73, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Paramyronides].
HT, : China, Xizang, Bomi 2300 m, 23.VIII.1987, leg. Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS);
PT, : China, Yunnan, Lanping 2400 m, 26.VIII.1987, leg. Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS).
Comments: The was described and illustrated by Chen & He (1996c: 98, figs. 1 & 2) from Xizang Aut. Reg., Bomi County,
Tongmai 1050 m & Yiong 2300m.
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet) & Yunnan.
Valid name: Lopaphus unidentatus (Chen & He)
yunnanensis Chen & He, 1995a: 658, figs. 1–3 ( ) [Paramyronides].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Bubang 700m,16.IX.1993, leg. Yang Longlong (IZCAS); PT, :
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14 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 9.IX.1993, leg. Cheng Xinyue (BFU).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Lopaphus yunnanensis (Chen & He)
Macellina Uvarov, 1940
Type-species: Bacillus souchongia Westwood, 1859: 11, pl. 7: 8, 8a & 8b ( ), by original designation.
= Macella Stål, 1875: 13. (Type-species: Bacillus souchongia Westwood, 1859: 11, pl. 7: 8, 8a & 8b ( ), by subse-
quent designation of Rehn, 1904: 80). [Homonym. Preoccupied by Macella Walker, 1858 (Lepidoptera), replaced
by Macellina Uvarov, 1940]
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini]
digitata Chen & Wang, 1993: 472, figs. 1–3 ( , ) [Macellina].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Bobai County, 24.VI.1989, leg. Wang Jijian (BFU); AT, : China, Guangxi Aut.
Reg., Bobai County, Sanyu forest farm, 24.VI.1989, leg. Wang Jijian (BFU); PT, 2 : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg.,
Bobai County, Sanyu forest farm,7.VII.1989, leg. Wang Jijian (BFU).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Macellina digitata Chen & Wang
souchongia Westwood, 1859: 11, pl. 7: 8, 8a & 8b ( ). [Bacillus].
HT, : China, 44–26 [the register for acquisition no. [18]44–26 states: China (nr. Macao), Presented by John C.
Bowring Esq., Macau]; Souchongia Westw.; Bacillus Souchongia Westw. China (BMNH).
Distribution: Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang,
Guangxi, Hong Kong & Macao
Valid name: Macellina souchongia (Westwood)
Marmessoidea Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893
Type-species: Necroscia marmessus Westwood, 1859: 149, pl. 19: 7 ( ), 19: 1 ( ), by original designation.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
chinensis Redtenbacher, 1908: 514 [Marmessoidea].
HT, : Omi-Shan, Westchina, Kricheldorff S.; Marmessoidea chinensis Br. (MNHU).
Distribution: Sichuan
Valid name: Marmessoidea chinensis Redtenbacher
viridescens Chen, He & Chen, 2000: 129, figs. 3 & 4 ( ) [Marmessoidea].
HT, : China, Guangdong Province, Lianxian County, Tanling, 12.VII.1992, leg. Liang Gequi (ICRI).
Distribution: Guangdong.
Valid name: Marmessoidea viridescens Chen, He & Chen
wuzhishanensis Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 105, figs. 6a & b ( ) [Marmessoidea].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Mt. Wuzhishan, 29.V.1997, leg. Yang Chikun & Cheng Gunfang (BFU); PT, 2 :
China, Hainan Province, Mt. Wuzhishan, 29.V.1997, leg. Yang Chikun & Cheng Gunfang (BFU).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Marmessoidea wuzhishanensis Chen & He
Medauroidea Zompro, 1999
Type-species: Clitumnus extradentatus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 193, by original designation.
Comments: Certainly some other Chinese species originally described in Baculum Saussure and here listed in Ram-
ulus Saussure will prove to be members of Medauroidea once the genitalia are examined in more detail and eggs
become known.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae: Clitumnini]
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CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
dolichocercata Bi & Wang, 1998a: 9, figs. 1–4 ( , ) [Baculum dolichocercatum].
HT, : China, Henan Province, Xinyang, Mt. Jigongshan, VII.1986, leg. Wang Zhiguo (SIES); AT, : China, Henan
Province,Tongbai, Shuiliandong, 15.VII.1984, leg. Zhang Xiujiang (SIES); PT, : China, Henan Province, China,
Henan Province, Songxian County, Mt. Baiyunshan,15–20.VII.1996, leg. Liu Zuyao, Zhang Weinian & Yin Haish-
eng (SIES); PT, : China, Henan Province, China, Henan Province, Songxian County, Mt. Baiyunshan,16.VII.1996,
leg. Wang Zhiguo (SIES).
Comments: The egg was described and figured by Chen & Li (1999a: 53, figs. 2c & d). The ovoid capsule places it
in Medauroidea Zompro.
Distribution: Henan.
Valid name: Medauroidea dolichocercata (Bi & Wang) n. comb.
polita Chen & He, 1997d, 54, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Baculum politum].
HT, : China, Sichuan Province, Wenchuan County (31.4°N, 103.6°E), 900 m, 15.IX.1983, leg. Wang Ruiqi
(IZCAS).
Comments: The egg was described and figured by Chen & Li (1999a: 53, figs. 2a & b). The ovoid capsule places it
in Medauroidea Zompro.
Distribution: Sichuan.
Valid name: Medauroidea polita (Chen & He) n. comb.
Megalophasma Bi, 1995
Type-species: Megalophasma granulata Bi, 1995: 453, figs. 8–11 ( ), by original designation.
Comments: Bi (1995) placed this genus in close relation to Parasosibia Redtenbacher, 1908, hence in the subfamily
Necrosciinae. However, Megalophasma is undoubtedly a member of Lonchodinae being closely related to
Phraortes Stål, 1875.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Lonchodinae]
granulatum Bi, 1995: 454, figs. 8–11 ( ) [Megalophasma granulata].
HT, : China, Xizang Aut. Reg., Medog, 18.VII.1980, leg. Jin Gentao & Wu Jianyi (SIES); PT, 6 : China,
Xizang Aut. Reg.,Medog,18.VII.1980, leg. Jin Gentao & Wu Jianyi (SIES).
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet).
Valid name: Megalophasma granulatum Bi
Menexenus Stål, 1875
Type-species: Phasma (Acanthoderus) lacertinum Westwood, 1848: 80, pl. 39: 6 ( ), by monotypy.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Lonchodinae]
rotunginus Giglio-Tos, 1914: 421 [Menexenus].
ST, (nymph): India, Kobo, Abor, 1911 from “Indian Museum” NZSI, Calcutta [in alcohol] (MIZT); ST, (),
(): India, Kobo, Abor, 1911 [number of specimens unknown] (NZSI); ST, (nymph): India, below Danda,
Arbor, 1911 (NZSI).
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet) [Cai, 1987: 27].
Valid name: Menexenus rotunginus Giglio-Tos
Micadina Redtenbacher, 1908
Type-species: Marmessoidea phluctaenoides Rehn, 1904: 73, by subsequent designation of Shiraki, 1935: 71.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
bilobata Liu & Cai, 1994: 87, figs. 2: 1–4 ( , )[Micadina].
HT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Tianmushan, Laodian, 14.–16.VIII.1965, leg. Liu Shengli (NKU); AT, :
China, Zhejiang, Mt. Tianmushan, Laodian, 14.–16.VIII.1965, leg. Liu Shengli (NKU); PT, : China, Zhejiang, Mt.
Tianmushan, Laodian, 14.–16.VIII.1965, leg. Liu Shengli (NKU)
Distribution: Zhejiang
HENNEMANN ET AL.
16 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
Valid name: Micadina bilobata Liu & Cai
brachptera Liu & Cai, 1994: 87, figs. 1, 2: 9 & 2: 10 ( ) [Micadina].
HT, : China, Guizhou Province, Mt. Leigongshan 2150 m, 13.VIII.1983, leg. Chen Pingping (NKU).
Comments: Obviously, Liu & Cai (1994) intended to name this species “brachyptera”, with reference to the short-
ened alae of the . Therefore, the original name “brachptera” is here corrected to “brachyptera”.
Distribution: Guizhou
Valid name: Micadina brachyptera Liu & Cai
brevioperculina Bi (in: Bi, Chen & He), 1992: 67, figs. 2: 1 & 2: 2 ( ) [Micadina].
HT, : China, Guizhou Province, Jiangkou County, Mt. Fanjingshan, 5.VIII.1988, leg. Liu Xianwei (SIES); PT,
China, Hubei Province, Lichuan, Mt. Xingdoushan, 3.WIII.1989, leg. Liu Zuyao & Xie Rongdong (SIES).
Distribution: Guizhou & Hubei
Valid name: Micadina brevioperculina Bi
conifera Chen & He, 1997b: 119, figs. 10a–c ( ) [Micadina]. (Fig. 5)
HT, : China, Hubei Province, Xingshan County, Longmenhe 1350 m, 18.VII.1993, leg. Sun Baowen (IZCAS); PT,
: China, Chongqing, Wanzhou, Wang´erbao 1200 m, 11.VIII.1993 leg. Chen Xiaolin (IZCAS).
Distribution: Hubei, Chongqing, Shaanxi & Henan.
Valid name: Micadina conifera Chen & He
difficilis Günther, 1940: 237 [Micadina].
HT, : China [Fujian Province, Wuyi Shan Mts.], Kwangtseh-Fukien [= Hangchuan 117°24´00” E, 27°30´00” N], J.
Klapperich, 15.7.1937; Typus; Dr. K. Günther det., 1939: Micadina difficilis n. sp. (ZMFK, No. PHA 2001/35); PT,
: Kwangtseh Fukien [= Hangchuan 117°24´00” E, 27°30´00” N], J. Klapperich, 18.7.1937; 1939 11 (SMTD).
Distribution: Fujian.
Valid name: Micadina difficilis Günther
fujianensis Liu & Cai, 1994: 88, figs. 2: 5–8 ( , ) [Micadina].
HT, : China, Fujian Province, Huanggangshan, 28.VI.1982, leg. Zhang Kechi (NKU); AT, : China, Fujian Prov-
ince, Daiyunshan, 30.VII.1984, leg. Jiang Fan (NKU); PT, : China, Fujian Province, Daiyunshan, 30.VII.1984,
leg. Jiang Fan (NKU).
Distribution: Fujian
Valid name: Micadina fujianensis Liu & Cai
involuta Günther, 1940: 238, figs. A & H ( ) [Micadina].
HT, : China [Fujian Province, Wuyi Shan Mts.], Kwangtseh-Fukien [= Hangchuan 117°24´00” E, 27°30´00” N], J.
Klapperich, 25.7.1937; Typus; Dr. K. Günther det., 1939: Micadina involuta n. sp. (ZMFK, No. PHA 2001/40); PT,
: Kwantseh-Fukien [= Hangchuan 117°24´00” E, 27°30´00” N], J. Klapperich, 21.7.1937; 1939 11 (SMTD).
Distribution: Fujian.
Valid name: Micadina involuta Günther
sonani Shiraki, 1935: 75, pl. 9: 1–3 ( , ) [Micadina].
ST, : Taiwan, Shinchik, VII [Juli] (NTUC); ST, : China, Shinchiku, VII [Juli] (NTUC) ST, (nymph): China,
Shinchiku, VII [Juli] (NTUC).
Distribution: Fujian [Günther, 1940: 239; Cai & Chen, 1999: 67].
Valid name: Micadina sonani Shiraki
yasumatsui Shiraki, 1935: 74, pl. 8: 15–16, Figs. 15 & 16 ( ) [Micadina]
ST, () [exact number not known]: Japan, Sobosan, VII [Juli] (NTUC); ST, () [exact number not
known]: Japan, Ubasha, VIII [August](NTUC).
Distribution: Fujian [Cai & Chen, 1999: 68, figs. 77e to 77 f].
Valid name: Micadina yasumatsui Shiraki
yingdensis Chen & He, 1992a: 207, figs. 1–4 ( , ) [Micadina].
HT, : China, Guangdong Province, Yingde County, VI.–VII.1990, leg. Chen Shilan (BFU); AT, : China, Guang-
dong Province, Yingde County, VI.–VII.1990, leg. Chen Shilan (BFU); PT, 1 ,1 : China, Guangdong Province,
Yingde County, VI.–VII.1990, leg. Chen Shilan (BFU).
Distribution: Guangdong, Jiangxi & Hunan.
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CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
Valid name: Micadina yingdensis Chen & He
zhejiangensis Chen & He, 1995g: 64, fig. 4–5 ( ) [Micadina].
HT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Baishanzu, Wulingkeng 800 m, 20.VII.1994, leg. Wu Mingsheng (BFU).
Distribution: Zhejiang.
Valid name: Micadina zhejiangensis Chen & He
Nanhuaphasma Chen, He & Li, 2002
Type-species: Nanhuaphasma hamicercum Chen & He, 2002: 100, figs. 1a & b, by original designation.
Comments: Chen, He & Li (2002: 100) stated the ungues to be not pectinate which would not place them in
Aschiphasmatidae. The authors placed the genus in close relation to Leurophasma Bi, 1995 and the neotropical
Autolyca Stål, 1875, the latter certainly based on mainly habitual similarity.
[“Areolatae”: Aschiphasmatoidea: Aschiphasmatidae: Aschiphasmatinae: Aschiphasmatini ?]
hamicercum Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 100, figs. 1a & b ( ) [Nanhuaphasma].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Jianfengling, 21.V.1997, leg. Li Wenzhu (IZCAS); PT, : China, Guangxi Aut.
Reg., Longzhou, Mt. Daqingshan, 16.VI.1996, leg. Zhang Baolin (IZCAS).
Distribution: Hainan & Guangxi.
Valid name: Nanhuaphasma hamicercum Chen & He
Necroscia Audinet-Serville, 1838
Type-species: Necroscia roseipennis Audinet-Serville, 1838: 252, by subsequent designation by Kirby, 1904: 436.
= Aruanoidea Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893: 84 (Type-species: Necroscia aruana Westwood, 1859: 134). [Syn-
onymised by Hennemann, 1998: 121]
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
flavescens Chen & Wang, 1998a: 2, figs. 1–4 ( , ) [Aruanoidea].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Bobai County, Jiangliu forest farm, 16.VI.1997, leg. Wang Jijian (BFU); PT, 4
, 4 : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Bobai County, Jiangliu forest farm,16.VI.1997, leg. Wang Jijian (BFU).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Necroscia flavescens (Chen & Wang)
inflexipes Olivier, 1792: 641 [Mantis].
HT, : China (RMNH – not traced and believed lost). (Based on illustration of Stoll (1788, pl. 13: 52)).
= valgum Lichtenstein, 1796: 78 [Phasma]. (Based on illustration of Stoll (1788, pl. 13: 52)—junior homonym).
= curvipes Stoll, 1813: 43, pl. 13: 52 ( ) [Phasma]. (The illustration was published in 1788 but without a binomal
latinized name – junior homonym).
Distribution: “China”.
Valid name: Necroscia inflexipes (Olivier)
maculata Chen & He, 2000b: 396, fig. 2 ( ) [Aruanoidea].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Longzhou County, Longgang 240 m, 5.V.1982, leg. Yang Chi-Kun (CAU).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Necroscia maculata (Chen & He) Neohirasea Rehn, 1904
Type-species: Phasma (Acanthoderus) japonicum de Haan, 1842: 135, pl. 12: 4 ( ), by original designation.
= Paracentema Redtenbacher, 1908: 477 (Type-species: Paracentema stephanus Redtenbacher, 1908: 477). [Syn-
onymised by Zompro, 2002a: 68]
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Lonchodinae]
hongkongensis Brock & Seow-Choen, 2000: 123, figs. 3 ( ) & 4 ( ) [Neohirasea].
HT, : Hong Kong, Peel Rise, Victoria Peak, 10.VII.1996, leg. F. Seow-Choen (BMNH); PT, 5 , 4 : Hong
Kong, Peel Rise, Victoria Peak, 10.VII.1996, leg. F. Seow-Choen (BMNH); PT, 6 , 6 : Hong Kong, Peel Rise,
HENNEMANN ET AL.
18 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
Victoria Peak, 10.VII.1996, leg. F. Seow-Choen (ZRC); PT, 3 , 3 : Hong Kong, Peel Rise, Victoria Peak,
10.VII.1996, leg. F. Seow-Choen (UKM); PT, 1 , 1 : Hong Kong, Peel Rise, Victoria Peak, 10.VII.1996, leg. F.
Seow-Choen (coll. PDB); PT, : Hong Kong, 1911, leg. F.W.Terry (BMNH); PT, 2 , 2 (nymphs): Hong
Kong, Peel Rise, Victoria Peak, V.95, leg. F. Seow-Choen (UKM).
= Paracentema stephanus, Bi, Zhang & Lau, 2001: 253 (not de Haan, 1842). [Misidentification]
Distribution: Hong Kong.
Valid name: Neohirasea hongkongensis Brock & Seow-Choen
japonica de Haan, 1842: 135, pl. 12: 4 ( ) [Phasma (Acanthoderus) japonicum].
ST, : Japan, Decima, „von Bürger“ (RMNH); ST, : Japan von Siebold (RMNH).
= lugens Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 244 [Menexenus]. ST, : Japan, Coll. Brunner v. W., ex Mus. Hamburg, Nr.
23.047 (NHMW, No. 455); ST, : Kobe Japan A.J. Speyer vend. 11.X.1898.; Apora lugens Br. . Typus C. Brunner
v. W. determ. 1899, public. 1906–08. Bestimm.-Verz. Nr. 28.
= Menexenus lugens Nr. 29- abgegeben im Tausch an Br. v. W. 10.XI.189 (ZMUH) [Synonymised by Hauslei-
thner, 1992: 430].
[Not: Paracentema stephanus Redtenbacher, 1908: 477. LT [by present designation], : Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-
Juli, H.Fruhstorfer (NHMW, No. 914); PLT, 2 : Tonkin, Than-Moi, H. Rolle (NHMW, No. 914).
Erroneous synonym of Zompro, 2002a: 68, = Neohirasea maerens (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 n. syn.]
Comments: Zompro (2002a: 68) synonymised Paracentema stephanus Redtenbacher, 1908 with Neohirasea japon-
ica (de Haan, 1842) in error. Examination of the three ST’s in NHMW has shown these to be the same as Menexenus maer-
ens Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 instead. In order to fix this synonymy the specimen collected by H. Fruhstorfer is
here selected as the LT.
Distribution: Guangxi [Bi & Li, 1991: 107, figs. 13] & Hunan [Chen & He, 1987: 57].
Valid name: Neohirasea japonica (de Haan)
Neososibia Chen & He, 2000
Type-species: Neososibia brevispina Chen & He, 2000c: 31, figs. 7: 1–7: 3 ( ), by original designation.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
brevispina Chen & He, 2000c: 31, figs. 7: 1–7: 3 ( ) [Neososibia].
HT, : China, Guangdong Province, Fengkai, 24.V.1986, leg. Lan De’an (ICRI).
Distribution: Guangdong.
Valid name: Neososibia brevispina Chen & He
guizhouensis Chen & Ran, 2002: 124,figs. 7: 1 & 2 ( , ) [Neososibia].
HT, : China, Guizhou Province, Libo County, Maolan, 1999, leg. Ran Chengjing (BFU); PT, 2 , 4 : China,
Guizhou Province, Libo County, Maolan, 1999, leg. Ran Chengjing (BFU & MLNR).
Distribution: Guizhou.
Valid name: Neososibia guizhouensis Chen & Ran
Oxyartes Stål, 1875
Type-species: Phasma (Acanthoderus) despectum Westwood, 1848: 80, pl. 39: 5, by subsequent designation of Kirby,
1904: 365.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
lamellatus Kirby, 1904b: 274 [Oxyartes]. (Figs. 12 & 13)
LT [by present designation], : Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer; Oxyartes lamellatus Kirby (BMNH);
PLT, : Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer; Oxyartes lamellatus Kirby (BMNH); PLT, (penultimate
instar nymph): Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer; Oxyartes lamellatus Kirby (BMNH).
= honestus Redtenbacher, 1908: 475 [Oxyartes]. HT, (penultimate instar nymph): Tonkin, Montes Mauson 2.000–
3.000´, IV.–V., H. Fruhstorfer, Coll. Br.v.W., 24.067 (NHMW, No. 913). [Synonymised by Dohrn, 1910: 410]
= spinosissimus Carl, 1913: 46 [Oxyartes]. HT, : Tonkin, ach. Baudet, Oxyartes spinosissimus Carl (MHNG).
[Synonymised by Dohrn, 1910: 410]
Comments: The adult of Kirby’s three syntypes of Oxyartes lamellatus in BMNH is here selected as the lectotype in order to
fix this species. The synonymies established by Dohrn (1910: 410) are confirmed. The holotype of O. spinosissimus Carl, 1913
in MHNG is merely a strongly armed specimen of O. lamellatus Kirby. Redtenbacher (1908: 475) described Oxyartes honestus
Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press · 19
CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
from Tonkin [= Northern Vietnam] based on the sex only and recorded a body length of 97.0 mm. The NHMW (No. 913) con-
tains one adult , a penultimate instar nymph and five , one of which is pinned next to a specimen of O. spinulosus Redten-
bacher, 1908 (No. 912). All clearly represent the same species, but as the were not mentioned by Redtenbacher these are
obviously not part of the type series. The adult is much longer than the 97.0 mm recorded by Redtenbacher and because this
length roughly matches with the penultimate instar nymph from Mount Mauson (Coll. No. 24.067), Brock (1998: 33)
regarded this as the holotype of O. honestus Redtenbacher. Comparison of these specimens with the types of O.
lamellatus Kirby in BMNH leave no doubt that they are the same species and Dohrn’s synoynmy to be correct.
Distribution: Guangxi [Chen & He, 2004a: 49, fig. 6 ( )].
Valid name: Oxyartes lamellatus Kirby
Pachyscia Redtenbacher, 1908
Type-species: Pachyscia plagiata Redtenbacher, 1908: 531, by subsequent designation of Zompro, 2004: 316.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
dilatatus Chen & He, 2004a: 49, figs. 5a–c ( ) [Asceles].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Longzhou, Mt. Daqingshan, 16.IX.1958, leg. Gu Dexiang (ICRI).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Pachyscia dilatata (Chen & He) n. comb.
quadriguttatus Chen & He, 1996d: 41, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Asceles].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Mengla, 620–900 m, 10.VI.1959, leg. Zhang Yiran (IZCAS).
Distribution: Yunnan, Guangdong & Hainan.
Valid name: Pachyscia quadriguttata (Chen & He) n. comb.
Paraentoria Chen & He, 1997
Type-species: Paraentoria sichuanensis Chen & He, 1997b: 114, figs. 1a–c ( ), by original designation.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae: Clitumnini]
bannaensis Chen & He, 1997e: 183, figs. 1& 2 ( ) [Prosentoria].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang 850 m, 4.IX.1957, leg. Zang Lingchao (IZCAS).
Comments: This species is definitely not a member of the exceptionally Bornean Prosentoria Brunner v. Watten-
wyl, 1907. It is more likely to belong in Paraentoria Chen & He, 1997 and since transferred here. As the HT could
not be examined for the present study this generic assignment requires confirmation.
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Paraentoria bannaensis (Chen & He) n. comb.
lushanensis Chen & He, 2000a: 17, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Paraentoria].
HT, : China, Jiangxi Province, Mt. Lushan, 16.VII.1936, leg. O. Piel (IZCAS); PT, : China, Jiangxi Province,
Mt. Lushan, 16.VII.1936, leg. O. Piel (IZCAS).
Distribution: Jiangxi.
Valid name: Paraentoria lushanensis Chen & He
sichuanensis Chen & He, 1997b: 114, figs. 1a–c ( ) [Paraentoria]. (Fig. 9)
HT, : China, Chongqing, Wanzhou, Wang’erbao, 1200 m, 29.IX.1994, leg. Chen Jun (IZCAS).
Distribution: Chongqing.
Valid name: Paraentoria sichuanensis Chen & He
Paragongylopus Chen & He, 1997
Type-species: Paragongylopus sinensis Chen & He, 1997a: 297, figs. 1–3 ( ), by original designation.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini]
sinensis Chen & He, 1997a: 297, figs. 1–3 ( ) [Paragongylopus].
HENNEMANN ET AL.
20 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Wuming County, Mt. Damingshan 23.V.1963, leg. Yang Chikun (CAU).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Paragongylopus sinensis Chen & He
Paramenexenus Redtenbacher, 1908
Type-species: Paramenexenus molestus Redtenbacher, 1908: 476, pl. 24: 2a–c ( , ), by subsequent
designation of Zompro, 2004: 317.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
congnatus Chen, He & Chen, 2000: 129, fig. 5 ( ) [Paramenexenus].
HT, : China, Guangdong Province, Lianxian County, Mt. Dadongshan, 7.IX.1992, leg. Liang Geqiu (ICRI).
Distribution: Guangdong & Guangxi.
Valid name: Paramenexenus congnatus Chen, He & Chen
yangi Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 105, fig. 5 ( ) [Paramenexenus].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Mt. Wuzhishan, 29.V.1997, leg. Yang Chikun & Cheng Guifang (BFU).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Paramenexenus yangi Chen & He
Parapachymorpha Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893
Type-species: Parapachymorpha nigra 1893: 96, pl. 4: 35a & b ( ), by subsequent designation of Kirby, 1904: 342.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini]
tetracantha Chen & He, 2001b: 9, fig. 2 ( ) [Parapachymorpha].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Jinghong, 454 m, 22.0°N, 100.8°E, 11.–25.V.1974, leg. Chou Io &
Yuan Feng (NWAU).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Parapachymorpha tetracantha Chen & He
Paraprosceles Chen & He, 2004
Type-species: Paraprosceles micropterus Chen & He, 2004a: 50, figs. 8a–c, by original designation.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
micropterus Chen & He, 2004a: 50, figs. 8a–c ( ) [Paraprosceles].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Shangsi County, Nanpingxiang 350 m, 9.VI.2000, leg. Li Wenzhu (IZCAS); PT,
: China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Longzhou County, Mt. Daqingshan 600 m, 16.IX.1958, leg. Chen Yixin (IZCAS).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Paraprosceles micropterus Chen & He
Parasinophasma Chen & He, 2006
Type-species: Micadina henanensis Bi & Wang, 1998a: 12, figs. 7 & 8 ( ), by original designation.
= Euphasma Chen & He, 2001: 118 (Type-species: Micadina henanensis Bi & Wang, 1998a: 12, figs. 7 & 8, by orig-
inal designation). [Preoccupied by Euphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 (Pseudophasmatidae)]
Comments: Parasinophasma Chen & He, 2006 was descriped as a replacement name for the preoccupied
Euphasma Chen & He, 2001.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
fanjingshanense Chen & He ( in: Chen, He & Xu), 2006: 98, fig. 8 ( ) [Parasinophasma].
HT, : China, Guizhou Province, Mt. Fangjingshan, 2002, leg. Xu Fangling (BFU); PT, 2 : China, Guizhou
Province, Mt. Fangjingshan, 2002, leg. Xu Fangling (BFU).
Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press · 21
CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
Distribution: Guizhou.
Valid name: Parasinophasma fanjingshanense Chen & He
henanense Bi & Wang, 1998a: 12, figs. 7 & 8 ( ) [Micadina henanensis].
HT, : China, Henan Province, Shangcheng County, Mt. Tongbaishan, leg. Zhang Xiujiang, 10.VII.1985 (SIES);
PT, : China, Henan Province, Dongzhai, Dongzai forest farm, 12.VII.1985 (SIES).
Distribution: Henan, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Sichuan & Guangxi.
Valid name: Parasinophasma henanense (Bi & Wang)
Parasipyloidea Redtenbacher, 1908
Type-species: Parasipyloidea aenea Redtenbacher, 1908: 480, pl. 24: 4a & b ( , ), by subsequent designation of Vick-
ery, 1982: 9.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
emeiensis Chen & He, 1994b: 121, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Parasipyloidea].
HT, : China, Sichuan, Mt. Emeishan, Hongchunping, leg. Yang Chikun, 21.VIII.1961 (CAU).
Comments: The was described by Chen & He (1996a: 664, figs. 1 & 2).
Distribution: Sichuan.
Valid name: Parasipyloidea emeiensis Chen & He
Parasosibia Redtenbacher, 1908
Type-species: Parasosibia ceylonica Redtenbacher, 1908: 481, pl. 24: 3, by subsequent designation of Vickery, 1983: 9.
= Dianphasma Chen & He, 1997c: 159. (Type-species: Dianphasma microptera Chen & He, 1997c: 159, figs. 1–3,
by original designation). n. syn.
Comments: Chen & He (1997c) distinguished Dianphasma from Parasosibia Redtenbacher, 1908 by the presence
of concave lateral excavations of the pronotum and granulose vertex as well as lacking tegmina but posessing small,
squamiform alae. The concave excavations of the pronotum are also present in Parasosibia ceylonica Redften-
bacher, 1908, the type-species of Parasosibia, and other members of the genus (e.g. P. pa rva Redtenbacher, 1908
and P. villosa Redtenbacher, 1908), as is a granulose or spinose vertex. Tegmina are also lacking in Parasosibia cey-
lonica Redftenbacher and the squamiform alae are a variable feature within the genus. Consequently, Dianphasma
Chen & He is here synonymised with Parasosibia Redtenbacher.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
microptera Chen & He, 1997c: 159, figs. 1–3 ( ) [Dianphasma].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Xiaozhongdian (27.5°N, 99.7°E) 3200 m, 2.VIII.1984, leg. Wang Ruiqi (IZCAS).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Parasosibia microptera (Chen & He) n. comb.
Parastheneboea Redtenbacher, 1908
Type-species: Parastheneboea insignis Redtenbacher, 1908: 474 [= Apora laetior Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907], by
monotypy.
= Apora Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 241. (Type-species: Apora laetior Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 242, by subse-
quent designation of Bragg, 1993: 34). [Preoccupied by Apora Gunnerus, 1768 (Echinodermata)]
= Echinoclonia Carl, 1913: 43. (Type-species: Echinoclonia borneensis Carl, 1913: 44, pl. 1: 4 & 5 (f#) [= Apora
laetior Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907], by monotypy). [Synonymised by Günther, 1932: 260]
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
foliculata Hennemann, Conle, Zhang & Liu, 2008: 43, figs. 1–6 ( ) [Parastheneboea]. (Fig. 10)
HT, : SW-China, Yunnan Province, Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Xiang, Village Maku, 1814 m, 30.VIII.2006,
leg. Liu Ye (IZCAS, in alcohol); PT, 1 egg: laid by HT (IZCAS, in alcohol); PT, 2 eggs (INCA); PT, 2 eggs: laid by
HT (coll. FH 0623-E); PT, 2 eggs: laid by HT (coll. LY).
Distribution: Yunnan.
HENNEMANN ET AL.
22 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
Valid name: Parastheneboea foliculata Hennemann, Conle, Zhang & Liu
simianshanensis Hennemann, Conle, Zhang & Liu, 2008: 46, figs. 7–9 ( ) [Parastheneboea].
HT, : China, Chongqing, Jiangjin District, Mt. Simianshan 935 m, 19.VIII.2006, leg. Zhang Weiwei (INCA).
Distribution: Chongqing.
Valid name: Parastheneboea simianshanensis Hennemann, Conle, Zhang & Liu
Planispectrum Rehn & Rehn, 1939
Type-species: Platymorpha cochinchinensis Redtenbacher, 1906: 46, pl. 1: 11 ( ), by original designation.
= Platymorpha Redtenbacher, 1906: 46 (Type-species: Platymorpha cochinchinensis Redtenbacher, 1906: 46, by
subsequent designation of Rehn & Rehn, 1939: 484). [Praeoccupied by Platymorpha Jacoby, 1888 (Coleoptera)]
= Platyphasma Uvarov, 1940: 116 (Type-species: Platymorpha cochinchinensis Redtenbacher, 1906: 46, by indica-
tion). [Junior objective synonym of Planispectrum Rehn & Rehn, 1939: 484]
[“Areolatae”: Bacilloidea: Heteropterygidae: Dataminae]
hongkongense Zompro, 2004: 235, fig. 135f ( ) [Planispectrum].
HT, , 1 egg (ex ovipositor): Hong Kong (New Territories), Tai Mo Shan Country Park, au sud de Tai Po, 180–380
m; 2.XII.1988, leg. B. Hauser; BRU-88/56 (MHNG).
Distribution: Hong Kong.
Valid name: Planispectrum hongkongense Zompro
Phraortes Stål, 1875
Type-species: Phasma elongata Thunberg 1815: 299, by monotypy.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Lonchodinae]
bicolor Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 259 [Lonchodes]. (Fig. 16)
ST, , : Formosa, Regenzeit, Fruhstorfer, Collectio Br. v. W., det. Br. v. W. L. bicolor; ST, 2 , , (nymph):
Formosa, Takao, Sauter, Mus. Caes. Vindob.,det. Br. v. W. L. bicolor; ST, : Museum Paris, Kiang-Si, A. David
1869, Coll. Br. v. W., det. Br. v. W. L. bicolor Br. (NHMW, No. 484).
Distribution: Jiangxi & Guizhou.
Valid name: Phraortes bicolor (Brunner v. Wattenwyl)
biconiferus Bi, 1993: 38, figs. 8–11 ( ) [Paramyronides].
HT, : China, Fujian Province, Jiangle County, Longqi Mountain, 3.VIII.1991, leg. Wang Xingjian (IZCAS).
Distribution: Fujian.
Valid name: Phraortes biconiferus (Bi) n. comb.
bilineatus Chen & He, 1991a: 20, figs. 5 & 6 ( , ) [Phraortes bileneatus].
HT, : China, Anhui Province, Mt. Huangshan, 22.VIII.1989, leg. Wang Changlu (BFU); AT, : China, Anhui
Province, Mt. Huangshan, 22.VIII.1989, leg. Wang Changlu (BFU); PT, : China, Anhui Province, Mt. Huangshan,
22.VIII.1989, leg. Wang Changlu (BFU).
Comments: The specific name of this species was originally misspelled or incorrectly printed „bileneatus“, and is
here corrected to „bilineatus“.
Distribution: Anhui, Zhejiang & Hunan.
Valid name: Phraortes bilineatus Chen & He
brevipes Chen & He, 1992b: 43, fig. 121 [Phraortes].
HT, : China, Hunan Province, leg. Hunan Forest Research Institute (BFU).
Distribution: Hunan.
Valid name: Phraortes brevipes Chen & He
chinensis Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 259 [Lonchodes]. (Fig. 15)
ST, : Museum Paris, Kiang-Si, A.David 1869; Coll. Br. v. W.; det. Br. v. W., L. chiniensis Br.; 23.340 (NHMW, No.
485); ST, : Museum Paris, Kiang-Si, A.David 1869; Coll. Br. v. W.; det. Br. v. W., L. chiniensis Br.; 23.354
Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press · 23
CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
(NHMW, No. 485); ST, : Tamsui, F. Hirte 92; Collectio Br. v. W.; det. Br. v. W. L. chiniensis Br. (NHMW, No.
485); ST, 3 : Museum, Paris, Kiang-Si, A. David 1869, det. Br. v. W. L. chiniensis Br., Type (MNHN).
Distribution: Jiangxi.
Valid name: Phraortes chinensis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl) n. comb.
confucius Westwood, 1859: 46, pl. 7 : 2 ( ) & 3 ( ) [Lonchodes].
ST, : Syntype; Lonchodes confucius Westw. N. China (BMNH); ST, : Syntype; China; Lonchodes confucius
Westwood (BMNH).
Comments: The egg was described and illustrated by Chen & Xu (in: Xu, 2006: 42 & 62 fig.27).
Distribution: “China” [Westwood, 1859: 46], Fujian [Cai & Chen, 1999: 64], Henan [Wang, 1998b: 210 & 2002:
15] & Shandong [Li, 1993: 21].
Valid name: Phraortes confucius (Westwood) n. comb.
corniformis Chen & He, 1993c: 41, figs. 15 & 16 ( ) [Phraortes].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Xing’an County, Mt. Mao’ershan 700–900 m, 25.VIII.1992, leg. Chen Shuchun
(BFU).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Phraortes corniformis Chen & He
curvicaudatus Bi, 1993: 37, figs. 5–7 ( ) [Phraortes].
HT, : China, Fujian Province, Jiangle County, Longqi Mountain 650–700m, 26.VI.1991, leg. Yang Longlong
(IZCAS); PT, : China, Fujian Province, Jiangle County, Longqi Mountain, 14.VII.1987, leg. Li Yougong (IZCAS).
Comments: The egg was described and illustrated by Chen & Xu (in: Xu, 2006: 42 & 62 fig.28).
Distribution: Fujian.
Valid name: Phraortes curvicaudatus Bi
formosanus Shiraki, 1935: 62, pl. 7: 6–11 ( , ) [Phraortes].
ST, (), () [exact number not known]: Taiwan, Taihoku, VI [June] (NTUC); ST, (), () [exact number not
known]: Taiwan, Sozan, VII [Juli] (NTUC); ST, (), () [exact number not known]: Taiwan, Urai, VII [Juli]
(NTUC); ST, (), () [exact number not known]: Taiwan, Taipin, IX [September] (NTUC); ST, (), ( )
[exact number not known]: Taiwan, Shinchiku, VII [Juli] (NTUC); ST, (), () [exact number not known]: Tai-
wan, Rimogan, VII [Juli] (NTUC); ST, (), () [exact number not known]: Taiwan, Kayahara, IX [September]
(NTUC); ST, (), () [exact number not known]: Taiwan, Arisan, X [October] (NTUC); ST, (), () [exact
number not known]: Taiwan, Kanshirei, VII [Juli] (NTUC).
Comments: Recorded from Hong Kong by Bi, Zhang & Lau (2001: 254).
Distribution: Hong Kong & Guizhou.
Valid name: Phraortes formosanus Shiraki
glabrus Günther, 1940: 246 [Phasgania].
HT, : Peking Exp. Stötzner (SMTD).
Distribution: Beijing.
Valid name: Phraortes glabrus (Günther) n. comb.
granulatus Chen & He, 1991a: 19, figs. 3 & 4 ( ) [Phraortes].
HT, : China, Jiangxi Province, Dagangshan forest farm, 9.IV.1989, leg. Wang Changlu (BFU).
Distribution: Jiangxi & Hunan.
Valid name: Phraortes granulatus Chen & He
illepidus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 258 ( ) [Lonchodes].
HT, : Nagasaki, Petersen 86; Mus. Caes. Vindobon; Mus. Caes. Lonchodes illepidus (NHMW, No. 486).
Distribution: Henan [Xu, 2006: 18].
Valid name: Phraortes illepidus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl)
leishanensis Bi (in: Bi, Chen & He), 1992: 66, figs. 1: 1–3 ( ) [Paramyronides].
HT, : China, Guizhou, Leishan, 5.VIII.1988, leg. Liu Zuyao (SIES).
Distribution: Guizhou
Valid name: Phraortes leishanensis (Bi) n. comb.
HENNEMANN ET AL.
24 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
liaoningensis Chen & He, 1991a : 21, figs. 7–9 ( , ) [Phraortes].
HT, : China, Liaoning Province, VIII.1988, leg. Yang Liming (BFU); AT, : China, Liaoning Province, VIII.1988,
leg. Yang Liming (BFU); PT, 2 : China, Liaoning Province, VIII.1988, leg. Yang Liming (BFU).
= Staelonchodes borealis Cai (in: Li), 1993: 21. HT, : ?. The author did not formally designate any type-speci-
mens. [Synonymised by Chen & Xu, 2006: 27]
Comments: This species appears very close to and may perhaps represent a synonym of Phraortes glabra
(Günther). The egg was described and illustrated by Chen & Xu (in: Xu, 2006: 41 & 62, fig. 20).
Distribution: Liaoning, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang & Jiangxi.
Valid name: Phraortes liaoningensis Chen & He
longshengensis Chen & He, 1989a: 340, figs. 1–3 ( ) [Phraortes].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Longsheng county, Huaping (25°47’N, 110°02’E), 9.VIII.1986, leg. Chen Shu-
chun & Luo Youqing (BFU).
Distribution: Guangxi & Guizhou.
Valid name: Phraortes longshengensis Chen & He
moganshanensis Chen & He, 1991a: 18, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Phraortes].
HT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Moganshan, 26.VIII.1989, leg. Wang Changlu (BFU).
Comments: The egg was described and illustrated by Chen & Xu (in: Xu, 2006: 42 & 62 fig. 23).
Distribution: Zhejiang.
Valid name: Phraortes moganshanensis Chen & He
nigricarinatus Chen & He, 1995g: 66, figs. 8 & 9 ( ) [Phraortes].
HT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Baishanzu 800 m, 19.VII.1994, leg. Lin Xiaohui (BFU).
Distribution: Zhejiang.
Valid name: Phraortes nigricarinatus Chen & He
similis Chen & He, 1994c: 105, figs. 3 & 4 ( )[Phraortes].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Longzhou County, Nonggang Natural Reserve, 26.V.1980, leg. The Institute of
Biology, Science Academy of Guangxi (BFU).
Comments: The egg was described and illustrated by Chen & Xu (in: Xu, 2006: 41& 62, fig. 21).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Phraortes similis Chen & He
speciosus Chen & He, 1992b: 43, fig. 120 ( ) [Phraortes].
HT, : China, Hunan Province, Chenzhou, 1981, leg. Hunan Forest Research Institute (BFU).
Distribution: Hunan.
Valid name: Phraortes speciosus Chen & He
stomphax Westwood, 1859: 38, pl. 4: 8a–c ( ) [Lonchodes].
HT, : Type; Hong Kong; Lonchodes stomphax Westw. Hong Kong (BMNH).
= cornutus Kirby, 1896: 459 [Dixippus]. HT, : Type; Hong Kong; Dixippus cornutus; Lonchodes cornutus Kirby
(BMNH). [Synonymised by Brock & Seow-Choen, 2000: 119]
Distribution: Hong Kong.
Valid name: Phraortes stomphax (Westwood)
Phryganistria Stål, 1875
Type-species: Bacteria sarmentosa Westwood, 1848: 65, pl. 32: 1 ( ), by monotypy.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae: Pharnaciini]
fruhstorferi Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 184 [Phobaeticus].
LT, : Mt. Cariani, D.Tornatore 1898, Phobaeticus fruhstorferi Br., Type, Birma (MCSN). [Not PLT, 3 , 1
(penultimate instar) from Tonkin (= N-Vietnam) in NHMW these all represent Phryganistria grandis Rehn, 1906]
Comments: Removed from Phobaeticus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 by Hennemann & Conle (in press).
Distribution: Guangxi [Chen, 1993: 87].
Valid name: Phryganistria fruhstorferi (Brunner v. Wattenwyl)
Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press · 25
CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
Phyllium Illiger, 1798
Subgenus Phyllium (Phyllium) Illiger, 1798
Type-species: Gryllus (Mantis) siccifolius Linnaeus, 1758: 425, by monotypy.
= Pteropus Thunberg, 1815: 219 (Type-species: Gryllus (Mantis) siccifolius Linnaeus, 1758: 425)
[Praeoccupied by Pteropus Brisson, 1762 (Mammalia), and Erxleben, 1777 (Mammalia) – synonymised by Audi-
net-Serville, 1831: 63].
[“Areolatae”: Phyllioidea: Phylliidae: Phylliinae: Phylliini]
drunganum Yang, 1995: 18, figs. 1–3 ( ) [Phyllium (Phyllium)].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Drung-Nu Aut. County, Gongshan, IX.1993 (CAU).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Phyllium (Phyllium) drunganum Yang
parum Liu, 1993: 207, figs. 15 & 16 ( ) [Phyllium (Phyllium)].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Baisha, Daling (19.3°N, 109.6°E), VII.1972 (CAU); PT, 3 : China, Hainan
Province, Nada County (CAU); PT, 1 : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Mt. Daqingshan (CAU?).
Comments: This is possibly the of Ph. (Ph.) rarum Liu, 1993. Liu (1993) did not state the depository of the PT from Guangxi.
Distribution: Hainan & Guangxi.
Valid name: Phyllium (Phyllium) parum Liu
rarum Liu, 1993: 207, figs. 13 & 14 ( ) [Phyllium (Phyllium)].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Hexian County (24.4°N, 111.5°E), 16.X.1964 (IZCAS).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Phyllium (Phyllium) rarum Liu
westwoodi Wood-Mason, 1875a: 215, pl. 16 & 17 ( ) [Phyllium (Phyllium)].
ST, : South Andaman, Port Blair, leg. Captain Protheroe (NZSI – lost); ST, : Burmah [= Myanmar], Salween
County, 150 miles north of Moulmein, Pahpoon, leg. W. Davidson (NZSI – lost).
Comments: The was illustrated by Wood-Mason (1875b: 351, pl. 3: 3). The specimens recorded from China as Phyllium
celebicum deHaan, 1842” are obviously misidentified and most certainly represent Ph. (Ph.) westwoodi Wood-
Mason.
Distribution: Guangxi [Liu, 1993: 206], and as “Ph. celebicum de Haan” from Yunnan, Guizhou and Hainan. Valid
name: Phyllium (Phyllium) westwoodi Wood-Mason
yunnanense Liu, 1993: 210, figs. 17 & 18 ( ) [Phyllium (Phyllium)].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Mongla (21.4°N, 101.5°E), 25.IX.1979 (NKU).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Phyllium (Phyllium) yunnanense Liu
Phyllium Illiger, 1798
Subgenus Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) Griffini, 1898
Type-species: Phyllium pulchrifolium Audinet-Serville, 1838: 292, by subsequent designation of Griffini, 1898: 11.
[“Areolatae”: Phyllioidea: Phylliidae: Phylliini]
sinensis Liu, 1990: 227, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Phyllium(Pulchriphyllium)].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Mt. Jianfengling 780 m, 3.IX.1983 (ICRI).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) sinensis (Liu)
tibetense Liu, 1993: 203, figs. 3–5 ( ) [Phyllium (Phyllium)].
HT, : China, Xizang Aut. Reg., Motuo (28.2°N, 95.3°E), 6.VIII.1979, leg. Jin Gentao & Wujianshe (SIES).
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet).
Valid name: Phyllium (Pulchriphyllium) tibetense (Liu)
HENNEMANN ET AL.
26 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
Pseudocentema Chen, He & Li, 2002
Type-species: Pseudocentema bispinatum Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 107, figs. 8a & b ( ), by
original designation.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Lonchodinae]
bispinatum Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 107, figs. 8a & b ( ) [Pseudocentema].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Mt. Jianfengling, 29.VII.1983, leg. Hua Lizhong (BFU).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Pseudocentema bispinatum Chen & He
Pylaemenes Stål, 1875
Type-species: Phasma (Pachymorpha) coronatum deHaan, 1842: 137, pl. 14: 4 & 5 ( , ), by subsequent designation of
Kirby, 1904: 400.
= Datames Stål, 1875: 93. (Type-species: Phasma (Acanthoderus) oileus Westwood, 1859: 53, pl. 26: 4a & b (
nymph), by subsequent designation of Rehn, 1904: 89). [Synonymised by Hennemann, 1998: 125]
[“Areolatae”: Bacilloidea: Heteropterygidae: Dataminae]
guangxiensis Bi & Li, 1994: 254, figs. 1–4 ( ) [Datames].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Long’an County, Mt. Longhushan, 7.X.1991, leg. Li Tianshan (SIES).
= hongkongensis Brock & Seow-Choen, 2000: 143, fig. 11 ( ) [Pylaemenes]. HT, : Hong Kong, Peel Drive, Victo-
ria Peak, V.1995, leg. F. Seow-Choen (BMNH); PT, : Hong Kong, Peel Drive, Victoria Peak, X.1996, leg. F. Seow-
Choen (coll. FSC); PT, (nymph): Hong Kong, Peel Drive, Victoria Peak, V.1995, leg. F. Seow-Choen (coll. FSC).
[Synonymised by Zompro, 2004: 219]
= Datames sp. Bi, Zhang & Lau, 2001: 255.
Comments: The and egg were described and illustrated by Brock & Okada (2005).
Distribution: Guangxi, Hong Kong, Guangdong, Hainan & Fujian.
Valid name: Pylaemenes guangxiensis (Bi & Li)
Qiongphasma Chen, He & Li, 2002
Type-species: Qiongphasma jianfengense Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 106, figs.7a & b ( ), by original desig-
nation.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Lonchodinae]
jianfengense Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 106, figs. 7a & b ( ) [Qiongphasma].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Mt. Jianfengling, 19.V.1983, leg. Chen Huanqiang (BFU).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Qiongphasma jianfengense Chen & He
Ramulus Saussure, 1862
Type-species: Bacillus (Ramulus) humberti Saussure, 1862: 472, fig. 2, by monotypy.
= Clitumnus Stål, 1875: 9 & 66. (Type-species: Phasma (Lonchodes) nematodes de Haan, 1842: 132, pl. 11: 6, by
subsequent designation of Kirby, 1904: 327). [Synonymised with Baculum Saussure, 1861 by Kirby, 1904: 327]
= Paraclitumnus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893: 91. (Type-species: Paraclitumnus lineatus Brunner v. Wattenwyl,
1893: 91, pl. 4: 31a–c, by subsequent designation of Kirby, 1904: 330). [Synonymised by Hennemann, 2002: 68]
= Dagys Günther, 1935: 3. (Type-species: Dagys balia Günther, 1935: 3, pl. 1: 1, by original designation). [Syn-
onymised by Hennemann, 1998: 124]
= Dubreuilia Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 208. (Type-species: Paraclitumnus lineatus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893:
91, pl. 4: 31a–c, by indication). [Synonymised by Karny, 1923: 235]
Comments: Certainly some of the numerous species described since the 1980´s represent the opposite sexes of the
same species. Furthermore, some taxa may prove to belong in the genus Cuniculina Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907
(Type-species: Bacillus cuniculus Westwood, 1859), or Medauroidea Zompro, 1999 (Type-species: Clitumnus
Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press · 27
CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
extradentatus Brunner, 1907) respectively, once the eggs become known. The generic affiliation of most species is
impossible to confirm without examination of the type-specimens and knowledge of the characteristic eggs.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae: Clitumnini]
acutus Chen & He, 2004a: 47, figs. 2a–c ( ) [Baculum acutum].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Daxin County, Xialeizhen 680 m, 31.III.1998, leg. Wu Chunsheng (IZCAS); PT,
2 : China, Yunnan Province, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna 620–650m, 16.IX.1959, leg. Zhang Yiran (IZCAS);
PT, : China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, 8.VI.1959, leg. Li Zhenfu (IZCAS); PT, : China,
Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Menglun, 15.VI.1964, leg. Zhang Baolin (IZCAS).
Distribution: Guangxi & Yunnan.
Valid name: Ramulus acutus (Chen & He)
annuliventris Chen & He, 2004a: 48, figs. 3a–c ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Longzhou County, Sanlian 350 m, 13.VI.2000, leg. Chen Jun (IZCAS); PT, 3 :
China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Longzhou County, Sanlian 350 m, 13.VI.2000, leg. Chen Jun (IZCAS).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Ramulus annuliventris (Chen & He)
antennatus Chen & Li (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 111, figs. 14a & b ( ) [Baculum antennatum].
HT, : China, Hainan Province,Mt. Jianfengling, 30.VI.1997, leg. Li Wenzhu (IZCAS); PT, : China, Hainan Prov-
ince, Mt. Jianfengling, 21.V.1997, leg. Li Wenzhu (IZCAS); PT, : China, Hainan Province, Danzhou, 18.V.1997,
leg. Li Wenzhu (IZCAS).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Ramulus antennatus (Chen & Li)
apicalis Chen & He, 1994e: 196, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Anji County, 24.X.1984 (BFU); PT, 2 : China, Zhejiang Province, Yuhang
County, Mt. Nanshan 10.X.1988, leg. Xu Tiansen (BFU).
Comments: Transferred to Paraclitumnus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893 by Chen (2002: 12).
Distribution: Zhejiang.
Valid name: Ramulus apicalis (Chen & He)
arrogans Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 204 [Cuniculina].
ST, 2 : India, Kurseong, Bengale, 98, P. Décoly (MNHN, coll. Pantel)
Distribution: Hunan [Chen & He, 1992b: 47, fig. 133 ( )].
Valid name: Ramulus arrogans (Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907)
artemis Westwood, 1859: 10, pl. 26: 9 & 9a ( ) [Bacillus ?].
HT, : Assam, Jenkins; Type – Westwood, Bacillus Artemis Westw. mon pl. 26f9; Bacillus Artemis Westwood,
Mon. Phas. Pl. 26f9; Type Bacillus artemis Westw., Hope Dept. Oxford (OXUM, No. 541).
= patellifer Bates, 1865: 328 [Bacillus]. HT, : Darjeeling; E coll. (1830–73) W.W. Saunders, Purchased and pres.
´73 by Mrs. F.W. Hope; Bacillus patellifer Bates; Type – Bates, Bacillus patellifer Bates; Hope Dept. Oxford
(OXUM, No. 540) [Synonymised by Wood-Mason, 1873: 51]
= porrectus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 196 [Clitumnus]. LT (by present designation), : Kurseong, 98, P. Décoly,
Type [specimen with only the left fore leg missing and strongly developed leg armature] (MNHN, coll. Pantel);
PLT, : Kurseong, 98, P. Décoly, Type (MNHN, coll. Pantel). n. syn.
Comments: Examination of the types of Clitumnus porrectus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907 in MNHN leaves no
doubt they are conspecific with Ramulus artemis (Westwood, 1859), which is an apparently variable species. There-
fore, a lectotype is required in order to fix Brunner v. Wattenwyl’s taxon and confirm the new synonymy. A very
detailed and comprehensive study of the intraspecific variation, parthenogenesis and occurance of various gynandro-
morph specimens as well as descriptions and illustrations of both sexes were provided by Cappe de Baillon (1931).
The egg was described and figured by Cappe de Baillon, Favrell & Vichet (1928/1934) and Hausleithner (1986: 125,
fig. 2c).
Distribution: Hunan [Chen & He, 1992b: 48, fig. 136 ( ) as Ramulus porrectus Brunner v. Wattenwyl].
Valid name: Ramulus artemis (Westwood)
asaphus Chen & He, 1992b: 46, fig. 130a & b ( ) [Baculum asaphum].
HT, : China, Hunan Province, 5.VII.1989, leg. Hunan Forest Research Institute (BFU).
Distribution: Hunan.
HENNEMANN ET AL.
28 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
Valid name: Ramulus asaphus (Chen & He)
baishuijiangius Chen, 1992a: 72, figs. 1–3 ( ) [Macellina baishuijiangia].
HT, : China, Gansu Province, Baishuijiang, VII.1986, leg. He Baihong (BFU).
Comments: Transferred to Baculum Saussure by Chen & Wang (2005: 95).
Distribution: Gansu.
Valid name: Ramulus baishuijiangius (Chen)
bannaensis Chen, Shang & Pei, 2000: 99, figs. 3 & 4 ( ) [Paraclitumnus].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Mengzhe 1200 m, 29.VIII.1958, leg. Pu Fuji (SIES).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Ramulus bannaensis (Chen, Shang & Pei)
bifasciatus Chen & He, 1997b: 117, fig. 8 ( ) [Baculum bifasciatum].
HT, : China, Chongqing, Wushan County, Liziping 1850 m, 21.IX.1994 (IZCAS).
Distribution: Chongqing.
Valid name: Ramulus bifasciatus (Chen & He)
bomiense Chen & He, 1994a: 311, fig. 1 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Xizang Aut. Reg., Bomi County, 2300 m, 16.VII.1983, leg. Han Yinheng (IZCAS).
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet).
Valid name: Ramulus bomiense (Chen & He)
brachycerus Chen & He, 1995d: 221, figs. 4 & 5 ( ) [Baculum brachycercum].
HT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Tianmushan, 6.IX.1981, leg. Zhang Baolin (IZCAS).
Distribution: Zhejiang.
Valid name: Ramulus brachycercus (Chen & He)
brevicercatus Chen (in: Chen & Shang, 1999a), 1999: 10, figs. 3 & 4 ( ) [Baculum brevicercatum].
HT, : China, Henan Province, Xixia, Mt. Laojieling, 18.VII.1998, leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU).
Distribution: Henan.
Valid name: Ramulus brevicercatus (Chen)
brunneus Chen & He, 1993a: 357, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Baculum brunneum].
HT, : China, Shaanxi Province, Lueyang, 1.VIII.1986, leg. Yang Zhongqi (BFU).
Distribution: Shaanxi.
Valid name: Ramulus brunneus (Chen & He)
caii Brock & Seow-Choen, 2000: 139, figs. 9 ( ) & 10 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : Hong Kong, Peel Rise, Victoria Peak, XI.1995, leg. F. Seow-Choen (BMNH); PT, (), (): Hong Kong,
Peel Rise, Victoria Peak, XI.1995 & 10.VII.1996, leg. F. Seow-Choen (coll. FSC).
= Baculum granulatum, Bi, Zhang & Lau, 2001: 254 (not Shiraki, 1935: 27). [Misidentification]
Comments: The original description does not state the exact number of paratypes.
Distribution: Hong Kong & Guangxi.
Valid name: Ramulus caii Brock & Seow-Choen
chinensis Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 202 [Cuniculina].
ST, : China, Sztschwan [translated from Russian], 2.VIII.93; bituberculata Redt. (NHMW, No. 350); ST, : China,
Sztschwan [translated from Russian]; 27.VIII.93; bituberculata Redt. (NHMW, No. 350); ST, : China, Sztschwan
[translated from Russian], 2.VIII.93; Cuniculina chinensis Brunn. Redt. det. (ZMAS). [Not: ST, : Chiang Mai, 96,
Joannis (MNHN, coll. Pantel) Clitarchus magnus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907]
Comments: Although Brunner v. Wattenwyl (1907: 202) did not mention any specimens to be in NHMW, the two
contained in that collection are very likely to be part of the type-series (erroneously stated to be by former authors).
They were most certainly retained from or exchanged with ZMAS, which was already presumed by Brock (2007:
56) for several other species. This is supported by one of the NHMW specimens bearing exactly the same Russian data
label seen on the in ZMAS. The ST in MNHN is obviously a of Clitarchus magnus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907. The
original description erroneously stated “Provincia chinensis Kiangsi” for the MNHN specimen, although the data
label actually reads “Chiang Mai” (Brock & Delfosse, 2005: 51), a city in Northern Thailand. Part of the type-series
appears to have been lost, since Brunner v. Wattenwyl (1907: 203) stated that he had a good series of specimens at
hand for examination, which showed considerable variation in the armature of the head and four posterior femora.
Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press · 29
CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
Distribution: Sichuan, Guizhou & Jiangxi.
Valid name: Ramulus chinensis (Brunner v. Wattenwyl)
chongxinense Chen & He, 1991b: 229, figs. 1 & 2 [Baculum].
HT, : China, Gansu Province, Chongxin, Xinyao forest farm, 22.VIII.1988, leg. Xue Lianshe (BFU); PT, : China,
Gansu Province, Chongxin, Xinyao forest farm, 22.VIII.1988, leg. Xue Lianshe (BFU).
Comments: The egg was described and figured by Chen & Li (1999a: 54, figs. 3c & d).
Distribution: Gansu.
Valid name: Ramulus chongxinense (Chen & He)
ecarinatus Bi & Lian, 1991: 103, figs. 1–4 ( ) [Baculum ecarinatum].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Dongchuan, 1.IX.1990, leg. Niu Yao (SNU); PT, : China, Yunnan Province,
Dongchuan, 1.IX.1990, leg. Niu Yao (SIES).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Ramulus ecarinatus (Bi & Lian)
fasciatus Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Xu), 2006: 100, fig. 10 ( ) [Baculum fasciatum].
HT, : China, Guizhou Province, Mt. Fanjingshan, 2002, leg. Xu Fangling (BFU); PT, : China, Guizhou Province,
Mt. Fanjingshan, 2002, leg. Xu Fangling (BFU).
Distribution: Guizhou.
Valid name: Ramulus fasciatus (Chen & He)
femoratus Chen (in: Chen & Shang, 1999a),: 9, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Baculum femoratum].
HT, : China, Henan Province, Neixiang, Getiaopa, 13.VII.1998, leg. Wu Hong (BFU).
Distribution: Henan.
Valid name: Ramulus femoratus (Chen)
flavofasciatus Chen & He, 1993c: 36, figs. 3 & 4 ( ) [Baculum flavofasciatum].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Xing’an County, Mt. Mao’er 700–900 m, 25.VIII.1992, leg. Chen Shuchun
(BFU).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Ramulus flavofasciatus (Chen & He)
flavovittatus Chen & Li (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 108, figs. 10a & b ( ) [Baculum flavovittatum].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Wuzhishan Mountain, 30.V.1997, leg. Huang Fusheng (IZCAS).
Comments: The egg was described and figured by Chen & Li (1999a: 53, figs. 2g & h).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Ramulus flavovittatus (Chen & Li)
fuscothoracicus Liu & Cai, 1992: 59, figs. 1a–c ( ) [Baculum fusco-thoracicum].
HT, : China, Sichuan Province, Hengduan Mountains Region, Luding County, Xinxing, 2000 m, 25.VI.1983, leg.
Wang Shuyong (ICZAS).
Distribution: Sichuan.
Valid name: Ramulus fuscothoracicus (Liu & Cai)
gansuense Chen & Wang, 2005: 97, fig. 3 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Gansu Province, Wenxian County, VII.1996, leg. Wang Hongjian (BFU); PT, 2 : China, Gansu
Province, Wenxian County, VII.1996, leg. Wang Hongjian (ABNR).
Distribution: Gansu.
Valid name: Ramulus gansuense (Chen & Wang)
giganteus Chen & Li (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 109, figs. 11a & b ( ) [Baculum giganteum].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Wuzhi Mountain, 30.V.1997, leg. Huang Fusheng (IZCAS).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Ramulus giganteus (Chen & Li)
grandis Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Xu), 2006: 99, figs. 9: 1 & 9: 2 ( , ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Guizhou Province, Mt. Fanjingshan, 2002, leg. Xu Fangling (BFU); PT, : China, Guizhou Province,
Mt. Fanjingshan, 2002, leg. Xu Fangling (BFU).
HENNEMANN ET AL.
30 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
Distribution: Guizhou.
Valid name: Ramulus grandis (Chen & He)
granulosus Chen & He (in: Bi, Chen & He), 1992: 70, figs. 5: 1 & 5: 2 ( ) [Baculum granulosum].
HT, : China, Hubei Province, Lichuan 810 m, 23.VII.1989, leg. Wang Shuyong (IZCAS).
Distribution: Hubei.
Valid name: Ramulus granulosus (Chen & He)
hainanense Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 112, fig. 16 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Mt. Jianfengling, 24.VII.1983, leg. Hua Lizhong (BFU).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Ramulus hainanense (Chen & He)
henanensis Chen, 2002: 11, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Paraclitumnus].
HT, : China, Henan Province, Tongbai, Shuiliandong 300 m, 11.–15.IX.2000, leg. Shen Xiaocheng & Ren
Yingdang (BFU); PT, : China, Henan Province, Tongbai, Shuiliandong 300 m, 11.–15.IX.2000, leg. Shen
Xiaocheng & Ren Yingdang (BFU).
Distribution: Henan.
Valid name: Ramulus henanensis (Chen)
huayingense Chen & He, 1997d: 55, figs. 3 & 4 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Sichuan Province, Huaying County (30.2°N, 106.6°E), 800 m, 29.VII.1993, leg. Hu Guang-wei
(BFU).
Comments: The egg was described and figured by Chen & Li (1999a: 54, figs. 3e & f).
Distribution: Sichuan.
Valid name: Ramulus huayingense (Chen & He)
inermus Bi (in: Bi, Chen & He), 1992: 69, figs. 4: 1 & 4: 2 ( ) [Baculum inermum].
HT, : China, Chongqing, Qianjiang County, 17.VIII.1989, leg. Liu Zuyao (SIES); PT, : China, Chongqing, Qian-
jiang County, 17.VIII.1989, leg. Liu Zuyao (SIES), PT, : China, Guizhou, Leishan County, 7.VII.1988, leg. Liu
Zuyao (SIES).
Distribution: Chongqing & Guizhou.
Valid name: Ramulus inermus (Bi)
interdentatus Chen (in: Chen & Shang, 1999a), 1999: 10, figs. 5 & 6 ( ) [Baculum interdentatum].
HT, : China, Henan Province, Xixia, Mt. Laojieling 18.VII.1998, leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU); PT, : China, Henan
Province, Neixiang, Baotianman 15.VII.1998, leg. Li Houhun (BFU).
Distribution: Henan.
Valid name: Ramulus interdentatus (Chen)
intermedius Chen & Wang, 1993: 43, figs. 3 & 4 ( ) [Baculum intermedium].
HT, : China, Gansu Province, Wen County, 13.VIII.1992, leg. Wang Hongjian (BFU).
Distribution: Gansu.
Valid name: Ramulus intermedius (Chen & He)
intersulcatus Chen & He, 1991b: 230, figs. 3 & 4 [Baculum intersulcatum].
HT, : China, Shaanxi Province, 1986, leg. Northwest Forestry College (BFU); PT, 4 : China, Shaanxi Province,
Pingli County, VII.1985, leg. Zou Enhong (BFU)
Comments: The egg was described and figured by Chen & Li (1999a: 53, figs. 2k & l).
Distribution: Shaanxi, Gansu, Hunan, Guizhou, Hubei, Guangxi & Henan
Valid name: Ramulus intersulcatus (Chen & He)
irregulariterdentatus Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 202 [Cuniculina irregulariter-dentata].
HT, : Japan (MNHN – not traced).
Comments: The egg was described and illustrated by Yasumatsu (1942: 7). The selection of a neotype appears nec-
essary.
Distribution: Shaanxi [Cai, 1987: 28] & Henan [Bi & Wang, 1998b: 210; Wang, 2002: 15]
Valid name: Ramulus irregulariterdentatus (Brunner v. Wattenwyl)
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CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
jigongshanense Chen & Li, 1999b: 7, figs. 1–3( , ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Henan Province, Mt. Jigongshan, 12.VII.1997, leg. Chen. Shuchun (BFU); PT, 1 , 8 : China,
Henan Province, Mt. Jigongshan, 12.VII.1997, leg. Chen. Shuchun (BFU).
Comments: The egg was described and figured by Chen & Li (1999a: 54, figs. 3a & b).
Distribution: Henan & Zhejiang.
Valid name: Ramulus jigongshanense (Chen & Li)
jinnanense Chen, 1992b: 114, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Shanxi Province, Yuaxiang, VI.1960, leg. Zhu Hui-qian (BFU).
Distribution: Shanxi.
Valid name: Ramulus jinnanense (Chen)
lianxianense Chen, He & Chen, 2000: 128, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Guangdong Province, Lianxian, Mt. Dadongshan, 4.IX.1992, leg. Li Lijie (ICRI).
Distribution: Guangdong.
Valid name: Ramulus lianxianense Chen, He & Chen
kangxianense Chen & Wang, 2005: 96, figs. 2a & b ( , ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Gansu Province, Kangxian County, Qinghe forest farm 1450–1650 m, 15.VII.1998, leg. Yao Jian
(IZCAS); PT, 1 , 3 : China, Gansu Province, Kangxian County, Qinghe forest farm 1450–1650 m, 15.VII.1998,
leg. Yao Jian (IZCAS).
Distribution: Gansu.
Valid name: Ramulus kangxianense (Chen & Wang)
liboensis Chen & Ran, 2002: 126, figs. 8: 1 & 8: 2 [Baculum].
HT, : China, Guizhou Province, Libo County, Maolan, 1999, leg. Ran Chengjing (BFU).
Distribution: Guizhou.
Valid name: Ramulus liboensis (Chen & Ran)
lineatus Liu & Cai, 1992: 60, figs. 2a & b (?) [Baculum lineatum].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Dali, Hengduan Mountains Region, Diancangshan Mountain 2600 m, 29.VI.1981,
leg. Wang Shuyong (IZCAS).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Ramulus lineatus (Liu & Cai)
luopingense Chen & Yin, 1995:10, figs. 1–2 (?) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Luoping County 1800m–2300m, VIII.1993, leg. Ruan Xiaogui (BFU).
Distribution: Gansu.
Valid name: Ramulus luopingense (Chen & Yin)
maoershanense Chen & He, 1993c: 34, figs. 1 & 2 (?) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Xing’an County, Mt. Mao’ershan 800–1000 m, 25.VIII.1992, leg. Chen Shuchun
(BFU).
Comments: The egg was described and figured by Chen & Li (1999a: 53, figs. 2i & j).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Ramulus maorshanense (Chen & He)
maolanense Chen & Ran, 2002: 127, figs. 9: 1 & 9: 2 [Baculum].
HT, : China, Guizhou Province, Libo County, Maolan, 1999, leg. Ran Chengjing (BFU).
Distribution: Guizhou.
Valid name: Ramulus maolanense (Chen & Ran)
minutidentatus Chen & He, 1994e: 197, figs. 3 & 4 ( ) [Baculum minutidentatum].
HT, : China, Liaoning Province, Huanren County, 11.IX.1983, leg. Song Youwen (BFU); PT, :
China, Liaoning Province, Huanren County, 11.IX.1983, leg. Song Youwen (BFU)
Comments: The egg was described and figured by Chen & Li (1999a: 54, figs. 3e & f).
Distribution: Liaoning & Jilin.
Valid name: Ramulus minutidentatus (Chen & He)
HENNEMANN ET AL.
32 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
nigrifactus Chen & Li (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 110, figs. 13a & b ( ) [Baculum nigrifactum].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Qiongzhong, 200 m, 9.VII.1960, leg. Zhang Xuezhong (IZCAS).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Ramulus nigrifactus (Chen & Li)
nigrodentatus Chen & Yin, 1996: 59, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Baculum nigrodentatum].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Nujiangzhou, III.1993, leg. Yang Jinhua (BFU); PT, 3 : China, Yunnan Prov-
ince, Nujiangzhou, III.1993, leg. Yang Jinhua (BFU).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Ramulus nigrodentatus (Chen & Yin)
nigrolineatus Chen & He, 1997b: 118, fig. 9 ( ) [Baculum nigrolineatum].
HT, : China, Chongqing, Wanzhou, Wang’erbao 1200 m, 10.VII.1993 (IZCAS).
Distribution: Chongqing.
Valid name: Ramulus nigrolineatus (Chen & He)
nyalamense Chen, Shang & Pei, 2000: 98, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Xizang Aut. Reg., Nyalam 2300 m, 23.VI.1966, leg. Wang Shuyong (IZCAS).
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet).
Valid name: Ramulus nyalamense (Chen, Shang & Pei)
obliquus Chen & He, 1995b: 458, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Baculum obliquum].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Longsheng, 9.VIII.1986, leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU); PT, : China, Guangxi Aut.
Reg., Longsheng, 9.VIII.1986, leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU).
Comments: The egg was described and figured by Chen & Li (1999a: 53, figs. 2e & f).
Distribution: Guangxi & Guizhou.
Valid name: Ramulus obliquus (Chen & He)
paulus Chen & He, 1994f: 311, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Baculum paulum].
HT, : China, Sichuan Province, Leshan, VIII.1991, leg. Li Chang’an (BFU).
Distribution: Sichuan.
Valid name: Ramulus paulus (Chen & He)
perfidus Giglio-Tos, 1914: 419 [Cuniculina perfida].
LT, : India, Rotung, Abor, from NZSI, Calcutta [in alcohol] (MIZT); PLT, : India, Rotung (NZSI).
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet) [Cai, 1987: 27].
Valid name: Ramulus perfidus (Giglio-Tos)
pingliense Chen & He, 1991b: 231, figs. 5 & 6 [Baculum].
HT, : China, Shaanxi Province, Pingli County, VII.1985, leg. Zou Hong’en (BFU); PT, 4 : China, Shaanxi Prov-
ince, Pingli County, VII.1985, leg. Zou Hong’en (BFU).
Comments: The was described by Chen (1993: 88, fig. 4). The egg was described and figured by Chen & Li (1999a: 54, figs.
3g & h).
Distribution: Shaanxi, Gansu, Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Guizhou & Hubei.
Valid name: Ramulus pingliense (Chen & He)
robinius Cai (in: Li), 1993: 2, fig. 4-1-1 ( ) [Paraclitumnus].
HT, : ?. The auther did not formally designate any type specimens.
Distribution: Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui & Zhejiang.
Valid name: Ramulus robinius (Cai)
rotundus Chen & He, 1992b: 46, fig. 132a & b ( ) [Baculum rotundum].
HT, : China, Hunan Province, 23.X.1989, leg. Hunan Forest Research Institute (BFU); PT, : China, Hunan Prov-
ince, 23.X.1989, leg. Hunan Forest Research Institute (BFU).
Distribution: Hunan, Guizhou, Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan & Guangdong.
Valid name: Ramulus rotundus (Chen & He)
rotunginus Giglio-Tos, 1914: 418 [Cuniculina rotungina].
HT, : India, Rotung, Abor, from NZSI, Calcutta [in alcohol – valde defectum] (MIZT).
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CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet) [Cai, 1987: 27].
Valid name: Ramulus rotunginus (Giglio-Tos)
shenzhenense Chen & Chen, 2000b: 129, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Guangdong Province, Shenzen, Mt. Wutongshan, 23.–26.VII.1998, leg. Chen Zhengyao (ICRI); PT,
: China, Guangdong Province, Shenzen, Mt. Wutongshan, 23.–26.VII.1998, leg. Chen Zhengyao (ICRI); PT, :
China, Guangdong Province, Neilingding Island, 20.VII.1987 (IEZU).
Distribution: Guangdong & Guangxi.
Valid name: Ramulus shenzhenense Chen & Chen
sparsidentatus Chen & He, 1992b: 46, fig. 131a & b ( ) [Baculum sparsidentatum].
HT, : China, Hunan Province, Chengbu County, leg. Hunan Forest Research Institute (BFU).
Distribution: Hunan, Zhejiang & Guizhou.
Valid name: Ramulus sparsidentatus (Chen & He)
sparsihirtus Chen & He (in: Bi, Chen & He), 1992: 70, figs. 6: 1 & 6: 2 ( ) [Baculum sparsihirtum].
HT, : China, Chongqing, Wulong County 400–500 m, 13.VI.1989, leg. Ma Wenzhen (BFU).
Distribution: Chongqing.
Valid name: Ramulus sparsihirtus (Chen & He)
spatulatus Bi (in: Bi, Chen & He), 1992: 68, figs. 3: 1 & 3: 2 ( ) [Baculum spatulatum].
HT, : China, Guizhou Province, Jiangkou County, Mt. Fanjingshan, 22.IX.1988, leg. Liu Xianwei (SIES); PT, :
China, Guizhou Province, Jiangkou County, Mt. Fanjingshan, 22.IX.1988, leg. Liu Xianwei (SIES); PT, : China,
Hunan Province, Cili County, 4–5. IX.1988, leg.Liu Xianwei (SIES)
Distribution: Guizhou & Hunan
Valid name: Ramulus spatulatus (Bi)
spinicornus Chen & He, 2000b: 396, fig. 3 ( ) [Baculum spinicornum].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Longzhou County, Longgang 240 m, 19.V.1982, leg. Li Fasheng (CAU).
Distribution: Guangxi & Guizhou.
Valid name: Ramulus spinicornus (Chen & He)
spinulosus Chen & Wang, 2005: 99, fig. 5 ( ) [Baculum spinulosum].
HT, : China, Gansu Province, Wenxian County, 13.VIII.1989, leg. Wang Hongjian (ABNR); PT, : China, Gansu
Province, Wenxian County, 13.VIII.1989, leg. Wang Hongjian (BFU).
Comments: The type-depositories were mixed up in the English summary.
Distribution: Gansu.
Valid name: Ramulus spinulosus (Chen & Wang)
tianmushanense Chen & He, 1995d: 220, figs. 1–3 ( , ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Tainmushan, 26.–31.VIII.1947, leg. Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica
(IZCAS); AT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Tainmushan, 26.–31.VIII.1947, leg. Institute of Zoology, Academia
Sinica (IZCAS); PT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Tainmushan, 26.–31.VIII.1947, leg. Institute of Zoology,
Academia Sinica (IZCAS).
Distribution: Zhejiang.
Valid name: Ramulus tainmushanense (Chen & He)
taintaiensis Zhou, 1997: 6, figs. 1–4 ( & egg) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Taintaishan, Huading 1080 m, 20.VII.1996 (ZMNH).
Distribution: Zhejiang.
Valid name: Ramulus taintaiensis (Zhou)
versicolorus Chen & Wang, 1993: 41, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Baculum versicolorum].
HT, : China, Gansu Province, Wen County, 13.VIII.1992, leg. Wang Hongjian (BFU).
Comments: The egg was described and figured by Chen & Li (1999a: 54, figs. 3i & j).
Distribution: Gansu.
Valid name: Ramulus versicolorus (Chen & He)
HENNEMANN ET AL.
34 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
viridulus Chen & Li (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 112, fig. 15 ( ) [Baculum viridulum].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Danzhou City, 9.VII.1974, leg. Yang Chikun (BFU).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Ramulus viridulus (Chen & Li)
vicinus Chen & Li, 1999b: 8, figs. 4 & 5 ( ) [Baculum vicinum].
HT, : China, Henan Province, Mt. Jigongshan, 12.VII.1997, leg. Chen. Shuchun (BFU).
Distribution: Henan.
Valid name: Ramulus vicinus (Chen & Li)
wenxianense Chen & Wang, 2005: 98, figs. 4a–c ( , ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Gansu Province, Wenxian County, 19.VII.1997, leg. Wang Hongjian (ABNR); PT, : China, Gansu
Province, Wenxian County, 19.VII.1997, leg. Wang Hongjian (BFU).
Distribution: Gansu.
Valid name: Ramulus wenxianense (Chen & Wang)
wushanense Chen & He, 1997b: 116, fig. 5 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Chongqing, Wushan County, Liziping 1870 m, 5.VII.1993 (IZCAS).
Distribution: Chongqing, Shaanxi, Gansu & Henan.
Valid name: Ramulus wushanense (Chen & He)
wuyishanense Chen (in: Cai & Chen), 1999: 72, fig. 7–13 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Fujian Province, Mt. Wuyishan 840 m, 13.VII.1963, leg. Zhang Youwei (IZCAS).
Distribution: Fujian.
Valid name: Ramulus wuyishanense (Chen)
wuzhishanense Chen & Li (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 110, figs. 12a & b ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Wuzhishan Mountain, 30.V.1997, leg. Li Wenzhu (IZCAS).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Ramulus wuzhishanense (Chen & Li)
xinganense Chen & He, 1999: 85, fig. 1 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Xing’an County, 10.VII.1985 (IZCAS).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Ramulus xinganense (Chen & He)
xingshanense Chen & He, 1997b: 117, fig. 6 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Hubei Province, Xingshan County, Longmenhe 1300 m, 8.IX.1994, leg. Chen Jun (IZCAS).
Distribution: Hubei.
Valid name: Ramulus xingshanense (Chen & He)
xixiaense Chen (in: Chen & Shang, 1999a), 1999: 11, figs. 7 & 8 ( ) [Baculum].
HT, : China, Henan Province, Xixia County, Huashupan 17.–19.VII.1998, leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU); PT, :
China, Henan Province, Xixia County, Huashupan 17.–19.VII.1998, leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU).
Distribution: Henan & Shaanxi.
Valid name: Ramulus xixiaense (Chen)
The following two rather small species described from the high mountain ranges of Yunnan are of doubtful generic iden-
tity. They differ from all other members of Ramulus Saussure by the conspicuously elongated anal segment which has the
posterolateral angles considerably elevated and lanceolate. They might represent a distinct generic or subgeneric unit but
this needs confirmation by careful examination of the type-specimens and knowledge of the so far unknown and
eggs.
lanceus Liu & Cai, 1992: 62, fig. 3c ( ) [Ramulus].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Weixi County, Pantiange 2020 m, 17.VII.1981, leg. Liao Subai (IZCAS).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Ramulus (?) lanceus (Liu & Cai)
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CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
scalpratus Liu & Cai, 1992: 63, figs. 3d & e ( ) [Ramulus].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Lushui County, Pianma 2300 m, 26.V.1981, leg. Wang Shuyong (IZCAS).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Ramulus (?) scalpratus (Liu & Cai)
Rhamphophasma Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893
Type-species: Rhamphophasma modestum Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893: 93, pl. 4: 32a–c ( , ), by monotypy.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae: Clitumnini]
dianicum Chen & He, 1994c: 104, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Rhamphophasma].
HT, : China, Yunnan Province, Dali (25°6’N, 100°1’E), 6.XI.1986, leg. Xiao Gangrou & Wu Jian (BFU).
Distribution: Yunnan.
Valid name: Rhamphophasma dianicum Chen & He
modestum Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893: 93, pl. 4: 32a–d ( , —in part) [Rhamphophasma]. (Fig. 14)
LT (by present designation), : Carin, Aschui-Chebà, 1400–1300 m, L. Fea 88; Typus; Rhamphophasma modestum
Brunner; Syntypus Rhamphophasma modestum Brunner, 1893 (MCSN). [Not: PLT, : Carin Chebà, 900–1100
m, L. Fea V.XI.88; Typus; Rhamphophasma modestum Brunner type; Syntypus Rhamphophasma modestum
Brunner, 1893 (MCSN) Parapachymorpha nigra Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893].
Comments: The PLT in MCSN (pl. 4: 32a & b) is the of the type-species of Parapachymorpha Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907,
P. nigra Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893. As Brunner v. Wattenwyl (1893 & 1893) characterized Rhamphophasma by having a con-
spicuously elongated, lanceolate anal segment and elongated subgenital plate, the (Fig. 14) is here selected as the LT of R.
modestum.
Distribution: Chongqing [Chen & He, 1997b: 114, figs. 2a & b], Guizhou [Chen, He & Xu, 2006: 99] & Hunan
[Chen & He, 1992b: 48, fig. 137].
Valid name: Rhamphophasma modestum Brunner v. Wattenwyl
Sceptrophasma Brock & Seow-Choen, 2000
Type-species: Bacillus hispidulus Wood-Mason, 1873: 47, pl. 7: 2 & 7: 3, by original designation.
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Pachymorphinae: Gratidiini]
bituberculatum Redtenbacher, 1889: 26 [Gratidia bituberculata].
ST, : Coll. Br. v. W., ex coll. Christoph, Krasnowodsk, Turkmenian; 14.629 (NHMW, No. 399); ST, : Coll. Br. v.
W., ex coll. Christoph, Krasnowodsk, Turkmenian (NHMW, No. 399).
= aliena Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1907: 222 [Gratidia]. ST, : Dzhungaria, river Ili, West Kuldzha, V. 1878 (A.
Regel) (ZMAS). [Synonymised by Mishchenko, 1937: 119]
Comments: The from Krasnowodsk, Askhabad recorded by Brunner v. Wattenwyl (1907: 223) in NHMW is not traced. This
may have been exchanged with ZMAS being represented by a single from the same locality in that collection (Brock, 2007:
48). Recorded from China, Xinjiang (Junggar Basin) by Cai (1987: 27).
Distribution: Xinjiang.
Valid name: Sceptrophasma bituberculatum (Redtenbacher) n. comb.
xinganensis Chen & He, 1993c: 36, figs. 5–8 ( , ) [Leptynia].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Xing’an County, Mt. Mao’ershan 1700–2000 m, 25.VIII.1992, leg. Chen Shu-
chun (BFU); AT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Xing’an County, Mt. Mao’ershan 1700–2000 m, 25.VIII.1992, leg.
Chen Shuchun (BFU); PT, 4 , 2 : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Xing’an County, Mt. Mao’ershan 1700–2000 m,
25.VIII.1992, leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Sceptrophasma xinganensis (Chen & He) n. comb.
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Sinophasma Günther, 1940
Type-species: Sinophasma klapperichi Günther, 1940: 240, figs. B, K, F & N ( , ), by original designation.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
angulatum Liu, 1987: 2, figs. 3 & 4 ( ) [Sinophasma angulata].
HT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Xitianmushan, Xianrending, 15.VII.1965, leg. Liu Shengli (TMNH); PT, :
China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Xitianmushan, Xianrending, 15.VII.1965, leg. Liu Shengli (TMNH); PT, : China,
Jiangxi Province, Mt. Lushan, 3.IX.1965, leg. Liu Shengli (TMNH).
Distribution: Zhejiang, Jiangxi & Guangdong
Valid name: Sinophasma angulatum Liu
atratum Chen & He, 2000a: 18, figs. 3 & 4 ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Napo County, Defu 1300 m, 15.VIII.1998, leg. Huang Fusheng (IZCAS).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Sinophasma atratum Chen & He
biacuminatum Chen & He (in Chen, He & Xu), 2006: 96, figs. 5: 1 & 5: 2 ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Guizhou Province, Mt. Fanjingshan, 2002, leg. Xu Fangling (BFU); PT, : China, Guizhou Province,
Mt. Fanjingshan, 2002, leg. Xu Fangling (BFU).
Distribution: Guizhou.
Valid name: Sinophasma biacuminatum Chen & He
brevipenne Günther, 1940: 244, figs. E, L & G ( , ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : Kiu-Kiang, Mt. Kuling, China, Lindström; Type (NHRS); AT, : Kiu-Kiang, Mt. Kuling, China, Lindström;
Type (NHRS); PT, : Kiu-Kiang, Mt. Kuling, China, Lindström; Type (SMTD).
Distribution: Jiangxi [type-locality], Hunan [Chen & He, 1992b: 45, fig. 129], Zhejiang, Hubei, Guizhou &
Guangxi.
Valid name: Sinophasma brevipenne Günther
conicum Chen & He, 1995e: 328, fig. 1 ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Mt. Jianfengling, 14.XII.1974, leg. Li Fasheng (BFU); PT, : China, Hainan Prov-
ince, Mt. Jianfengling, 14.XII.1974, leg. Li Fasheng (CAU).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Sinophasma conicum Chen & He
crassum Chen & He, 1995g: 65, fig. 6 ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Baishanzu, Wulingkeng 900 m, 14.VII.1993, leg. Wu Hong (BFU).
Distribution: Zhejiang.
Valid name: Sinophasma crassum Chen & He
curvatum Chen & He, 1994d: 124, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Sinophasma]. (Fig. 6)
HT, : China, Chongqing, Jiangjin, 27.VII.1991, leg. Cheng Jingqiu (BFU).
Distribution: Chongqing.
Valid name: Sinophasma curvatum Chen & He
furcatum Chen & He, 1993c: 38, figs. 9 & 10 ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Xing’an County, Mt. Mao’ershan 700–1000 m, 25.VIII.1992, leg. Chen Shuchun
(BFU); AT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Xing’an County, Mt. Mao’ershan 700–1000 m, 25.VIII.1992, leg. Chen
Shuchun (BFU); PT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Xing’an County, Mt. Mao’ershan 700–1000 m, 25.VIII.1992,
leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Sinophasma furcatum Chen & He
hainanensis Liu, 1987: 1, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Mt. Jianfengling, Tianchi, 10.V.1964, leg. Liu Shengli (TMNH); PT, 8 : China,
Hainan Province, Mt. Jianfengling, Tianchi, 10.V.1964, leg. Liu Shengli (TMNH)
Distribution: Hainan.
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CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
Valid name: Sinophasma hainanensis Liu
hönei Günther, 1940: 243, figs. D & M ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Chekiang, West Tien-Mu-Shan, 1600 m, Höne 1932 (SMTD); AT, : China, Chekiang, West Tien-
Mu-Shan, 1600 m, Höne 1932 (SMTD).
Distribution: Zhejiang
Valid name: Sinophasma hoenei Günther
klapperichi Günther, 1940: 240, figs. B, K, F & N ( , ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China [Fujian Province, Wuyishan Mts.], Kwangtseh-Fukien [= Hangchuan 117°24´00” E, 27°30´00” N], J.
Klapperich 0, 25.7.1937; Typus; Dr. K. Günther det., 1939: Sinophasma klapperichi n. sp. (ZMFK, No. PHA 2001/
29); AT, : China [Fujian Province, Wuyishan Mts.], Kwangtseh-Fukien [= Hangchuan 117°24´00” E, 27°30´00”
N], J. Klapperich 0, 19.8.1937; Typus; Dr. K. Günther det., 1939: Sinophasma klapperichi n. sp. (ZMFK, No. PHA
2001/31); PT, : China [Fujian Province, Wuyishan Mts.], Kwangtseh-Fukien [= Hangchuan 117°24´00” E,
27°30´00” N], J. Klapperich 0, 25.7.1937; Typus; Dr. K. Günther det., 1939: Sinophasma klapperichi n. sp. (ZMFK,
No. PHA 2001/30); PT, : Kwangtseh-Fukien [= Hangchuan 117°24´00” E, 27°30´00” N], J. Klapperich 0,
25.7.1937; 1937 11 (SMTD).
Distribution: Fujian [type-locality], Hunan [Chen & He, 1992b: 45, fig. 128] & Guangxi [Cai & Chen, 1999: 69].
Valid name: Sinophasma klapperichi Günther
largum Chen & Chen, 1998: 47, figs. 1–4 ( , ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, 18.IX.1957, leg. Keren Huang (IZCAS); PT, 2 , 3 : China,
Sichuan Province, Mt. Emei, 18.IX.1957, leg. Keren Huang (IZCAS); PT, 5 , 1 : China, Guizhou Province,
13.–25.VII.1988 (IZCAS); PT, 6 , 3 : China, Hunan Province, 4.–20.VIII.1988 (IZCAS); PT, 2 : China,
Hubei Province, 21.–24.VII.1989 (IZCAS); PT, 7 , 10 : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., 23.VII.1977 (IZCAS).
Distribution: Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei & Guangxi.
Valid name: Sinophasma largum Chen & Chen
latisectum Chen & Chen, 1997a: 124, figs. 1–3 ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Baishou, 6.VII.1952 (IZCAS); PT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Baishou,
6.VII.1952 (IZCAS).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Sinophasma latisectum Chen & Chen
longicauda Bi, 1990: 151, figs. 1–3 ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Hunan Province, Cili County, Suoxiyu, 31.VIII.1988 leg. Liu Xianwei (SIES); PT, : China, Hunan
Province, Dayong County, Zhangjiajie, 28.IX.1987, leg. Liu Xianwei (SIES).
Comments: The was described by Chen (1993: 87, figs. 13). Chen & Wang (1998b: 16) erroneously transferred it to Asceles
Redtenbacher, 1908. The egg illustrated by Xu (2006: 61, fig. 4) does obviously not belong to a member of Asceles.
Distribution: Hunan, Guangxi & Guizhou.
Valid name: Sinophasma longicauda Bi
maculicruralis Chen, 1986: 85, figs. 1–4 ( , ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Bobai, Jiangliu forest farm, 6.–13.VII.1977, leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU); AT, :
China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Bobai, Jiangliu forest farm, 6.–13.VII.1977, leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU); PT, 10 , 9
: China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Bobai, Jiangliu forest farm, 6.–13.VII.1977, leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Sinophasma maculicruralis Chen
mirabile Günther, 1940: 242, figs. C & J ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China [Fujian Province, Wuyishan Mts.], Kuatun (2300 m) 27.40 n.Br., 117.40 ö.L, J. Klapperich, 16.7.1938
(Fukien); Typus; dr. K. Günther det., 1939: Sinophasma mirabile n. sp. (ZMFK, No. PHA 2001/32); AT, : China
[Fujian Province, Wuyishan Mts.], Kuatun (2300 m) 27.40 n.Br., 117.40 ö.L, J. Klapperich, 17.7.1938 (Fukien);
Typus; dr. K. Günther det., 1939: Sinophasma mirabile n. sp. (ZMFK, No. PHA 2001/33); PT, : Kuatun (2300 m)
27.40 n.Br., 117.40 ö.L, J. Klapperich, 23.7.1938 (Fukien) (SMTD).
Distribution: Fujian [type-locality], Hunan [Chen & He, 1992b: 45, fig. 127], Zhejiang, Guangdong [Cai & Chen,
1999: 69] & Guangxi [Cai & Chen, 1999: 69].
Valid name: Sinophasma mirabile Günther
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38 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
obvium Chen & He, 1995g: 65, fig. 7 ( ) [Sipyloidea obvius].
HT, : China, Zhejiang Province, Mt. Baishanzu 800 m, 20.VII.1994, leg. Fan Changyi (BFU).
Distribution: Zhejiang.
Valid name: Sinophasma obvium (Chen & He) n. comb.
pseudomirabile Chen & Chen, 1996: 88, figs. 1a & b ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Bobai County, VII.1977, leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU); PT, 2 : China, Guangxi
Aut. Reg., Bobai County, VII.1977, leg. Chen Shuchun (BFU).
Comments: The was described from Lianxian County in the Guangdong Province by Chen & Chen, 1997b: 97, figs. 8 & 9).
Distribution: Guangxi & Guangdong [Chen & Chen, 1997b: 97].
Valid name: Sinophasma pseudomirabile Chen & Chen
rugicollis Chen, 1991: 450, figs. 1 & 2 ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Guizhou Province, Jiangkou County, 23.VIII.1985, leg. Gong Cai (BFU).
Distribution: Guizhou.
Valid name: Sinophasma rugicollis Chen
striatum Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Xu), 2006: 96, figs. 6: 1 & 6: 2 ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Guizhou Province, Mt. Fanjingshan, 2002, leg. Xu Fangling (BFU).
Distribution: Guizhou.
Valid name: Sinophasma striatum Chen & He
trispinosum Chen & Chen, 1997b: 93, figs. 1–3 ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Guangdong Province, Lianxian County, 12.VII.1992, leg. Liu Jun (ICRI).
Distribution: Guangdong.
Valid name: Sinophasma trispinosum Chen & Chen
truncatum Shiraki, 1935: 82, figs. 8 & 9, pl. IX [VI]: 7–10, pl. X [VII]: 3 & 4 ( , ) [Sipyloidea truncata]. ST, (),
(): Taiwan, Taihoku, Souzan VII., leg. Dr. Y. Miwa and Mr. T. Yoshida, “feeding on chesnut and cherry trees”
(NTUC).
Distribution: Henan [Bi & Wang, 1998b: 210; Wang, 2002: 16].
Valid name: Sinophasma truncatum Shiraki, 1935
unispinosum Chen & Chen, 1997b: 95, figs. 4–7 ( ) [Sinophasma].
HT, : China, Guangdong Province, Lianxian, 09.VII.1992, leg. Jia Fenglong (ICRI); PT, : China, Guangdong
Province, Lianxian, 09.VII.1992, leg. Jia Fenglong (ICRI).
Distribution: Guangdong.
Valid name: Sinophasma unispinosum Chen & Chen
Sipyloidea Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893
Type-species: Necroscia sipylus Westwood, 1859: 138, pl. 18: 4 ( ), by original designation.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
adelpha Günther, 1940: 245 [Sipyloidea].
HT, : China [Fujian Province, Wuyishan Mts.], Kuatun (2300 m) 27.40 n.Br., 117.40 ö.L, J. Klapperich, 17.6.1938
(Fukien); Typus; dr. K. Günther det., 1939: Sipyloidea adelpha n. sp. (ZMFK, No. PHA 2001/41).
Distribution: Fujian.
Valid name: Sipyloidea adelpha Günther
amica Bey-Bienko, 1959: 1818, fig. 4 ( ) [Sipyloidea].
HT, : China, Mt. Tingushan (BFU?)
Comments: The depository of Bey-Bienko’s HT is not known. It is not traced in ZMAS and Brock (2007: 55) stated
it was possibly in Beijing.
Distribution: Guangdong [Xu, 2005: 75].
Valid name: Sipyloidea amica Bey-Bienko
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CATALOGUE OF THE STICK AND LEAF-INSECTS OF CHINA
biplagiata Redtenbacher, 1908: 544 [Sipyloidea].
ST, , : Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhstorfer, Coll. Br.v.W. (NHMW, No. 1079); ST, : Tonkin, Mt. Mau-
son, April-Mai, 2,000–3,000 ft., H. Fruhstorfer, Coll. Br. v. W. (NHMW, No. 1079).
Distribution: Hunan & Guangdong [Bi, Zhang & Lau, 2001: 256].
Valid name: Sipyloidea biplagiata Redtenbacher
cavata Chen & He, 1993c: 40, figs. 13 & 14 ( ) [Sipyloidea].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Xing’an County, Mt. Mao’ershan 700–900 m, 25.VIII.1992, leg. Chen Shuchun
(BFU).
Distribution: Guangxi & Guizhou.
Valid name: Sipyloidea cavata Chen & He
completa Chen & He, 1993c: 39, figs. 11 & 12 ( ) [Sipyloidea].
HT, : China, Guangxi Aut. Reg., Xing’an County, Mt. Mao’ershan 700–900 m, 25.VIII.1992, leg. Chen Shuchun
(BFU).
Distribution: Guangxi.
Valid name: Sipyloidea completa Chen & He
peelensis Brock & Seow-Choen, 2000: 128, figs. 5 ( ) & 6 ( ) [Sipyloidea].
HT, : Hong Kong, Peel Rise, Victoria Peak, Victoria Peak, V.1995, leg. F. Seow-Choen (BMNH); PT, 2 : Hong
Kong, Peel Rise, Victoria Peak, Victoria Peak, V.1995, leg. F. Seow-Choen (BMNH); PT, : Hong Kong, Peel Rise,
Victoria Peak, Victoria Peak, 10.VII.1996, leg. F. Seow-Choen (BMNH); PT, 1 , 1 : Hong Kong, Peel Rise, Vic-
toria Peak, Victoria Peak, V.1995, leg. F. Seow-Choen (coll. FSC).
Distribution: Hong Kong.
Valid name: Sipyloidea peelensis Brock & Seow-Choen.
shukayi Bi, Zhang & Lau, 2001: 256, figs. 1 & 2 [Sipyloidea].
HT, : China, Hong Kong District, Tsak Yue Wu in Sai Kung, 25.VII.1996, leg. Chan Ping Wing (SIES); PT, :
China, Hong Kong District, Tsak Yue Wu in Sai Kung, 27.VII.1996, leg. Chan Ping Wing (SIES).
Distribution: Hong Kong.
Valid name: Sipyloidea shukayi Bi, Zhang & Lau
sipylus Westwood, 1859: 138, pl. 18: 4 ( ) [Necroscia].
LT, : Lectotype; Java, Horsfield; Sipylus Westw , Mon. Phasm. pl. 18 f. 4 (BMNH); PLT, : Assam Jenkins
Sipylus Westw , Mon. Phasm. pl. 18 f. 4; Type Necroscia sipylus Westw., Hope Dept. Oxford (OXUM, No. 660);
PLT, 1 , 4 : Silhet (BMNH).
= samsoo Westwood, 1859: 132, pl. 10: 6 ( ) [Necroscia]. HT, : China (BMNH). [Synonymised by Redtenbacher,
1908: 544]
Comments: The synonymy established by Redtenbacher (1908: 544) is doubtful. The LT of N. sipylus Westwood
was designated by Brock (1995: 92), who stated the PLT’s from Silhet were likely to be a different species.
Distribution: “China”. Hongkong [Brock & Seow-Choen, 2000: 130], Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan,
Zhejiang, Sichuan, Henan, Gansu & Yunnan.
Valid name: Sipyloidea sipylus (Westwood)
Sosibia Stål, 1875
Type-species: Sosibia nigrispina Stål, 1875: 87, by subsequent designation of Rehn, 1904: 71.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
brachyptera Chen & He, 2004b: 26, figs. 8a & b ( ) [Sosibia].
HT, : China, Xizang Aut. Reg., Medog County, 900–1500 m, 6.XI.1998, leg. Yao Jian (IZCAS).
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet).
Valid name: Sosibia brachyptera Chen & He
guangdongensis Chen & Chen, 2000a: 121, figs. 1a & b ( ) [Sosibia].
HT, : China, Guangdong Province, Lianzhou, Mt. Dadongshan, 8.VII.1992 (ICRI).
Distribution: Guangdong.
Valid name: Sosibia guangdongensis Chen & He
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40 · Zootaxa 1735 © 2008 Magnolia Press
hainanensis Chen & He (in: Chen, He & Li), 2002: 107, figs. 9a & b ( ) [Sosibia].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Mt. Jianfengling, 29.VI.1981, leg. Rao Shuqing (BFU).
Distribution: Hainan.
Valid name: Sosibia hainanensis Chen & He
medogensis Chen & He, 2004b, 26, figs. 7a & b ( ) [Sosibia].
HT, : China, Xizang Aut. Reg., Medog County, 2050 m, 22.VII.1975, leg. Huang Fusheng (IZCAS).
Distribution: Xizang (Tibet).
Valid name: Sosibia medogensis Chen & He
truncata Chen & Chen, 2000a: 121, figs. 2a & b ( ) [Sosibia].
HT, : China, Guangdong Province, Lianzhou, Mt. Dadongshan, 14.VII.1992, leg. Zhuang Meibao (ICRI).
Distribution: Guangdong & Hong Kong.
Valid name: Sosibia truncata Chen & Chen
Tirachoidea Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893
Type-species: Phibalosoma cantori Westwood, 1859: 74, pl. 37: 1 ( ) & 38: 1 ( ), by subsequent designation of Rehn,
1904: 70.
Comments: This genus was synonymised with Pharnacia Stål, 1877 (Type-species: Pharnacia ponderosa Stål,
1877) but will be re-established as a valid genus by Hennemann & Conle (in press).
[“Anareolatae”: Phasmatidae: Phasmatinae: Pharnaciini]
jianfenglingensis Bi, 1994: 10, figs. 1–3 ( ) [Pharnacia].
HT, : China, Hainan Province, Ledong County, Mt. Jianfengling, 13.X.1992, leg. Liu Zuyao, Wang Tianqi & Yin
Haisheng (SIES).
= Tirachoidea westwoodi, Qi & Liu, 1992: 250, figs. 1–3 ( ) (not Wood-Mason, 1875). [Misidentification]
Distribution: Hainan [type-locality] & Yunnan [Qi & Liu, 1992: 250, figs. 13].
Valid name: Tirachoidea jianfenglingensis (Bi)
Trachythorax Redtenbacher, 1908
Type-species: Phasma (Necroscia) maculicollis Westwood, 1848: 77, pl. 38: 2 ( ), by subsequent designation
of Brock, 1995: 93.
[“Anareolatae”: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae]
atrosignata Brunner v. Wattenwyl, 1893: 85, pl. 3: 27 ( ) [Calvisia].
LT, : Tenasserim, Meetan, Fea Aug. 1887; C in copula con D; Typus; atrosignata Brunner ; Syntypus Calvisia
atrosignata Brunner, 1893 (MCSN); PLT, : Tenasserim, Meetan, Fea Aug. 1887; D in copula con C; Typus;
atrosignata Brunner ; Syntypus Calvisia atrosignata Brunner, 1893 (MCSN); PLT, : Bhamò, Tenasserim, Fea;
Coll. Br.v.W.; det. Br.v.W. Trachythorax atrosignatus; 19.162 (NHMW, No. 991); PLT, 1 : Bhamò, Tenasserim,
Fea; Coll. Br.v.W.; det. Br.v.W. Trachythorax atrosignatus (NHMW, No. 991). [Note—The following specimens
might also be part of the type-series, althought the original description only stated “Bhamò. Meetan (Tenasserim).
Occurit etiam in insula Sumatra (coll. m.)”: PLT, : Sumatra, 1889, Dr. Moörh; Coll. Br.v.W.; 17.987 (NHMW, No.
991); PLT, 3 : Nicobar, Novara 1857–1859 Reise; det. Br.v.W. Marmessoidea conspersa (NHMW, No. 991);
PLT, 3 : no data [possibly from Nicobar] (NHMW, No. 991);