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Polyphenol Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Lepista nuda
Abstract
This study analyzed the contents of vitamin C, polyphenol compounds, and evaluated the inhibitory activities against xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase of Lepista nuda extract prepared by the reflux and microwave-assisted methods. The vitamin C content of the fresh L. nude was mg/100 g. The content of phenolic compounds in the fresh L. nuda was . The ethanol extracts prepared by reflux method and microwave-assisted method showed the highest phenol contents of , respectively. The inhibitory rates on xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase of ethanol extracts prepared by the microwave assisted method showed the highest value of 99.78% and 30.30% at the concentration of . The inhibitory activities on xanthine oxidase and tyrosinase were increased depending on the extract concentration.
... The lifestyles of males and females are quite different from each other (Lee et al., 2006). The suggested energy values are 3060 kJ/ serving and 2910 kJ/serving for males and females, respectively (Pinto et al., 2013). ...
... (Lee et al., 2006).Minerals are important chemical constituents and perform vital functions in our bodies. They are inorganic in nature and help in the proper functioning of several enzymes, hormones, nerve impulses, bodybuilding, and oxygen transport. ...
Mushrooms are an emerging natural resource to meet the current demands of functional food and therapeutics. Modern pharmacological as well as clinical trials of new‐age drugs have presented the nutritional and medicinal attributes of mushrooms in light. One such resource is the genus Lepista of the family Tricholomataceae, which is yet to be explored wholly. In recent years the abandoned taxon Lepista has been in focus for the reason of its palatability, farming procedure and curative importance. The key message of the review is to update the present status of the genus Lepista with reference to its significance as functional food, a new source of bioactive components and therapeutic value, which will put forward beneficial guidance and new approaches for its advancement as a potent mycomedicine.
... Results and Discussion 1. 총 폴리페놀 함량 천연물에서 폴리페놀은 피부의 내인성 항산화 시스템을 향상시 켜 피부 질환을 예방하는 것으로 보고되었다(Yan et al., 2020). 폴리 페놀이 피부 문제를 완화하기 위해 phenolic hydroxyl (OH)기가 단 백질에 결함하거나, alkyl radical이 연쇄반응을 통해 라디칼을 제거 하는 등의 대상 경로에 간섭하는 작용을 통해 산화를 억제시키는 능 력이 알려져 있다(Bharadvaja et al., 2023;Lee et al., 2006). 허 브 종류 중 하나인 딜을 이용하여 에탄올 추출물을 통해 제조된 딜 추출물에 존재하는 폴리페놀 함량을 tannic acid을 기준물질로 하 여 측정하였다. ...
Purpose: Anethum graveolens L., commonly known as dill, is a popular herbal medicine in East Asia. Dill is reportedly a rich source of essential oils, vital for health. This study aimed to examine the effects of ethanol extracts of Anethum graveolens L. (dill), on the physiological activities on the skin.Methods: After extracting ground dill with 70% ethanol for 24 hours, the extracts were filtered through a vacuum pump, concentrated using an evaporator and lyophilized. The dill ethanol extracts (DEE) evaluated the effects on antioxidants, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, melanin content, and hydration effects in skin cell lines.Results: Results of DPPH and ABTS assay indicated that DEE was observed to increase radical scavenging activities. Measurements of cytotoxicity of DEE indicated that DEE significantly inhibited nitric oxide production and melanin content. Also, DEE increased the hyaluronic acid production by approximately 18.75% compared with control.Conclusion: Our research confirmed the effect of DEE on skin physiological properties and that it can be considered for developing functional foods or cosmetics.
... As regards phenolic content, the ethanol extract of L. nuda prepared by reflux and microwave assisted methods gave 12.06 and 11.84 mg/g total phenol content while fresh L. nuda contained 1.87 mg/g total phenol compounds (Lee et al. 2006b). In a comparative study (Pinto et al. 2013), the content of total phenolic compounds of mycelial biomass in produced different media (max. ...
Lepista irina (Fr.) H.E. Bigelow; Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke - TRICHOLOMATACEAE
Yusufjon Gafforov, Mustafa Yamaç, Milena Rašeta, Manzura Yarasheva, Rainer W. Bussmann, et Sylvie Rapior.
Lepista irina (Fr.) H.E. Bigelow; Lepista nuda (Bull.) Cooke - TRICHOLOMATACEAE. Pages 1271-1284. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23031-8_118 ; hal-04373847v1
... Analysis of total phenolics and GABA The content of total phenolic compounds was measured according to the methods of Folin and Denis (Folin and Denis, 1912) and Lee et al (Lee et al., 2006). Dough was used after adjustment of density to 1 mg/mL with distilled water. ...
Preparation of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)-rich sourdough using rice bran and raisin was investigated. Preparation of sourdough began with pre-fermented raisin liquid, which is a widely used source of wild yeast and lactic acid bacteria. The number of naturally occurring cells in the liquid was 3.5×10⁷ CFU/mL for yeast cells and 3.4×10⁷ CFU/mL for lactic acid bacteria. The liquid was added to rice bran and then used to make sourdough via a three-stage fermentation process for 42 hours. The numbers of yeast (2.1×10⁸ CFU/g) and lactic acid bacteria (1.3×10⁸ CFU/g) in sourdough increased gradually with repeated fermentation. We also confirmed that the GABA and polyphenol contents of sourdough significantly increased during fermentation. Thus, sourdough enriched with GABA could be rapidly and easily obtained through a three-stage natural fermentation process using rice bran and raisin. These findings also provide useful information for the effective use of milling rice by-products.
... 이와는 반 대로, 인체에 대한 유해성이 낮은 천연 항산화제의 사용이 증 대되고 있으며 [17,18], 천연 항산화제로 사용될 수 있는 식물의 항산화 물질에 대한 연구가 주를 이루고 있다. 식물의 항산화 물질은 phenolic 화합물 및 flavonoid 계통의 화합물로 알려져 있으며 [19], 이러한 물질들은 활성산소종과 화학적인 연쇄반응 을 통해 수소를 공여하는 반응을 한다 [20]. 이전 연구에서 금속 이온에 대한 산화-환원 작용은 phenolic 화합물과 결합하거나 복합체를 형성하여 H 2 O 2 와 금속 이온과의 반응을 억제한다고 밝혔으며 [21,22], Fenton 반응의 억제를 이끌어내어 Fe 2+ 의 환원 반응을 일으키고, OH -를 직접적으로 제거하여 산화적 스트레스 로부터 DNA의 구조를 보호한다 [23]. ...
Recently, cancer incidence in modern society is increasing sharply. DNA damage is caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors in the human body, cells protect themselves by defense mechanism against DNA damage. Also, Aberrant DNA and deficient DNA repair are closely associated with various diseases, including aging and cancer. Researchers are interested in search for proper materials to inhibition for DNA damage. As knew the side effects of synthetic antioxidant, some researches have been conducted about cancer prevention materials derived from nature. Root of Smilax china, in Liliaceae, is used detoxification and tumor treatments traditionally. However, studies on the inhibitory effect of DNA damage haven’t progressed. In this study, antioxidant activity and protective effects on oxidative DNA damage of S. china root were confirmed, relationship between those activities and contents of phenolic compounds in plants were established. S. china root effectively removed 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radicals and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radicals. The quantification and identification of phenolic compounds were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis, its antioxidant activity was associated with some phenolic compounds. In addition, protective effects against hydroxyl radicals and ferrous ion-induced oxidative DNA damage were confirmed in plasmid DNA. In the cellular levels, S. china root suppressed the expression of γ-H2AX and p53 protein in NIH 3T3. Besides, S. china root suppressed H2AX and p53 mRNA levels. In conclusion, S. china root had the effect on DNA protection and antioxidant.
The objective of the research is to investigate the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of acetone extracts of the mushrooms Macrolepiota mastoidea, Clitocybe nebularis, Lepista nuda, Chroogomphus helveticus, Lactarius deliciosus, Russula atropurpurea, and Ramaria stricta. The microdilution method was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and assess the antimicrobial effects against five bacterial and ten fungal species. Extract of C. helveticus exhibited more powerful antimicrobial properties, with ranged MIC values from 0.16 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL. The assessment of the antioxidant activity involved: measuring the ability to scavenge DPPH radicals, conducting a reducing power assay, and determining the quantities of total phenolics and flavonoids in extracts. The findings of the research indicate that the extract from C. helveticus exhibited
greater antioxidant potency (IC50 = 395.15 μg/mL). The strongest effect of reducing power showed extract of C. helveticus. The highest content of total phenols and flavonoids was detected in the extract of C. helveticus.
Lepista nuda has high nutritional and medicinal value, especially has high antioxidant, antitumor and antiviral activities. Based on results of single factor experiment, response surface methodology was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides (LNP). Macroporous resin D301 was used to decolorization, and its technological conditions were determined by orthogonal experiment. In addition, two novel polysaccharides (LNP-1, LNP-2) were purified by DEAE Cellulose-52 and Sephadex G-150 chromatography. The molecular weight of LNP-1 is 11,703 Da, mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose and fucose, while the molecular weight of LNP-2 is 13,369 Da, mainly composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, arabinose and fucose. The polysaccharide contents of crude LNP, LNP-1 and LNP-2 were 70.60%, 87.71% and 81.20% respectively, and the protein contents were 1.72%, 0.97% and 0.68% respectively. Their sulfuric contents were 3.39%, 5.02% and 8.64%, and uronic acid contents were 3.66%, 5.56% and 6.80%, respectively. Further studies showed that their ability to chelate iron ions, scavenge DPPH (1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl) free radicals and scavenge superoxide anion radicals were 70.09%, 55.94% and 36.64% respectively. They showed strong ability to scavenge free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner. LNP is expected to be developed as a new efficacy factor in the food industry.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been played a critical role in damage of DNA. Recently, many effort is focusing to develop the natural antioxidants for controlling ROS. Zelkova serrata, Ulmaceae, is close as plants which are planted in front of Korea villages. Although Zelkova serrata is familiar with Koreans, those of antioxidant activities and protective effects on oxidative DNA damage haven’t studied. We demonstrated antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects on oxidative DNA damage of Leaf from Zelkova serrata with ethyl acetate fractions (EA) and hot water extracts (HW). Between the extracts, EA showed higher activities in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethyl-benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical scavenging, Fe²⁺ chelating and reducing power than HW. Also, those of total phenolic content are 56.63 and 51.61 mg/g respectively. In addition, φX-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay for inhibitory effect by oxidative DNA damage was both EA and HW has significant protective effect on oxidative DNA damage. The results suggested that leaf from Zelkova serrata with ethyl acetate fractions and hot water extracts have surpassing potential as natural resources with antioxidant and inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage.
Hypsizygus marmoreus (white cultivar), also called white beech mushrooms, are edible mushrooms commercially cultivated in Korea and Japan. This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant properties of H. marmoreus. H. marmoreus fruit bodies were divided into pileus and stipe. The pileus and stipe were extracted into water and 80% ethanol and their antioxidant activities were analyzed. The total polyphenol content was highest in the water extract (pileus 1137.39?0.38 mg of GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/100 g, stipe 700.86?0.06 mg of GAE/100 g) compared to the ethanol extract (pileus 923.47?0.18 mg of GAE/ 100 g, stipe 324.05?0.03 mg of GAE/100 g). Ethanol extracts from pileus showed better scavenging ability on DPPH (47.32?0.23% at 10 mg/ml) and ABTS (57.33?0.10% at 10 mg/ml) than the stipe and water extract groups. Water extract from pileus were more effective in reducing power and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) value than stipe and ethanol extract. The toxicity of water and ethanol extracts was investigated using WST-1 (Water Soluble Tetrazolium salt) assay on the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Overall, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities of extracts from H. marmoreus increased in a dose dependent manner while pileus was showed better total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities than stipe.
Antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage of ethyl acetate fractions extracted from Cone of Red Pine (Pinus densiflora) were investigated to find utilization of Cone, by-product of Red Pine, thrown out after berry shatter, as a new natural plant resource. Cone from P. densiflora was extracted with methanol (MeOH) and separated to petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and water fraction. Among them, ethyl acetate fraction was used. The antioxidant activity was conducted by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical, 2, 2`-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, Fe?? chelating assay and reducing power assay. The inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage was determined by DNA cleavage assay using ?X-174 RF I plasmid. The results of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity at 200 ?/? of extracts were 86.50% and 95.80% respectively, which were similar figures compared with L-ascorbic acid as control. Fe?? chelating activity was 77.96% and reducing power was 0.77 at 200 ?/?. Total phenolic component was 27.29?0.3 ?/g and Vitamin C content was 1.84?0.1 ?/g. Also ethyl acetate fraction from Cone has inhibitory effect, using ?X-174 RF I plasmid on DNA cleavage assay. In conclusion, Cone, by-product of P. densiflora, showed high antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage. Therefore this study suggests Cone, useless by-product, can be developed as a new natural plant resource with lots of utilization such as an effective antioxidant, natural medicine, food, cosmetics and so on.
This research was carried out to determine the differences of physiological activites between Grifola frondosa of log cultivation(LC) and Grifola frondosa of bottle cultivation(BC). Total flavonoids content, total phenolics content, electron donating ability(EDA), nitrite-scavenging ability(NSA), SOD-like activity and inhibitory effect of Xanthine oxidase were examined. The highest value of total flavonoid content is 5.96?0.81mg/g in water extract from Grifola frondosa of log cultivation at 40^{\circ}C (LC-W40) but, one of total phenolics compound is 44.53?0.89mg/g in water extract from Grifola frondosa of bottle cultivation at 40^{\circ}{\cdots} (BC-W40). The EDA using DPPH of BC-W40 extract showed the highest value of 97.14?0.71%. Nitrite-scavenging ability was 62.55^{\circ}{\ae}0.36% in extract from Grifola frondosa of BC-W40 at pH 1.2. The value was SOD-like activity showed the highest value of 18.95^{\circ}{\ae}1.39% in extract from LC-W40. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity was the highest value of 54.31?0.40% in extract from Grifola frondosa BC-W40, and dependent on concentrations. These results showed that a the antioxidant effects of Grifola frondosa is excellent. However, physiological activities of Grifola frondosa were not depend on caltivation method regulary, and were different according to kind of solvents, concentraitions and physialogical factors examined such as EDA, SOD-like activity and NSA.
Objectives : The purpose of this study was verification of the anti-inflammation and anti-oxidant effect of Cheongungdajosan-gamibang extract (CG) in mouse macrophage, RAW 264.7 cells. Methods : We have basically using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The cell toxicity was determined by MTT assay. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Cheongungdajosan-gamibang, amount of nitric oxide(NO) was measured using the NO detection kit and the IL-1{\beta}, IL-6 and TNF-{\alpha} expression was measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Also, free radical scavenging assay has tested for DPPH and ABTS radical activity as well as the contents of total polyphenol. Results : In this study, 96.6% or higher cell viability was observed in all tested groups from 1, 10, 100?/m{\ell} in RAW 264.7 cells. The RAW 264.7 cells were induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and CG 1, 10, 100?/m{\ell}. The CG decreased nitric oxide (NO) production activity dose dependently, especially at 100?/m{\ell} of 55%. The production of IL-1{\beta}, IL-6 and TNF-{\alpha} were decreased by 51%, 78% and 35% in CG treated 100?g/m{\ell}. CG showed dose-dependent suppression activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, especially at 100?g/m{\ell} of 37%. DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS cation decolorization were activated over 86% and 88% in CG at 1,000?g/m{\ell} concentration. Conclusions : According to the results, we thought that CG showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities on the RAW 264.7 cells in mouse macrophage. Therefore, this research is expected to provide the fundamental data about the natural material analysis of relating to the anti-inflammation and antioxidant.
Objectives : In this study, we demonstrated the antioxidant activities and the inhibitory effect on oxidative DNA damage of ethyl acetate fractions extracted from Sophorae Flos and Sophorae fructus. Methods : Sophorae Flos and Sophorae fructus were extracted with methanol(MeOH) and divided to Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate(EtOAC) and Water fraction. The antioxidant activities were conducted by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl(DPPH) radical, 2, 2`-Azine-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6 sulfonic acid) diammonium salt(ABTS) radical scavenging assay, Fe^{2 } chelating assay and Reducing power assay. The inhibitory effect of DNA damage were characterized on {\varphi} X-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay. In addition, we analyzed the Total phenol contents and the Vitamin C contents of Sophorae Flos and Sophorae fructus. Results : The results of DPPH were 92.71% and 94.72%, ABTS were 87.16% and 62.44%, and Fe^{2 } chelating were 95.81% and 85.11% at 200?g/m{\ell} of Sophorae Flos and Sophorae fructus respectively. The Sophorae Flos showed stronger effect than Sophorae fructus in Reducing Power assay. Total phenol content was 111.77 mg/g and 122.54 mg/g, and Vitamin C content was 2.59 mg/g and 3.03 mg/g. Also both Sophorae Flos and Sophorae fructus have inhibitory antioxidant effect on {\varphi} X-174 RF I plasmid DNA cleavage assay. Conclusions : Over all, this study suggests that Sophorae Flos and Sophorae fructus can be used as not only effective antioxidant but also natural medicine.
Physiological activities of extracts form Pleurotus cornucopiae were examined. DPPH radical scavenging activity of water extract was 70.22 percent at 4 mg/mL, which was the highest among all extracts. Total polyphenol content of water extract was 26.34 mg/g, which was the highest value for all extraction conditions. Superoxide anion radical scavenging activities ranged from 50.17 to 80.56 percent at 1, 2, and 4 mg/mL, which were higher than the ascorbic acid activity (56.19% at 10 mg/mL) (P<0.05). ACE inhibitory activities were higher in ethanolic extracts than in water extracts. Nitrite-scavenging abilities under acidic conditions (pH 1.2 and pH 3.0) were the most effective among all the extracts. These results will be useful for understanding the physiological activities of Pleurotus cornucopiae.
This study was designed to evaluate antioxidant activity of Curcuma longa L. leaves treated by ultra high pressure extraction. Curcuma longa L. leaves was subjected to 5,000 bar for 5 and 15 min at The highest phenolics and flavonoids content was observed in the treatment of high pressure extraction for 15 min (, ). The DPPH scavenging activity was 82.34% at of Curcuma longa L. leaves treated by ultra high pressure process for 15 min. The highest SOD-like acitivity of Curcuma longa L. leaves () was observed at ultra high pressure extraction for 15 min (67.54%). The high pressure extraction significantly increased the contents of phenolics and flavonoids and also enhanced the antioxidant activity. These results provide useful information for enhancing biological properties of Curcuma longa L. leaves.
This study was conducted to investigate the total phenol contents, antioxidative activities and antibacterial activities of twenty species of entomopathogenic fungi. The total phenol content was highest in Aspergillus flavus () and A. parasiticus (). On the other hand those in other strains were within the range of . The antioxdative activity was shown in the most of strains and the highest DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity was observed in A. flavus () and A. parasiticus (). This result indicated that the antioxidative activities were very correlated with the total phenol contents. The antibacterial activitiy was found in the every tested pathogenic bacteria. Especially, the antibacterial activity was strongest against Listeria monocytogenes and Escherchia coli.
Osteoblasts from alveolar bone may have an important role in the bone regeneration for periodontium, but their culture and characterization are not determined yet. The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological characteristics of primary explant cultured osteoblasts(PECO) from alveolar bone. Osteoblasts were isolated and cultured from alveolar socket of extracted tooth in children. To compare the characteristics, osteoblasts and gingival fibroblasts were cultured with DMEM at 37℃, 5% CO2, 100% humidity incubator, and human fetal osteoblasts cell line(hFOB1) were cultured with DMEM at 34℃, 5%, CO2, 100% humidity incubator. To characterize the isolated bone cells, morphologic change, cell proliferation and differentiation were measured. Morphology of PECO was small round body or cuboidal shape on inverted microscope and was similar with hFOB1. PECO became polygonal shape with stellate and had an amorphous shape at 9th passage in culture. PECO had significantly higher activity than that of gingival fibroblasts and hFOB1 in alkaline phosphatase activity. The expression of osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein in PECO was notably increased when compared with hFOB1 and gingival fibroblasts. These result indicated that PECO from alveolar bone in children has an obvious characteristics of osteoblast, may be applied for the regeneration of bone.
The aerobic oxidation of xanthine by rat liver supernatant was greatly stimulated by the addition of methylene blue or of
NAD+: the latter was reduced during the reaction. Storage of the supernatant at -20° brought about an enhancement of the xanthine
oxidation rate measured without addition of cofactors. A similar "activation" was caused by prior incubation at 37° of the
unfractionated liver homogenate, or of the supernatant separated after sonic disruption of the homogenate. The same effect
was obtained by treatment with solvents, or by prior incubation at 37° of the supernatant in the presence of proteolytic enzymes
or under anaerobic conditions. The presence of xanthine accelerated the effect of proteolytic enzymes and of anaerobiosis.
Only the changes caused by anaerobiosis could be reversed by incubating the supernatant in air before the assay.
The reaction rate was apparently unaffected by these treatments if activity of the enzyme was measured in the presence of
methylene blue or of NAD+. The latter, however, was not reduced during the oxidation of xanthine by "activated" supernatants stored at -20° if the
reaction was run in the presence of oxygen. If the reaction was in anaerobiosis, uric acid and a corresponding amount of NADH
were formed by fresh, supernatant, and by supernatants activated at -20° or by prior incubation in anaerobiosis, but not by
supernatant activated by trypsin.
The hypothesis is formulated that most of the xanthine oxidase of rat liver supernatant is a dehydrogenase (Type D), and may
be converted (activated) into an oxidase (Type O).
ABSTRACTA general mathematical model in the same form with the logistic equation simulated lipid oxidation in food systems. Almost perfect agreement was found between the model and seventeen sets of data from the literature, obtained with egg yolk, restructured beef and pork nuggets, cooked pork meat, iced gutted dogfish, frozen mackerel fillets and ground raw poultry meat. A simple method was described for the evaluation of the numerical values of the model parameters. Variations of these numerical values were also associated with varying pretreatment and storage conditions.
Chemotherapy often fails because a tumor develops resistance to an array of different drugs. A single glycoprotein turns out to be responsible: it proliferates in some cells and pumps out the drugs. Now that the protein pump has been identified it may be possible to interfere with its action or to make it the target for drugs that destroy the cancer cell.
An ESR study showed that tannins scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, a model free radical in lipids generating the signals of their phenoxy radicals. Tannins were also shown to scavenge the superoxide anion radical. Therefore, the inhibitory effects of tannins on lipid peroxidation seems to be related to their radical-scavenging activity. By this study, caffeoyl esters from some plant species of the families of Compositae and Labiatae, were shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation, and several licorice polyphenols to have scavenging effects on DPPH and superoxide anion radicals.
The antioxidation effect was remarkably enhanced in the case of natural phenol derivatives (sesamol and eugenol) as compared with synthesized butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA).
In order to determine of trace mineral elements of wild edible mushrooms in Korea, the dried carpophores of Armillariella mella(Vahl.ex Fr.) karst., Armillariella tabescens(Scop.) Sing., Lepista nuda(Bull.ex Fr.) Cooke and Lepista sordida(Schum.ex Fr.) Sing., Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.ex Fr.) Qu'el., Hygrocybe conica(Scop.ex Fr.) Kummur were incinerated and analyzed by an atom adsorption spectrophotometry. The six mushrooms contained ubiquitously potassium, iron, zinc, sodium, manganase, copper and calsium in that order, and the content of potassium was the highest than other inorganic components and the content of zinc in Hygrocybe conica was especially the most than the other five mushrooms. Total contents of inorganic components(except Cd) were universally the highest in Hygrocybe conica than other five mushrooms, and decrease in order Hygrophorus russula, lepista nuda, lepista sordida, Aarmillariella mella and Armillariella tabescens. Calsium was not present in Amillariella mella and lepista nuda, and copper not in Hygro cybe conica, and content of cadimium in Hygrophorus russula and Hygrocybe conica were trace.
Extracts from 65 species of mushrooms in mount Chiak were screened for their fibrinolytic activities. Extracts from Armillariella mellea, Calocybe sp., Lepista nuda and Trichaptum abietinum showed to have almost twice of activity of plasmin 1.5 U/ml, 193%, 213%, 198%, and 193% respectively. Collybia maculata showed 98% of activity, and Coprinus comatus and Lepiota sp. 56% and 58% activities, respectively. Other two, Agrocybe sp. and Stropharia rugosoannulata were less than 10% of activities.
Extracts of 67 wild mushrooms were tested for their fibrinolytic activities. The extract of Marasmius pulcherripes showed 112% higher increased activity as compared with a positive control, plasmin (0.75 U/ml). Helvella elastica and Psathyrella sp. showed 60% and 49% of activities to that of plasmin, respectively. Three mushrooms such as Lepista sordida, Fomitella fraxinea, and Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus showed 40% of plasmin activity. The other 60 mushroom extracts did not show any fibrinolytic activity.
This study was carried to investigate the inhibition effects of Lepista nuda mushroom extracts on the growth of the human cancer (HepG2, KATOⅢ, AGS) cells. The fraction Ⅰ of Lepista nuda mushroom extracts strongly inhibited to 71.4-91.8% for the growth of cancer cells. The growth of cancer HepG2, KATOⅢ and AGS cell which treated with 0.5 and 1㎎/mL of hot water fraction I was inhibited to 71.4% and 85.5%, 45.0% and 86.6%, 71.6% and 90.7% respectively. The growth of cancer cell HepG2, KATOⅢ and AGS which treated with 0.5 and 1㎎/mL of microwave fraction I was inhibited to 79.8% and 85.2%, 78.6% and 88.9%, 85.8% and 91.8%, respectively. The inhibition ratios of cancer cell growth were higher by microwave extracts than hot water extracts. And the more fraction were insoluble for water, the more inhibition ratios of cancer cell growth were lower.
Functional activities of Flammulina velutipes extract including electron donating ability, nitrite-scavenging effect, and tyrosinase inhibition activity was examined. Extraction were carried out by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) under different conditions including solvent and microwave power. Tyrosinase inhibition activity and nitrite-scavenging effect increased as microwave power increased during extraction. Total phenol content and electron-donating ability reached maximum at the microwave power of 90 W. Total polyphenol content and electron-donating ability increased as extraction time extended up to 15 min, with the highest tyrosinase inhibition obtained after 5 min extraction. Significantly higher tyrosinase inhibition activity was found in 99% ethanol extract, whereas greater nitrite-scavenging effect was observed in the water extract. The maximum nitrite-scavenging effect was found at pH 1.2 and decreased as pH increased.
This study was investigated to analyze the effect of extracts from the Lepista nuda, on the antioxidant activity to form a part of studies on the functional materials of L. nuda. Antioxidant activity of L. nuda extracts was evaluated by measuring the electron-donating ability (EDA), the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and the nitrite-scavenging ability. The EDAs of water and ethanol extracts at the concentration of 1,000 ppm by the rotary heating method from L. nuda were and , respectively and those of water and ethanol extracts by microwave-assisted method were and , respectively. The measurements of SOD-like activity were in the range of at 1,000 ppm. EDA and SOD were increased with the concentrations of extracts. The nitrite-scavenging ability at the concentration of 1,000 ppm was the highest and at pH 1.2, and was decreased with an increment of pH value. These results indicated that microwave assisted water extract from L. nuda showed the highest activities on the EDA and nitrate-scavenging ability, while the rotary heating ethanol extract had the highest effect on the SOD-like activity.
Enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning of foods is a major problem in the food industry. Such discoloration is a result of the action of endogenous polyphenol oxidase (enzymatic browning) followed by the spontaneous polymerization of quinonoid compounds with other food components. Currently, the use of sulfiting agents is the most widespread chemical approach for controlling browning. However, consumer awareness of the risks associated with sulfites and increased regulatory scrutiny have created the need for substitutes.
Several methods were tested to produce a carnosine-containing antioxidant extract from beef muscle. Heat treatments, ultrafiltration and demineralization decreased total iron and hemin concentrations and increased antioxidant activity of a beef extract (2:l; water:muscle). Antioxidant activity of treated extracts was affected little by freeze-drying but was increased by vacuum oven-drying. Vacuum oven-dried (VOD), demineralized, 100°C heated extract had the greatest antioxidant activity followed by VOD ultrafiltration permeate and VOD 100°C heated extract. A beef extract high in carnosine and low in prooxidants could have potential as a natural antioxidant.
Methods for the quantitative analysis of anthocyanins, leuco-anthocyanins, flavanols and total phenols in plant tissue extracts are critically examined and suitable modifications of existing methods are described.
Amidophosphoribosy Ltransferase (EC 2.4.2.14PhosphoribosylpyrophosphateGlutaminePurine RibonucleotidesEnzyme Abnormalities and Purine Overproduction in ManReferencesDiscussionReferences
The behavior of L-ascorbic acid (AsA) in the healing process of wounds in guinea pigs was investigated by determining AsA and dehydroascorbic acid (DAsA) levels. Dorsal skin wounds of guinea pigs fed AsA-deficient diets for 10 days were surgically induced, and the animals were intraperitoneally supplemented with 0, 0.5, 5, 50 mg/day of AsA for 4 days, respectively. The animals were sacrificed, and the amounts of AsA and DAsA in healing skin wound and intact skin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It was found that total AsA levels in the healing wound of the animals in AsA-supplemented groups were almost similar to those in intact skin, respectively. However, DAsA levels in the healing wounds on day 4 of the healing period are significantly higher than those not only in the intact skin but also in the completely regenerated skin on day 14 of the healing period. From these results, it was suggested that the wound healing process was accompanied by the oxidation of AsA, moreover, the reduction of DAsA to AsA did not sufficiently occur in vivo.
We exposed human blood plasma and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to many different oxidative challenges and followed the temporal consumption of endogenous antioxidants in relation to the initiation of oxidative damage. Under all types of oxidizing conditions, ascorbic acid completely protects lipids in plasma and LDL against detectable peroxidative damage as assessed by a specific and highly sensitive assay for lipid peroxidation. Ascorbic acid proved to be superior to the other water-soluble plasma antioxidants bilirubin, uric acid, and protein thiols as well as to the lipoprotein-associated antioxidants alpha-tocopherol, ubiquinol-10, lycopene, and beta-carotene. Although these antioxidants can lower the rate of detectable lipid peroxidation, they are not able to prevent its initiation. Only ascorbic acid is reactive enough to effectively intercept oxidants in the aqueous phase before they can attack and cause detectable oxidative damage to lipids.
Interest in free radical events has stimulated speculation that their disorder may be involved in a number of diseases. The reduction of dioxygen to water involves several active intermediates. The control of this depends on the integrity of an enzymatic system that requires adequate intake of selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese; if their level of intake is low, proliferation of active oxygen metabolites may occur. Targets for attack are DNA, proteins, and polyunsaturated phospholipids. Peroxidation of polyunsaturated phospholipids will result in disruption of membrane architecture. Vitamin E, perhaps with ascorbic acid, can prevent this, and vitamin A and beta-carotene also intervene. The implication of this in the etiology of a number of diseases depends on theory and on evidence linking low intake of the antioxidant nutrients with a high disease incidence. Improvements in epidemiology have resulted in glimpses into what may prove to be links between diet and disease.
A novel screening method for melanin biosynthesis inhibitors using Streptomyces bikiniensis NRRL B-1049 as the indicator organism has been developed. Several known compounds, including tyrosinase inhibitors, were found to inhibit melanin production of S. bikiniensis on agar plates. This screening method was applied to fermentation broths of actinomycetes and several cultures with melanin biosynthesis inhibitory activity were found.
Procollagen biosynthesis and matrix deposition were studied in long-term human skin fibroblast cultures exposed to ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid specifically stimulated types I and III collagen synthesis, reaching a maximum at day 2 and maintaining a specific high rate of production until day 10 of ascorbate exposure, after which collagen production declined. The increased level of collagen synthesis after different exposure times could also be achieved by only brief treatment (10 h) of parallel scorbutic (ascorbic-acid-deficient) cultures with ascorbic acid. This brief exposure did not result in increased collagen mRNA, thus demonstrating that the ascorbate-induced increase in collagen synthesis at all stages of ascorbic acid exposure was due to post-transcriptional mechanisms, most likely a rapid increase in type 1 collagen mRNA translational efficiency. This mechanism, rather than the transcriptional activation, was the primary response and is adequate to explain the ascorbate-induced increase in collagen synthesis. These data also demonstrate that the presence of a collagenous extracellular matrix was not involved in this collagen biosynthetic regulation. During long-term exposure (18 days) to ascorbic acid, a substantial cross-linked collagenous matrix formed, following an approximately sigmoidal time course. The most rapid matrix deposition occurred during the later days of exposure when the rate of collagen synthesis was decreasing, suggesting that the presence of a pre-existing matrix is important for further collagen accumulation. Procollagen was also efficiently processed to collagen during this phase, demonstrating that efficient procollagen processing is an important regulatory event in collagen matrix deposition.
An anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) phenolic constituent, licopyranocoumarin (4), and two other new phenolics named licoarylcoumarin (5) and glisoflavone (6) were isolated from Si-pei licorice (a commercial licorice; root and stolon of Glycyrrhiza sp. from the north-western region of China) using droplet countercurrent chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography, and their structures were assigned based on chemical and spectroscopic data. Kaempferol 3-O-methyl ether (7) and licocoumarone (8) were also isolated from the licorice. The inhibitory effects of ten licorice phenolics on xanthine oxidase were examined. Licochalcone B (1), glycyrrhisoflavone (2), 8 and licochalcone A (19) showed 50% inhibition at the concentration of 1.3-5.6 x 10(-5) M.
The detergent-induced amplification of lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence of O2-, generated by xanthine oxidase or microsomal NADPH oxidase was studied. An assay system is described which is at least 10 times more sensitive than normal lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence due to the amplification by high concentrations of octylphenylpolyethylene glycol (Triton X-100). Compared to the superoxide dismutase-sensitive reduction of acetylated cytochrome c, a 3750-fold lower amount of microsomal protein was necessary to produce an O2- signal 10-fold above the background. In contrast to cytochrome c reduction, detergent-amplified chemiluminescence of lucigenin was completely inhibited by superoxide dismutase and therefore more selective for O2-. The membrane-bound and Triton X-100-solubilized NADPH oxidase from microsomes of macrophages was activated by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid and inhibited by Ca2+ and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The membrane-bound enzyme showed a Km value of 1.35 microM, which decreased to 0.95 microM after the addition of 12% (g/g) Triton X-100. The Km and Vmax values of soluble xanthine oxidase were not influenced by Triton X-100, indicating that the enzyme activities were not impaired by the high concentrations of detergent.
The rate of collagen synthesis relative to the rate of synthesis of noncollagen protein was determined in several lines of cultured fibroblasts using an assay which measures [14C]proline incorporation into the polypeptide chains of collagen. In this assay procedure, collagen is degraded by protease-free collagenase regardless of whether proline and lysine residues are hydroxylated, thus separating the process of polypeptide synthesis from hydroxylation. It was found that the relative rate of collagen synthesis in L-929 cells was approximately 0.8–1% at all stages of growth. There was no significant increase in the relative rate of collagen synthesis in stationary phase compared to log phase cells in the lines Balb 3T3, 3T6, 3T12, and Swiss mouse 3T6. In all cases, the absolute incorporation of [14C]proline into both collagen and noncollagen proteins expressed as radioactivity incorporated per milligram of cellular protein, was 2–10 times higher in log phase cells, depending on the line examined.
Studies with confluent human skin fibroblasts maintained in 0.5% serum supplemented medium have given new insight into the regulatory influences of ascorbate. These include a reduction of prolyl hydroxylase activity, a stimulation of lysyl hydroxylase activity, and an acceleration of collagen production. The lack of parallel between prolyl hydroxylase activity and collagen production indicates that the rate of collagen synthesis is not controlled by the level of prolyl hydroxylase.
In confluent human skin fibroblasts maintained in 0.5% serum-supplemented medium. L-ascorbate specifically stimulated the rate of incorporation of labeled proline into total collagenase-sensitive protein, without changing the specific activity of the intracellular free proline. This influence of ascorbate reached a maximum at 30 microM and continued for at least 4 days, resulting in a 4-fold increase. The ascorbate effect occurred in cells at both confluent and subconfluent densities and was evident at all serum concentrations from 0.5-20%. The effect was independent of duration of the radioactive pulse between 2-6 h. D-Ascorbate, D-isoascorbate, and L-dehydroascorbate also stimulated collagen synthesis but at considerably higher concentrations, i.e., 250-300 microM. The stimulation of collagen synthesis by ascorbate and its analogs was accompanied by a decline in prolyl hydroxylase activity and a rise in lysyl hydroxylase activity; again L-ascorbate was found to be most effective. Dimethyltetrahydropterine and L-lactate failed to produce these effects.
The distribution of L-ascorbic acid AA and dehydroascorbic acid DHA in wounded and intact skin of guinea pig was investigated to elucidate the utilization of AA during tissue regeneration. Male guinea pigs fed an AA-free diet for 14 days were surgically injured on the dorsal skin, followed by intraperitoneal supplementation of AA (0.5, 5 and 50 mg/day/animal) for 4 days. The wounded skin, its surroundings and intact skin in each animal were removed for the determination of AA, DHA and collagen. The collagen content in wounded and intact skin increased in dose-dependent manner up to 5 mg AA/day, although neither the wounded nor the intact skin of the group supplemented with 50 mg AA had a higher content of collagen than those supplemented with 5 mg. In each group, the wounded skin had only about half the collagen of intact skin. AA content in the wounded skin of the groups supplemented with 5 and 50 mg AA were significantly lower than that in the other parts of their skin, whereas DHA content in wounded skin increased markedly. These results indicate that other factors besides collagen synthesis may enhance the oxidation of AA in the early stage of tissue regeneration.
Six phenolic antioxidative compounds [5-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid), 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin 3-galactoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-(6-malonylglucoside), and quercetin 3-(6-malonylgalactoside) (tentative)] were identified from the leaves of Corchorus olitorius L. (moroheiya) by NMR and FAB-MS. The contents of these phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid, and alpha-tocopherol in C. olitorius leaves were determined, and their antioxidative activities were measured using the radical generator-initiated peroxidation of linoleic acid. The results obtained showed that 5-caffeoylquinic acid was a predominant phenolic antioxidant in C. olitorius leaves.
Aroma characteristics of neungee
- Oj Jeong
- Hs Yoon
- Min
- Oj Jeong
- Hs Yoon
- Min
Effects of the substances extracted from dried mushroom by several organic solvents on the stability of fat
- Sj Ma
- Sj Ma
Anticancer activities of the extract from the mycelia of Coriolus versicolor
- Bw Lee
- Ms Lee
- Km Park
- Ch Kim
- Pu Ahn
- Choi
- Bw Lee
- Ms Lee
- Km Park
- Ch Kim
- Pu Ahn
- Choi
Antimutagenic effects of juices from edible Korean wild herbs
- Ss Ham
- Jk Hong
- Lee
- Ss Ham
- Jk Hong
- Lee
Effects of polyphenol or vitamin C ingestion on antioxidative activity during exercise in rats
- Td Kwon
- Sw Choi
- Sj Lee
- Kw Chung
- Lee
- Td Kwon
- Sw Choi
- Sj Lee
- Kw Chung
- Lee
Studies on the nutritional components of mushroom (Sarcodon aspratus)
- Sh Lee
- Nw Kim
- Shin
- Sh Lee
- Nw Kim
- Shin
Screening of tyrosinase inhibitor from plants
- Sw Jung
- Nk Lee
- Sj Kim
- Han
- Sw Jung
- Nk Lee
- Sj Kim
- Han
Studies on the nutritive value of Korean foods (X VI)
- Hh Kwon
- Ib Kim
- Sh Kim
- Es Kim
- Jh Kim
- Yu
- Hh Kwon
- Ib Kim
- Sh Kim
- Es Kim
- Jh Kim
- Yu
Analysis of general composition, polyphenols and amino acids in Sarcodon aspratus
- Yh Kim
- Oh
- Yh Kim
- Oh
Effects of water soluble extract of Ganoderma lucidum, kale juice and sodium dextrothyroxine on hormone and lipid metabolism in hypercholesterolemic rats 1. Concentrations of triodothyronine, thyroxine, blood sugar and lipid composition in serum
- Kim Sy Chung
- Sh
- Hs Kim
- Js Kang
- Hs Cheong
- Gj Kim
- Kim
- Kim Sy Chung
- Sh
- Hs Kim
- Js Kang
- Hs Cheong
- Gj Kim
- Kim
Analysis of nutritional components in Pleurotus ferulea
- Kh Hong
- By Kim
- Kim
- Kh Hong
- By Kim
- Kim
Studies on biological activity from extract of Crataegi fructus
- Bj Ann
- Lee
- Bj Ann
- Lee
Antimicrobial effect of methanol extracts from some medicinal herbs and content of phenolic compounds
- Js Moon
- Sj Kim
- Ym Par
- Is Hwang
- Ey Kim
- Jw Park
- Ib Park
- Sw Kim
- Wg Kang
- Yk Park
- Jung
- Js Moon
- Sj Kim
- Ym Par
- Is Hwang
- Ey Kim
- Jw Park
- Ib Park
- Sw Kim
- Wg Kang
- Yk Park
- Jung
A study on the application of cosmetic materials and the physiological activities of Forsythia koreana Nakai
- Jo Sh Wa Jung
- Jh Son
- Se Choi
- Ci Park
- Ic Lee
- Bj An
- Ar Son
- Sk Kim
- Ys Kim
- Lee
- Jo Sh Wa Jung
- Jh Son
- Se Choi
- Ci Park
- Ic Lee
- Bj An
- Ar Son
- Sk Kim
- Ys Kim
- Lee