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ESPOSIZIONE AL RUMORE DEGLI ARBITRI NON PROFESSIONISTI
Abstract
L’attenzione verso il rischio derivante dall’esposizione al rumore in settori non industriali, come quello scolastico e della musica, ha dimostrato come, anche nell’ambito di attività di carattere antropico possano determinarsi condizioni di esposizione rischiose per la salute degli individui. Tra queste tipologie, l’arbitraggio svolto da giudici di gara non professionisti, merita notevole interesse, sia per gli alti livelli di esposizione a cui questi sono esposti, che per la natura extralavorativa e volontaria della prestazione svolta. Misure dosimetriche effettuate durante lo svolgimento di partite del campionato dilettanti di pallacanestro su arbitri non professionisti hanno dimostrato come i livelli di esposizione di gara raggiungono valori molto elevati (circa 100 dB(A)), con una spiccata presenza di eventi impulsivi derivanti dall’utilizzo del fischietto per tutta la durata dell’incontro (circa 1.5-2h). Le misure sono presentate in termini di livelli di esposizione giornaliera e settimanale.
... This work is based on field measurements which were carried out by equipping a referee with a noise dosimeter during four basketball matches of the Italian amateur basketball league [17]. Furthermore, by using a Head And Torso Simulator (HATS), two laboratory sessions were carried out in order to quantify the differences between the measurement set-up used in the field and the set-up outlined in ISO 9612. ...
Dosimetric measurements carried out on basketball referees have shown that whistles not only generate very high peak sound pressure levels, but also play a relevant role in determining the overall exposure to noise of the exposed subjects. Because of the peculiar geometry determined by the mutual positions of the whistle, the microphone and the ear, experimental data cannot be directly compared with existing occupational noise exposure and/or action limits. In this paper an original methodology, which allows experimental results to be reliably compared with the aforementioned limits is presented. The methodology is based on the use of two correction factors to compensate the effects of the position of the dosimeter microphone (fR) and of the sound source (fS). Correction factors were calculated by means of laboratory measurements for two models of whistles (Fox 40 Classic and Fox 40 Sonik) and for two head orientations (frontal and oblique). Results show that for peak sound pressure levels the values of fR and fS, are in the range -8.3 to -4.6 dB and -6.0 to -1.7 dB respectively. If one considers the Sound Exposure Levels (SEL) of whistle events, the same correction factors are in the range -8.9 to -5.3 dB and -5.4 to -1.5 dB respectively. The application of these correction factors shows that the corrected weekly noise exposure level for referees is 80.6 dB(A), which is slightly in excess of the lower action limit of the 2003/10/EC directive, and a few dB below the Recommended Exposure Limit (REL) proposed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). The corrected largest peak sound pressure level is 134.7 dB(C) which is comparable to the lower action limit of the 2003/10/EC directive, but again substantially lower than the ceiling limit of 140 dB(A) set by NIOSH.
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