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J. Bot. Res. Inst. Texas 7(2): 803 – 819. 2013
FLORA AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHY OF THE
CAÑÓN DE ITURBIDE, NUEVO LEON, MEXICO
María Magdalena Salinas-Rodríguez and
Eduardo Estrada-Castillón José Ángel Villarreal-Quintanilla
Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro Buenavista, Saltillo
Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Coahuila, MEXICO
de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
Linares, Nuevo León, MEXICO
manesalinas@outlook.com
abstr act
The Cañón de It urbide comprises folded mountains of sedimenta ry origin loc ated in the Sierra Madre Orient al physiographic province in
southeastern Nuevo León, and northeastern Mexico, in the Iturbide, Galean a, and Li nares municipalities. This well preserved forest area
has been considered by Arriaga-Cabrera et al. (2000) as the Priority Terrestrial Region 82. A floristic survey was conducted to prov ide a
vouchere d vascula r plant list al ong with vegeta tion type s of this impo rtant cons ervation ar ea. In 30 sampl ing points, we r ecorded 113 fami-
lies, 410 genera, and 768 taxa, (698 species and 70 in fraspecific taxa). From this total, 128 specie s belong to the fam ily Asteraceae, 99 to
Fabace ae, and 55 to Poaceae. The phy togeography o f the area corr esponds ma inly to neotr opical, nearc tic, and autocht honous specie s from
arid l ands, bas ed on Rzedowsk i’s (1962, 1978) class ification. A ccording to a clu ster analy sis and dendr ogram, ba sed on presenc e-absence of
specie s, five ma in groups of pl ant assoc iations a re recogni zed: xer ic scrubla nds, oak-pi ne forest (with d ifferent pl ant asso ciations), piedmo nt
scrub, Ta maulipan t horn scrub an d agricult ural lands (M iranda & Her nández 1963; Rz edowski 1978).
key words: Cañón de Iturbide, flora, phytogeography, northeast Mex ico
resum en
El área denomin ada Cañón de Itur bide es un conjunto de s ierras plegad as de origen sediment ario situad as en la región f isiográf ica de la Si-
erra M adre Oriental al sureste del e stado de Nuevo León y noreste de Mé xico, la cual abarca los mu nicipios de Iturbide, Gale ana y Linares.
Ésta zona bosc osa, bien conse rvada, ha si do considerad a por Arriag a-Cabrera et al . (2000), como la Re gión Terrestre P rioritar ia 82. La pre-
sente in vestigació n consistió e n la explorac ión de dicho sit io para hacer u n reconocim iento taxonóm ico de las es pecies de f lora vascu lar que
componen s us tipos de veget ación. En 30 puntos de muestre o estratif icado fueron reg istrada s 113 fami lias, 410 géneros y 768 ta xones (698
especies y 70 taxones int raespecíficos). De este tot al, 128 pertenecen a la familia Asteraceae, 99 a Fabace ae y 55 a Poaceae. L a fitogeografía
del áre a corresp onde princi palmente a e species ne otropical es, neárt icas y autóc tonas de zon as árida s, en base a l a clasif icación de R zedowski
(1962, 1978). De acuerdo c on el análi sis de congl omerados y el de ndrogra ma basado e n la presenc ia-ause ncia de esp ecies, se re conocen cinc o
grup os principa les de asoci aciones vegeta les: matorr ales xerófilo s, bosques de e ncino y pino (con difer entes asoci aciones veget ales), mator-
rale s submontanos, m atorral es pinoso tam aulipeco y ti erras agr ícolas (Mir anda y Herná ndez 1963; Rzedow ski, 1978).
palabras clave: Cañón de Iturbi de, flora, fit ogeografí a, Noreste de Méx ico
int roduction
The Cañón de Iturbide area is lo cated at the Gran Sier ra Plegada in the State of Nuevo Leon and ranges from 700
to 2,900 m in elevation. The area is covered by forests and shrublands, in relatively good condition, and whose
floristic components have not been studied deeply. The National Commission for the Knowledge and Use of
Biodiversity (CONABIO) has design ated it as the Priority Terrestrial Region 82. It represents an important area
in the corridor of the Sierra Mad re Oriental, connecting t he preserved forests for the transit of c arnivorous spe-
cies such as black bear (Ursus americanus), cougar (Puma concolor), jaguar (Panthera onca), and jaguarundi
(Puma yagouaroundi). It also serves as a migration cor ridor to the maroon-fronted parrot (Rhynchopsitta terrisi)
which is endemic to the northern Sierra Madre Oriental. This study aims to contr ibute to the knowledge of the
regional flora and its origin.
804 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7(2)
met hods
Study area
The study was carried out in the Priority Terrestrial Region 82 (Arriaga-Cabrera et al. 2000). It embraces a
surface area of 42,200 ha (Fig. 1) and is located at 24°40'19"–24°55'43"N and 99°45'36"–99°59'50"W. Its geolo-
gy is constituted mainly of sedimentary calcareous, folded, anticlinal and sy nclinal rock layers from the upper
cretaceous (Rzedowski 1978), giving rise to steep sierras with narrow central valleys. The dissolution of the
rock by water has formed narrow canyons within the Cañón de Iturbide study area such as El Potosí, Jaures,
Caribeño, Venado, Cañón Seco, Las Monedas, Pablillo, and La Escondida, as well as several important moun-
tains, such as Sierra La Muralla, Sierra Borrada, Sierra Cieneguita, Sierra El Gabacho, Sierra El Novillo, and
Sierra Santa María (INEGI 1986, 2010). The area is part of the San Fernando-Soto la Marina hydrographic re-
gion, in the Río San Fernando hydrographic subregion, and the Río Conchos-Chorreras basin (CONAGUA
2007). The climate varies from warm (low parts) to temperate (higher parts), and from wet to dry, in this case
from East to West respectively. Climatic differences are caused by the Sierra Madre Oriental rising from the
Llanura Costera del Golfo Norte (Gulf Coastal Plain) toward the Altiplano Mexicano (Mexican Plateau), pro-
ducing a condensation effect, that generates rains in the eastern slope of the mountain chain s where fog occurs
commonly, while the we stern slopes develop a “rain shadow” w ith dry or semi-dry climate, forming low forest
of oaks, known also as chaparral. The study area has three main climate types: (A)C(w1) or semiwarm-subhu-
mi d, C(w0) or temperate subhumid, and BS1h(x’) or semiarid-temperate (García 1998). The main soils of the
area ar e shallow lithosol s, limited in dept h to 10 cm above bed rock (FAO-UNESCO 1988). The main vegetat ion
types are mixed forest (Quercus-Pinus), conifer forest (Pinus), broad leaf forest, piedmont scrub, xerophilous
scrublands, and chaparral (Alanís 2004; Velazco 2009).
Field and lab work
Thirty sample sites representing all the plant communities previously recognized were randomly selected and
georeferenced. Plant specimens were collected from July 2011 to April 2012. All specimens were deposited in
herbarium in the Faculty of Forest Sciences, Linares, Nuevo León, Mexico (CFNL). Taxa were identified using
several floristic studies for the area or nea r it as well as monographs for most genera (Banda 1974; Briones 1991;
Estrada 2007; Estrada et al. 2012; González 1972, 2003; Hernández 1998; Luna et al. 2004; Martínez & Díaz
Salas 1995; González-Medrano 1972; Mickel & Smith 2004; Puig 1991; Rojas 1965; Velazco 2009; Villarreal &
Estrada 2008). We also consulted and used the databases for the CFNL herbarium, Hinton Herbarium (Gale-
ana, N.L.), and TEX/LL, (Austin, Texas).
Sampled sites were compared according to their plant diversity. A species matrix based on presence
(1)-absence (0) data was used for comparison among sites using Sörensen Similarity Coefficient (Mueller-
Dumbois & Ellenberg 1974) by means of the polythetic agglomerative technique (Gauch 1982; Manly 1990)
and the UPGMA method was used for cluster analysis, using the MVSP Package (KCS 2005). Vegetation types
are according to Miranda & Hernández-Xolocotzi (1963) and Rzedowski (1978). Floristic affinities are accord-
ing to (Rzedowski 1962, 1978), Hernández-Xolocotzi (1953), Briones (1991), and García (2009).
results and di sc ussion
Floristic composition
A total of 113 families, 410 genera, 698 species, and 70 infraspecific taxa of vascular plants were recorded.
(Table 1, Appendix). Families with the highest number of genera, highest number of species, and genera with the
highest number of species are shown in Tables 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Seven of the families (6%) include 43% and
49% of the gene ra and species, r espectively, while t he twelve most diversi fied genera include 23% of the t otal genera.
The Magnoliophyta are the most common plants in Cañón de Iturbide, while Coniferophyta and Cycadophyta are
the less diversified groups. The Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Poaceae families are the most diversified families, and
Desmodium (13), Euphorbia (12), Dalea (9), and Quercus (10) stand out as the most diversified genera.
Salinas-R. et al., Flora of Cañón de Iturbide, Mexico 805
Origin of the flora and phytogeography
The most common genera in the study area are from arid areas of the world and from Tropical America (Table
5). The piedmont scrub community contains the highest number of genera. This type of vegetation is located
in lower parts of the area, at the foot of the mountains, in transition with Tamaulipan thorn scrub, and it is
common to find genera from war m areas such as Acacia, Bauhinia, Berberis, Zanthoxylum, Eheretia, and Phoebe,
as well as those belonging to the American tropics such as Acaciella, Casimiroa, Caesalpinia, Amyris, Condalia,
Cordia, Decatropis, Esenbeckia, Eysenhardtia, Gochnatia, Helietta, Persea, and Schaefferia. Commonly found
herbaceous species are Abutilon, Acalypha, Indigofera, Waltheria, Phyllanthus, Priva, Tragia, Capsicum, Course-
tia, Gilia, Lantana, Mimosa, Passiflora, and Verbesina.
Several genera with nearctic and temperate affinity are most commonly found in the oak-pine forests and
chapar ral communitie s, in the highest parts of t he mountains and in the western flan ks, where it is common to
find Pinus and Quercus as the dominant tree layer elements, associated with shrubby genera such as Juniperus,
Fraxinus, Cercis, Ceanothus, Prunus, Crataegus, Garrya, and Juglans, while the herbaceous layer is mainly rep-
resented by Aster, Conopholis, Hedeoma, Hymenoxys, Asclepias, Centaurium, Evolvulus, Hackelia, Packera, Par-
thenocissus, Philadelphus, Tagetes, Taraxacum, Urtica, Vitis, Artemisia, and Er yngium, among others. Also, in the
Chapa rral commun ity, Quercus is the genus dominant in the shrub layer, along w ith several genera of Rosaceae
typical of temperate and dry areas such as Amelanchier, Cercocarpus, Cowania, Crataegus, Vauquelinia, and
Lindleya.
The pure oak forests found in the study area have an important mix of neotropical elements followed by
Fig.1. Study area of Cañón de Iturbide, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
806 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7(2)
Table 1. Principal groups of vascular plants recorded in the study area.
Families Genera Species Infraspecific categories
Pteridophyta 8 15 25 3
Coniferophyta 2 2 8 -
Cycadophyta 1 1 1 -
Monocotyledonae 17 51 92 7
Dicotyledoneae 85 341 572 60
TOTAL 113 410 698 70
Table 2. Families with the highest number of genera in the study area.
Family Number of genera
Asteraceae 63
Fabaceae 41
Poaceae 28
Malvaceae 11
Cactaceae 9
Euphorbiaceae 9
Boraginaceae 8
Table 3. Families with the highest number of species in the study area.
Families Number of species
Asteraceae 128
Fabaceae 99
Poaceae 54
Cactaceae 26
Euphorbiaceae 26
Malvaceae 20
Solanaceae 17
Table 4. Genera with the highest number of species in the study area.
Genera Number of species
Desmodium 13
Euphorbia 12
Quercus 10
Dalea 9
Ageratina 8
Agave 7
Brickellia 7
Rhus 7
Erigeron 6
Ipomoea 6
Mimosa 6
Muhlenbergia 6
Salinas-R. et al., Flora of Cañón de Iturbide, Mexico 807
Table 5. Origin and number of genera recorded by plant community in Cañón de Iturbide.
Calid Temperate Cosmopolitan Mexican Neotropical Nearctic
Submontane scrub 87 21 18 10 101 42
Chaparral 15 39 10 2 14 47
Mixed forest 21 65 18 6 27 39
Oak forest 57 58 19 10 69 40
Xerophytic scrub 16 15 13 18 17 35
Gallery Forest 24 24 9 1 12 9
nearctic origin elements. The former are much better represented in the herbaceous layer by the genera Agera-
tina, Begonia, Bouvardia, Castilleja, Cheilanthes, Cologania, Desmanthus, Desmodium, Mimosa, Phaseolus, Rivina,
Salvia, and Stevia, and several vines such as Gonolobus, Ibervillea, Matelea, Melothria, Serjania, and Smilax. Ele-
ments from temperate origin distributed in the study area are Arbutus, Carya, Celtis, Cercis, Pistacia, Prunus,
Quercus, and Ungnadia. It is noteworthy the presence of ferns such as Adiantum, Anemia, Asplenium, Cheilan-
thes, Llavea, Mildella, Pellaea, and Pleopeltis because many are epiphytes adapted to live on the bark of the oaks
and among the litter that keeps the moisture they need to thrive.
The southwestern portion of the study area is in the “rain shadow” of the sierra and shows evident semi-
arid conditions that favor the development of desert scrub plant communities, which include mostly nearctic
genera, highlighting species of Ambrosia, Baccharis, Bahia, Bouteloua, Dasylirion, Dyssodia, Lesquerella, Leuco-
phyllum, Machaeranthera, Mortonia, and Nissolia. Also, the xerophytic vegetation hosts the greater number of
typic al Mexican gener a such as Agave, Ferocactus, Glandulicactus, Mammillaria, Thelocactus, Turbinicarpus, and
Yucca.
Riparian communities are found along seasonal and permanent rivers and also in some creeks with sea-
sonal streams that retain moisture. The most common genera from warm-areas found in these ecosystems are
Commelina, Cyperus, Digitaria, Oplismenus, and Paspalum, but also present are genera with cosmopolitan dis-
tribut ions such as Apium, Eleocharis, Lobelia, Rumex, and Samolus, and even genera from temperate origin such
as Arundo, Astranthium, Coriandrum, Equisetum, Geranium, Iris, Rorippa, Seymeria, and Tal inu m. The most evi-
dent and distinctive genera in the tree layer of the riparian areas are Platanus, Salix, and Sambucus.
According to the cluster analysis and the dendrogram (Fig. 2), based on presence-absence of species, five
main groups of plant associations are recognized: xeric scrublands, oak-pine forest (with different plant asso-
ciations), piedmont scrub, Tamaulipan thorn scrub and agricultural lands (Rzedowski 1978; Miranda &
Hernández 1963).
Group I includes three sites located at xeric scrubland at an elevation of 1310 to 1500 m and is repre-
sented by the presence of the species Acacia berlandieri, A. roemeriana, Agave lecheguilla, A. striata, Berberis
trifoliolata, Echinocereus platyacanthus, Euphorbia antysiphilitica, Ferocactus hamatacanthus, Fraxinus greggii,
Gochnatia hypoleuca, Jatropha dioica, Opuntia engelmannii, Prosopis laevigata, Tecoma stans, and Yucca filifera.
Group II is a heterogeneous complex of site s where oaks and pine s are the dominant elements at an eleva-
tion of 600 to 2000 m; however, it shows floristic differences. It includes six subgroups of plant associations.
Subgroup IIA includes two sites dominated by 10–15 m tall pure oak-pine temperate forests at an elevation of
1000 m. The dominates include Quercus affinis, Q. canbyi, Q. laceyi, Q. polymorpha, Pinus cembroides, P. pseu-
dostrobus, associated to Carya ovata, Cercis canadensis, Juglans mollis, Juniperus deppeana, Pistacia mexicana,
and Verbesina olsenii. Subgroup IIB, made up of five sites (elevation of 1100 to 1500 m) and consists of a semi-
dry oak scrubland in transition with pine forest. Subgroup IIb is similar to the Subgroup IIA but with a greater
number of Rosaceae species. The dominant species in this subgroup are Amelanchier de nticulata, A. paniculata ,
Amyris madrensis, Buddleja cordata, Ceanothus fendleri, C. greggii, Dalea capitata, D. melantha, D, lutea, Junipe-
rus angosturana, J. flaccida, Lindleya mespilioides, Pinus cembroides, P. pseudostrobus, Pistacia mex icana, Quercus
fusiformis, Q. galeanensis, Q. laeta, Q. microlepis, Q. sideroxyla, Q. striatula, and Rhus virens. These sites are
808 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7(2)
mainly located at 1600 to1900 m altitude. Subgroup IIC includes three sites of an oak-forest and piedmont
scrub physiognomy, and constitutes a heterogeneous plant community where low trees (8–10 m) and tall
shrubs (3–6 m) coexist. The main species found here are Acacia coulteri, Casimiroa pringlei, C. greggii, Cordia
boissieri, Decatropis bicolor, Esenbeckia berlandieri, Juglans mollis, Persea longipes, Phoebe tampicensis, Quercus
polymorpha, Q. rizophylla, Ungnadia speciosa, and Zanthoxylum fagara. This plant community develops in me-
dium altitudes from 600 to 850 m. A small Subgroup IID includes three sites constituting a pine-oak forest
similar to those of Subgroup IIA but with a greater number of Pinus species as dominant, including Arbutus
xalapensis, Berberis madrensis, Buddleia scordioides, Carya illinoinensis, Crataegus rosei, Fraxinus cuspidata,
Garrya ovata, Juniper us flaccida, Pinus greggii, P. peudostrobus P. strobiformis, P. teocote, Prunus serotina , Quercus
galeanensis, Q. rizophylla, and Rhus pachyrrachis. These sites are located at 1320 to 2000 m. Subgroup IIE con-
sists of only one site characterized by xer ic oak scrubland and dominated an elevat ion of 1400 m by Agave l ech-
Fig. 2. Classification of the 30 sites sampled based on presence-absence of species. Five main groups of plant associations are recognized: xeric scrublands,
oak-pine forest (with different plant associations), piedmont scrub, Tamaulipan thorn scrub and agricultural lands
Salinas-R. et al., Flora of Cañón de Iturbide, Mexico 809
eguilla, Comarostaphylis polifolia, Croton ciliato-glandulifer, Dasylirion berlandieri, Juniperus deppeana, O. engel-
mannii, Painteria eleachistophylla, Pistacia mexicana, Tecoma stans, Vauquelinia corymbosa ssp. heterodon, and
Yucca treculeana. Subgroup IIF included two sites of pure oak forest located at 750 to 950 m and is dominated
by Dioon angustifolium in the lower strata and by Juglans mollis, Esenbeckia berlandiri, Quercus canbyi, and Q.
rizophylla in the higher strata. Some epiphytes were also recorded such as Tillan dsia bartramii, T. recurvata, and
T. usneoides.
Group III include s six sites reaching 600 to 1100 m along the Cabezones-Potosi canyon, showing a 4–5 m
tall piedmont scrub physiognomy with abundant thorny and non-thorny species. Several species are charac-
teristic of this plant community, highlighting species of the genera Acacia, Bauhinia, Buddleja, Celtis, Cercis,
Colubrina, Cordia, Decatropis, Diospyros, Ebenopsis, Ehretia, Erythrina, Esenbeckia, Havardia, Helietta, Phoebe,
Ungnadia, and Zanthoxylum, but also, when adjacent riparian habitats, they share several species such as Adi-
antum capillus-veneris, Cyperus minimae, C. odoratus, C. thyrsiflorus, Equisetum hyemale, Lobelia cardinalis,
Platanus rzedo wskii, Roripp a nasturtium-a quaticum, Sambucu s nigra ssp. canade nsis, Salix jaliscana, and S. nigra,
as the most evident.
Group IV includes four sites located at medium altitudes ranging from 1500 to 1530 m in agriculture
lands in Laguna de Santa Rosa, and adjacent to the semi-dry oak scrubland. It is dominated by weed species in
the herbaceous strata such as Abutilon hypoleucum, Alternanthera caracasana, Amaranthus hybridus, Ambrosia
psilostachya, Anagallis arvensis, Anoda cristata, Astragalus hypoleucus, Argemone mexicana, Bidens ferulifolia,
Boerhavia anysophylla, Bouchetia erecta, Cirsium vulgare, Calyptocarpus vialis, Dyssodia papposa, Gaura coc-
cinea, Helianthus annus, Ipomoea coccinea, Kallstroemia parvifolia, Lactuca serriola, Meximalva filipes, Nicotiana
trigonophylla, Oe nothera rosea, Parthenium inca num, Ricinus communis , Solanum eleagnifolium, Taraxacum offici-
nale, Urtica chamaedryoides, Verbena carolina, and Zinnia peruviana.
Finally, Group V corresponds to a single site in the lowest part of the study area ranging from 600 to 650
m on the boundary with Tamaulipan thorny scrub. This group shows species not found in the other site´s
samples such as Acacia amentacea, Acaciella angustissima, Bernardia myricifolia, Caesalpinia mexicana, Capsi-
cum annuum var. minus, Canavallia villosa, Celtis laevigata, C. pallida, Colubrina greggii, Croton cortesianus, C.
fruticulosus, Dyospyros texana, Ehretia anacua, Hibiscus martianus,Karwinskia humboldtiana, Randia rhagocar-
pa, and Schaefferia cuniefolia.
Endemism and protection status
The study area hosts at least five endemic species for Nuevo León Mexican state: Notholaena leonina, living in
oak-pine forests, in the Cañón Arroyo Seco; Verbesina olsenii, inhabiting mainly oak forest, adapted to live in
moist ravines, near the Caracol Waterfall; Anoda leonensis, inhabiting piedmont scrub in transition to oak for-
ests, at La Palma and Cañón El Caribeño; Thelocactus tulensis, recorded in the rosetophyllous desert scrub,
found in dry slopes of mountains, near the tow n Potrero Pr ieto; and Cardamine aur iculata, inhabiting the pied-
mont scrub near Cañón El Caribeño. In addition Dioon ang ustifolium, is narrowly endemic to the mountains of
Iturbide and Linares counties in Nuevo León, and to the Sierra de San Carlos, Tamaulipas (Astorga et al 2005).
Also, as part of th is work, a new Asteraceae species was discovered: Verbesina lanulosa (in press), which lives in
the transition between the piedmont forest and oak forests near the settlement of La Salitrera. The new species
was recorded in the piedmont scrub on rocky hillsides, with high sun exposure. From the total species known
for this area we recorded seven species protected by Mexican laws (NOM - 059 SEM ARNAT 2010) (Table 6).
conc lusions
The heterogeneous topography and climates over all the study area allow for the development of rich plant
diversity as well as contrasting plant communities and different life forms. The plains, mountains, creeks, and
cliffs create different and variable ecosystems that are home to countless species of very different origins. The
classification of vegetation allowed us to recognize different patterns of plant association based on plant diver-
sity. The most diverse plant vegetation types were the oak and the oak-pine forest, although in this plant com-
munity were more sampling sites, our re sults agree with those of Estrad a (2007), who found that of all sampled
810 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7(2)
Table 6. Species protected by Mexican law in the study area.
Species Protection Status
Agave bracteosa S. Watson ex Engelm. Endemic and threatened
Brahea berlandieri Bartlett Endemic and special protection
Dioon angustifolium Miq. Endemic and endangered
Echinocactus platyacanthus Link & Otto Endemic and special protection
Litsea glauscecens Kunth Non endemic and endangered
Pinus strobiformis Engelm. Non endemic and special protection
Thelocactus tulensis (Poselger) Britton & Rose Endemic and threatened
vegetation types (which are close to our st udy area), mixed forests of oak and conifer always kept gre ater diver-
sity of species. Nearby areas with similar plant communities are found in the south of Nuevo Leon (Cerro Peña
Nevada) and Tamaulipas (Sierra de San Carlos), and both of them contain shrub and forest communities. In
Peña Nevada, Moreno-Talamantes (2012) recorded 485 taxa, most of them of nearctic origin, while in the Si-
erra de San Carlos, Martinez (1995) recorded 676 taxa, most of them from neotropical origin: The Cañón de
Iturbide shares strong similarities with both of them, but its flora is richer in diversity since it has all ecosys-
tems found in both areas, and it can be highlighted as an area for conservation of its plant diversity and its en-
demism. Five endemic species in the State of Nuevo Leon were recorded in the area: Anoda leonensis, Carda-
mine auriculata, Dioon angustifolium, Notholaena leonina, Thelocactus tulensis, and Verbesina olsenii. From the
768 taxa recorded, seven of them are protected by NOM 059-SEMARNAT-2010: Agave bracteosa, Brahea ber-
landier i, Dioon angustifolium, Echinocactus platyacanthus, Litsea glauscecens, Pinus strobiformis, and Thelocactus
tulensis. The discovery of a new species, Verbesina lanulosa (in press), in this area shows that still more botani-
cal work is necessary to complete the floristic studies of northeastern Mexico. The plant diversity recorded in
the Cañón de Iturbide includes genera and species from different origins, but the tropical elements are quanti-
tatively the most important ones, since they represent about 52% of families, 68% of genera, and 32% of the
species, and they are well represented in the different plant communities, especially piedmont scrub, oak for-
est, and oak-pine forests.
appendix
Floristic list of the Cañón de Iturbide, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. All specimens are deposited in the Herbarium
CFNL (Linares, Nuevo Leon, Mexico).
PTERIDOPHYTA
Anemiaceae
Anemia mexicana Klotzsch, E.E. 21049, 21219.
Aspleniaceae
Asplenium resiliens Kunze, M.S. 59.
Equisetaceae
Equisetum hyemale L. var. affine (Engelm.) A.A. Eaton, E.E. 21846.
Ophioglossaceae
Botrychium schaffneri Underw., M.S. 1374.
Polypodiaceae
Pleopeltis polylepis (Roem ex. Kunze) T. Moore var. erythrolepis
(Weath.) T. Wendt, E.E. 21880.
Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) E.G. Andrews & Windham var. michaux-
ianum (Weath) E.G. Andrews & Windham, E.E. 21206; M.S. 497.
Pleopeltis thyssanolepis (A. Braun ex Klotszch) E.G. Andrews &
Windham, M.S. 732.
Pteridaceae
Adiantum capillus-veneris L. E.E. 21435, 21888.
Adiantum tricholepis Fée, E.E. 21209, 1257.
Astrolepis integerrima (Hook.) D.M. Benham & Windham E.E. 21181,
21622.
Astrolepis sinuata (Lag. ex Sw.) D.M. Benham & Windham M.S. 14,
M.S. 474
Chelianthes alabamensis (Buckley) Kunze, E.E. 21599
Cheilanthes bonariensis (Willd.) Proctor E.E. 21180.
Cheilanthes leucopoda Link, E.E. 21860.
Cheilanthes microphylla (Sw.) Sw., E.E. 21145, 21210, 21604.
Llavea cordifolia Lag., E.E. 21138, 21504, 21626, 21904.
Mildella fallax (M. Martens & Galeotti) G.L. Nesom E.E. 21120.
Notholaena bryopoda Maxon, E.E. 21051.
Notholaena leonina Maxon, E.E. 21228.
Notholaena standleyi Maxon, M.S. 1413.
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link, E.E. 21153.
Pellaea microphylla Mett. ex Kuhn, M.S. 52.
Pellaea ovata, (Desv.) Weath. E.E. 21859.
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn, E.E. 21502, 21887.
Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon, M.S. 1618.
Selaginellaceae
Selaginella lepidophylla (Hook. & Grev.) Spring, E.E. 21075, 21610.
Selaginella pilifera A. Braun, E.E. 21076, 21244, 21881.
Salinas-R. et al., Flora of Cañón de Iturbide, Mexico 811
Thelypteridaceae
Thelypteris puberula (Baker) C.V. Morton, M.S. 1094.
GYMNOSPERMAE
Cupressaceae
Juniperus angosturana R.P. Adams., M.S. 309.
Juniperus depeanna Steud., E.E. 21667.
Juniperus flaccida Schltdl., E.E. 21624.
Pinaceae
Pinus cembroides Zucc., E.E. 21603.
Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl., M.S. 1459.
Pinus pseudostrobus, Lindl. E.E. 20894, 260.
Pinus strobiformis Engelm., M.S. 1403.
Pinus teocote Schltdl. & Cham, M.S. 261.
Zamiaceae
Dioon angustifolium Miq., E.E. 21233, 238.
MONOCOTYLEDONEAE
(16 families and 50 genera)
Agavaceae
Agave americana L., M.S. 636, 674, 677.
Agave americana L. ssp. protoamericana Gentry, M.S. 731.
Agave bracteosa S. Watson ex Engelm., M.S. 1505.
Agave lecheguilla Torr., M.S. 240.
Agave gentry B. Ullrich, M.S. 713.
Agave scabra Ortega, E.E. 21621, 957.
Agave striata Zucc. M.S. 743.
Yucca filifera Chabaud, M.S. 654.
Yucca linearifolia Clary, M.S. 1476.
Yucca treculeana Carrière, M.S. 632.
Alliaceae
Allium kunthii G. Don, M.S. 1171.
Amaryllidaceae
Zephyranthes drummondii D. Don, E.E. 21913.
Anthericaceae
Echeandia flavescens (Schult. & Schult. f.) Cruden, M.S. 883.
Echeandia mexicana Cruden, M.S. 1514.
Araceae
Xanthosoma robustum Schott, M.S. 232.
Arecaceae
Brahea berlandieri Bartlett, M.S. 1110.
Brahea dulcis (Kunth) Mart, E.E. 21273a.
Bromeliaceae
Hechtia podantha Mez, M.S. 1246.
Tillandsia bartramii Elliott, E.E. 21196, 21743.
Tillandsia parryi Baker, E.E. 21222.
Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L., E.E. 21098.
Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L., E.E. 21235.
Commelinaceae
Commelina erecta L., E.E. 21923.
Commelina tuberosa L., E.E. 21087.
Tradescantia crassifolia Cav. M.S. 55.
Tradescantia pringlei S. Watson, M.S. 1288, M.S. 1558.
Cyperaceae
Carex spissa L.H. Bailey var. ultra (L.H. Bailey) Kük, E.E. 21897.
Carex schiedeana Kunze, E.E. 21806.
Cyperus manimae Kunth, E.E. 21239, 21266.
Cyperus odoratus L., M.S. 1288.
Cyperus thyrsiflorus Jungh., M.S. 1603.
Eleocharis montevidensis Kunth E.E. 21812.
Hypoxidaceae
Hypoxis mexicana Schult. & Schult., M.S. 1359.
Liliaceae
Calochortus barbatus (Kunth) J.H. Painter, M.S. 1548.
Melanthiaceae
Schoenocaulon macrocarpum Brinker, E.E. 21158.
Schoenocaulon texanum Scheele, E.E. 21189.
Nolinaceae
Dasylirion berlandieri S. Watson, M.S. 785, M.S. 1018.
Dasylirion leiophyllum Engelm, ex Trel., M.S. 1018.
Dasylirion texanum Scheele, M.S. 865.
Orchidaceae
Malaxis fastigiata (Rchb. f.) Kuntze, M.S. 297.
Mesadenus chiangii (M.C. Johnst.) Garay, M.S. 1404.
Poaceae
Achnatherum eminens (Cav.) Barkworth, M.S. 592.
Agrostis verticillata Vill., E.E. 21869, 21885; M.S. 1412.
Andropogon scoparius Michx., E.E. 21118.
Aristida pansa Wooton & Standl., M.S. 27.
Aristida purpurea Nutt. var. purpurea, E.E. 21047, 21052, 21058;
M.S. 60.
Aristida roemeriana Scheele, E.E. 21255; M.S. 1356.
Aristida schiedeana Trin. & Rupr. var. schiedeana, M.S. 60.
Arundo donax L., E.E. 21765.
Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lag.) Herter, M.S. 1034.
Bothriochloa saccharoides (Sw.) Rydb, M.S. 1169.
Botriochloa laguroides (DC.) Herter var. laguroides, M.S. 1605.
Bouteloua chondrosioides (Kunth) Benth. ex S. Watson, E.E. 21055a.
Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr., E.E. 21437, 21926.
Bouteloua repens (Kunth) Scribn. & Merr., E.E. 21199.
Bromus anomalus Rupr. ex E. Fourn., M.S. 347.
Cenchrus incertus M.A. Curtis, E.E. 21220.
Chloris submutica Kunth, M.S. 1375.
Digitaria bicornis (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. M.S. 1606.
Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koeler, E.E. 21152.
Digitaria cognata (Schult.) Pilg., E.E. 21724.
Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., M.S. 22.
Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vignollo ex Janch., E.E. 21264, 21272.
Eragrostis intemredia Hitchc., E.E. 21705.
Erioneuron nealleyi (Vasey) Tateoka, M.S. 26.
Leptochloa dubia (Kunth) Nees, M.S. 582.
Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth, M.S. 583.
Leptochloa mucronata (Michx.) Kunth, M.S. 584.
Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka, E.E. 21122, 21522, 21655.
Muhlenbergia dubia E. Fourn., E.E. 21500.
Muhlenbergia lehmanniana Henrard, E.E. 21174.
Muhlenbergia mexicana, (L.) Trin., E.E. 21119.
Muhlenbergia pauciflora Buckley, E.E. 21782.
Muhlenbergia repens (J. Presl) Hitchc., M.S. 47.
Muhlenberia spiciformis Trin., M.S. 1606.
Muhlenbergia tenuifolia Kunth (Kunth)., M.S. 1425.
Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. hirtellus, M.S. 235.
Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P. Beauv. ssp. setarius (Lam.) Mez ex Ek-
man, M.S. 257.
Panicum acuminatum Sw., E.E. 21729, 21905.
Panicum bulbosum Kunth, E.E. 21188.
Paspalum notatum Alain ex Flüggé, M.S. 3.
Paspalum publiflorum, Rupr.ex E. Fourn., E.E. 21825.
Paspalum setaceum Michx. var. ciliatifolium (Michx.) Vasey, M.S. 1585
Piptochaetium fimbriatum (Kunth) Hitchc., M.S. 1532
Poa annua L., E.E. 21441.
812 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7(2)
Poa pratensis L., M.S. 1321.
Setaria geniculata P. Beauv., E.E. 21443.
Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) K. Schum. M.S. 20, 845.
Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguelén, E.E. 21238.
Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv., E.E. 21438.
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., E.E. 21857.
Tragus berteronianus Schult., E.E. 21520.
Tridens pilosus (Buckley) Hitchc., E.E. 21057.
Tridens texanus (S. Watson) Nash, E.E. 21048.
Trisetum spicatum (L.) K. Richt., M.S. 1376.
Zea mays L., M.S. 1322.
Smilacaceae
Smilax bona-nox L., E.E. 21140.
Smilax lanceolata L., E.E. 21850.
Xanthorrhoeaceae
Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f., M.S. 209.
Asphodelus fistulosus L., E.E. 21601, 646.
DICOTYLEDONEAE
(85 families and 339 genera)
Acanthaceae
Carlowrightia texana Henrickson & T.F. Daniel, E.E. 21107, 21747;
M.S. 210.
Dyschoriste decumbens (A. Gray) Kuntze, M.S. 8.
Dyschoriste linearis (Torr. & A. Gray) Kuntze var. linearis, M.S. 1043.
Dyschoriste poliodes Leonard & Gentry , E.E. 21692, 21834.
Dyschoriste schiedeana (Nees) Kuntze var. schiedeana, M.S. 1174,
1388.
Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Pers., E.E. 21072, 21214.
Jacobinia incana (Nees) Hemsl., E.E. 21236; M.S. 248
Ruellia corzoi Tharp & F.A. Barkley, M.S. 534.
Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. & A. Gray) Urb., E.E. 21674.
Ruellia occidentalis (A. Gray) Tharp & F.A. Barkley, E.E. 21237.
Siphonoglossa greggii Greenm. & C. H. Thomps., E.E. 21201, 21204.
Tetramerium nervosum Nees, E.E. 21060; E.E. 21259
Adoxaceae
Sambucus nigra L. ssp canadensis (L.) R. Bolli, M.S. 1416.
Amaranthaceae
Alternanthera caracasana Kuntze, E.E. 21722; M.S. 1142.
Amaranthus hybridus L., E.E. 21780.
Iresine calea Standl., E.E. 21605.
Iresine cassiniiformis S. Schauer, E.E. 21745, 21855, 21903.
Iresine diffusa Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., E.E. 21170.
Anacardiaceae
Pistacia mexicana Kunth, E.E. 21211, 21596; M.S. 501
Rhus aromatica Aiton var. trilobata (Nutt.) A. Gray, E.E. 21901.
Rhus eximia (Greene) Standl., M.S. 273.
Rhus microphylla Engelm., E.E. 21771, 45.
Rhus pachyrrachis Hemsl., M.S. 267, 671.
Rhus radicans (L.) Kuntze, M.S. 248.
Rhus toxicodendron L. var. quercifolia Michx., M.S. 712.
Rhus virens Lindh. ex A. Gray var. virens, E.E. 21136, 21229, 21612.
Apiaceae
Apium graveolens L., E.E. 21442.
Coriandrum sativum L., M.S. 959, 1099.
Cyclospermum leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague, E.E. 21912.
Donnellsmithia juncea (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Spreng.) Mathias &
Constance, M.S. 1297.
Eryngium heterophyllum Engelm., M.S. 1451.
Tauschia aff. bicolor Constance & Bye, M.S. 1477.
Apocynaceae
Apocynum cannabinum L., M.S. 1421.
Asclepias angustifolia Schweigg., E.E. 21733, 21919.
Asclepias linaria Cav., E.E. 21797, 21820.
Asclepias linearifolia Pavon ex Decaisne in de Candolle pro syn.,
M.S. 1355.
Asclepias oenotheroides Schltdl. & Cham, M.S. 1463.
Asclepias verticillata L., M.S. 1369.
Cynanchum barbigerum (Scheele) Shinners, E.E. 21487.
Funastrum barbatum (Mart. ex E. Fourn.) Schltr., M.S. 1452.
Gonolobus gonoloboides (Greenm.) Woodson, M.S. 733, 906, 1095.
Mandevilla andrieuxii (Müll. Arg.) Hemsl., M.S. 1381.
Mandevilla karwinskii (Müll. Arg.) Hemsl., E.E. 21789.
Matelea pilosa (Benth.) Woodson, M.S. 1480.
Matelea reticulata (Engelm. ex A. Gray) Woodson, E.E. 21871.
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex rubra S. Watson, M.S. 282, 691.
Aristolochiaceae
Aristolochia wrightii Seem., M.S. 54.
Asteraceae
Acourtia runcinata (Lag. ex D. Don) B.L. Turner, E.E. 21616, 21619.
Ageratina espinosarum (A.Gray) R.M.RKing & H.RRob. var. espinosa-
rum, E.E. 21788; M.S. 224.
Ageratina espinosarum (A.Gray) R.M. King & H. Rob. var. subintegri-
folia A.Gray) R.M. King & H.RRob., M.S. 1607.
Ageratina havanensis (Kunth) R.M. King & H. Rob., E.E. 21858.
Ageratina nesomii B.L. Turner, M.S. 268a.
Ageratina petiolaris (Moc. ex DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob., M.S. 1529.
Ageratina saltillensis (B.L. Rob.) R.M. Kimg & H. Rob., E.E. 21154,
21161.
Ageratina scorodonioides (A. Gray) R.M. King & H. Rob., M.S. 1608.
Ageratina viburnoides (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob., E.E. 21481.
Ambrosia confertiflora DC., M.S. 376.
Ambrosia psilostachya DC., E.E. 21039, 21089
Aphanostephus ramosissimus DC., var. ramosissimus, E.E. 21708;
M.S. 56.
Aphanostephus ramosissimus DC., var. humilis (Benth.) B.L. Turner
& Birdsong, M.S. 1609.
Artemisia frigida Willd., M.S. 1431.
Aster asteroides (DC.) Kuntze, M.S. 590.
Astranthium splendens De Jong, M.S. 1554.
Baccharis pteronioides DC., M.S. 1433.
Baccharis salicina Torr. & A. Gray, E.E. 219121.
Bahia autumnalis Ellison, E.E. 21849, 21917.
Baltimora geminata (Brandegee) Stuessy, M.S. 1572.
Barkleyanthus salicifolius (Kunth) H. Rob. & Brettell, M.S. 714.
Berlandiera lyrata Benth. var. lyrata Benth., E.E. 21142.
Berlandiera lyrata Benth. var. macrophylla A. Gray, M.S. 1410.
Bidens ferulifolia (Jacq.) DC., M.S. 1415.
Bidens aurea (Aiton) Sherff, M.S. 853.
Brickellia eupatorioides (L.) Shinners var. chlorolepis (Woot. & Standl.)
B.L. Turner, E.E. 21217.
Brickellia grandiflora (Hook.) Nutt., M.S. 574.
Brickellia laciniata A. Gray, M.S. 1173.
Brickellia lemmonii A. Gray var. conduplicata (B.L. Rob.) B.L. Turner,
M.S. 1542.
Brickellia saltillensis B.L. Rob, M.S. 16.
Brickellia spinulosa (A. Gray) A. Gray, E.E. 21679.
Brickellia veronicifolia (Kunth) A. Gray, var. petrophila (B.L. Rob.) B.L.
Rob, M.S. 161, 512.
Calyptocarpus vialis Less., E.E. 21263, 21615, 21658.
Chaetopappa bellioides (A. Gray) Shinners, E.E. 21070, 21207, 21248.
Chaptalia texana Greene, M.S. 1464.
Salinas-R. et al., Flora of Cañón de Iturbide, Mexico 813
Chrysactinia mexicana A. Gray, M.S. 1426.
Chrysactinia truncata S. Watson, E.E. 21046.
Cirsium acrolepis (Petr.) G.B. Ownbey, M.S. 1547.
Cirsium pringlei (S. Watson) Petr., M.S. 1483, 1547.
Cirsium texanum Buckley, M.S. 1462.
Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten., M.S. 1083.
Dyssodia papposa (Vent.) Hitchc., M.S. 1518.
Dyssodia pinnata (Cav.) B.L. Rob., E.E. 21899, 21907.
Dyssodia pinnata (Cav.) B.L. Rob. var. glabrescens Strother, M.S. 1465.
Engelmannia pinnatifida Nutt., M.S. 1409.
Erigeron basilobatus S.F. Blake, M.S. 423.
Erigeron calcicola Greenm. M.S. 471.
Erigeron dryophyllus A. Gray, E.E. 21163.
Erigeron flagellaris A. Gray, M.S. 498.
Erigeron pulchellus Michx., M.S. 528.
Erigeron veracruzensis G.L. Nesom, E.E. 21128, 21177, 21183.
Gaillardia pulchella Foug., M.S. 1481.
Gnaphalium brachypterum DC., E.E. 21121.
Gnaphalium canescens DC., M.S. 311.
Gnaphalium chilense Spreng., M.S. 247, 453.
Gnaphalium flavocephalum G.L. Nesom E.E. 21131a.
Gnaphalium semiamplexicaule DC., M.S. 430.
Gochnatia hypoleuca (DC.) A. Gray, E.E. 21613, 21672.
Grindelia inuloides Willd. var. inuloides, M.S. 1041.
Grindelia microcephala DC., M.S. 1552.
Grindelia obovatifolia S.F. Blake, M.S. 1545.
Grindelia tenella Steyerm., M.S. 1555.
Gymnosperma glutinosum (Spreng.) Less., E.E. 21242, 21600.
Helenium amarum var. badium (A. Gray ex S. Watson) Waterf.,
M.S. 598.
Helenium quadridentatum Labill., M.S. 1544.
Helenium elegans DC. var. amphilobum (A. Gray) Bierner, M.S. 1447.
Helianthella gypsophila B.L. Turner var. calcarea B.L. Turner, M.S. 1586.
Helianthus annuus L., M.S. 1553.
Heterotheca mucronata Harm., M.S. 605.
Heterotheca subaxillaris (Lam.) Britton & Rusby, M.S. 1449.
Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners, M.S. 1571.
Hieracium abscissum Less., E.E. 21124.
Hieracium mexicanum Less., M.S. 936.
Hieracium pringlei A. Gray, M.S. 9361408.
Hymenoxys insignis (A. Gray) Cockerell, M.S. 1084.
Hymenoxys linearifolia Hook.var. linearifolia, M.S. 1546.
Hymenoxys odorata DC., M.S. 1399.
Hymenoxys scaposa (DC.) K.F. Parker var. argyrocaulon K.F. Parker,
M.S. 1084, 1470.
Koanophyllon galeana (B.L. Turner) B.L. Turner, E.E. 21127.
Lactuca serriola L., M.S. 862.
Loxothysanus pedunculatus Rydb., M.S. 1551.
Machaeranthera pinnatifida (Hook.) Shinners, M.S. 61.
Machaeranthera scabrella (Greene) Shinners, M.S. 1568.
Melampodium divaricatum (Rich. in Pers.) DC., M.S. 1585
Melampodium perfoliatum (Cav.) Kunth, E.E. 21872.
Packera tampicana (DC.) C. Jeffrey, M.S. 588.
Parthenium argentatum A. Gray, M.S. 1397.
Parthenium confertum A. Gray, M.S. 164.
Parthenium confertum A. Gray var. lyratum (A. Gray) Rollins, M.S.
1611.
Parthenium hysterophorus L., E.E. 21080.
Parthenium incanum Kunth, E.E. 22367.
Pinaropappus multicaulis Brandegee, M.S. 978.
Pinaropappus roseus (Less.) Less., M.S. 19.
Polymnia uvedalia (L.) L., M.S. 1448.
Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass., M.S. 400.
Roldana aschenborniana (S. Schauer) H. Rob. & Brettell, M.S. 308.
Roldana lobata La Llave, M.S. 823.
Sanvitalia ocymoides DC., M.S. 866.
Senecio coahuilensis Greenm., E.E. 21886.
Senecio sundbergii B.L. Turner, E.E. 21668.
Simsia amplexicaulis (Cav.) Pers., E.E. 21910.
Simsia calva (A. Gray & Engelm.) A. Gray, M.S. 1556.
Solidago altissima L., E.E. 21864.
Sonchus asper (L.) Hill, E.E. 21754, 21763.
Sonchus oleraceus L., M.S. 1224.
Stevia berlandieri A. Gray var. berlandieri, E.E. 21113.
Stevia micrantha Lag., M.S. 1319.
Stevia serrata Cav., M.S. 597.
Stevia pliosa Lag., M.S. 439.
Symphyotrichum expansum (Poepp. ex Spreng.) G.L. Nesom, M.S.
1542.
Tagetes lucida Cav., M.S. 190.
Tamaulipa azurea (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob., M.S. 587.
Taraxacum officinale L., M.S. 611, 990.
Thelesperma simplicifolium (A. Gray) A. Gray, M.S. 1469.
Thymophylla pentachaeta (DC.) Small, M.S. 375.
Thymophylla setifolia Lag., M.S. 1428.
Tridax procumbens L., E.E. 21117.
Tridax coronopifolia (Kunth) Hemsl., M.S. 262.
Verbesina lanulosa Villarreal & A.E. Estrada, E.E. 22377.
Verbesina microptera DC., M.S. 585.
Verbesina olsenii B.L. Turner, M.S. 163.
Vernonia greggii A. Gray var. greggi, E.E. 21135; M.S. 1377.
Vernonia obtusa (Gleason) S.F. Blake var. obtusa, M.S. 1358.
Viguiera cordata (Hook. & Arn.) D´Arcy, M.S. 840.
Wedelia acapulcensis Kunth var. hispida (Kunth) Strother , E.E. 21040,
21105, 21253, 21822.
Xanthium strumarium L., E.E. 21035, 21082.
Zinnia peruviana L., E.E. 21045, 21084.
Zinnia juniperifolia (DC.) A. Gray, M.S. 1407.
Basellaceae
Anredera scandens (L.) Moq., E.E. 21484.
Begoniaceae
Begonia gracilis Kunth, E.E. 21114a.
Begonia uniflora S. Watson, E.E. 21114.
Berberidaceae
Berberis eutriphylla (Fedde) C.H. Mull., M.S. 896.
Berberis gracilis Benth, var. madrensis Marroq., E.E. 21878.
Berberis trifoliolata Moric., M.S. 621.
Bignoniaceae
Chilopsis linearis (Cav.) Sweet, E.E. 20987, 21832.
Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth, E.E. 21137, 21676.
Boraginaceae
Antiphytum heliotropioides DC., M.S. 1577.
Cordia boissieri A. DC., M.S. 234.
Ehretia anacua (Terán & Berl.) I.M. Johnst., E.E. 21090.
Hackelia leonitis I.M. Johnst., M.S. 293.
Heliotropium angiospermum Murray, E.E. 21218.
Heliotropium torreyi I.M. Johnst., E.E. 21056, 21224.
Lithospermum calycosum (J.F. Macbr.) I.M. Johnst., M.S. 1570.
Omphalodes cardiophylla A. Gray ex Hemsl., E.E. 21873.
Tiquilia canescens (DC.) A.T. Richardson),M.S. 1450.
Tiquilia greggii (Torr. & A. Gray) A.T. Richardson, M.S. 1548.
Brassicaceae
Cardamine auriculata S. Watson, E.E. 21750.
Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC., E.E. 21701.
Eruca sativa Mill., M.S. 1226.
Erysimum capitatum (Douglas) Greene), E.E. 21759.
814 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7(2)
Lepidium virginicum L., E.E. 21712; M.S. 1013.
Lesquerella berlandieri S. Watson, E.E. 21716.
Lesquerella lasiocarpa (Hook. ex A. Gray) S. Watson, M.S. 893.
Lesquerella purpurea (A. Gray) S. Watson, E.E. 21779.
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek, E.E. 21440, 21814.
Sisymbrium auriculatum A. Gray, M.S. 801, 1168.
Sisymbrium irio L., E.E. 21728, 21840.
Cactaceae
Cylindropuntia cholla F.A.C. Weber, M.S. 1314.
Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haw.) F.M. Knuth, M.S. 705, 898.
Cylindropuntia kleiniae (DC.) F.M. Knuth, M.S. 29.
Cylindropuntia leptocaulis (DC.) F.M. Knuth, E.E. 21767.
Echinocactus platyacanthus Link & Otto, M.S. 1242.
Echinocereus parkeri, N.P. Taylor, M.S. 744.
Echinocereus rayonesensis N.P. Taylor, M.S. 746.
Echinocereus pentalophus (DC.) Rumpler, M.S. 716.
Echinocereus stramineus (Engelm.) Rümpler, M.S. 31.
Ferocactus glaucescens (DC.) Britton & Rose, M.S. 1315.
Ferocactus hamatacanthus (Muhl.) Britton & Rose ssp. sinuatus (A.
Dietr.) N.P. Taylor, E.E. 21766, 66.
Ferocactus pilosus (Galeotti) Werderm., M.S. 1620.
Glandulicactus uncinatus (Galeotti ex Pfeiff.) Backeb., M.S. 1316.
Mammillaria chionocephala J.A. Purpus, M.S. 1445.
Mammillaria formosa Galeotti ex Scheidw ssp. formosa, M.S. 1475.
Mammillaria melanocentra Poselg. ssp. linaresensis (R. Wolf & F. Wolf)
D.R. Hunt, M.S. 1472.
Mammillaria prolifera (Mill.) Haw. ssp. arachnoidea (D.R. Hunt) D.R.
Hunt, M.S. 1441.
Mammillaria winterae Boed., M.S. 1550.
Opuntia cantabrigensis Lynch, M.S. 679.
Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck ex Engelm., M.S. 655.
Opuntia robusta L.H. Wendl., M.S. 1569.
Opuntia stenopetala Engelm., M.S. 1484.
Opuntia stricta Haw. ssp. stricta, M.S. 1473.
Selenicereus spinulosus (DC.) Britton & Rose, E.E. 21482.
Thelocactus tulensis (Poselger) Britton & Rose, M.S. 1446.
Campanulaceae
Lobelia calcarea Wimm., E.E. 21492.
Lobelia cardinalis L. ssp. graminea (Lam.) McVaugh, E.E. 21922.
Lobelia ehrenbergii Vatke, M.S. 405.
Lobelia fenestralis Cav., M.S. 418.
Lobelia sublibera S. Watson, E.E. 21132, 21143; M.S. 405, 418.
Cannabaceae
Celtis laevigata Willd., E.E. 21773.
Celtis pallida Torr., E.E. 21770.
Caryophyllaceae
Arenaria oresbia Greenm., M.S. 1557.
Drymaria glandulosa Persl., M.S. 1587.
Drymaria aff. laxiflora Benth., E.E. 21734.
Silene laciniata Cav., E.E. 20925.
Celastraceae
Mortonia palmeri Hemsl., E.E. 20926.
Schaefferia cuneifolia A. Gray, M.S. 1229.
Cleomaceae
Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC., E.E. 21134, 258.
Convolvulaceae
Convolvulus equitans Benth., M.S. 1471.
Cuscuta indecora Choisy, E.E. 21769.
Dichondra argentea Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., E.E. 21700.
Dichondra brachypoda Wooton & Standl., E.E. 21699.
Evolvulus alsinoides L. var. hirticaulis Torr., E.E. 21066, 21091.
Evolvulus sericeus Sw., E.E. 21205.
Ipomoea capillacea (Kunth) G. Don, M.S. 1096.
Ipomoea cardiophylla A. Gray, M.S. 1443.
Ipomoea coccinea L., E.E. 21208.
Ipomoea jalapa (L.) Pursh, M.S. 1588.
Ipomoea pubescens Lam., M.S. 1557.
Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth, M.S. 520.
Crassulaceae
Echeveria turgida Rose, M.S. 1576.
Sedum calcicola B.L. Rob. & Greenm., E.E. 21929.
Sedum greggii Hemsl., M.S. 1564.
Sedum palmeri S. Watson, M.S. 1591.
Sedum wrightii A. Gray, M.S. 811.
Villadia cucullata Rose, M.S. 1330.
Cucurbitaceae
Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth, E.E. 21928.
Cucurbita maxima Duchesne, M.S. 252.
Cucurbita texana (Scheele) A. Gray, M.S. 1590.
Ibervillea lindheimeri (A. Gray) Greene, E.E. 21748.
Melothria pendula L., E.E. 21479.
Ebenaceae
Diospyros texana Scheele, M.S. 704.
Ericaceae
Arbutus xalapensis Kunth, M.S. 258.
Comarostaphylis polifolia (Kunth) Zucc. ex Klotzsch, M.S. 1454.
Euphorbiaceae
Acalypha dioica S. Watson, E.E. 21927.
Acalypha lindheimeri Müll. Arg., E.E. 21131, 21173, 21200, 21740;
M.S. 23.
Acalypha monostachya Benth., E.E. 21074; M.S. 1287.
Argythamnia neomexicana Müll. Arg., E.E. 21630, 21657.
Bernardia myricifolia (Scheele) Benth. & Hook., E.E. 21753, 64.
Croton ciliato-glandulifer Ortega, E.E. 21038, 21083, 21515.
Croton cortesianus Kunth, E.E. 21111.
Croton dioicus Cav., M.S. 652.
Croton fruticulosus Engelm. ex Torr., E.E. 21911.
Croton suaveolens Torr., M.S. 243.
Euphorbia antisyphilitica Zucc., M.S. 5, 43a.
Euphorbia campestris Schltdl. & Cham., E.E. 21073.
Euphorbia cinerascens Engelm., E.E. 21030.
Euphorbia dentata Michx., E.E. 21055.
Euphorbia greggii Boiss., E.E. 21068.
Euphorbia hexagona Nutt. ex Spreng., E.E. 21050.
Euphorbia hirta L., E.E. 21099, 21273.
Euphorbia neilmulleri M.C. Johnst., E.E. 2125.
Euphorbia nutans Lag., E.E. 21155.
Euphorbia prostrata Aiton, E.E. 21247, 21265.
Euphorbia schiedeana Mayfield, E.E. 21225, 21269.
Euphorbia villifera Scheele, E.E. 21184.
Jatropha dioica Cerv. var. graminea McVaugh, E.E. 21833; M.S. 747.
Phyllanthus polygonoides Spreng., E.E. 21031, 21078, 21660.
Ricinus communis L., M.S. 231.
Tragia nepetifolia Cav., E.E. 21025, 21213, 21258; M.S. 313
Fabaceae
Acacia amentacea DC., M.S. 230.
Acacia berlandieri Benth., E.E. 21609, 21656, 21831.
Acacia coulteri Benth., E.E. 21475, 21673, 21827a, 21870.
Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., M.S. 211.
Acacia roemeriana Scheele, E.E. 21856, 36.
Acaciella angustissima (Mill.) Britton & Rose var. angustissima, E.E.
21151; M.S. 262, 623.
Amicia zygomeris DC., E.E. 21110.
Salinas-R. et al., Flora of Cañón de Iturbide, Mexico 815
Astragalus greggii S. Watson, M.S. 1147.
Astragalus hypoleucus S. Schauer, E.E. 21720.
Bauhinia macranthera Benth. ex Hemsl., E.E. 21828.
Brongniartia magnibracteata Schltdl., M.S. 604; M.S. 1346
Caesalpinia mexicana A. Gray, E.E. 21104.
Calliandra eriophylla Benth., M.S. 1444.
Calliandra conferta Benth., M.S. 1559.
Canavalia villosa Benth., M.S. 1522.
Centrosema virginianum (L.) Benth., E.E. 21226.
Cercis canadensis L. var. mexicana (Rose) M. Hopkins, M.S. 291.
Chamaecrista greggii (A. Gray) Pollard in A. Heller var. greggii, E.E.
21221.
Clitoria mariana L., E.E. 21141, 21185.
Cologania angustifolia Kunth, E.E. 21146.
Cologania broussonetii (Balb.) DC., E.E. 21126, 21150.
Cologania pallida Rose, M.S. 1131.
Coursetia caribaea (Jacq.) Lavin var. caribaea, E.E. 21203, 21246,
21821; M.S. 1349, 1531.
Crotalaria incana L., E.E. 21148a.
Crotalaria mollicula Kunth, E.E. 21094, 21148, 21175, 21267.
Crotalaria pumila Ortega, M.S. 1442.
Crotalaria quercetorum Brandegee, M.S. 1485.
Crotalaria rotundifolia Poir. var. vulgaris Brandegee, M.S. 1566.
Dalea bicolor Humb. & Bonpl. in Willd. var. bicolor, M.S. 932.
Dalea capitata S. Watson var. lupinocalyx Barneby, E.E. 21827; M.S.
1195.
Dalea greggii A. Gray, M.S. 1460.
Dalea hospes (Rose) Bullock, E.E. 21116.
Dalea lutea Willd. var. lutea, M.S. 901.
Dalea melantha S. Schauer var. melantha, M.S. 904.
Dalea nana S. Schauer var. carnescens (Rydb.) Kearney & Peebles,
M.S. 1518. 1565.
Dalea saffordii (Rose) Bullock, M.S. 1202.
Dalea scandens (Mill) R.T. Clausen var. paucifolia (J.M. Coult.) Bar-
neby, E.E. 21037, 21227.
Dermatophyllum secundiflorum (Ortega) Gandhi & Reveal, E.E.
21617.
Desmanthus pringlei M.C. Johnst.,M.S. 1595.
Desmanthus virgatus (L.)Willd., M.S. 1042.
Desmodium angustifolium DC., M.S. 380.
Desmodium caripense (Kunth) G. Don, E.E. 21115, 21171.
Desmodium grahamii A. Gray, E.E. 21714.
Desmodium hartwegianum Hemsl., E.E. 21093.
Desmodium lindheimeri Vail, E.E. 21192.
Desmodium aff. lineatum DC., E.E. 21156.
Desmodium macrostachyum Hemsl., E.E. 21160, 21516.
Desmodium molliculum (Kunth) DC., M.S. 1286.
Desmodium neomexicanum A. Gray, M.S. 1161.
Desmodium prehensile Schltdl., M.S. 1347.
Desmodium psilophyllum Schltdl., E.E. 21133, 21149, 21166, 21741.
Desmodium retinens Schltdl., M.S. 449.
Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC., M.S. 1560.
Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney, M.S. 814.
Erythrina herbacea L., M.S. 748.
Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ortega) Sarg., M.S. 244.
Eysenhardtia texana Scheele, E.E. 21781.
Galactia brachystachya Benth., M.S. 1461.
Galactia marginalis Benth., E.E. 21505.
Galactia multiflora B.L. Rob., M.S. 1382.
Galactia striata Urb., M.S. 1434.
Galactia texana A. Gray, E.E. 21187.
Havardia pallens Britton & J.N. Rose, M.S. 809.
Indigofera hartwegii Rydb., M.S. 1533.
Indigofera lindheimeriana Scheele, E.E. 21194.
Indigofera miniata Ortega, E.E. 21063, 21521.
Indigofera miniata Ortega var. leptocephala (Nutt.) B.L. Turner,
M.S. 1466.
Indigofera thibaudiana Scheele, M.S. 1438.
Leucaena greggii S.Watson, E.E. 21826.
Leucaena pulverulenta Benth., M.S. 695.
Macroptilium atropurpureum (L.) Urb., M.S. 1136.
Medicago lupulina L., E.E. 21891.
Melilotus indicus (L.) All., M.S. 1543.
Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega, M.S. 43, 236.
Mimosa biuncifera Benth., M.S. 715.
Mimosa malacophylla A. Gray, E.E. 21491, 21758.
Mimosa quadrivalvis L. var. latidens (Small) Barneby, E.E. 21061;
M.S. 1038
Mimosa texana Small, M.S. 1028.
Mimosa zygophylla Benth., M.S. 1478.
Nissolia platycalyx S. Watson, E.E. 21231.
Oxyrhynchus volubilis Brandegee, M.S. 1455.
Oxyrhynchus populneus (Piper) Norvell ex A. Delgado & E. Estrada,
M.S. 1440
Painteria elachistophylla Britton & Rose, M.S. 48, 800.
Parkinsonia aculeata L., M.S. 1563.
Phaseolus albiflorus Freytag & Debouck, E.E. 21168.
Phaseolus leptostachyus Benth. var. leptostachyus, E.E. 21736; M.S.
1573.
Phaseolus maculatifolius Freytag & Debouck, E.E. 21147, 21186.
Phaseolus vulgaris L., E.E. 21241.
Prosopis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) M.C. Johnst., M.S. 1457.
Rhynchosia longeracemosa M. Martens & Galeotti, M.S. 1348.
Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC., M.S. 276.
Rhynchosia senna Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. var. angustifolia (A. Gray)
Grear, E.E. 21139; M.S. 1532
Senna lindheimeriana (Scheele) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, M.S. 711, 799.
Senna wislizeni H.S. Irwin & Barneby var. painteri (Britton & Rose)
H.S. Irwin & Barneby, M.S. 659.
Stylosanthes mexicana Taub., E.E. 21065.
Tephrosia potosina Brandegee, E.E. 21062.
Zapoteca media (M. Martens & Galeotti) H.M. Hern., E.E. 21916.
Fagaceae
Quercus canbyi Trel., E.E. 21235a, 21662, 21841a.
Quercus fusiformis Small, E.E. 21054, 21096, 21230.
Quercus galeanensis C.H. Mull., M.S. 1436.
Quercus laceyi Small, E.E. 20896, 20897, 20922, 21595, 21623, 21841.
Quercus laeta Liebm., E.E. 20895.
Quercus microlepis Trel. & C.H. Mull., E.E. 21191, 21223.
Quercus polymorpha Schltdl. & Cham., E.E. 21195, 21560, 21607,
21661, 21671.
Quercus rysophylla Weath., E.E. 21190.
Quercus sideroxyla Humb. & Bonpl., M.S. 561.
Quercus striatula Trel., M.S. 1418.
Fumariaceae
Corydalis aurea Willd. M.S. 1258.
Corydalis pseudomicrantha Fedde, E.E. 21757; M.S. 1258.
Garryaceae
Garrya laurifolia Hartw.ex Benth., E.E. 21898.
Garrya ovata Benth., M.S. 281.
Gentianaceae
Centaurium calycosum (Buckley) Fernald var. calycosum, E.E. 21802;
M.S. 1364.
Geraniaceae
Erodium cicutarum (L.)L’Hér. ex Aiton, M.S. 729.
Geranium crenatifolium H.E. Moore, M.S. 1372.
816 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7(2)
Hydrangeaceae
Philadelphus madrensis Hemsl., M.S. 1493.
Hydrophyllaceae
Nama dichotomum (Ruiz & Pavón) Choisy var. dichotmum, E.E. 21434.
Nama palmeri A. Gray ex Hemsl., E.E. 21071, 21890.
Hypericaceae
Hypericum formosum Kunth ssp. formosum, M.S. 1406, 1562.
Hypericum perfoliatum L., M.S. 1562.
Hypoxidaceae
Hypoxis mexicana Schult., M.S. 1359.
Juglandaceae
Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, M.S. 1001.
Carya ovata (Mill.) K. Koch, M.S. 1456.
Juglans mollis Engelm., E.E. 21778.
Krameriaceae
Krameria cytisoides Cav., M.S. 1383.
Lamiaceae
Hedeoma drummondii Benth., E.E. 21064, 21677.
Hedeoma palmeri Hemsl., M.S. 681, 966.
Hedeoma plicata Torr., M.S. 51.
Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br., E.E. 21024, 21517.
Marrubium vulgare L., E.E. 21813.
Monarda citriodora Cerv. var. austromontana (Epling) B.L. Turner,
M.S. 1550.
Salvia ballotaeflora Benth., E.E. 21097.
Salvia coccinea Murray, E.E. 21102, 21193, 21735.
Salvia greggii A. Gray, E.E. 20923.
Salvia tiliifolia Vahl, E.E. 21079.
Salvia urolepis Fernald, E.E. 21172.
Scutellaria drummondii Benth., M.S. 316.
Scutellaria hintoniana Epling, E.E. 21028.
Scutellaria hispidula B.L. Rob., E.E. 21245.
Scutellaria mexicana (Torr.) A.J. Paton, M.S. 531.
Scutellaria microphylla Benth., M.S. 1599.
Stachys bigelovii A. Gray, M.S. 1423.
Teucrium cubense Jacq., E.E. 21243, 21665.
Lauraceae
Litsea glaucescens Kunth, E.E. 21167, 21879, 298.
Litsea parvifolia (Hemsl.) Mez, E.E. 20899.
Litsea pringlei Bartlett, E.E. 21629.
Persea longipes (Schltdl.) Meisn., E.E. 21738.
Phoebe tampicensis (Meisn.) Mez, E.E. 21476, 21654.
Linaceae
Linum lasiocarpum Rose, E.E. 21851, 21884.
Loasaceae
Eucnide bartonioides Zucc., E.E. 21100.
Eucnide lobata (Hook.) A. Gray, E.E. 21103, 21908.
Mentzelia incisa Urb. & Gilg, M.S. 1439.
Mentzelia lindheimeri Urb. & Gilg, M.S. 1468.
Lythraceae
Cuphea cyanea DC., M.S. 1298.
Heimia salicifolia Link, E.E. 21081, 21663.
Lythrum californicum Torr. & A. Gray, M.S. 1523.
Malpighiaceae
Mascagnia lilacina (S. Watson) Nied., E.E. 21829.
Mascagnia macroptera (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Nied., E.E. 21429,
21653.
Malvaceae
Abutilon hypoleucum A. Gray, E.E. 21925.
Abutilon malacum S. Watson, M.S. 1143, 1190.
Abutilon trisulactum (Jacq.) Urb., M.S. 1104.
Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl., E.E. 21268.
Anoda leonensis Fryxell, E.E. 21756.
Batesimalva violacea (Rose) Fryxell, E.E. 21628.
Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky, E.E. 21783.
Hibiscus coulteri Harv. ex A. Gray, E.E. 21182.
Hibiscus martianus Zucc., E.E. 22374.
Malva americana L., M.S. 1239.
Malva parviflora L., E.E. 21725; M.S. 986.
Malvastrum americanum (L.)Torr., M.S. 864.
Malvastrum coromendelianum (L.) Garcke, E.E. 21041.
Meximalva filipes (A. Gray) Fryxell, E.E. 21032, 21077.
Sida abutifolia Mill., E.E. 21095.
Sida elliotii Torr. ex A. Gray var. parviflora Champ., E.E. 21816.
Sida rhombifolia L., E.E. 21043, 21270.
Sida spinosa L., M.S. 37.
Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb., M.S. 1592.
Wissadula amplissima (L.) R.E. Fr., E.E. 21240.
Martyniaceae
Proboscidea lousianica (Mill.) Thell. var. fragrans (Lindl.) Bretting,
E.E. 21510.
Meliaceae
Melia azedarach L., M.S. 218.
Moraceae
Ficus carica L., E.E. 21760.
Nyctaginaceae
Boerhavia anysophylla Torr., E.E. 21777.
Boerhavia coccinea Mill., E.E. 21101.
Cyphomeris gypsophiloides (M. Martens & Galeotti) Standl., M.S. 44.
Mirabilis glabrifolia (Ortega) I.M. Johnston, E.E. 21216.
Mirabilis jalapa L., M.S. 216.
Mirabilis longiflora L., E.E. 21477.
Mirabilis polonii Le Duc, M.S. 217.
Nyssaceae
Nyssa sylvtica Marshall, M.S. 1391.
Oleaceae
Fraxinus americana L., M.S. 1006.
Fraxinus cuspidata Torr., E.E. 21837.
Fraxinus greggii A. Gray, M.S. 33.
Onagraceae
Gaura coccinea Pursh, E.E. 21776.
Oenothera kunthiana (Spach) Munz, E.E. 21129.
Oenothera rosea L’Hér. ex Aiton, M.S. 926.
Oenothera speciosa Nutt., E.E. 21719.
Orobanchaceae
Castilleja mexicana (Hemsl.) A. Gray, M.S. 1177.
Castilleja sessiliflora Pursh, M.S. 1390.
Castilleja tenuiflora Benth., E.E. 21836.
Conopholis alpina Liebm., M.S. 675.
Seymeria bipinnatisecta Seem., M.S. 1438.
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis corniculata L. var. corniculata DC., E.E. 21499, 21896.
Papaveraceae
Argemone mexicana L., M.S. 226, 1344.
Argemone sanguinea Greene, M.S. 710, 1343.
Hunnemania fumariifolia Sweet, E.E. 21602, 21839, 647.
Passifloraceae
Passiflora foetida L., E.E. 21900.
Salinas-R. et al., Flora of Cañón de Iturbide, Mexico 817
Phrymaceae
Mimulus glabratus Kunth var. glabratus, E.E. 21694; 21864; M.S. 1345.
Mimulus nanus Hook. & Arn., M.S. 39, 1401.
Phytolaccaceae
Rivinia humilis L., M.S. 1541.
Piperaceae
Peperomia blanda Kunth., M.S. 1336.
Plantaginaceae
Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell, M.S. 1335.
Maurandya antirrhiniflora Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., E.E. 21817, 41.
Penstemon barbatus (Cav.) Roth, M.S. 1482.
Penstemon havardi A. Gray, M.S. 1337.
Penstemon lanceolatus Benth., M.S. 1419.
Plantago lanceolata L., E.E. 21726.
Plantago major L., E.E. 21433, 21844.
Platanaceae
Platanus rzedowskii Nixon & Poole, E.E. 21212, 21670, 21818.
Plumbaginaceae
Plumbago pulchella Boiss., M.S. 1354.
Polemoniaceae
Cobaea pringlei (House) Standl., M.S. 1296.
Gilia incisa Benth., E.E. 21069, 21906.
Loeselia coerulea (Cav.) G. Don, E.E. 21086.
Polygalaceae
Polygala alba Nutt., M.S. 1252.
Polygala barbeyana Chodat, E.E. 21785.
Polygala lindheimeri A. Gray var. lindheimeri, E.E. 21067.
Polygonaceae
Rumex crispus Cham. & Schltdl., E.E. 21791.
Rumex mexicanus Meisn., M.S. 613.
Rumex obtusifolius L., E.E. 21893.
Portulacaceae
Portulaca mundula I.M. Johnst., E.E. 21764.
Portulaca oleracea L., M.S. 1131.
Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.)Gaertn., E.E. 21260, 21915.
Talinum aurantiacum Engelm., M.S. 516.
Primulaceae
Anagallis arvensis L., E.E. 21774.
Samolus ebracteatus Kunth var. cuneatus (Small), Henr. E.E. 21430,
21430a, 21784, 21811.
Ranunculaceae
Aquilegia canadensis L., M.S. 1345.
Clematis dioica L., M.S. 317.
Clematis drummondii Torr. & A. Gray E.E. 21029.
Clematis pitcheri Torr. & A. Gray, E.E. 21251.
Ranunculus sierrae-orientalis (L.D. Benson) G.L. Nesom, E.E. 21123.
Thalictrum grandifolium S. Watson, E.E. 21678.
Resedaceae
Reseda luteola L., E.E. 21804.
Rhamnaceae
Ceanothus fendleri A. Gray, M.S. 1032.
Ceanothus greggii A. Gray, M.S. 708.
Colubrina greggii S. Watson, E.E. 21768.
Condalia ericoides (A. Gray) M.C. Johnst., M.S. 1362.
Karwinskia humboldtiana (Schult.) Zucc., E.E. 21669.
Rosaceae
Cercocarpus fothergilloides Kunth. var. fothergilloides, M.S. 1389.
Cowania mexicana D. Don, M.S. 1350.
Crataegus rosei Eggl. var. parrayana (Eggl.) J.B. Phipps., M.S. 1170.
Lindleya mespiloides Kunth, E.E. 21618.
Malacomeles denticulata (Kunth) Engl., M.S. 1507.
Malacomeles denticulata (Kunth) Engl. var. psilantha (C.K. Schneid.)
Henr. E.E. 21627.
Malacomeles paniculata (Rheder) J.B. Phipps, E.E. 21835.
Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, E.E. 21762.
Prunus serotina Ehrh., M.S. 1320.
Rubus flagellaris Willd., E.E. 21843.
Vauquelinia corymbosa Humb.& Bonpl. ssp. heterodon (I.M. Johnst.)
W.J. Hess & Henr., E.E. 21830; M.S. 34.
Rubiaceae
Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl., E.E. 21178, 21798.
Crusea diversifolia (Kunth) W.R. Anderson, M.S. 1612.
Diodia teres Walter, E.E. 21130.
Chiococca alba (L.) Hirtchc., E.E. 21485.
Chiococca pachyphylla Wernham, M.S. 1402.
Galium aff. aprine L., M.S. 979.
Galium microphyllum A. Gray., M.S. 62.
Galium pringlei Greenm., M.S. 1600.
Galium uncinulatum DC., M.S. 1458.
Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg, M.S. 594.
Randia rhagocarpa Standl., M.S. 1490.
Rutaceae
Amyris madrensis S. Watson, E.E. 21659, 21752, 21786.
Casimiroa greggii (S. Watson) F. Chiang, M.S. 1601.
Casimiroa pringlei Engl., M.S. 798.
Decatropis bicolor (Zucc.) Radlk., M.S. 239, 648.
Esenbeckia berlandieri Baill., M.S. 1417.
Helietta parvifolia (A. Gray) Benth., E.E. 21652, 21793.
Ptelea trifoliata L., E.E. 21825a.
Ruta graveolens L., E.E. 21432.
Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg., M.S. 229, 237.
Salicaceae
Salix jaliscana M.E. Jones, E.E. 21862.
Salix nigra Marshall, E.E. 21861.
Xylosma flexuosa (Kunth) Hemsl., E.E. 21197, 21232, 21483.
Sapindaceae
Cardiospermum halicacabum L., E.E. 21249.
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq., E.E. 21775.
Neopringlea integrifolia (Hemsl.) S. Watson, E.E. 21198, 21254.
Serjania brachycarpa A. Gray ex Radlk., M.S. 868.
Thouinia villosa DC., E.E. 21106.
Ungnadia speciosa Endl., M.S. 285, 649.
Urvillea ulmacea Kunth, M.S. 806.
Scrophulariaceae
Buddleja cordata E.M. Norman, M.S. 976.
Buddleja cordata ssp. tomentella (Standl.) E.M. Norman, M.S. 933.
Buddleja marrubiifolia Benth., M.S. 57, 612.
Buddleja parviflora Kunth, M.S. 1194.
Buddleja scordioides Kunth, M.S. 1339.
Leucophyllum frutescens (Berland.) I.M. Johnst., M.S. 1213.
Solanaceae
Bouchetia erecta DC. ex Dunal, M.S. 1479.
Capsicum annuum L. var. minus (Fingerh.) Shinners, M.S. 1414.
Cestrum anagyris Dunal, M.S. 1467.
Datura inoxia Mill., E.E. 21053.
Datura meteloides Dunal, M.S. 1437.
Datura stramonium L., E.E. 21108.
Lycium leiospermum I.M. Johnst, E.E. 21608.
Nicotiana glauca Graham, E.E. 21598.
Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Urb., E.E. 21868.
818 Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 7(2)
Nicotiana trigonophylla Dunal, E.E. 21664, 21744, 21838.
Physalis hederifolia A. Gray, E.E. 21252.
Physalis philadelphica Lam., M.S. 1360.
Physalis viscosa L., E.E. 21034, 21824.
Solanum eleagnifolium Cav., M.S. 965.
Solanum erianthum D. Don, E.E. 21558.
Solanum nigrescens M. Martens & Galeotti, M.S. 1269.
Staphyleaceae
Staphylea pringlei S. Watson, E.E. 21506.
Sterculiaceae
Melochia pyramidata L., E.E. 21092.
Waltheria indica L., E.E. 21026.
Urticaceae
Boehmeria cylindrica (L.) Sw., M.S. 1400.
Parietaria pensylvanica Muhl., E.E. 21873a.
Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh, E.E. 21854a; M.S. 1334.
Urtica gracilenta Greene, M.S. 1334.
Verbenaceae
Aloysia gratissima (Gilles & Hook) Tronc., M.S. 915.
Aloysia macrostachya (Torr.) Moldenke, E.E. 21614.
Bouchea prismatica (L.) Kuntze, E.E. 21109a.
Glandularia bipinnatifida (Nutt.) Nutt., M.S. 934.
Glandularia elegans (Kunth) Umber var. elegans, M.S. 949.
Lantana camara L., E.E. 21044; M.S. 867.
Lantana horrida Kunth, E.E. 21044.
Lantana macropoda Torr., E.E. 21042.
Lantana velutina M. Martens & Galeotti, M.S. 58.
Phyla incisa Small, M.S. 2.
Priva mexicana (L.) Pers., E.E. 21164.
Verbena canescens Kunth var. canescens, E.E. 21709 M.S. 1131.
Verbena carolina L., M.S. 964.
Violaceae
Hybanthus verbenaceus (Kunth) Loes., E.E. 21165; M.S. 459.
Hybanthus verticilatus (Ortega) Baill., M.S. 28.
Viola sororia Willd., M.S. 835.
Vitaceae
Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch., E.E. 21179, 21428.
Vitis berlandieri Planch., M.S. 1333.
Vitis cinerea Engelm., E.E. 21436, 21876.
Zygophyllaceae
Kallstroemia hirsutissima Vail, E.E. 21202.
Kallstroemia parviflora Norton, M.S. 9.
acknowled gme nts
We thank Thomas Patterson and Martha Gonzalez Elizondo for helpful reviews.
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