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4 FiguresISMRpaper
4 Figures
Extent of W orld K now ledge (EW K ) C ontinuum
World
Unmodelled
World
C o m p le te ly
M o d e lle d
(W o rld P a rtia lly M o d e lle d )
Reality-Virtuality (RV) Continuum
Real
E n viron m en t
Virtual
E n viron m en t
(a) Augmented Reality (AR) (b) Augmented Virtuality (AV)
REAL
(R)
VIRTUAL
(V)
V
R
R
R
V
R
V
V
R
R
V
R
R
R
V
V
R
V
V
V
R
1
R
V
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
V
R
12
V
Exocentric
(Local Guidance)
(Global Awareness)
3D Ego Reference
Frame
3D Tether
(Rigid)
3D World
Reference Frame
2D World
Reference Frame
Egocentric
D irect C ontrol (Isom orphism ) Indirect C ontrol (Tool U se)
C ontrol-D isplay C ongruence C ontinuum
C ongruent Incongruent
C /D O ffs e tC /D A lignm ent
C ontrol O rder
012 ...
Displays
Controls
Egocentric Exocentric
Ego-referenced
World-referenced
1
2
34
Incongruent
Congruent
CENTRICITY
Egocentric
Exocentric
REAL-VIRTUAL Continuum
Real
Virtual
Control-Display
CONGRUENCE
HMDs
(navigation)
MR Excavator
(IIRO)
AR
Telerobotics
Endoscopic
Surgery
AV Web
Design
HMDs
(local)
- CitationsCitations0
- ReferencesReferences14
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: We demonstrate the use of integrated multi-modality data (MRI, MRA, DSA, PET and live video) and 3D stereoscopic imaging in the context of image-guided neurosurgery. We consider here the integration of anatomical data (MRI), vascular data (DSA and MRA) and functional data (PET) derived from the patient undergoing the surgical procedure. In addition live video images are merged with renderings of the data stored in the computer. The integration of multimodality data provides the surgeon with interactive and intuitive access to a comprehensive overview of the brain structures on which surgery is being performed. Ready access to this information enhances the surgeon's ability to avoid critical vessels and structures of functional significance.
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract] ABSTRACT: The report describes a field study designed to measure soldier performance of land navigation and other mission tasks using current navigational equipment and to compare these data with performance using navigational information integrated on a helmet-mounted display (HMD). Measures of stress, cognitive performance, and workload were also obtained. The results indicated that the soldiers traveled less distance between waypoints and experienced lower levels of mental workload using information presented on the HMD than they did using current navigational equipment. As might be expected, differences in time between manual and automatic map updates were significant, but no differences were found between current equipment and the HMD condition in object detection, determination of magnetic azimuth, or call for fire tasks. Differences between conditions in levels of stress and cognitive performance were not significant.
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