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Short report
Antibacterial and cytotoxic compounds from the bark
of Cananga odorata
M. Mukhlesur Rahman
a,
*, Simin S. Lopa
a
, Golam Sadik
a
,
Harun-or-Rashid
a
, Robiul Islam
a
, Proma Khondkar
a
,
A.H. M. Khurshid Alam
a
, Mohammad A. Rashid
b
a
Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi,
Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
b
Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
Received 3 May 2005; accepted 29 August 2005
Available online 19 October 2005
Abstract
O-Methylmoschatoline, liriodenine and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid isolated from the barks of
Cananga odorata showed antibacterial activities against a number of Gram (+) and Gram ()
bacteria. The compounds also showed antifungal and cytotoxic activities.
D2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Cananga odorata; Antibacterial activity; Antifungal activity; Cytotoxicity
1. Plant
Cananga odorata Hook. F. and Thom. (Annonaceae) [1,2], barks collected from the
Balda Garden, Dhaka, Bangladesh in July–August 2001. The plant was identified by the
Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka, Bangladesh where a voucher specimen
(Accession number DACB 29777) was deposited.
0367-326X/$ - see front matter D2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2005.08.011
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +880 721 750041/4110; fax: +880 721 750064.
E-mail address: mukhlesurrah@yahoo.co.uk (M.M. Rahman).
Fitoterapia 76 (2005) 758 – 761
www.elsevier.com/locate/fitote
2. Uses in traditional medicines
In diarrhoea, malaria, boil, as carminative and stomatic [2,3]. Flower useful in
cephalalgia, ophthalmia and gout [2].
3. Previous isolated class of constituents
Lactones [4], alkaloids [5–7], volatile oils [8].
4. Tested materials
O-Methylmoschatoline(1)[9], liriodenine (2), [9] and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3)
[10].
5. Studied activity
Antibacterial and antifungal activities by disc diffusion method [11–13] and
cytotoxicity by brine shrimp bioassay [14,15].
6. Used microorganisms
Listed in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1
In vitro antibacterial activities of compounds 1–3*
Bacteria 123Kanamycin
200 Ag/disc 200 Ag/disc 200 Ag/disc 30 Ag/disc
Gram (+)
Bacillus subtilis 12 11 13 15
B. megaterium 10 12 11 15
Staphylococcus aureus 20 22 19 30
Sarcina lutea 12 14 13 29
Streptococcus-h-haemolyticus 18 20 17 29
Gram ()
Escherichia coli 12 15 22 31
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 12 17 7 29
Shigella flexneri 15 13 8 27
S. shiga 20 20 10 30
S. boydii 815 729
S. dysenteriae 14 21 22 24
S. sonnei 10 20 21 19
Salmonella typhi 20 22 12 26
Klebsiella species 22 24 22 26
*Zone of inhibition in millimeter.
M.M. Rahman et al. / Fitoterapia 76 (2005) 758–761 759
7. Results
The results of the antibacterial and antifungal activities of compounds 1–3are presented
in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. All compounds showed significant antimicrobial activities
when tested at a concentration of 200 Ag/disc (for bacteria) and 400 Ag/disc (for fungi).
The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of compounds 1–3were determined by
serial dilution technique [13]. The MICs of compounds 1and 3were found to be 64 Ag/ml
against Bacillus subtilis,E. coli and Salmonella typhi whereas MICs of compound 2were
32 Ag/ml against Shigella shiga and Streptococcus-h-haemolyticus.
The cytotoxic activities of compounds 1–3were studied by brine shrimp bioassay and
LC
50
values of compounds 1–3were found to 3.80, 4.89 and 4.46 Ag/ml, respectively.
Acknowledgments
The authors wish to thank the Natural Products Chemistry Section of the Laboratory of
Drug Discovery Research and Development, Frederick Cancer Research and Development
Center, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA for assisting with the
NMR studies. The authors are also grateful to the Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka
for identification of the plant.
References
[1] Hooker JD. The flora of British India. London7L. Reeve & Co.; 1875.
[2] Kirtikar KR, Basu BD. 2nd ed. Basu Indian medicinal plants, vol. I. India7Lalit Mohan Basu; 1993.
[3] Duke JA. Dr Duke’s phytochemical and ethnobotanical database, phytochemical database, USDA-ARS-
NGRL, Beltsville Agricultural Research Centre, Maryland, USA 2000; available online at http://www.
ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/duke/ethnobot.pl.
[4] Caloprisco E, Fourneron JD, Faure R, Demarne FE. J Agric Food Chem 2002;50:78.
[5] Hsieh TJ, Chang FR, Chia YC, Chen CY, Chin HF, Wu YC. J Nat Prod 2001;64:616.
[6] Rao JUM, Giri GS, Hanumaiah T, Rao KVJJ. J Nat Prod 1986;49:346.
[7] Yang TH, Huang WY. J Chin Chem Soc (Taipei) 1988;35:305.
[8] Gaydou EM, Randriamiharisoa R, Bianchini JP. J Agric Food Chem 1986;34:481.
[9] Marsaioli AJ, Magalhaes AF, Ruveda EA, Reis FDAM. Phytochemistry 1980;19:995.
[10] Scott KN. J Magn Reson 1970;2:361.
[11] Bauer AW, Kibry WMM, Sherris JC, Truck M. Am J Clin Pathol 1966;45:493.
Table 2
In vitro antifungal activities of compounds 1–3*
Fungi 123Fluconazole
400 Ag/disc 400 Ag/disc 400 Ag/disc 100 Ag/disc
Aspergillus flavus 18 15 12 15
A. niger 15 17 17 25
A. versicolor 30 28 17 24
Candida albicans 25 42 10 25
*Zone of inhibition in millimeter.
M.M. Rahman et al. / Fitoterapia 76 (2005) 758–761760
[12] Barry AL. Principle and practice of microbiology. Philadelphia7Lea and Fabager; 1976.
[13] Reiner R. Antibiotics. An introduction F. Switzerland. Basle7Hoffman La Roche and Co.; 1982.
[14] Meyer BN, Ferrigni NR, Putnam JE, Jacobsen LB, Nichols DE, McLaughlin JL. Planta Med 1982;45:31.
[15] McLaughlin JL. Bench-top bioassays for the discovery of bioactive compounds in higher plants.
Brenesia; 1992. p. 220.
M.M. Rahman et al. / Fitoterapia 76 (2005) 758–761 761
