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A Guide to Identification of Rotifers, Cladocerans and Copepods from Australian Inland Waters: Identification Guide Series No. 3
... The sub-sample was placed into a Sedgewick Rafter counting cell and slowly covered with a cover slip. Zooplankton identification was analysed at the lowest possible taxonomic level according to the standard taxonomic references (Idris 1983; Shiel 1995). Pearson correlation analyse was performed between physical parameters and zooplankton abundance to determine whether the two variables are associated. ...
... Other groups of zooplankton, cladocerans and copepods accounted of 29% and 7% of total abundance, respectively (Fig. 3). Both groups are larger in size compared to rotifers which are smaller than 250 ?m (Shiel 1995). The large size of cladocerans and copepods will decrease their abundance due to fish predation (Karus 2014). ...
The distribution and abundance of zooplankton species of Harapan and Aman Lakes were investigated in relation to physical parameters and chlorophyll-a content. Both lakes were characterised by the occurrence of algal bloom problem. The composition of zooplankton was collected at monthly intervals from November 2013 to February 2014. The total number of taxa in Harapan and Aman Lakes were 23 and 27, respectively. Rotifera was the highest abundance group represent 64% of the total species recorded followed by Copepoda (29%) and Cladocera (7%). Three dominant zooplankton that been recorded in both the lakes are Brachionus forficula, Brachionus nilsoni, and Trichocerca sp. High abundance of these species indicates that the lakes are eutrophic water bodies. Overall, zooplankton species distribution and abundance in the study sites are influenced by various environmental factors such as water transparency and chlorophyll-a content.
... Rotifers were identified up to species level with the help of standard keys by considering their morphological features, behavior, size and shape (Ward and Whipple, 1959;Pennak, 1978;Shiel, 2014). Naming of rotifer species was also confirmed by consulting checklist (Segers, 2007). ...
... The sample was left to settle for about 5 min and specimens were observed under a compound microscope (Olympus Model BX41-CCD) equipped with a camera at various magnifications (4x, 10x and 20x). Images were captured, and specimens were identified based on the taxonomic keys, diagrams, and descriptions of Shiel (1995) and Idris (1983). The zooplankton abundance was calculated using the Hauser (1981) formula. ...
River ecosystems are among the most affected habitats globally due to various anthropogenic stressors such as pollution, habitat degradation, hydromorphological alterations and impervious cover due to urbanization. It remains largely unknown how and to what extent zooplankton communities are affected by these stressors in a heavily polluted river ecosystem. This study investigated the abundance and distribution of zooplankton species and the factors affecting their abundance and distribution in Pinang River. A total of 29 taxa of zooplankton were recorded, which includes 27 taxa of Rotifera and two taxa of Copepoda. Among rotifers, the order Bdelloidea had the highest relative abundance (64.79%), followed by Testudinella sp. and Lecane sp. with 10% relative abundance respectively. Spearmanâs correlation coefficient showed that the zooplankton abundance was negatively correlated with total dissolved solids and conductivity (P < 0.01). Much higher total dissolved solids and water conductivity, much lower zooplankton abundance. This condition is probably to be unfavorable to the zooplankton population as it is attributed to the presence of extreme anthropogenic activities along the river that cause runoff with high suspended matter. Thus, variations in zooplankton biodiversity reflect the deterioration of water quality in the polluted river ecosystem.
... Zooplankton count and identification were made by a light microscope (Zeiss Axiostar) using the 40X objective phase contrast optics. Identification was made based on morphological characteristics using published guides and keys (Shiel, 2014;Glime, 2017a, b, c, d). The enumeration of the organisms was carried outnumbering them on the entire collection. ...
... Zooplankton count and identification were made by a light microscope (Zeiss Axiostar) using the 40X objective phase contrast optics. Identification was made based on morphological characteristics using published guides and keys (Shiel, 2014;Glime, 2017a, b, c, d). The enumeration of the organisms was carried outnumbering them on the entire collection. ...
... Chl-a concentrations were calculated using the modified trichromatic equations for methanol [54]. Zooplankton were identified according to taxonomic descriptions [55] from triplicate 5 mL samples of experimental cultures that were placed in a gridded counting chamber, mixed with 3 drops of Lugol's Iodine solution (10% v/v) to inactivate zooplankton, and counted using a Leica M50 stereo microscope [56]. ...
Zooplankton taxa including cladocerans and rotifers are one of the greatest challenges for effective management of High Rate Algal Ponds (HRAPs) for wastewater treatment as they can establish and rapidly consume beneficial microalgae. Harmful zooplankton need to be controlled using cost effective treatments, and here we tested under controlled laboratory conditions the efficacy of chemical CO2 asphyxiation, biological control of rotifers using competitor species expected to graze only moderately on colonial microalgae, and mechanical disruption using hydrodynamic shear stress. CO2 asphyxiation caused acute mortality of all zooplankton species (t < 10 min). Increasing the cladoceran Moina tenuicornis to densities > 2500 individuals/L was associated with a decrease in rotifer populations (~ 23% of the population in the control). The ostracod Heterocypris incongruens at densities > 1000 individuals/L were also associated with a decrease in rotifer densities that were ~ 27% of the population in the control. Hydrodynamic shear stress killed 100% of M. tenuicornis and ~ 80% of the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus after a single pass. Furthermore, M. tenuicornis was concentrated in the upper 50 mm of a 300 mm deep water column using vertical migration induced by CO2 concentrations of between 25 and 180 mg/L. All of these treatments have potential for use to control zooplankton blooms in WW HRAPs.
... The sample was then poured onto a gridded Greiner square petri dish (120 ? 120 mm; Sigma-Aldrich) and zooplanktonic organisms were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible and enumerated under a Nikon inverted microscope (Eclipse TS100) based on their morphological taxonomic features (Bayly, 1992; Hamond, 1971 Hamond, , 1973 Hebert, 1977; Shiel, 1995; Smirnov and Timms, 1983; www. imas.utas.edu.au). ...
... The sample was then poured onto a gridded Greiner square petri dish (120 ? 120 mm; Sigma-Aldrich) and zooplanktonic organisms were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible and enumerated under a Nikon inverted microscope (Eclipse TS100) based on their morphological taxonomic features (Bayly, 1992; Hamond, 1971 Hamond, , 1973 Hebert, 1977; Shiel, 1995; Smirnov and Timms, 1983; www. imas.utas.edu.au). ...
The density and environmental conditions of the Rotifera were studied at 5 stations of Al-Hilla rive that cover abut 77 km of it's total length 101 km during the period 12 months from April 2011 to March 2012, station1 located after Hindia dam, at the beginning of the river began, station 2 located near Beta bridge before the river entering the city center, station 3, at the Al-Farisy region, after the river passing of the city center, station 4 located at Dora dam, station 5 located at Alhashmia region. The density of rotifera varied between 2.27 ind / L at station 5 in July 2011, October 2011 and 14.56 ind / L at station 1 in March 2012. The Physical and chemical characteristics the water during the study period are: air temperature ranged between 11 and 41 °C and water temperature from 11-35 °C, water current varied from 0.19 – 1.85 m/ s, water transparency 25 – 180 cm, salinity 0.45 – 0.78 ‰ , hydrogen ion 7.38 – 8.9, dissolved oxygen 5.98 – 10.45 mg/l, percentage of saturation 75.1 – 133 O 2 %, biological oxygen demand (BOD 5) 0.29 – 4.17 mg/l, total dissolved solids 336.99 – 585.55 mg/l, total solids 226.67 – 1210 mg/l, total suspended solids 7.4 – 98 mg/l, total volatile solids 23 – 370 mg/l, and chlorophyll – a 0.55 – 11.63 mg/m 3. The correlation were studded among rotifer, the physical and chemical water's characteristics and chlorophyll– a. The density of Rotifera is highly positively correlated with the transparency of the water and negatively correlated with the total volatile solids.
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