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Accepted by C. Schaefer: 28 Jan. 2014; published: 13 May 2014
ZOOTAXA
ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)
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1175-5334
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Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press
Zootaxa 3795 (3): 383
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http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3795.3.9
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5B32C6B9-1466-4367-98AD-2E40F40B9351
Review of Europiella Reuter (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae:
Phylini) from Korea, with a description of a new genus
RAM KESHARI DUWAL¹, SUNGHOON JUNG² & SEUNGHWAN LEE¹*
¹Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology,
Seoul National University, Seoul, 151–921, Korea.
Email: phylinae@snu.ac.kr
²Laboratory of Insect Taxonomy, Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National Uni-
versity, Daejeon, 305-764, Korea.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: seung@snu.ac.kr
Abstract
Five species of Europiella (Phylinae: Phylini) including three newly reported species, E. artemisiae (Becker, 1864), E.
kiritshenkoi Kulik, 1975, and E. miyamotoi (Kerzhner, 1988), are recognized for the first time from Korea, and Europiella
albipennis (Fallén, 1829) is removed from the Korean list. A new genus Europiellomorpha Duwal n. gen., is proposed to
accommodate Plagioganthus lividellus (Kerzhner, 1979) (= Europiella lividellus). A key to the Korean species of Eu-
ropiella, diagnosis, and descriptions of both male and female genitalia are provided.
Key words: Hemiptera, Miridae, Phylinae, Phylini, Europiella, Europiellomorpha n. gen, Korea
Introduction
Although, Europiella Reuter is considered a Holarctic group (Schuh et al, 1995), the recent investigation suggests
that this group also occupies the temperate and sub boreal regions of the Oriental zone (Duwal et al., 2010). The
genus also predominantly feeds on Artemisia.
The comprehensive revision and basic concept on definition of Europiella were provided by Schuh et al.
(1995) and Schuh (2004), and several synonyms were created and many species were transferred from other
genera. Additionally, the recent phylogenetic study of the Miridae indicated that the genus Europiella is
monophyletic and is positioned basally within the tribe Phylinae (Jung & Lee, 2012). About 65 species of
Europiella are reported from the world (http://research.amnh.org/pbi/catalog).
In this study, 5 species of Europiella are recognized from Korea; three are reported for the first time:
Europiella artemisiae (Becker, 1864); E. kiritshenkoi Kulik, 1975; E. miyamotoi (Kerzhner, 1988). Herein, the
reported species, Europiella albipennis (Fallén, 1829) from Korea (Kwon et al., 2001), is confirmed as a
misidentification of E. artemisiae.
The peculiar genital characteristics of Plagiognathus lividellus, the saw–like marginal edge at a process of the
endosoma is different from the endosoma of Plagiognathus and/ or Europiella; thus, a new genus,
Europiellomorpha Duwal n. gen., is erected to accommodate Plagiognathus lividellus (Kerzhner, 1979).
In this study, a key to species of the Korean Europiella, and detailed diagnosis and illustrations of the male and
female genitalia, are provided. All measurements are in millimeters. The newly reported species from Korea are
indicated by an asterisk (*) after a locality name. In the synonymic lists of known taxa, selected references are only
cited, as comprehensive catalogs are available (Kerzhner and Josifov, 1999; Schuh, 1995; 2002–2013).
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Systematic Accounts
Europiella Reuter, 1909
Europiella Reuter, 1909: 83 (n. gen.); Schuh et al., 1995: 379 (n. syn., disc.); Schuh, 1995: 312 (cat.); 2004: 2 (diag., desc.);
Kerzhner and Josifov, 1999: 343 (cat.); Yasunaga, 2001: 162 (diag.); Kwon et al., 2001: 170 (cat.); Duwal et al., 2010: 21
(diag.).
Type species: Agalliastes stigmosus Uhler, 1893; subsequent designation.
Diagnosis. Recognized by small to medium sized, oval or elongated oval body; completely pale, or greenish, or
entirely fuscous or black coloration; reclining simple dark and sericeous setae on dorsum; distribution of spots on
metafemora and tibia. For detailed description see Schuh et al., 1995; and Schuh, 2004.
Male genitalia. Pygophore relatively larger than total abdomen. Body of endosoma partially or completely
twisted mesally; apex with two apical processes, and occasionally semi–sclerotized or membranous blades arising
from basal curved area; and secondary gonopore placed around chitinized bands of endosoma.
Female genitalia: Bursa copulatrix semitransparent with or without minute spinules; sclerotized rings
asymmetrical, thin rimmed, and variously shaped.
Remarks. The breeding host for this genus is confirmed as Artemisia spp.; the genus is occasionally also
observed on other plants belonging to family Asteraceae, and Lamiaceae in the Palearctic region (Schuh, 2004). In
Korea these tiny bugs were mostly collected from asteraceous plants.
The survey confirmed that Eurpiella artemisiae and E. kiritshenkoi are commonly distributed in Korea
whereas the remaining species are rare and represented with very few specimens in our collection.
Key to the Korean species of Europiella
1. Basal (1/3–2/3) region of antennal segment II dark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
- Extreme base of antennal segment II darker, or entirely pale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Body less than 3.5 mm, entirely pale or brownish or black; dorsum brown or greenish brown, or black with pale areas on inner
lateral sides of eyes, and lateral margins of mesoscutum; antennal segment I darker. Male genitalia (Fig. 4A–D): Endosoma
with two unequal apical processes, short process curved opposite of the long one (Fig. 4A). Female genitalia (Fig. 4E): Sclero-
tized rings anteriorly oval, and posteriorly straight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. artemisiae
- Body 4.0–4.6 mm large, usually pale green in texture, basal 1/3 of antennal segment II black or darker, segment I with large
dark spots; and hind femora with distinct black spots (Fig. 3C). Male genitalia (Fig. 4F–J): Endosoma twisted mesially, and
apical processes curved inwardly as in figure 4J. Female genitalia (Fig. 4F): Sclerotized rings oval . . . . . . . . . . E. kiritshenkoi
3. Body size 4.5 mm, dorsum often green (dead specimen sometime brownish), hind femora with both small and large spots api-
cally (Fig. 3E). Male genitalia (Fig. 5C–F): Endosoma with broad and curved apical processes and a leafy chitinised structure
arise mesally (Fig. 5C). Female genitalia (Fig. 5G): Sclerotized rings distinctly asymmetrical and oval . . . . . . . . E. miyamotoi
- Body less than 4 mm, posterior 2/3 of hind femora with aggregated minute spots arranged in rows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Body pale green, hind femora with small and large black spots distally, arranged irregularly, these followed by two rows of
aggregated minute spots towards base but not extending to base (Fig. 3B). Female genitalia (Fig. 5A): Sclerotized rings oval,
with wide posterior and narrow anterior region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E. gilva
- Body pale green, hind femora with few dark aggregated spots ventrally, arranged in rows and extended to base (Fig. 3D); and
bases of tibiae with dark spot. Female genitalia (Fig. 5B): Sclerotized ring oval; posterior wall with somewhat chitinised mem-
brane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. livida
Europiella artemisiae (Becker, 1864)
Figures: 1A, 2A–B, 3A, 4A–E
Capsus artemisiae Becker, 1864: 487 (n. sp.)
Plagiognathus solani Matsumura, 1917: 432 (n. sp.) [syn. by Schuh et al., 1995]
Plagiognathus albipennis antennaria Stichel, 1934: 282 (n. form)
Europiella artemisiae: Schuh et al., 1995: 385 (n. syn., figs.); Schuh, 1995: 313 (cat.); 2001: 251 (n. syn.); Yasunaga, 2001: 162
(diag., fig.); Kerzhner and Josifov, 1999: 344 (cat.).
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EUROPIELLA IN KOREA AND A NEW GENUS
Diagnosis. Generally distinguished by small, oval body; variously colored (pale brown, brown to dark black,);
entirely dark dorsum with pale areas on either inner lateral side of eyes, mesoscutum and base of cuneus; length of
labium nearly equal to length of femora; width of vertex equal to length of antennal segment IV; pale (or dirty
yellow) fore and middle legs, and fuscous (or black) metafemora (Fig. 3A).
Male genitalia (Fig. 4A–D). Endosoma: Shape S–like, slightly twisted mesially, and provided with two apical
processes, short process somewhat curved backward as in figure 4A. Phallotheca: As in figure 4B. Left
paramere: As in figure 4D. Right paramere: As in figure 4C.
Female genitalia (Fig. 4E). Bursa copulatrix somewhat rectangular, central larger area occupied with
semi–sclerotized plates furnished with minute spines; sclerotized rings asymmetrical, anteriorly oval and posterior
margin more or less straight.
Measurements. (5♂/ 5♀). Body length 2.69–3.19/ 2.68–3.08; head width across eyes 0.65–0.70/ 0.62–0.70;
vertex width 0.29–0.35/ 0.34–0.40; lengths of antennal segments I–IV: 0.23–0.26, 0.77–0.95, 0.59–0.66,
0.37–.041/ 0.21–0.25, 0.73–0.80, 0.48–0.58, 0.33–0.42; total length of labium 1.01–1.19/ 1.10–1.17; mesal
pronotal length 0.41–0.45/ 0.43–0.48; basal pronotal width 0.88–1.01/ 0.92–1.03; width across hemelytron
1.10–1.24/ 1.16–1.29; and lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus: 0.88–1.09, 1.44–1.63, 0.43–0.53/ 0.93–1.09,
1.42–1.57, 0.39–0.46.
Specimens examined. North Korea: 3♂, 1♀, Dzikha–ri, 16 km, Südl. Chongdzin, 31.viii.1970, M. Josifov.
South Korea: Chungcheongbuk–do: 4♂, 3♀, Okcheon–gun, Annemyeon, Hyeon–ri, 30.vii.2005, on light trap,
S.H. Lee. Chungcheongnam–do: 1♂, 1♀, Boryeong–si, Ocheon–myeon, Wonsando–ri, 5.viii.2009, R.K. Duwal;
3♂, 4♀, Danjin–gun, 9.x.2008, R.K. Duwal and S. Jung; 3♂, 1♀, Danjin–gun, Seongmun–myeon, Nanjido–ri,
18.viii.2009, R.K. Duwal and S. Jung; 1♂, Danjin–gun, Myeoncheon–myeon, Seongsang–ri, 12.x.2006, S.H. Lee;
2♂, 3♀, Seosan–si, Unsan–myeon, Anho–ri, 31.viii.2006, S.H. Lee; 2♂, Taean–gun, Iwon–myeon, Nae–ri,
31.viii.2006; 10♂, 5♀, Yesan–gun, Sinam–myeon, Yonggung–ri, 3.vii.2006, J.W. Seong; 1♂, 1♀, Yesan–gun,
Deoksan–myeon, Sacheon–ri, Sudeoksa, 11.vii.1991, collector unknown. Gangwon–do: 1♀, Gangneung–si,
Myeongju–dong, Songnim–ri, Yeongokchaen, 27.v.1993, D.S. Gu; 4♂, 4♀, Honcheon–gun, Sambong Natural
forest, 27.vi.2003, J.W. Seong; 2♀, Hongcheon–gun, Nae–myeon, Changchon–ri, 5.vii.2007, Y.J. Lee; 4♂, 4♀,
Wonju–si, Munmak–eup, 1.V.2009, R.K. Duwal and S. Jung; 6♂, 2♀, same data as above, 27.V.2009; 4♂, 6♀,
Pyeongchang–gun, Daegwanryeiong–myeon, Hoenggye 3–ri, 11.viii.2006, J.W. Seong; 1♂, Pyeongchang–gun,
Jinbu–myeon, Dongsan–ri, 30.vii.2007, J.W. Seong; 1♀, Taebaek–si, Mt. Hambaek, 14.ix.1999, G.S. Lee (NAAS);
1♂, Yeongwol–gun, Sangdong–eup, Naedoek–ri, 24.V.2001, J.Y. Choi. Gyeongsangbuk–do: 1♀, Andong–si,
Seokdong–dong, 6.VI.2008, J.O. Lim; 1♀, Andong–si, Yean–myeon, Ingye–ri, 6.vi.2008, J.O. Lim; 1♂,
Mungyeong–si, Buljeong–dong, Buljeonsa, 9.viii.2007, J.W. Seong; 1♂, Yeongyang–gun, Cheonggi–myeon,
Jeongjok–ri, 7.vi.2008, J.O. Lim. Gyeonggi–do: Annyang–si, Gwanak Arboretum, 9.vii.2008, on light trap, R.K.
Duwal and S. Jung; 1♂, 3♀, Icheon–si, Mt. Manhyeong, 1.vii.2008, R.K. Duwal and S. Jung; 2♂,
Yangpyeong–gun, Mt. Yongmun, 11.vi.2009, on light trap, R.K. Duwal and S. Jung; 2♂, same data as above, on
light trap, 18.viii.2009; 1♂, 3♀, Incheon, Gangwa–gun, Hajeom–myeon, Mangwol–ri, 1.vii.2008, R.K. Duwal and
S. Jung; 1♂, 1♀, Gapyeong–gun, Mt. Yumyeong, 14.vi.1997, S.B. Ahn; 1♂, Goyang–si, Deokyanggu,
Gwansandong, 19.vii.2008, S.W. Park; 2♂, 1♀, Incheon, Ganghwa–gun, Yangdo–myeon, Samheung–ri,
10.vi.2007, J.W. Seong; 1♀, Gwanju–si, Docheok–myeon, Sangnim–ri, Mt. Taehwa, 25.ix.2003, Jung and
Chansik; 1♂, Suwon, NAAS, 25.vii.1997, J.Y. Choi (NAAS); 2♂, Yangpyeong–gun, Gangsangmyeon, Sewol–ri,
30.vi.2008, R.K. Duwal and S. Jung. Gyeongsangnam–do: 1♂, Geoje–si, Geoje Arboretum, 25–27.viii.2008, on
Artemisia sp., R.K. Duwal and S. Jung; 7♂, 1♀, Goeje–si, Irun–myeon, Jisimdo, 28–29.viii.2008, on Artemisia,
R.K. Duwal and S. Jung. Jeju–do: 3♂, Jeju–si, Mt. Heandong, Eorimog 27.viii.1997, S.B. Ahn; 1♂, Jeju–si,
Gujwa–eup, Gimnyeong–ri, 27.viii.1997, S.B. Ahn; Jeju–si, Mt. Haeandong, Eorimog, 27.VIII.1994, D.S. Gu; 2♀,
Jeju–si, Aeweol–eup, Eoeum–ri, 14.v.2003; 24♂, 12♀, Jeju–si, 12–15.v.2008, on Artemisia sp., T. Yasunaga, R.K.
Duwal and S. Jung; 1♀, Seogwipo–si, Andeok, 15.v.2003, J.W. Seong. Jeollanam–do: 2♂, 1♀, Gwangyang–si,
Ongnyong–myeon, Chusan–ri, 16–19.vi.2008, R.K. Duwal and S. Jung; 1♀, Hwasun–gun, Hwasun–eup,
Suman–ri, 12.ix.1996, M.L. Lee. Japan: Hokkaido: 2♂, 2♀, Yunotai, Hiyama, 19.viii.1994, T. Yasunaga, det. by
T. Yasunaga, 2008; 1♂, Higashikawa town, 22.viii.1998, on Artemisia spp. T. Yasunaga; 5
th
instar, Tobetsu town,
28.vi.1998, T. Yasunaga.
Distribution. Asia: [Azerbaijan, China, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea*, Russia, Uzbekistan], North America, and
European continents.
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Host. Artemisia absinthium L. and A. vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) [Wagner, 1975].
Remarks. Europiella artemisiae is the most common species of the genus occurring in Korea, feeding on
Artemisia, and abundantly emerging from early spring to late autumn. The formerly reported species from Korea
(Kwon et al., 2001), Europiella albipennis is considered a misidentification of E. artemisiae, because all the
collected materials during our survey from 2008–2011, and the North Korean materials (collections of Josifov)
which were observed in this study, were identified as E. artemisiae rather than E. albipennis. Therefore, we
confirm E. artemisiae occurs in Korea; and E. albipennis is removed from the Korean list.
FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus. A–F. Europiella: A. E. artemisiae. B. E. gilva. C. E. kiritshenkoi. D. E. livida. E–F. E. miyamotoi.
G. Europiellomorpha lividellus. Scale bar: 0.5mm.
Europiella gilva (Kulik, 1965)
Figures: 1B, 3B, 5A
Plagiognathus gilvus: Kulik, 1965: 155 (n. sp., desc., figs.); Kerzhner, 1979: 54 (desc., figs.); 1988a: 855 (key)
Europiella gilva: Schuh et al., 1995: 390 (n. com.); Kerzhner and Josifov, 1999: 345 (cat.); Kwon et al., 2001: 171 (cat.).
Diagnosis. Generally recognized by medium–sized, elongated oval body; entirely pale greenish coloration; pale
dorsum with dark areas underneath apex of cuneus; ventrally densely distributed spots at distal region of
metafemora arranged in two rows towards the base (Fig. 3B).
Male genitalia. For figure and description of male genitalia, see Kerzhner, 1979: 51 (as Plagiognathus gilvus).
Female genitalia (Fig. 5A). Bursa copulatrix with semi–sclerotized areas on posterior regions beneath the
sclerotized rings, sclerotized rings somewhat oval, broad and thin–rimmed.
Measurements. (5♀). Body length 3.55–3.86; head width across eyes 0.77–0.83; vertex width 0.38–0.48;
lengths of antennal segments I–IV: 0.22–0.28, 0.92–0.97, 0.52–0.62, 0.34–0.41; total length of labium 1.40–1.49;
mesal pronotal length 0.57–0.65; basal pronotal width 1.26–1.40; width across hemelytron 1.63–1.74; and lengths
of metafemur, tibia and tarsus: 1.22–1.32, 1.86–1.99, 0.42–0.51.
Specimens examined. South Korea: Gangwon–do: 5♀, Honcheon–gun, Sambong Natural forest, 25.vi.2003,
on light trap, J.W. Seong. Jeollanam–do: 1♀, Jangseong–gun, on light trap, R.K. Duwal. Gyeongsangnam–do:
1♀, Goeje–si, Irun–myeon, Jisimdo, 28–29.viii.2008, R.K. Duwal and S. Jung.
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Distribution. Korea, Russia.
Host. Radbosia excisa (Maxim.) H. Hara (Lamiaceae) [Kerzhner, 1988a, Schuh et al., 1995].
Remarks. Europiella gilva is recognized from only a few female specimens from light traps; therefore, its
biology is unknown in Korea.
FIGURE 2. Habitus images of live individuals: A. Europiella artemisiae (♂ on Artemisia spp.) B. Same 5
th
instar. C. E.
miyamotoi (♀ on Aster glehni). D. Same 5
th
instar. E–F. Europiellomorpha lividellus (2♀ on Artemisia sp.).
Europiella kiritshenkoi Kulik, 1975
Figures: 1C, 3C, 4F–J
Plagiognathus kiritshenkoi: Kulik, 1975: 587 (n. sp.); Kerzhner, 1979: 55 (desc., figs.); 1988a: 855 (key)
Europiella kiritshenkoi: Schuh et al., 1995: 390 (n. comb.); Schuh, 1995: 513 (cat.); Kerzhner and Josifov, 1999: 345 (cat.).
Diagnosis. Generally recognized by its large body; usually greenish coloration; large black spot on antennal
segment I, and segment II with basal 1/2 or 1/3 region black; length of segment II nearly equal to length of
metafemora; short labium reaching apex of mesocoxae; yellowish metafemora ventrally with spots as in figure 3C.
Male genitalia (Fig. 4G–J). Endosoma: Shape S–like, completely twisted at mesial region, apical processes
curved, the short one apically curved as a hook in figure 4J. Phallotheca: Broad, short and apically narrow as in
figure 4G. Left paramere: As in figure 4H. Right paramere: As in figure 4I.
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Female genitalia (Fig. 4F). Bursa copulatrix with semi–sclerotized plates centrally, and sclerotized rings
somewhat oval.
Measurements. (5♂/ 5♀). Body length 4.04–4.67/ 4.43–4.62; head width across eyes 0.84–0.89/ 0.86–0.91;
vertex width 0.45–0.50/ 0.42–0.54; lengths of antennal segments I–IV: 0.33–0.36, 1.45–1.65, 1.00–1.17,
0.49–0.59/ 0.31–0.40, 1.46–1.55, 0.98–1.15, 0.57–0.64; total length of labium 1.06–1.26/ 1.21–1.28; mesal
pronotal length 0.60–0.66/ 0.55–0.65; basal pronotal width 1.25–1.31/ 1.32–1.43; width across hemelytron
1.55–1.71/ 1.64–1.73; and lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus: 1.50–1.62, 2.45–2.58, 0.56–0.71/ 2.23–2.53,
0.61–0.68, 0.59–0.66.
Specimens examined. South Korea: Gangwon–do: 7♂, 17♀, Wonju–si, Munmak, 27.v.2009, on Artemisia
sp. R.K. Duwal and S. Jung; 49♂, 42♀, same data as above except date, 27.v.2009. Gyeonggi–do: 1♀,
Yangpyeong–gun, 11.vi.2009, on light trap, same collectors.
Distribution. China, Korea*, Russia.
Host. Artemisia vulgaris L. (Asteraceae) [Kulik, 1975].
Remarks. A large number of Europiella kiritshenkoi were aggregating on Artemisia sp. along a river and a few
were collected in a light trap.
FIGURE 3. Images of ventral side of hind legs. A. Europiella artemisiae. B. E. gilva. C. E. kiritshenkoi. D. E. livida. E. E.
miyamotoi. F. Europiellomorpha lividellus. Scale bar: 1.0mm.
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FIGURE 4. Genital illustrations of Europiella. A–E. E. artemisiae. F–J. E. kiritshenkoi. A, J. Endosoma. B, G. Phallotheca. C,
I. Right paramere. D, H. Left paramere. E, F. Bursa copulatrix of female genitalia. Scale bar: male: 0.2mm; female: 0.1mm.
Europiella livida (Reuter, 1906)
Figures: 1D, 3D, 5B
Plagiognathus lividus: Reuter, 1906: 73 (n. sp.); Kerzhner, 1979: 54 (desc., figs.); 1988a: 855 (key).
Europiella livida: Schuh et al., 1995: 390 (n. comb.); Schuh 1995: 316 (cat.); Kerzhner and Josifov, 1999: 346 (cat.); Kwon et
al., 2001: 171 (cat.).
Diagnosis. Generally distinguished by moderate size, elongated oval body; usually pale greenish coloration;
somewhat darker cuneus (than corium) almost grayish; metafemora ventrally with few dark spots, and towards its
base arranged in rows (Fig. 3D); and tibiae with a black spot or ring at their bases.
Male genitalia. For description and figure of male genitalia see Kerzhner 1979: 53 (as Plagiognathus lividus).
Female genitalia (Fig. 5B). Sclerotized rings asymmetrical, oval; and posterior wall with chitinised membrane.
Measurements. (1♀). Body length 2.75; head width across eyes 0.54; vertex width 0.30; lengths of antennal
segments I–IV: 0.21, 0.77, 0.56, 0.39; total length of labium 1.01; mesal pronotal length 0.43; basal pronotal width
0.91; width across hemelytron 1.21; and lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus: 0.98, 1.39, 0.43.
Specimens examined. South Korea: Gyeonggi–do: 1♀, Yangpyeong–gun, Kangsang–myeon, Sewol–ri,
22.viii.2011, R.K. Duwal.
Distribution. China, Korea, Russia.
Host. Artemisia gigantea Kitamura (Asteraceae) [Kerzhner, 1988a].
Remarks. The biology is unknown in Korea because the specimen was collected in a light trap.
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FIGURE 5. Genital illustrations of Europiella. A. E. gilva. B. E. livida. C–G. E. miyamotoi. A, B, G. Bursa copulatrix of
female genitalia. C. Endosoma. D. Right paramere. E. Phallotheca. F. Left paramere. Scale bar: male: 0.2mm; female: 0.1mm.
Europiella miyamotoi (Kerzhner, 1988)
Figures: 1E–F, 2C–D, 3E, 5C–G
Plagiognathus miyamotoi Kerzhner 1988b: 64 (n. sp.)
Europiella miyamotoi: Schuh et al., 1995: 391 (n. comb.); Schuh, 1995: 316 (cat.); Kerzhner and Josifov, 1999: 346 (cat.);
Yasunaga, 2001b: 164 (diag., fig.).
Diagnosis. Generally recognized by large body; usually pale yellow coloration; pale entire antennae and legs;
antennal segment II nearly equal to width of pronotum; short labium reaching apex of mesocoxa; scattered spots
ventrally on distal half of metafemora (Fig. 3E), and dorsally at subapical region with few minute spots; length of
metafemora nearly equal to length of pronotum.
Male genitalia (Fig. 5C–F). Endosoma: Shape S–like, with two broad and sub–equal apical processes; from
the basal curving area, a chitinised slender leafy structure arising as in figure 5C. Phallotheca: As in figure 5E.
Left paramere: Body large, structure as in figure 5F. Right paramere: As in figure 5D.
Female genitalia (Fig. 3G). Bursa copulatrix with semi sclerotized plates, and sclerotized rings asymmetrical,
elongated oval.
Measurements. (1♀). Body length 4.53; head width across eyes 0.87; vertex width 0.45; lengths of antennal
segments I–IV: 0.33, 1.38, 0.95, 0.69; total length of labium 1.45; mesal pronotal length 0.74; basal pronotal width
1.33; width across hemelytron 1.82; and lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus: 1.86, 2.52, 0.62.
Specimens examined. South Korea: Gyeongsangbuk–do: 1♀, Uiseong-gun, 24.v.2000, on Boehmeria nivea
(L.) Gaudich (Urticaceae), S.H. Lee. Japan: Hokkaido: 1♂, Etanbetsu, Asahikawa C., 18.vii.1998, T. and M.
Yasunaga, det. by T. Yasunaga, 2008; 1♀ and 5
th
instar, same data as above, 4.vii.1998, on Aster glehni Fr. Schm.,
T. Yasunaga; 1♀, Aoyama, T. Tobetsu, 2.viii.1997, R. Endoh, det. by T. Yasunaga, 2008.
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Distribution. Japan, Korea*, Russia.
Host. Artemisia gigantea Kitamura (Kerzhner, 1988b); Aster glehni Fr. Schm. (Asteraceae).
Remarks. Only one specimen was observed and was confirmed after comparing it with reference specimens
(Japanese specimens from Yasunaga). The label data showed it was collected on Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich
(Utricaceae), but the breeding host is unknown in Korea.
FIGURE 6. Genital illustrations of Europiellomorpha. A–E. E. lividellus. A. Endosoma. B. Right paramere. C. Left paramere.
D. Phallotheca. E. Bursa copulatrix of female genitalia. Scale bar: male: 0.2mm; female: 0.1mm.
Europiellomorpha Duwal n. gen.
Type species: Europiella lividellus (Kerzhner, 1979).
Diagnosis. Generally distinguished by small, and oval body, entirely pale antennal segments and legs; ventrally
furnished with few large distinct black spots on metafemora, arranged on anterior and posterior margin; long
labium reaching apex of metacoxa.
Description. Male. Body small, oval. COLORATION (Fig. 1G): Generally greenish; head, pronotum,
mesoscutum and scutellum green, tinged with yellow; hemelytron pale. Venter greenish. Antennae pale brown,
segment I and base of segment II tinged with green. Labium pale, segment I tinged with green, and apex of
segment IV brown. All legs pale; metafemora ventrally with one large dark spot on anterior margin and three large
dark spots on posterior margin (Fig. 3F); and tarsal segment III dark. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Dorsum
furnished with appressed, flat serious setae, semierect simple dark setae and soft pale setae. STRUCTURE: Head
projecting anteriorly, convex; labium reaching apex of metacoxae. GENITALIA (Fig. 6A–D): Endosoma: Shape
S–like, partly twisted medially, unequal apical processes bind with membrane saw-like projections present at edge
of one process (serrated edge) (Fig. 6A). Phallotheca: Simple, attenuated towards apex, with blunt end (Fig. 6D).
Left paramere: Simple, anterior process elongated, somewhat curved, and posterior process short and thumb like
(Fig. 6C). Right paramere: Simple, leafy with narrow apex (Fig. 6B).
Female. Similar in color and texture as males. Genitalia (Fig. 6E): Bursa copulatrix trapezoidal and centrally
with semi–sclerotized plates, sclerotized rings asymmetrical, somewhat triangular and lateral margins curved.
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Etymology. Named after the phyline genus Europiella Reuter, to which this new genus is superficially similar.
Discussion. The tiny representative species of Europiellomorpha inhabits various species of Artemisia
(Asteraceae). The external morphology is closely related with those of Europiella; however, the saw-like serrated
edge of the endosoma is regarded as an autapomorphic character for the new genus.
Europiellomorpha lividellus (Kerzhner, 1979), n. comb.
Figures: 1G, 2E–F, 3F, 6A–E
Plagiognathus lividellus: Kerzhner 1979: 51 (desc., figs.); 1988a: 855 (key)
Europiella lividella: Schuh et al., 1995: 391 (n. comb.); Schuh, 1995: 316 (cat.); Kerzhner and Josifov, 1999: 346 (cat.);
Yasunaga, 2001: 162 (diag., fig.); Kwon et al., 2001: 172 (cat.).
Plagiognathus lividellus: Schuh, 2004 (re–comb.)
Diagnosis. Generally distinguished by small, and oval body, usually greenish coloration, entirely pale antennal
segments and legs; ventrally few large black spots on metafemora, one on anterior and three on posterior margin
(Fig. 3F); long labium reaching apex of metacoxae; and mesal serrated edge of the endosoma (Fig. 6A).
Description. As in generic descriptions.
Measurements. (2♂/ 2♀). Body length 3.08–3.17/ 3.16–3.20; head width across eyes 0.68–0.72/ 0.68–0.72;
vertex width 0.32–0.35/ 0.37–0.41; lengths of antennal segments I–IV: 0.25–0.26, 0.93–0.97, 0.62–0.63,
0.47–0.43/ 0.27–0.28, 0.91–0.92, 0.59–0.60, 0.43–0.44; total length of labium 1.15–1.25/ 1.26–1.32; mesal
pronotal length 0.46–0.49/ 0.46–0.49; basal pronotal width 1.06–1.04/ 1.02–1.05; width across hemelytron
1.31–1.32/ 1.35–1.37; and lengths of metafemora, tibia and tarsus: 1.02–1.15, 1.70–1.72, 0.48–0.49/ 1.13–1.19,
1.60–1.71, 0.45–0.46.
Specimens examined. South Korea: Gangwon–do: 1♂, Taebaek, Mt. Hambaeksan, 14.ix.1999, on Artemisia
princeps, G.S. Lee, det. by T. Yasunaga (NAAS). Gyeonggi–do: 1♀, Yangpyeong–gun, Kangsang–myeon,
sewol–ri, 30.vi.2008, R.K. Duwal and S. Jung; 1♂, 1♀, Yangpyeong–gun, Mt. Yongmun, on light trap, 24.vi.2009,
same collectors. Gyeongsangnam–do: 2♂, 2♀, Sancheong–gun, Sincheon–myeon, Jungsan–ri, Mt. Jung,
29.vi.2011, R.K. Duwal (SNU); 1♂, 2♀, same data as above, on light trap. Jeollanam–do: 1♀, Danyang–gun,
Danyang–eup, 27.vii.2011, on light trap, R.K. Duwal; 1♂, 1♀, Jangseong–gun, Mt. Bangjang, 24.vi.2010, on light
trap, R.K. Duwal. Japan: Hokkaido: 1♀ Tomakomai city, 27.Viii.1998, T. Yasunaga. Honshu: 2♀, Komori, Ohtoh
vil. Wakayama, 10.vi.1998, T. and M. Yasunaga, det. by T. Yasunaga, 2000; 1♀, Wakayama Pref., Tanabe city,
10.vi.1998, T. Yasunaga.
Distribution. China, Korea, Russia.
Host. Artemisia gigantea Kitamura (Asteraceae) [Kerzhner, 1978].
Remarks. The specimens were collected from the different kinds of asteraceous plant from random sweeping
as well as in light traps, so the specific breeding host is unknown.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Dr. E. Heiss (TLIA), and Mr. G. Lee (NAAS) for providing North Korean materials for this
study. The first author is indebted to Dr. T. Yasunaga (AMNH) for reference materials from his collection, digital
photographic plate of live individuals and for his precious suggestions. Also, we heartily thank Dr. C. Schaefer
(University of Connecticut) and reviewers for their valuable comments to improve the manuscript. This research
was supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2011–0011055) and by the Korea National
Arboretum (KNA1–1–8), and also was supported by “The Survey of Korean Indigenous Species” of National
Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR) of Ministry of Environment of Korea.
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