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A dynamic process of health risk assessment for business continuity management during the World Exposition Shanghai, China, 2010
Abstract
Reports of health issues related to mass gatherings around the world have indicated a potential for public health and medical emergencies to occur on a scale that could place a significant impact on business continuity for national and international organisations. This paper describes a risk assessment process for business continuity management that was performed as part of the planning efforts related to the World Expo 2010 Shanghai China (Expo), the world's largest mass gathering to date. Altogether, 73 million visitors attended the Expo, generating over US$2bn of revenue. During 2008 to 2010, the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention performed a dynamic series of four disaster risk assessments before and during the Expo. The purpose of this assessment process was to identify, analyse and evaluate risks for public health security during different stages of the Expo. This paper describes an overview of the novel approach for this multiple and dynamic process of assessment of health security risk for ensuring business continuity.
... With respect to local and regional collaboration around global health security, the literature highlighted the importance of engaging civil society and privatesector stakeholders, law enforcement, the intelligence community, academia, and political leaders [41,42,48,49]. The extent to which these non-public health entities could serve as another indicator of the robustness of a country's collaborative health security efforts. ...
Background:
Since the 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola epidemic, the concept of measuring health security capacity has become increasingly important within the broader context of health systems-strengthening, enhancing responses to public health emergencies, and reducing global catastrophic biological risks. Efforts to regularly and sustainably track the evolution of health security capabilities and capacities over time - while also accounting for political, social, and environmental risks - could help countries progress toward eliminating sources of health insecurity. We sought to aggregate evidence-based principles that capture a country's baseline public health and healthcare capabilities, its health security system performance before and during infectious disease crises, and its broader social, political, security, and ecological risk environments.
Methods:
We conducted a scoping review of English-language scholarly and gray literature to identify evidence- and practice-based indicators and proxies for measuring health security at the country level over time. We then used a qualitative coding framework to identify recurrent themes in the literature and synthesize foundational principles for measuring global health security. Documents reviewed included English-language literature published after 2001 until the end of the research period-September 2017-to ensure relevance to the current global health security landscape; literature examining acute infectious disease threats with potential for transnational spread; and literature addressing global health security efforts at the country level.
Results:
We synthesized four foundational principles for measuring global health security: measurement requires assessment of existing capacities, as well as efforts to build core public health, healthcare, and biosecurity capabilities; assessments of national programs and efforts to mitigate a critical subset of priority threats could inform efforts to generate useful metrics for global health security; there are measurable enabling factors facilitating health security-strengthening efforts; and finally, measurement requires consideration of social, political, and ecological risk environments.
Conclusion:
The themes identified in this review could inform efforts to systematically assess the impacts and effectiveness of activities undertaken to strengthen global health security.
Istituto Superiore di Sanità
Contribution of digital disease surveillance to infectious disease surveillance in Italy, 2007-2017.
Flavia Riccardo, Martina Del Manso, Maria Grazia Caporali, Silvia Declich, Stefania Giannitelli, Jens Linge, Danilo
Cereda, Alessandra Piatti, Virgilio Costanzo, Loredana Vellucci, Elvira Rizzuto, Caterina Rizzo, Patrizio Pezzotti,
Giovanni Rezza and the Italian Working Group EpiInt Sentinel
2017, v, 48 p. Rapporti ISTISAN 17/21 (in Italian)
An early warning system aims to identify in a timely way acute events of possible impact on public health and, in
particular, those with a potential to become public health emergencies of international concern. Epidemic Intelligence
is an innovative approach that combines event-based surveillance (unconventional sources of information, e.g. media,
blogs, administrative data, social media, etc.) and indicator-based surveillance (existing epidemiological surveillance
system data). Event-based surveillance has been used in pilot projects in Italy, set up thanks to the joint efforts of the
Ministry of Health, the Istituto Superiore di Sanità (ISS, the National Institute of Health in Italy) and the Italian
Regions. Event-based surveillance has been perceived as useful by Italian end users on various occasions. This report
synthesizes the Italian experience on event-based surveillance to raise awareness, strengthen a culture of Epidemic
Intelligence in Italy and foster the creation of an Italian network of referral experts for the analysis, reception and / or
validation of events.
Key words: Epidemic Intelligence; Event-based surveillance; Early warning systems
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