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Una nueva especie de rana de cristal del género Hyalinobatrachium (Anura: Centrolenidae) del Delta del Río Orinoco, Venezuela
Abstract
A new species of Hyalinobatrachium of the fleischmanni group, H. mondolfii, is described from the Orinoco delta floodplain in Venezuela. This new species can be distinguished from other congeners by the following combination of characters: parietal peritoneum clear, pericardium white, visceral and hepatic peritoneum white, color in life pale green with diminute yellow spots and, in preservative, cream with small dark melanophore (visible only under magnification), bones white in life, extense webbing, snout round in dorsalv view and inclinate in lateral view, dorsal skin granulate and a advertisement call with a fundamental frequency greater than 5000 Hz.
... Hyalinobatrachium occurs from the western side of Central and South America along the Pacific coast to the eastern side in the Amazon and Orinoco drainages. Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii Señaris and Ayarzagüena, 2001 has a wide distribution, which includes localities in the Orinoco basin, such as its type locality in Venezuela (Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2001), and localities in the Amazon basin of Bolivia (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011a), Brazil (Avila-Pires et al. 2010Oliveira et al. 2015), and Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011b;Fouquet et al. 2015). Despite the proximity of sites such as Leticia (Colombia) and Pando (Bolivia) to Peru, this species has not been recorded in Peru. ...
... Hyalinobatrachium occurs from the western side of Central and South America along the Pacific coast to the eastern side in the Amazon and Orinoco drainages. Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii Señaris and Ayarzagüena, 2001 has a wide distribution, which includes localities in the Orinoco basin, such as its type locality in Venezuela (Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2001), and localities in the Amazon basin of Bolivia (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011a), Brazil (Avila-Pires et al. 2010Oliveira et al. 2015), and Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011b;Fouquet et al. 2015). Despite the proximity of sites such as Leticia (Colombia) and Pando (Bolivia) to Peru, this species has not been recorded in Peru. ...
... Despite the proximity of sites such as Leticia (Colombia) and Pando (Bolivia) to Peru, this species has not been recorded in Peru. Señaris and Ayarzagüena (2001) described the advertisement call of type specimens. ...
We used an integrative taxonomy approach to investigate the taxonomic identity of several populations of glassfrogs from Peru, which are notoriously challenging to identify due to their overall similarity in morphology and coloration. We relied on comparisons of morphology, bioacoustics, and partial fragments of 16S rRNA DNA sequences. We report for the first time the presence of Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii in Peru, being this the southernmost locality known for the species. Likewise, we update and extend the distribution ranges of Rulyrana spiculata and Cochranella nola in the Andes of Peru, provide a 16S sequence of a topotype of R. spiculata, and confirm its presence in Bolivia. For all three species, we increase the current knowledge on their geographic distribution and genetic and phenotypic variation.
... Esta familia es un grupo de anfibios aparentemente monofilético (Ruiz-Carranza y Lynch 1991, Darst y Cannatella 2004, Wiens et al. 2005), conocida comúnmente bajo el nombre de ranas de cristal. Treinta y dos especies de Centrolenidae se han asignado al género Hyalinobatrachium (Señaris 2001 [ " 1999 " ]; Señaris 2001; Duellman y Señaris 2003; Noonan y Bonett 2003; Frost 2004, Señaris y Ayarzagüena 2005, Heredia y McDiarmid 2006). Este género se distribuye desde el sur de México hasta América del Sur, donde ocupa la Cordillera de los Andes desde Venezuela hasta Bolivia, las tierras bajas del Pacífico, la Amazonía y la Orinoquía, con especies en el Macizo Guayanés y el sureste de Brasil y norte de Argentina (Frost 2004, Señaris y Ayarzagüena 2005). ...
... Sin embargo, Myers y Donnelly (1997) (2001) describieron H. crurifasciatum y H. eccentricum como especies con " corazón mayormente visible, solo parte del pericardio blanco " (traducción nuestra). Señaris (2001) no asignó H. crurifasciatum y H. eccentricum a subgrupo alguno ya que mostraban una condición intermedia. Señaris y Ayarzagüena (2005) reportaron la condición intermedia también en H. pallidum y H. taylori. ...
... Sin embargo, el estudio de especímenes provenientes de diferentes localidades, tanto en Centro como Sudamérica (Apendice I), indican que bajo estos dos nombres se encuentran enmascaradas varias especies, cuyo reconocimiento no se ha formalizado a pesar de diferir en características notorias como la coloración del iris, distribución de guanóforos sobre los peritoneos y cantos (Cisneros-Heredia y McDiarmid, datos sin publicar). Algunas poblaciones de ranas previamente relacionadas con el nombre Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni ya han sido reconocidas como taxones diferentes, ej., H. crybetes ó H. guairarepanensis (McCranie y Wilson 1997, Señaris 2001; respectivamente). Lynch y Duellman (1973) en su revisión de los Centrolenidae de Ecuador asignaron seis especímenes de Ecuador y algunos de América Central a Centrolenella (=Hyalinobatrachium) fleischmanni. ...
D. F. Cisneros-Heredia and R. W. McDiarmid. "First record of Hyalinobatrachium ruedai (Amphibia: Centrolenidae) in Ecuador, with notes on other congeneric species". We report the first record of Hyalinobatrachium ruedai for Ecuador, extending its distribution range from Colombia to the central slopes of the Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador. Analysis of additional material and the type series of H. ruedai let us to comment on its morphological and coloration variation. Some characters previously known just from taxa of the Guiana Shield (eg. bicolored iris) are reported from H. ruedai. We suggest to maintain undivided the H. fleischmanni group, without recognition of subgroups. We comment on the taxonomic status of some species from the Pacific region of Ecuador, characterizing H. petersi, and recognizing that currently under the names Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni and H. valerioi there are at least three undescribed species.
... Selected references: Barrio-Amorós and Brewer-Carías (2008); Guayasamín and North (2009);Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2011). Ayarzagüena and Señaris, 2001 Holotype: MHNLS 12710. Type locality: "Primer raudal del Caño Acoima, afluente del Río Grande (8°22'N, 61°32'W), 15 m snm, estribaciones de la serranía de Imataca, Estado Delta Amacuro." ...
... In Venezuela, only known from Delta Amacuro State. Selected references: Señaris and Ayarzagüena (2001, 2005; Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2011). Holotype: MCZ 72497. ...
Abstract.—Presented is an annotated checklist of the amphibians of Venezuela, current as of December 2018. The last comprehensive list (Barrio-Amorós 2009c) included a total of 333 species, while the current catalogue lists 387 species (370 anurans, 10 caecilians, and seven salamanders), including 28 species not yet described or properly identified. Fifty species and four genera are added to the previous list, 25 species are deleted, and
47 experienced nomenclatural changes. Eleutherodactylus terraebolivaris Rivero, 1961 is synonymized with Hylodes incertus Lutz, 1927 as Pristimantis incertus. Oreophrynella dendronastes Lathrop and MacCulloch, 2007, is considered a junior synonym of O. macconnelli (Boulenger 1895). Centrolene Jiménez de la Espada, 1872, is a feminine genus, so all species in the genus are amended. Centrolenella pulidoi Rivero, 1968 is
considered a junior synonym of Hyla benitezi Rivero, 1961, as Boana benitezi. Centrolenella estevesi Rivero, 1968 is considered a junior synonym of Hyla jahni Rivero, 1961, as Hyloscirtus jahni. Illustrated herein are 300 species (77.5% of the total). Lastly, the distributions for all species are revised, species that possibly occur within Venezuela are suggested, and comments are provided on nomenclature and conservation issues.
Resumen.—Se presenta una lista anotada de los anfibios de Venezuela, actualizada hasta diciembre de 2018.
La última lista comprensiva (Barrio-Amorós 2019c) incluyó un total de 333 especies, mientras que la lista actual contiene 387 especies (370 anuros, 10 cecilias y siete salamandras), incluyendo 28 especies aun no descritas o identificadas propiamente. 50 especies y cuatro géneros se añaden a la lista previa, 25 especies se eliminan y 47 de ellas han experimentado cambios nomenclaturales. Eleutherodactylus terraebolivaris Rivero, 1961 se sinonimiza con Hylodes incertus Lutz, 1927, como Pristimantis incertus. Oreophrynella dendronastes Lathrop and MacCulloch, 2007, se considera sinónimo de O. macconnelli (Boulenger, 1895). Centrolene Jiménez de la Espada, 1872, es un género femenino, así que se emendan todos los nombres acorde. Centrolenella pulidoi Rivero, 1968 es considerado sinónimo de Hyla benitezi Rivero, 1961, como Boana benitezi. Centrolenella estevesi Rivero, 1968, se considera sinónimo de Hyla jahni Rivero, 1961, como Hyloscirtus jahni. Se presentan fotografías de 300 especies (77.5% del total). Por último, la distribución de todas las especies es revisada, se sugieren especies que podrían estar presentes en Venezuela y se presentan comentarios sobre nomenclatura
y conservación.
... Nonetheless, much additional study is needed, and this new book on glass frogs has appeared at an opportune time. It presents the results of more than 15 years of observations by Jose Ayarzagriena and Celsa Seriaris in Venezuela (Ayarzagriena 1992; Seriaris and Ayarzaguena 1993Ayarzaguena , 2001Ayarzagiiena and Sefiaris 1996;Seflaris 1999;Duellman and Seiiaris 2003) and is mainly derived from the Ph.D. thesis of the latter author. ...
... Nonetheless, much additional study is needed, and this new book on glass frogs has appeared at an opportune time. It presents the results of more than 15 years of observations by Jose Ayarzagriena and Celsa Seriaris in Venezuela (Ayarzagriena 1992; Seriaris and Ayarzaguena 1993Ayarzaguena , 2001Ayarzagiiena and Sefiaris 1996;Seflaris 1999;Duellman and Seiiaris 2003) and is mainly derived from the Ph.D. thesis of the latter author. ...
... Nonetheless, much additional study is needed, and this new book on glass frogs has appeared at an opportune time. It presents the results of more than 15 years of observations by Jose Ayarzagriena and Celsa Seriaris in Venezuela (Ayarzagriena 1992; Seriaris and Ayarzaguena 1993Ayarzaguena , 2001Ayarzagiiena and Sefiaris 1996;Seflaris 1999;Duellman and Seiiaris 2003) and is mainly derived from the Ph.D. thesis of the latter author. ...
... Nonetheless, much additional study is needed, and this new book on glass frogs has appeared at an opportune time. It presents the results of more than 15 years of observations by Jose Ayarzagriena and Celsa Seriaris in Venezuela (Ayarzagriena 1992; Seriaris and Ayarzaguena 1993Ayarzaguena , 2001Ayarzagiiena and Sefiaris 1996;Seflaris 1999;Duellman and Seiiaris 2003) and is mainly derived from the Ph.D. thesis of the latter author. ...
... Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii Senari & Ayarzagüena, 2001 was described in the state of Monagas, Venezuela (Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2001) and its distribution has been widely extended to include Bolivia (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011a), Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011b. The species has been found exclusively associated with riverbank vegetation. ...
... n=19). This call corresponds to other calls of populations of H. mondolfii from Bolivia (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011a) and at the type locality in Venezuela (Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2001), with the first presenting a highpitched and tonal single note lasting 180-250 ms and dominant frequency at approximately 5000 Hz and, the last, with dominant frequency between 5070-5146Hz (X = 5106 ± 25.7), intervals between calls between 6.14-11.7s (X = 8.14 ± 2.58); call length between 82-212ms (X = 194.8 ...
Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii Senari & Ayarzagüena, 2001 was described in the state of Monagas, Venezuela (Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2001) and its distribution has been widely extended to include Bolivia (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011a), Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011b). The species has been found exclusively associated with riverbank vegetation. The following unique combination of characters differentiates Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii from all other species in the genus: snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view, tympanic membrane not visible in life, pericardium white with minute melanophores, dorsal color green in life with small yellow dots and minute melanophores (Figure 1); when in preservative, dorsal color pale cream, dotted with minute melanophores and yellow dots (can be lost in some specimens); color of iris reticulated by dark spots in life, bones white, hands and feet yellow in life (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011b). During a herpetofaunistic inventory carried out on 30 January 2010 in the municipality of Feijó, state of Acre, Brazil, on the left bank of the Jurupari River (08°09' S & 70°21' W), we found seven individuals of H. mondolfii calling on the riverbank vegetation, at heights ranging from 3–5 m from the water surface. All individuals were collected and housed in the herpetological collection of Universidade Federal do Acre – ChUFAC, with the following voucher numbers: 4486, 4566, 4567, 4568, 4569, 4570, 4571 and 4572. One individual (4486) was recorded calling in 5 m from the water surface at 23:00 (27°C and 89% RH) using digital recorder (Sony ® ICD-CX50), with directional microphone (shotgun) Yoga 380-A. Abstract: In this work, we record the first occurrence of Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii from the state of Acre. It is the second record from Brazil.
... Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii Senari & Ayarzagüena, 2001 was described in the state of Monagas, Venezuela (Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2001) and its distribution has been widely extended to include Bolivia (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011a), Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011b. The species has been found exclusively associated with riverbank vegetation. ...
... n=19). This call corresponds to other calls of populations of H. mondolfii from Bolivia (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011a) and at the type locality in Venezuela (Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2001), with the first presenting a highpitched and tonal single note lasting 180-250 ms and dominant frequency at approximately 5000 Hz and, the last, with dominant frequency between 5070-5146Hz (X = 5106 ± 25.7), intervals between calls between 6.14-11.7s (X = 8.14 ± 2.58); call length between 82-212ms (X = 194.8 ...
Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii Senari & Ayarzagüena, 2001 was described in the state of Monagas, Venezuela (Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2001) and its distribution has been widely extended to include Bolivia (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011a), Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011b). The species has been found exclusively associated with riverbank vegetation. The following unique combination of characters differentiates Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii from all other species in the genus: snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view, tympanic membrane not visible in life, pericardium white with minute melanophores, dorsal color green in life with small yellow dots and minute melanophores (Figure 1); when in preservative, dorsal color pale cream, dotted with minute melanophores and yellow dots (can be lost in some specimens); color of iris reticulated by dark spots in life, bones white, hands and feet yellow in life (Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011b). During a herpetofaunistic inventory carried out on 30 January 2010 in the municipality of Feijó, state of Acre, Brazil, on the left bank of the Jurupari River (08°09' S & 70°21' W), we found seven individuals of H. mondolfii calling on the riverbank vegetation, at heights ranging from 3–5 m from the water surface. All individuals were collected and housed in the herpetological collection of Universidade Federal do Acre – ChUFAC, with the following voucher numbers: 4486, 4566, 4567, 4568, 4569, 4570, 4571 and 4572. One individual (4486) was recorded calling in 5 m from the water surface at 23:00 (27°C and 89% RH) using digital recorder (Sony ® ICD-CX50), with directional microphone (shotgun) Yoga 380-A. Abstract: In this work, we record the first occurrence of Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii from the state of Acre. It is the second record from Brazil.
... ignioculus Noonan and Bonett, 2003 in Guyana;H. fleischmanni (Boettger, 1893) in Guyana and Suriname (records dubious, probably due to confusion with other species, see Noonan & Harvey 2000;Señaris "1999Señaris " " [2001; Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid 2007;Frost 2007; not listed in Señaris & MacCulloch 2005); H. nouraguensis Lescure andMarty, "2000" (2001) in Guyana, French Guiana and Brazil (Cordeiro-Duarte et al. 2002;Ernst et al. 2005;Señaris & MacCulloch 2005); and H. taylori (Goin, 1968) in Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana (Lescure 1975;Ayarzagüena 1992;Lescure & Marty "2000" [2001; Señaris & Ayarzagüena 2005;Señaris & MacCulloch 2005). All of these, except H. taylori, are in the Hyalinobatrachium fleis-chmanni Group (Señaris & Ayarzagüena 2005). ...
... During fieldwork in Kaieteur National Park an unidentified and uncollected species of Hyalinobatrachium was detected by its advertisement call. We compared the audiospectogram and oscillogram of this call (Fig. 3d) to those described in the literature and to our own recordings for species of Hyalinobatrachium from the GS, and conclude that the call resembles the one described for H. mondolfii (Señaris & Ayarzagüena 2001 (Fig. 3c). Therefore, we consider the presence of H. mondolfii in Guyana as likely; this species is presently known from ca. 420 km NW of Kaieteur National Park. ...
We provide new distribution records and discuss the taxonomy of three species of Glassfrogs from the Guiana Shield: Centrolene gorzulai, Cochranella helenae, and Hyalinobatrachium taylori. These three species were collected in Kai- eteur National Park in west-central Guyana. Taxonomic changes were based on morphological, bioacoustic and genetic (a fragment of the mitochondrial ribosomal gene 16S) comparisons. We consider Centrolene papillahallicum to be a jun- ior synonym of C. gorzulai. We assign the Venezuelan population of Cochranella oyampiensis to Co. helenae and describe the phenotypic variation of this taxon. We refine the description of Cochranella oyampiensis and transfer it to the Co. spinosa species group. We propose the new name Cochranella helenae Group for those species of Cochranella assigned to the former Co. oyampiensis Group. We report the first record of Cochranella midas for French Guiana, and the first record of Hyalinobatrachium nouraguense, new emendation, for Suriname.
... Hyalinobatra chium cappellei (van Lidth de Jeude, 1904) is distributed in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela (Lescure and Marty 2000;Rodrigues et al. 2010;Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011a;Noronha et al. 2012;Simões et al. 2012;Fouquet et al. 2015;Oliveira et al. 2015a; Blanc 2016; Thompson et al. 2018;Fouquet et al. 2019). Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii Señaris & Ayarzagüena, 2001 is distributed in Amazonia of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela (Señaris and Ayarzagüena 2001;Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2011a;Fouquet et al. 2015). Herein, we provide new state records of H. cappellei and H. mon dolfii in three localities of the Brazilian state of Amapá and an updated geographic distribution map for these species. ...
Glass frogs (Centrolenidae) are widely distributed in the Neotropics. This study presents novel data on two centrolenid species of the genus Hyalinobatrachium Ruiz-Carranza & Lynch, 1991 collected during herpetofaunal surveys carried out in Brazilian Amazonia of the state of Amapá. Here we report the first record of Hyalinobatrachium cappellei (van Lidth de Jeude, 1904) and H. mondolfii Señaris & Ayarzagüena, 2001, extending the known distribution of H. mondolfii 264 km east and filing gaps in the distribution range of H. cappellei in eastern Amazonia.
... Specimens were identified following the literature (Taylor 1949(Taylor , 1951(Taylor , 1952Cochran & Goin 1970;Lynch & Duellman 1973;Duellman 1981;Señaris & Ayarzagüena 2001Cisneros-Heredia & McDiarmid 2007;Kubicki 2007;Kok & Castroviejo-Fisher 2008;Guayasamin et al. 2009;Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2009, 2011band citations therein). To confirm species identities in the taxonomically difficult genus Hyalinobatrachium, we performed a phylogenetic analysis based on DNA sequence data (see below). ...
The Neotropical amphibian family Centrolenidae currently includes 156 named species of nocturnal anurans commonly known as glassfrogs. With 79 species, Colombia is the country with the highest diversity of centrolenids. However, the number of species known to occur in the country remains uncertain because research often results in names being resurrected or placed in synonymy, the description of new taxa, and range extensions of species, including new country records. Based on field trips and assess of additional specimens, herein we report new distribution data for centrolenids species in Colombia. These data include six new distribution records for: (Cochranella granulosa, Nymphargus balionotus, N. chami, N. grandisonae, Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii, and H. pellucidum). Records of C. granulosa and H. pellucidum are the first records of these species from Colombia. Thus, our study increases to 81 the numbers of glassfrogs for this country. Because most Hyalinobatrachium have a conservative morphology, making species identification problematic when only based on external traits, we sequenced a fragment of the mitochondrial gene 16S to confirm species identities within a phylogenetic context. We discuss the taxonomic implications of our results for the recognition of species and populations that are morphologically similar to H. talamancae.
... They are widely distributed in South and Central America (Cisneros-Heredia and Mcdiarmid 2007), although only the genera Teratohyla, Vitreorana, and Hyalinobatrachium have been recorded in Brazil (Segalla et al. 2016). Thirteen species are known to occur in Brazil: Hyalinobatrachium cappellei (Van Lidth de Jeude, 1904), H. carlesvilai , H. iaspidiense (Ayarzagüena, 1992), H. mondolfi (Señaris & Ayarzagüena, 2001), H. munozorum (Lynch & Duellman, 1973), Teratohyla adenocheira (Harvey & Noonan, 2005), T. midas (Lynch & Duellman, 1973), Vitreorana baliomma (Pontes et al., 2014), V. eurygnatha (Lutz, 1925), V. franciscana (Santana et al., 2015), V. parvula (Boulenger, 1895), V. ritae (Lutz & Kloss, 1952) and V. uranoscopa (Müller, 1924) (Segalla et al. 2016). ...
Data on the distribution and calls of glassfrogs are important for taxonomic and conservation purposes. Herein, we describe the acoustic parameters of Teratohyla midas (Anura, Centrolenidae), with notes on distribution in the Brazilian states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, and Pará. The typical advertisement call of T. midas consists of a single pulsed note, with 3 pulses emitted in a very short emission. The advertisement calls of T. midas from Ecuador and French Guiana are distinct from those reported here.
... The advertisement call of I. tayrona also shares some characteristics with the call of species of Hyalinobatrachinae (e.g., it is composed by short notes); however, there are clear interspecific differences in the number and structure of notes. The call of I. tayrona exhibits 3-4 well-defined, non-pulsed notes, whereas the call of most species analyzed by Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2011;i.e., Hyalinobatrachium fleishmanni [Boettger, 1892], H. cappellei [Van Lidth de Jeude, 1904, H. iaspidiense [Ayarzagüena, 1992], H. kawense Castroviejo-Fisher, Vilà, Ayarzagüena, Blanc, andErnst, 2011, H. mondolfii Señaris andAyarzagüena, 2001) exhibit one pulsed note, and the call of H. taylori has 5-9 tonal notes; only in H. tricolor does the number of tonal notes (4) overlap with those of I. tayrona. Calls of other species of Hyalinobatrachinae (e.g., Hyalinobatrachium fragile [Rivero, 1985], H. pellucidum [Lynch and Duellman, 1973]) consist of one tonal note (Wen et al., 2012). ...
We describe the advertisement call and calling perch of Ikakogi tayrona, a glassfrog species endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia), based on 85 calls from 16 individuals. The advertisement call consists of 3-4 "beep" notes with amplitude modulation. Mean note duration was 0.024 ± 0.005 s, with notes separated by silent intervals of 0.085 ± 0.017 s, mean call duration was 0.269 ± 0.031 s, and the dominant frequency of the whole call was 2.713 ± 0.102 kHz, being inversely related with body size of the signaler. The advertisement call of I.Tayrona is clearly distinguished from the call of other glassfrogs and species of Allophrynidae, the sister clade of Centrolenidae. Males called frequently from the underside of leaves. The height of the calling perch ranged from 51-250 cm above the ground. Since I.Tayrona is an early-diverging lineage of glassfrogs, our data offer important baseline information to understand the evolutionary biology of auditory signals and calling behavior in centrolenid frogs.
... Preliminary Checklist of the Herpetofauna of Guyana (2001). This voucher-based checklist has been expanded using available published information, including general studies such as Barrio-Amorós (1999), ), Frost (2004, Duellman (1999), , and Lescure & Marty (2000), and recent publications on regions or particular taxa including: Azevedo-Ramos & Galatti (2001), Barrio-Amorós & Fuentes (2003), Barrio-Amorós et al. (2004), Born & Gaucher (2001a), Clough & Summers (2000, Duellman & Yoshpa (1996), Duellman & Señaris (2003), Fuentes & Barrio-Amorós (2004, Heyer & Thompson (2000), Heyer & Muedeling (2001), , Jungfer & Böhme (2004), La , Lynch (1999), Lynch & Suarez-Mayorga (2001, Lynch & Vargas (2000), MacCulloch & Lathrop (2002), Morales (2000), ), Neckel-Oliveira et al. (2000, Noonan & Harvey (2000), Noonan & Bonett (2003), , Señaris (2000), Señaris & Ayarzagüena (2001, Señaris et al. (2005), Smith & Noonan (2001), and Trueb & Massenin (2000). Additional data from museums were incorporated into the checklist, although not all of those specimens were examined by the authors. ...
... En el contexto de la región Guayana, Gorzula y Señaris (1999) registran 16 especies de anuros en 60 localidades exploradas en el Estado Delta Amacuro, la mayoría de las cuales se ubican en el Alto Delta y caños al sur de río Grande. Recientemente Señaris y Ayarzagüena (2001) describen una nueva especie, Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii, de las planicies inundables de los estados Delta Amacuro y Monagas y, finalmente, Señaris y Barrio (2002) amplían la distribución de Hyla calcarata con ejemplares provenientes del sector sur del delta del Orinoco. ...
Resumen. Como resultado de cinco años (1992-1997) de exploraciones herpetológicas, revisiones bibliográficas y revisión de museos nacionales, se presenta un análisis taxonómico, ecológico y biogeográfico preliminar de los de anuros del delta del río Orinoco. Se reconocen 38 especies de anuros agrupados en 9 familias y 16 géneros, de los cuales las familias Hylidae y Leptodactylidae son las más diversas. táxones con diferentes tipos de distribución geográfica, sin embargo y debido a la dominancia de especies guayanesas y/o amazónicas (50%), se sustenta su inclusión en la región Guayana. Se discute la importancia del río Grande –principal tributario del río Orinoco en el delta– y sus planicies inundables adyacentes en la dispersión de la anurofauna amazónica y/o guayanesa. Abstract. As a result of five years (1992-1997) of herpetological explorations, coupled with bibliographic and museum revisions, a taxonomical, ecological, and biogeographical analysis of the anurans of the Orinoco River delta is presented. Thirty eight anuran amphibians grouped in 9 families and 16 genera are recognized, with hylids and leptodactylids the most diverse. Currently, only one endemic species is known from the Orinoco Delta. Each environment (habitat) shows a particular species assemblage and the utilization of calling sites by anurans in these habitats are discussed. The gallery forests harbour the highest number of species, followed by the marshes, swamp palm forests, floating meadows, altered areas, and finally, swamp forests. The anurofauna of the Orinoco Delta is a mixture of taxa with different geographic distributionspecies; however, since Guayanan and/or Amazonian species dominate, this area is included in the Guayana Region. The role of the Río Grande –the largest Orinoco tributary– and its floodplain is discussed as a factor in the dispersal of the anurans of the Guayana and Amazon regions.
... These minor differences are most likely due to the difference in gene sampling. The two sequences from Pando cluster with maximum support with those of H. munozorum (Lynch & Duellman, 1973) from Ecuador and H. mondolfii Señaris & Ayarzagüena, 2001 from the type locality in Venezuela. The specimen NMP6V 74059 is sister to H. munozorum (BSS = 84) and CBF 6453 is sister to H. mondolfii (BSS = 98). ...
We collected two specimens of the genus Hyalinobatrachium during fieldwork expeditions to the Departamento Pando-the northernmost region of Bolivia situated in the south-western Amazonian basin, within the zone of tall evergreen lowland rainforest. The specimens are deposited in the Coleccion Boliviana de Fauna, La Paz (CBF 6453) and in the National Museum, Prague (NMP6V 74059). Because species identification within Hyalinobatrachium based only on morphological characters is in many cases problematic (Kok & Castroviejo-Fisher 2008; Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2009), we took advantage of published sequences of Hyalinobatrachium to identify our samples. Our results show that each specimen belongs to a different species (H. mondolfii and H. munozorum), none of them previously known to occur in Bolivia. The taxonomic implications of our discovery are briefly discussed.
... These minor differences are most likely due to the difference in gene sampling. The two sequences from Pando cluster with maximum support with those of H. munozorum (Lynch & Duellman, 1973) from Ecuador and H. mondolfii Señaris & Ayarzagüena, 2001 from the type locality in Venezuela. The specimen NMP6V 74059 is sister to H. munozorum (BSS = 84) and CBF 6453 is sister to H. mondolfii (BSS = 98). ...
We collected two specimens of the genus Hyalinobatrachium during fieldwork expeditions to the Departamento Pando—the northernmost region of Bolivia situated in the south-western Amazonian basin, within the zone of tall evergreen lowland rainforest. The specimens are deposited in the Colección Boliviana de Fauna, La Paz (CBF 6453) and in the National Museum, Prague (NMP6V 74059). Because species identification within Hyalinobatrachium based only on morphological characters is in many cases problematic (Kok & Castroviejo-Fisher 2008; Castroviejo-Fisher et al. 2009), we took advantage of published sequences of Hyalinobatrachium to identify our samples. Our results show that each specimen belongs to a different species (H. mondolfii and H. munozorum), none of them previously known to occur in Bolivia. The taxonomic implications of our discovery are briefly discussed.
... Kubicki (2004) reported that most individual of chirripoi call from the undersides of leaves, but some were seen calling from the upper sides of vegetation , but much less frequently. Information on the advertisement calls of a few species of centrolenids is available (McDiarmid & Adler 1974; Wells & Schwartz 1982; Zimmerman & Bogart 1984; Marquez et al. 1996; Grant et al. 1998; Bolivar et al. 1999; Ltters & Khler 2000; Bernal et al. 2004; Searis, 2001; Searis & Ayarzagena 2005, Guayasamin et al. 2006c), but much remains to be learned.. Some taxa have been differentiated from similar species by their calls (e.g., guairarepanensis Señaris, 2001). ...
Anurans of the family Centrolenidae are a diverse clade of arboreal frogs distributed across tropical America. Knowledge of their taxonomy, systematics, ecology, behavior, morphology, and other evolutionary aspects of their biology is deficient. Relationships among centrolenid species remain largely unresolved, with no satisfactory phylogenetic hypothesis, and none of the current genera has compelling evidence of monophyly. Further, understanding the phylogeny of glassfrogs is constrained by species-level taxonomic problems, including incorrect description of characters, incomplete analyses of intraspecific variation, and lack of appreciation of species diversity. Herein, we define and analyze the 23 characters that are useful, in combination, in diagnosing centrolenid species, and thereby provide a reference for the use of future workers. We propose revised classifications for the parietal and visceral peritoneal pigmentation, liver form and coloration of its associated hepatic peritoneum, nuptial excrescences, and hand ornamentation. We comment on the generic and species-level taxonomy of Centrolenidae, proposing the recognition of a new genus and describing a new species from Ecuador. We treat Hyla ocellifera Boulenger as a synonym of Centrolene prosoblepon (Boettger), Hyalinobatrachium cardiacalyptum McCranie & Wilson as a synonym of Hyalinobatrachium chirripoi (Taylor), and Hyalinobatrachium crybetes McCranie and Wilson as a synonym of Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum (Taylor). We also present an annotated list of the species of glassfrogs from the Republic of Ecuador with some distributional remarks.
We describe a new species of Glassfrog, Centrolene mariaelenae n. sp., from the Contrafuerte de Tzunantza, southeastern Ecuador. The new species is assigned to the Centrolene gorzulai species group, a clade previously known only from the Guayana Shield region, because the parietal peritoneum is transparent and the hepatic peritoneum is covered by guanophores. We analyze the diversity patterns of Glassfrogs from eastern Ecuador. The distribution of the new species herein described supports previous hypothesis of a biogeographical connection between the Andes and the Guayana Shield for various groups of plants and animals; particularly a relationship between the Guayana Shield and the sandstone outcrops mountain ranges of southeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru. We also comment on the infrageneric and generic classification of Glassfrogs, and propose the new combinations Centrolene balionotum n. comb., Cochranella antisthenesi n. comb., and Cochranella pulverata n. comb.
Based on field surveys undertaken in two conservation areas, we report new distribution data of Hyalinobatrachium taylori (Goin, 1968) and H. tricolor Castroviejo-Fisher, Vilà, Ayarzagüena, Blanc & Ernst, 2011 from the state of Amapá, northern Brazil. We provide acoustic data from these new populations. These are the first records of H. taylori and H. tricolor from Amapá, extending the geographic distributions of these species by 317 km from Mitaraka and 320 km from Saut Grand Machicou, both in French Guiana, respectively.
In anurans, vocalisations are the main behavioural modality of communication. Hence, the description of acoustic signals in anur-ans is important for understanding many aspects of their biology. We describe for the first time the advertisement calls for eight glass frog species (Centrolene antioquiensis, "Centrolene" robledoi, Nymphargus caucanus, N. chami, N. ignotus, N. rosada, N. spilotus, Sachatamia orejuela) and provide additional data on the recently described advertisement calls of Espadarana audax. In addition, we review the current knowledge of advertisement calls for all glass frog species (Centrolenidae). Based on the predominant temporal and the spectral structure, we identified three major types of calls in the family: 1) calls consisting of unpulsed short notes with amplitude modulation, similar to a 'Tic', 2) calls consisting of one long note (whistled) without amplitude modulation, similar to a 'Tii' and 3) calls consisting of pulsed or pulsatile notes, similar to a 'Trii'. We mapped these acoustic characters in the context of the evolutionary history of Centrolenidae. Descriptions presented here offer evidence to recognise most centrolenid calls using measurable characters in the field or laboratory. As such, we hope to stimulate future studies based on bioacoustical analysis in this widespread and highly diverse Neotropical clade.
Based on field surveys undertaken in two conservation areas, we report new distribution data of Hyalinobatrachium taylori (Goin, 1968) and H. tricolor Castroviejo-Fisher, Vilà, Ayarzagüena, Blanc & Ernst, 2011 from the state of Amapá, northern Brazil. We provide acoustic data from these new populations. These are the first records of H. taylori and H. tricolor from Amapá, extending the geographic distributions of these species by 317 km from Mitaraka and 320 km from Saut Grand Machicou, both in French Guiana, respectively.
The adaptive role of amphibian oocyte melanic pigmentation and its molecular control are still elusive. Here we present evidence of a polymorphism in egg pigmentation in the emerald glass frog Espadarana prosoblepon. In Ecuadorian natural populations of this species, females can lay dark brown or pale eggs that develop into normal pigmented tadpoles and adults. This trait is a sex-limited phenotype that is inherited like a recessive allele that we called pale eggs like (pel). The pel phenotype is exclusive of oocyte cortical melanic pigmentation, which is reduced in comparison to wild type (wt) dark pigmented oocytes. Consequently, pel early embryos are paler in appearance, with reduced melanic pigmentation distributed to early blastomeres and embryonic ectoderm. However, these embryos form normal melanocyte derived pigmentation. Finally, we discuss the origin of this polymorphism and propose the use of E. prosoblepon as a model to study the adaptive role of egg pigmentation.
The premontane anuran assemblage of primary forest habitats was studied during three months of the rainy season in the Cerro Saslaya National Park (SNP), which is included in the Bosawas Biosphere Reserve (RAAN, Nicaragua).. Standardized transect walks (acoustic and visual) as well as visual encounter surveys (VES), were employed for faunistic data acquisition.
Sampling was carried out on two transects on each of the four elevations sampled (780, 800, 920 and 1280 m), making a total of 8 transects. Transect sampling provided mainly data on terrestrial species and one arboreal species not bound to riparian habitats. Riparian species were rarely detected during standardized transect walks. A total of 11 species of the known 14 anurans to occur in the studied elevational range, belonging to five families, were recorded throughout the study. Sampling effort was sparse and limited because of the inaccessibility of the area and distance between the sampling units.
Variations in abundance of particular species between transects and elevations are therefore more likely to be attributed to site effects than to general patterns. Analyses of the visually sampled anuran assemblage by means of regression analysis revealed only a statistical significant response of the abundance of the most recorded species with the habitat parameters slope inclination and distance to nearest water body. Observations
on the data recorded on individuals’ abundance suggest an increase in the density of
individuals for transects with long sections near creeks and in cloud forest conditions. The fact that no anuran species with aquatic reproductive modes have been recorded so far at elevations above 1280 m may be explained by the absence of suitable breeding sites above this elevation.
Four assemblages were described on the basis of all data recorded so far for the study
site on the elevational distribution of 47 reptile and 28 amphibians species. Due to the scarce knowledge of the herpetofauna at S.N.P. observations on the distribution of reptiles and amphibians along elevation possess a preliminary character. Insights are given from patterns to be expected from literature data from the neighbouring countries Honduras and Costa Rica. An attempt was made to relate the herpetofaunal assemblages to the vegetational zonation described for the Park. A sharply defined elevational limit for premontane species appears at 1350 m elevation where high montane evergreen forest starts to occur. Abrupt habitat and thermal changes are accounted for the dominance of species adapted to the montane conditions above this elevation. Observations suggest that herpetofaunal distributionscorrelate with specific microhabitats associated with particular vegetation zones, or are limited by climatic factors.
Two of the endemic species of the S.N.P., elements of the montane forest formation at
the summits of the Park, have closely related taxa in the highlands of Honduras and Costa
Rica. A plausible explanation for the present disjunct distribution of these taxa is proposed, namely a low montane corridor through the Cordillera Chontaleña during palaeoclimatic fluctuations. This explanation arises from combining the knowledge of the paleoclimatic history of the Centro American Isthmus and general geographic knowledge of the orography of Nicaragua with recent findings on Nicaraguan taxa.
A major goal of ecology and evolutionary biology is to explain patterns of species richness among clades. Differences in rates of net diversification (speciation minus extinction over time) may often explain these patterns, but the factors that drive variation in diversification rates remain uncertain. Three important candidates are climatic niche position (e.g., whether clades are primarily temperate or tropical), rates of climatic niche change among species within clades, and microhabitat (e.g., aquatic, terrestrial, arboreal). The first two factors have been tested separately in several studies, but the relative importance of all three is largely unknown. Here we explore the correlates of diversification among families of frogs, which collectively represent ∼88% of amphibian species. We assemble and analyze data on phylogeny, climate, and microhabitat for thousands of species. We find that the best-fitting phylogenetic multiple regression model includes all three types of variables: microhabita...
This work describes a new species of Hyalinobatrachium for the Brazilian Amazon, in the Tapajós biogeographic region, between the Xingu and Tapajós rivers, two large tributaries of the Amazon River. The new species distinguishes itself from all congeneric species by morphological data and genetic distance based on the 16S mitochondrial gene fragment. The new species differentiates from its congeneric ones mainly by the absence of the nuptial excrescence, the white disc I finger and the peritoneum of the yellow gallbladder. Geneticaly for H. munozorum, H. fleischmanni and H. carlesvilai and morphologically similar to H. mondolfii. It will be the sixth one registered for Brazil, occurring in the Tapajós biogeographic region. Keyword: Amphibia, Xingu, Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii, Hyalinobatrachium munozorum, Hyalinobatrach-ium muiraquitan sp. nov. Abbreviations: snout–vent length (SVL); head length (HL); head width (HW); interorbital distance (IOD); eye length (EL); upper eyelid width (EW); eye to snout tip distance (ES); width of disc on Finger III (DW); femur length (FEL); tibia length (TL); foot length (FL).
Guyana has a very distinctive herpetofauna. In this first ever detailed modern accounting, based on voucher specimens, we document the presence of 324 species of amphibians and reptiles in the country; 148 amphibians, 176 reptiles. Of these, we present species accounts for 317 species and color photographs of about 62% (Plates 1–40). At the rate that new species are being described and distributional records are being found for the first time, we suspect that at least 350 species will be documented in a few decades. The diverse herpetofauna includes 137 species of frogs and toads, 11 caecilians, 4 crocodylians, 4 amphisbaenians, 56 lizards, 97 snakes, and 15 turtles. Endemic species, which occur nowhere else in the world, comprise 15% of the herpetofauna. Most of the endemics are amphibians, comprising 27% of the amphibian fauna. Type localities (where the type specimens or scientific name-bearers of species were found) are located within Guyana for 24% of the herpetofauna, or 36% of the amphibians. This diverse fauna results from the geographic position of Guyana on the Guiana Shield and the isolated highlands or tepuis of the eastern part of the Pantepui Region, which are surrounded by lowland rainforest and savannas. Consequently, there is a mixture of local endemic species and widespread species characteristic of Amazonia and the Guianan Region. Although the size of this volume may mislead some people into thinking that a lot is known about the fauna of Guyana, the work has just begun. Many of the species are known from fewer than five individuals in scientific collections; for many the life history, distribution, ecology, and behavior remain poorly known; few resources in the country are devoted to developing such knowledge; and as far as we are aware, no other group of animals in the fauna of Guyana has been summarized in a volume such as this to document the biological resources. We briefly discuss aspects of biogeography, as reflected in samples collected at seven lowland sites (in rainforest, savanna, and mixed habitats below 500 m elevation) and three isolated highland sites (in montane forest and evergreen high-tepui forest above 1400 m elevation). Comparisons of these sites are preliminary because sampling of the local faunas remains incomplete. Nevertheless, it is certain that areas of about 2.5 km2 of lowland rainforest can support more than 130 species of amphibians and reptiles (perhaps actually more than 150), while many fewer species (fewer than 30 documented so far) occur in a comparable area of isolated highlands, where low temperatures, frequent cloudiness, and poor soils are relatively unfavorable for amphibians and reptiles. Furthermore, insufficient study has been done in upland sites of intermediate elevations, where lowland and highland faunas overlap significantly, although considerable work is being accomplished in Kaieteur National Park by other investigators. Comparisons of the faunas of the lowland and isolated highland sites showed that very few species occur in common in both the lowlands and isolated highlands; that those few are widespread lowland species that tolerate highland environments; that many endemic species (mostly amphibians) occur in the isolated highlands of the Pakaraima Mountains; and that each of the isolated highlands, lowland savannas, and lowland rainforests at these 10 sites have distinctive faunal elements. No two sites were identical in species composition. Much more work is needed to compare a variety of sites, and especially to incorporate upland sites of intermediate elevations in such comparisons. Five species of sea turtles utilize the limited areas of Atlantic coastal beaches to the northwest of Georgetown. All of these are listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature as being of global concern for long-term survival, mostly owing to human predation. The categories of Critically Endangered or Endangered are applied to four of the local sea turtles (80%). It is important to protect the few good nesting beaches for the sea turtles of Guyana. We have documented each of the species now known to comprise the herpetofauna of Guyana by citing specimens that exist in scientific collections, many of which were collected and identified by us and colleagues, including students of the University of Guyana (UG). We also re-identified many old museum specimens collected by others in the past (e.g., collections of William Beebe) and we used documented publications and collection records of colleagues, most of whom have been working more recently. We present dichotomous keys for identifying representatives of the species known to occur in Guyana, and we present brief annotated species accounts. The accounts provide the current scientific name, original name (with citation of the original description, which we personally examined in the literature), some outdated names used in the recent past, type specimens, type localities, general geographic distribution, examples of voucher specimens from Guyana, coloration in life (and often a color photograph), and comments pointing out interesting subjects for future research.
Sarisariñama is a pink sandstone plateau with a total area (summit and slope) of 832 km2 located about 600 km SE of Caracas, in Estado Bolívar, Venezuela. It includes diverse environments along an elevational gradient from 400 m up to an elevation of 2100 m at its western cliffs. Sarisarińama is well known among spelunkers for its sinkholes (simas), among which Sima Mayor is the largest on earth. Herpetofaunal surveys at four camps in the uplands and two at the base of the massif revealed 32 species, four of which are here described as new taxa. These include three frogs in the genera Hyalinobatrachium, Anomaloglossus, and Pristimantis, and one gecko (genus Gonatodes). In addition to these new species, we name a fifth based on evidence that populations hitherto known as Hypsiboas benitezl from east of the Maigualida-Parima Mountains, including our Sarisarińama sample, are distinct species. Our sample of Stefania riae contained individuals with four different color patterns. Two aquatic species of lizards, Neusticurus racenisi and N. tatei, were found to occur microsympatrically and we provide a diagnosis for the poorly known N. tatei. Norops ortonii is reported for the second time from Venezuela. Dendrobates leucomelas was abundant in lowland areas around the massif. The significance of this frog for the indigenous Ye'kwana is commented upon, including its iconographic importance in basket weaving. We also include data on three other species of interest collected at Sarisariñama by a 1988 expedition from Simón Bolívar University and Radio Caracas Televisión. Throughout, we reference common names for most species in the indigenous Ye'kwana language, and we provide information on local legends and cultural anecdotes involving some of the local species. We comment on the zoogeography of the Sarisariñama herpetofauna by comparing it with that of other known tepuis.
Environmental noise can be an important selective force modulating signal evolution in species with acoustic communication. Many anuran species breed alongside streams; hence, the sound produced by the flowing water is an important source of noise for acoustic communication. Since calling is physiologically very expensive in anurans, and communication is essential for reproduction, we expected adaptations that reduce envi-ronmental masking effects and allow acoustic communication in streamside breeders. This basic assumption of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis has not been yet evaluated at a large phylogenetic scale. We combined ahistorical and phylogenetic methods to test whether anuran species that breed alongside streams call at higher frequencies than species that breed away from streams. We compiled primary and secondary data on body size, breeding habitat, and the dominant frequency of the advertisement call for 110 species; 40 of them breed alongside streams and 70 away from streams. Call frequency was slightly higher and body size was significantly smaller in streamside breeding species. After controlling for the effects of body size and phylogenetic signal, only differences in body size persisted between species breeding at both kinds of habitats. Our data suggest that habitat filtering rather than acoustic adaptation explains the high call frequency of stream breeders. Species with large body size, pleiotropically constrained to utter low-frequency calls, would have succeeded less often in establishing viable populations alongside streams, due to the masking effect of low-frequency noise. Thus, small species calling at relatively high frequencies would be more common there. Although our data do not preclude adaptations
Environmental noise can be an important selective force modulating signal evolution in species with acoustic communication. Many anuran species breed alongside streams; hence, the sound produced by the flowing water is an important source of noise for acoustic communication. Since calling is physiologically very expensive in anurans, and communication is essential for reproduction, we expected adaptations that reduce environmental masking effects and allow acoustic communication in streamside breeders. This basic assumption of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis has not been yet evaluated at a large phylogenetic scale. We combined ahistorical and phylogenetic methods to test whether anuran species that breed alongside streams call at higher frequencies than species that breed away from streams. We compiled primary and secondary data on body size, breeding habitat, and the dominant frequency of the advertisement call for 110 species; 40 of them breed alongside streams and 70 away from streams. Call frequency was slightly higher and body size was significantly smaller in streamside breeding species. After controlling for the effects of body size and phylogenetic signal, only differences in body size persisted between species breeding at both kinds of habitats. Our data suggest that habitat filtering rather than acoustic adaptation explains the high call frequency of stream breeders. Species with large body size, pleiotropically constrained to utter low-frequency calls, would have succeeded less often in establishing viable populations alongside streams, due to the masking effect of low-frequency noise. Thus, small species calling at relatively high frequencies would be more common there. Although our data do not preclude adaptations to noisy habitats in some anuran species, they do not provide support for the acoustic adaptation hypothesis at a wider phylogenetic scale.
Basic information about the taxonomy, biology and distribution of Hyalinobatrachium glassfrogs of the Guiana Shield (GS) is scarce, ambiguous, and in many cases even contradictory. In this review we aim to clarify the current taxonomic status of this group by means of phenotypic (morphology, morphometrics and bioacoustics) and molecular (mitochondrial DNA sequences) comparisons. Eight species have previously been recognized for the GS: H. crurifasciatum, H. eccentri-cum, H. fleischmanni (initially described as Hylella cappellei in the GS), H. iaspidiense (with the putative synonym H. nouraguense), H. ignioculus, H. mesai, H. mondolfii, and H. taylori. Our data support the resurrection of H . cappellei from its synonymy with H. fleischmanni. Hyalinobatrachium crurifasciatum, H. eccentricum, and H. ignioculus are pro-posed as junior synonyms of H. cappellei. We show that none of the four paratypes of H. taylori belong to this species and we assign two to H. cappellei and two to H. mondolfii. Additional specimens previously identified as H. taylori are reas-signed to H. cappellei, and hence H. taylori is redefined. Hyalinobatrachium nouraguense is confirmed as a junior synonym of H. iaspidiense. We also describe two new species of Hyalinobatrachium from French Guiana: Hyalinobatrachium kawense sp. nov. and Hyalinobatrachium tricolor sp. nov. In addition, and in concordance with the new taxonomic rearrangements, we provide diagnostic characters for all species, known distributions and main sources of references for their biology. We also report new distribution records for H. iaspidiense and H. mondolfii, and describe the formerly unknown tadpole of the later. Consequently, we recognize seven species of Hyalinobatrachium for the Guiana Shield: H. cappellei, H. iaspidiense, H. kawense sp. nov., H. mesai, H. mondolfii, H. taylori, and H. tricolor sp. nov. We discuss the suitability of integrative taxonomy as an approach to identify taxonomic uncertainty and consider its signifi-cance for conservation purposes. We also address the implications of our results to understand phylogeographic patterns in this area.
Glassfrogs (family Centrolenidae) represent an exceptionally diverse group among Neotropical anurans, but their evolutionary relationships never have been assessed from a molecular perspective. Mitochondrial and nuclear markers were used to develop a novel hypothesis of centrolenid phylogeny. Ingroup sampling included 100 terminals, with 78 (53%) of the named species in the family, representing most of the phenotypic diversity described for the group. Thirty-five species representing taxa traditionally associated with glassfrogs were used as outgroups. Gene sampling consisted of complete or partial sequences of three mitochondrial (12S, 16S, ND1) and three nuclear markers (c-myc exon 2, RAG1, POMC) for a total of 4362 bp. Phylogenies were estimated using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses for individual genes and combined datasets. The separate analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear datasets allowed us to clarify the relationships within glassfrogs; also, we corroborate the sister-group relationship between Allophryne ruthveni and glassfrogs. The new phylogeny differs significantly from all previous morphology-based hypotheses of relationships, and shows that hypotheses based on few traits are likely to misrepresent evolutionary history. Traits previously hypothesized as unambiguous synapomorphies are shown to be homoplastic, and all genera in the current taxonomy (Centrolene, Cochranella, Hyalinobatrachium, Nymphargus) are found to be poly- or paraphyletic. The new topology implies a South American origin of glassfrogs and reveals allopatric speciation as the most important speciation mechanism. The phylogeny profoundly affects the traditional interpretations of glassfrog taxonomy, character evolution, and biogeography—topics that now require more extensive evaluation in future studies.
We describe a new species of Glassfrog, Centrolene mariaelenae n. sp., from the Contrafuerte de Tzunantza, southeastern Ecuador. The new species is assigned to the Centrolene gorzulai species group, a clade previously known only from the Guayana Shield region, because the parietal peritoneum is transparent and the hepatic peritoneum is covered by guanophores. We analyze the diversity patterns of Glassfrogs from eastern Ecuador. The distribution of the new species herein described supports previous hypothesis of a biogeographical connection between the Andes and the Guayana Shield for various groups of plants and animals; particularly a relationship between the Guayana Shield and the sandstone outcrops mountain ranges of southeastern Ecuador and northeastern Peru. We also comment on the infrageneric and generic classification of Glassfrogs, and propose the new combinations Centrolene balionotum n. comb., Cochranella antisthenesi n. comb., and Cochranella pulverata n. comb.
We describe a new species of Centrolene from the highlands of western Guyana. The only other described Centrolene known from the Guianan Shield is C. gorzulai which differs from the new species in jaw shape, texture of the skin, peritoneal coloration, condition of the prepollex, and presence of an inner metatarsal tubercle. The only centrolenid genus previously recorded from Guyana is Hyalinobatrachium. Other than members of the genus Hyalinobatrachium, this new Centrolene is the only described centrolenid to have a white hepatic peritoneum. The new species is unique among all members of the genus Centrolene in the absence of guanophores (white pigment) in the parietal peritoneum. The new species does not conform to any of the currently recogmzed species groups of the genus Centrolen.
Una nueva especie del género Centrolenella Noble, 1920 (Amphibia: Anura: Centrolenidae) de la Cordillera Occidental de Colombia
- M. Barrera-Rodríguez
- P. Ruíz-Carranza
Los centrolénidos de Venezuela (Amphibia, Salientia)
- J A Rivero
Rivero, J.A. 1968. Los centrolénidos de Venezuela (Amphibia, Salientia). Mem. Soc. Cien. Natur. La Salle 28:
301-334.
Los centrolénidos de la Guayana Venezolana
- J Ayarzagüena
Ayarzagüena, J. 1992. Los centrolénidos de la Guayana
Venezolana. Publ. Asoc. Amigos Doñana 1: 1-48.
New frogs from Panamá and Costa Rica
- E R Dunn
Dunn, E.R. 1931. New frogs from Panamá and Costa Rica. Occ. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5: 385-401.
Distribution and synonymy of Centrolenella fleischmanni in northern South America
- C Goin
Goin, C. 1964. Distribution and synonymy of Centrolenella fleischmanni in northern South America. Herpetologica 21: 115-118.
A Tepui herpetofauna on a Granitic Mountain (Tamacuari) in the borderland between Venezuela and Brazil: Report from the Phipps Tapirapecó expedition
- C W M A Myers
- Donnelly
Myers, C.W. & M.A. Donnelly. 1997. A Tepui herpetofauna on a Granitic Mountain (Tamacuari) in the borderland between Venezuela and Brazil: Report from the
Phipps Tapirapecó expedition. Amer. Mus. Novit.
3213: 1-71.
Geographic distribution (Anura): Cochranella oyampiensis
- J C Señaris
Señaris, J. C. 1998. Geographic distribution (Anura):
Cochranella oyampiensis. Herpetol. Rev. 28: 207.
Dos nuevas especies de Cochranella (Anura: Centrolenidae) para Venezuela
- J J C Ayarzagüena
- Señaris
Ayarzagüena, J. & J.C. Señaris. 1997. Dos nuevas especies
de Cochranella (Anura: Centrolenidae) para Venezuela. Publ. Asoc. Amigos Doñana 8: 1-16.
Estudio anatómico de cuatro especies de ranitas de cristal del género Hyalinobatrachium Ruíz-Carranza y Lynch 1991 grupo fleischmanni (Amphibia: Anura: Centrolenidae)
- M Barrera-Rodríguez
Barrera-Rodríguez, M. 1999. Estudio anatómico de cuatro
especies de ranitas de cristal del género Hyalinobatrachium Ruíz-Carranza y Lynch 1991 grupo fleischmanni (Amphibia: Anura: Centrolenidae). Rev.
Acad. Colomb. Cien. 23 (Supl. esp.): 245-260.
Nuevos centrolénidos de Colombia y Venezuela
- J A Rivero
Rivero, J.A. 1985. Nuevos centrolénidos de Colombia y
Venezuela. Brenesia 23: 335-373
Cueva del Guácharo, 1 065 msnm: MHNLS 13353; Río Pajaral, afluente del Río Caripe (10º10'10" N-63º20'36" W, 1 000-1 200 msnm), MHNLS 14750-14752
- Hyalinobatrachium Orientale Orientale.-Venezuela
Hyalinobatrachium orientale orientale.-Venezuela: Monagas, Cueva del Guácharo, 1 065 msnm: MHNLS
13353; Río Pajaral, afluente del Río Caripe
(10º10'10" N-63º20'36" W, 1 000-1 200 msnm),
MHNLS 14750-14752. Sucre, Cerro El Humo,
750 msnm: MHNLS 13354 y CET 2018.
Amazonas, forested stream at north base of Pico Tamacuari
- Hyalinobatrachium Crurifasciatum.-Venezuela
Hyalinobatrachium crurifasciatum.-Venezuela: Amazonas, forested stream at north base of Pico Tamacuari,
Sierra Tapirapecó, 1 160-1 200 m: MBUCV 6428
(paratipo).