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Climaterio y bienestar psicológico

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Abstract

A review on the psychological well-being during the female climacteric and on the influence exerted on it by the neuroendocrine changes, the external and environmental factors and other group of internal factors, including personality, self-steem, the aspirations and abilities to face this stage of changes occurring in life, and the situations of stress, in general, was made. Some factors considered important as mediators of the psychological well-being in general, and in this stage of life, in particular, such as the family context, the habitual well-being level of the person and the cultural factors, were stressed. It was concluded that the causes of well-being in this period of transition in women's life are given by a complex interaction between objective and subjective factors.

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... Como tal, el TDM puede presentarse durante las etapas de cambios hormonales tales como el inicio de la menarca o el embarazo (7), siendo una de las principales, la etapa menopaúsica, la cual constituye el cese de la capacidad reproductiva de las mujeres; iniciando alrededor de los 48 años en mujeres mexicanas (± 1.7 años) (8-9). La importancia del TDM durante este período de la vida radica no sólo en las complicaciones laborales y funcionales que terminan alterando la vida de las mujeres (10,11), sino además en su prevalencia que puede variar entre 20% a 50% (12,13). ...
... No entanto, vale salientar que a anorgasmia não é indicativo único para diagnóstico de disfunção sexual [25]. O impacto na qualidade de vida associado ao desempenho sexual nas mulheres em meia-idade pode estar associado com as mudanças típicas dessa fase, como a secura vaginal e a diminuição da libido [20]. Dessa forma, o climatério não inclui apenas os sintomas resultantes da diminuição do estrogênio, mas, acima de tudo, um contexto amplo no qual se mantem interrelações de diversas maneiras. ...
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Introdução: As mulheres, entre 40 e 65 anos, passam por mudanças fisiológicas que interferem na sua sexualidade, caracterizado pelo climatério. Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência das disfunções sexuais em mulheres climatéricas contribuindo com evidências para profissionais que lidam com a saúde da mulher. Métodos: Estudo de corte transversal descritivo e analítico, realizado na clínica especializada da mulher em Caruaru/PE, com 99 mulheres, de 40 a 65 anos e que tinham vida sexual ativa. Foram avaliadas através dos questionários: Sociodemográfico, Questionário da Saúde da Mulher, Quociente Sexual Versão Feminina e Índice de Função Sexual Feminino. Resultados: 44,44% têm indicativo para disfunção sexual. 52,52% possuem bom desempenho sexual, cerca de 58,58% tem alteração na lubrificação e 51,51% dor no ato sexual. 63,63% tem alterações na satisfação e orgasmo, 69,69% têm alterações no desejo e a falta de excitação foi o maior índice amostral, representado por 74,74%. Conclusão: A maioria apresenta bom desempenho sexual, entretanto possuem baixa qualidade de vida e alto indicativo para disfunções sexuais. Sendo assim, propõe-se desenvolvimento de pesquisas, gerando conhecimentos para profissionais que lidam com essa temática, visando saúde e qualidade de vida.
... Es una de las épocas más importantes en la vida de la mujer. Para algunas es un reto por las dificultades físicas y emocionales, para otras es un momento de plenitud personal, y para otras muchas una combinación de lo anterior que requiere un esfuerzo adicional y el apoyo de su entorno familiar, laboral y social (García-Viniegras, Regina, y Porta, 2003). ...
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The menopause is a phase of complex transition that involves biological, psychological, social, and cultural factors. The phenomenon of the menopause is something natural and universal for all women. This stage is influenced by the socio-cultural environment in which the woman to live. Through a qualitative research study among women who live in the province of Toledo. The selection of women was performed by sampling non-probability convenience. The procedure of discussion groups with women, of different social status, and various personal situations. Urban women are mostly the menopause as something pathological, many of them need help to deal with this moment, but those in rural areas see the menopause as a natural, another stage more of their lives in part because family support networks provide experiences and experiences that they share with their families. The urban areas arrive after the climacteric, multiparous women develop after menopause. Housewives become before the menopause, those working outside the home. Depending on the attitude towards the climacteric, will be able to have experiences or others, through the knowledge of the concept of menopause, improves in the future the quality of care.
... Como tal, el TDM puede presentarse durante las etapas de cambios hormonales tales como el inicio de la menarca o el embarazo (7), siendo una de las principales, la etapa menopaúsica, la cual constituye el cese de la capacidad reproductiva de las mujeres; iniciando alrededor de los 48 años en mujeres mexicanas (± 1.7 años) (8-9). La importancia del TDM durante este período de la vida radica no sólo en las complicaciones laborales y funcionales que terminan alterando la vida de las mujeres (10,11), sino además en su prevalencia que puede variar entre 20% a 50% (12,13). ...
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Antecedentes: El Trastorno Depresivo Mayor (TDM) puede presentarse durante el inicio de la menopausia, variando su prevalencia de acuerdo a diferentes factores de riesgo clínicos y sociodemográficos; presentándose una mayor asociación al existir alteraciones en la sintomatología menopaúsica. Ante esto, se buscará determinar el riesgo para desarrollar TDM al presentar alteraciones en la sintomatología menopaúsica. Metodología: Es un diseño transversal analítico que incluyó a 252 mujeres iniciando su menopausia (48±1.7 años), atendidas en centros de salud de Guadalajara, Jalisco. Las variables analizadas fueron antecedentes sociodemográficos, utilizando el Inventario de Depresión de Beck para identificar el TDM y la Escala de Valoración de la Menopausia para determinar alteraciones en los principales dominios sintomatológicos de la menopausia. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y de asociación por medio de Odds Ratio (OR), aplicando finalmente una regresión logística. Resultados: La prevalencia de TDM fue de 40.5%, teniendo asociación con el antecedente de uso de anticonceptivos y con el agravamiento en la sintomatología menopaúsica. El análisis ajustado determinó que hay más riesgo de presentar TDM cuando existen alteraciones en los dominios sintomatológicos, tales como en el somático (OR 3.96, IC95% 1.58-9.95), el urogenital (OR 4.29, IC95% 2.13-8.65) y el psicológico (OR 13.55, IC95% 3.97-46.30). Conclusión: La presencia de alteraciones en la sintomatología menopaúsica se encuentra asociado con un mayor riesgo de presentar TDM, sobre todo si el dominio psicológico está afectado, por lo cual es necesario que el personal de salud identifique estas alteraciones y brinde un manejo temprano en esta etapa de la vida.
... Es una de las épocas más importantes en la vida de la mujer. Para algunas es un reto por las dificultades físicas y emocionales, para otras es un momento de plenitud personal, y para otras muchas una combinación de lo anterior que requiere un esfuerzo adicional y el apoyo de su entorno familiar, laboral y social (García-Viniegras, Regina, y Porta, 2003). ...
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El climaterio es una fase de transición compleja en la que intervienen factores biológicos, psicológicos, sociales y culturales. El fenómeno del climaterio es algo natural e universal para todas las mujeres. Esta etapa está influenciada por el entorno socio-cultural en el que la mujer viva. A través de un estudio de investigación cualitativo entre mujeres residentes en la provincia de Toledo. La selección de mujeres se realizó mediante un muestreo no probabilístico de conveniencia. El procedimiento grupos de discusión con las mujeres, de diferente condición social, y de situaciones personales diferentes. Las mujeres de ámbito urbano en su mayoría ven el climaterio como algo patológico, muchas de ellas necesitan ayuda para afrontar este momento, sin embargo las de zonas rurales ven el climaterio como algo natural, otra etapa más de sus vidas en parte porque las redes de apoyo familiares aportan vivencias y experiencias que comparten con sus familias. Las de zonas urbanas llegan después el climaterio, las multíparas desarrollan más tarde la menopausia. Las amas de casa llegan antes al climaterio, que las que trabajan fuera de casa. Dependiendo de la actitud frente al climaterio, van a poder tener unas experiencias u otras, A través del conocimiento del concepto de climaterio, mejora en el futuro la calidad asistencial.
... La menopausia es debida a la declinación gradual de la función ovárica (3,4,5,6), en México la edad de presentación es entre los 46 y 50 años de edad (7). La menopausia implica un cambio en la vida de la mujer, una fase de su desarrollo en que se producen no solo cambios fisiológicos sino también psicológicos y sociales, encaminados a adaptarse a lo que será su última etapa vital. ...
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Objetivo: Determinar las características del entorno familiar y actitud frente a la menopausia y su influencia en el síndrome climatérico. Métodos: Estudio comparativo en mujeres con menopausia que acudieron como acompañantes a las Unidades de Medicina Familiar de Querétaro, México. De Julio 2004 a Febrero 2005. Se formaron dos grupos: sin y con sintomatología del climaterio, los resultados fueron analizados con t de student, Chi cuadrado y Odds Ratio con un valor alfa de 0,05. Resultados: De 140 mujeres entrevistadas, 94 (67%) refirieron algún síntoma relacionado con el climaterio. Los factores que se asociaron al climaterio con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05) fueron: pareja disfuncional (OR: 4,69), baja autoestima (OR: 4,52), actitud negativa frente al climaterio (OR: 3,4), antecedentes del uso de anticonceptivos orales (OR: 2,69) y familia disfuncional (OR: 2,48). La residencia, escolaridad, ocupación, paridad, tener pareja sexual actual, índice de masa corporal, ejercicio, tabaquismo, alcoholismo, tipología familiar, cohesión familiar, no presentaron asociación significativa. Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: fatiga (69%), bochornos (67%), piel seca (47%), cefalea (46%), irritabilidad (43%), insomnio (39%), ansiedad (39%), disminución de la libido (36%), depresión (34%), pérdida de la concentración y/o memoria (30%), artralgias (29%), resequedad vaginal (24%). Conclusiones: El entorno familiar, conyugal y una predisposición negativa ante la menopausia favorecen la presentación de síntomas climatéricos, por lo que es importante un manejo integral e interdisciplinario para el manejo del climaterio.
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Introducción y objetivos: Los síntomas de climaterio junto con el prolapso genital en la mujer que envejece, afectan la función sexual y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la función sexual y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en mujeres climatéricas con prolapso genital según características sociodemográficas y clínicas. Métodos: Diseño descriptivo de corte transversal, sobre una muestra consecutiva de 45 mujeres climatéricas inscritas en dos Centros de Salud Familiar de la región de Ñuble, se seleccionaron a todas aquellas entre 42 y 60 años de edad, con diagnóstico clínico o ecográfico de prolapso genital, con vida sexual activa los últimos 6 meses y sin terapia hormonal de reemplazo. Para evaluar la función sexual se aplicó el Índice de Función Sexual Femenina y para la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud el Menopause Rating Scale. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, y para analizar la diferencia entre las variables se aplicaron las pruebas estadísticas Chi-cuadrado y Test Exacto de Fisher. En todos los casos se consideró un nivel de significancia p<0,05. Los datos fueron analizados con el software estadístico SPSS v. 23. Resultados: Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre escolaridad y función sexual (p= 0,005) y el tipo de parto y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (p=0,034). Conclusiones: El nivel educacional se podría considerar como factor protector de la función sexual.
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The climacteric stage is defined as the natural process of the female life cycle, it is inherent to the transition from reproductive to the non-reproductive phase, with the menopause as its major milestone. In this period, women go through several physiological, emotional, social and economic changes that can negatively impact on the activities performed. Aiming to analyze the perceptions and meanings attributed by the women seen at the Climacteric Ambulatory of the Clinical Hospital at Federal University of Paraná, on the impact on daily activities and occupational roles, we conducted an exploratory and qualitative research using a structured questionnaire with socioeconomic data containing, as well as a self-administered checklist and semi-structured interviews, in which data analysis was made using some techniques of content analysis. We observed that social prejudice and unawareness by the woman about the changes in this phase are barriers to conducting several activities, affecting necessary health care and consequently impairing their life’s quality. On the other hand, during this period, many women have greater ability to adapt, finding new activities, performing postponed plans and performing new occupational roles. It is important that women and health professionals comprehend the changes, perceptions and meanings of the climacteric stage to formulate a comprehensive care enhancing their individuality
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The experience of menopause for each woman is different and among women of different cultures or origin. Menopause is not the end of the life, but the onset of a stage occupying almost the third part of the female life; by other hand, it is proposed that climateric is not the final of existence, but the stage leaving open the doors for the enjoyment of a new way that must to take place with less stress and with less burden. According to the concepts of health, mental health and sexual health from the World Health Organization, nothing may to prevent that climateric woman be able to has a mentally and sexually life; thus, the health professional must to be updated on all those elements having an effect on a better performance and on the expression of completeness of physical, psychic and social possibilities of the woman during this stage. In present paper authors deepen in the historical and conceptual features of climateric and the menopause, the essential elements related to the main symptoms and signs of climateric, the risk factors present in this stage, as well as the therapeutical behavior to take into account for its appropriate management in the integral care by the health professionals.
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Introduction: the perimenopause is the phase that comprises almost one third of female life in women and it demands comprehensive health care for women. Objective: to describe women in perimenopause at Brisas del Golfo clinic. Methods: we performed a descriptive study. The universe was 256 women in Brisas del Golfo clinic, who aged between 45 and 59 years old. They had undergone a purposive sample and the sample was made up by 80 women. A survey was developed by the author to collect information. Results: 45 % of these women were married, 56.2 % had a job. 45 (56.3 %) were in the perimenopause stage, 35 (77.7 %) had toxic habits (coffee). 15 (18.8 %) assessed work and family dynamics as acceptable. 36 (45 %) were not protected by some method of contraception and vasomotor symptoms and psychological prevailed, such as: hot flashes, anxiety, and insomnia in 52.5 %, 38.8 % and 36.3 %, respectively. Conclusions: there was a predominance of working women with secondary education completed, stable love relationships, and good economic situation. There was high incidence of toxic habits with a predominance of coffee. Most of them did not use contraception methods. The relational dynamic was good and with increased incidence of vasomotor symptoms in perimenopausal stage.
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Background: the stage of climacterium and menopause has been the reason for historical, literary and cultural references, despite the fact that in many cases it is ignored and even underestimated by women and many professionals. Objective: to increase knowledge level on climacteric and menopause in the women studied. Method: an educational intervention was conducted in women, who were seen in the Gynecology office at the University Teaching Polyclinic José Martí in Camagüey municipality, from January to August, 2010. The universe of study was constituted by 168 women, a sample of 30 patients through probabilistic random sampling was selected, which were applied an initial questionnaire in relation to knowledge about signs and symptoms, psychological disorders and consequences women may present as they begin the climacteric and menopause stage. Subsequently was implemented an educational program on the considered aspects of interest and a month later was applied the questionnaire again. Results were processed in a computerized way, statistics measures of frequency and percent distribution have been implemented, and results were presented through texts and tables. Results: before the educational intervention the 76.6 % of women identified hot flashes as one of the most frequent symptoms and the 73.3 % sweats; only 60 % of patients noticed nervousness and depression respectively as most frequent psychological alterations which may be evident in this stage, the 60 % of them pointed out family lack of understanding as one of the consequences may occur at home. Conclusions: ignorance regarding signs and symptoms in the stage of climacteric and menopause prevailed, psychological alterations which may be evident, as well as the consequences may occur at homes of the women studied, which was modified after the educational intervention.
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Introduction: climateric is the time in which women change of the reproductive status to that non-reproductive and account for a third of the female life; the study on how women perceive this so called complicated period is considered necessary to offer a special care to health. Objective: to describe the personal satisfaction of women in climateric stage. Methods: a descriptive study was conducted in Brisas del Golfo, Sucre state from july, 2005 to July, 2007. Universe included 256 women aged between 45 and 59. An intentional sampling was carried out and sample included 80 women. The information collection authors applied a close survey as a measurement tool of personal satisfaction validated by Universidad de La Habana (ISP-RLEBA). Results: the 81.3 % of women refers its satisfaction when they have sexual intercourse, the 74.5 % has common goals achieved with the partner, the 65 % feels satisfaction to be the responsible of care of relatives, between the 93.8 and the 75 % of women has a life project and the 96.3 % is satisfied with her family. Conclusions: most of climateric women has a positive overview of her life in couple with common goals, perceiving a great wellbeing with her task as care responsible of family. They are satisfied with her family and perceive wellbeing with a positive way on health.
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The aim of this study was to comprehend the living process of women in the period of climacteric. It was developed based on qualitative approach, using multi-participatory methods, with nine women of the Third Age Center (NETI), of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil (UFSC). Data was collected through interviews and meetings of groups and analyzed by analysis of the content. From the data analysis, emerged the units of meaning, which led the following categories: affirming one's self as a woman; experiencing the climacteric and ageing; interacting in the day-to-day and maintaining singularities; and opening paths to the experience of citizenship. Based on the result of the study, the living of women in the climacteric period is a complex, dynamic and paradoxical process, in which the aging and the possibility of becoming ill arise as greater challenges, and advances in the personal, cultural and social perspectives as special achievements.
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The aim of this study was to determine whether women's well-being changed with the menopausal transition, and the effect on well-being of other biological, psychosocial and lifestyle factors. A longitudinal observational study was carried out utilising a population-based sample of 438 mid-aged, Australian- born women. A total of 9 assessments were made at annual intervals. Mood was measured using the Affectometer 2. Mood, menopausal status, psychosocial and lifestyle variables and hormone levels were determined annually. 226 subjects who transited the natural menopausal transition were included in the analysis. As women pass from early in the menopausal transition to later in the transition, reporting at least 3 months of amenorrhoea, negative mood declines significantly, positive mood does not change and well-being significantly improves. Well-being scores are highly correlated over time, with early scores having a major effect on later scores. Well-being is also significantly affected by changes in marital status, work satisfaction, daily hassles and life events. Well-being improves as women enter the later stages of the menopausal transition and is also influenced significantly by psychosocial factors.
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