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La odontología forense en las Fuerzas Armadas: Una asignatura pendiente
Abstract
La odontología forense es una disciplina que está abriéndose paso en nuestras Fuerzas Armadas en respuesta a necesidades derivadas de la participación de España en misiones internacionales y al cumplimiento de lo acordado en el marco de la OTAN. Aún queda mucho camino que recorrer en lo referente a la identificación humana. Se analiza la situación actual referente a la Ficha de Identificación Odontológica en vigor y propone un nuevo modelo más acorde a los estándares internacionales.
... Human identification is the process that identifies an individual as a unique being, differentiating him/her from the others (Bel Blesa, 2012), and it may be necessary by social, legal and forensic issues (Adserias-Garriga et al., 2018). ...
Human identification is the process that identifies an individual as a unique being, differentiating him/ her from all others. The participation of Odontology in the processes of identification is fundamental in situations of human remains. This paper aims to report a case of positive identification, through dentistry, in human remains. The forensic odontologist performed a post-morten (PM) examination, which consisted of the collection of post-mortem dental findings in human bones, collection of ante-mortem (AM) dental findings in the patient's orthodontic records, and the comparison between AM and PM information. Dental elements are widely used in the processes of human identification, since they are resistant to time and to physical, chemical and mechanical impacts. Positive identification is guided by the presence of individualizing characteristics, easily detected in dental records. It is concluded that human identification through dentistry is a safe and reliable method, since dental elements have individualizing characteristics that make the process possible.
... Mombiedro evaluó en Bosnia-Herzegovina durante 9 semanas, las causas presuntamente prevenibles en donde, coincidiendo con nuestro estudio, la caries primaria y la gingivitis/periodontitis fueron las patologías que con mayor probabilidad hubieran podido ser tratadas antes del comienzo del despliegue, ya que un alto índice de ellas pueden ser diagnosticadas de manera clínica visual. Las fracturas de las restauraciones, la patología de la mucosa y fracturas dentales y de las obturaciones inesperadas, son ejemplos de incidencias bucodentales de difícil predicción y prevención 5,8,16,17,24,25 . ...
Objective: Analyze and quantify odontological emergencies onboard during first rotation in Peace Keeping Operation ATALANTA 2015 in the Amphibious Assault Ship “Galicia”. Material and method: A longitudinal descriptive research of incidences and their treatments was carried out, from 20th April to 1st July 2015 (73 days). Results: The most common pathology was caries with 40% and gingivitis 31,3% of the total. Restorations/Fillings and tartar removal were the most frequently carried out treatments during the study period with 44% and 28% respectively. A quarter of the population were affected by some ondontological pathology (25,6%). 95,3% of the patients were crew of the Amphibious Assault Ship “Galicia”. Conclusions: Results confirm that odontological emergencies show a high incidence. The pathology and the need for assistance accumulate in a population group, that would be convenient identify them for diagnosis and treatment in previous deployment phases. It was observed that easy access to odontological services increased the demand of it. Caries and gingivitis disease, are undoubtedly, the injuries which required most of the need for assistance.
If the data is confirmed the “oral health” policies and the profile of the Dental Officer must be adapted to improve the care of the target population.
KEYWORDS: Military health, Military dentistry, Dental incidence, Oral health.
... Mombiedro evaluó en Bosnia-Herzegovina durante 9 semanas, las causas presuntamente prevenibles en donde, coincidiendo con nuestro estudio, la caries primaria y la gingivitis/periodontitis fueron las patologías que con mayor probabilidad hubieran podido ser tratadas antes del comienzo del despliegue, ya que un alto índice de ellas pueden ser diagnosticadas de manera clínica visual. Las fracturas de las restauraciones, la patología de la mucosa y fracturas dentales y de las obturaciones inesperadas, son ejemplos de incidencias bucodentales de difícil predicción y prevención 5,8,16,17,24,25 . ...
Objective: Analyze and quantify odontological emergencies onboard during first rotation in Peace Keeping Operation ATALANTA 2015 in the Amphibious Assault Ship "Galicia". Material and method: A longitudinal descriptive research of incidences and their treatments was carried out, from 20th April to 1st July 2015 (73 days). Results: The most common pathology was caries with 40% and gingivitis 31,3% of the total. Restorations/Fillings and tartar removal were the most frequently carried out treatments during the study period with 44% and 28% respectively. A quarter of the population were affected by some ondontological pathology (25,6%). 95,3% of the patients were crew of the Amphibious Assault Ship "Galicia". Conclusions: Results confirm that odontological emergencies show a high incidence. The pathology and the need for assistance accumulate in a population group, that would be convenient identify them for diagnosis and treatment in previous deployment phases. It was observed that easy access to odontological services increased the demand of it. Caries and gingivitis disease, are undoubtedly, the injuries which required most of the need for assistance. If the data is confirmed the "oral health" policies and the profile of the Dental Officer must be adapted to improve the care of the target population.
Introduction
Dental characteristics were compared in population samples of Spanish and Portuguese military personnel. The main aim of this study was to identify those dental characteristics that could potentially serve to differentiate between these populations in a forensic analysis.
Material and methods
A sample of 5136 individuals belonging to the professional military staff of the Portuguese and Spanish armed forces was studied. Dental data were recorded with the Forensic Dental Symbols® for the Dental Encoder® database. The population sample analysed in this study consisted of 68.1% Spanish and 31.9% Portuguese individuals.
Results
The population was mostly male, with 86.6% men (88.1% in the Spanish sample versus 83.4% in the Portuguese sample), and 13.4% women (11.9% Spanish and 16.6% Portuguese). The frequency of unrestored teeth was lowest for first molars in all quadrants, and the highest frequency of unrestored teeth (>90%) was for the upper and lower anterior teeth and lower first premolars. The highest frequencies of restorative treatment were found for the first and second molars in all quadrants, and the highest frequencies of missing teeth were found for the third molars (always >28%). Concordance analysis showed that correlations between contralateral teeth were significantly higher than between antagonist teeth in both samples.
Conclusions
Our findings provide potentially useful information on the importance of dental record databases and their value for identification purposes.
Introduction: Dental characteristics were compared in population samples of Spanish and Portuguese
military personnel. The main aim of this study was to identify those dental characteristics
that could potentially serve to differentiate between these populations in a forensic analysis.
Material and methods: A sample of 5136 individuals belonging to the professional military staff
of the Portuguese and Spanish armed forces was studied. Dental data were recorded with the
Forensic Dental Symbols® for the Dental Encoder® database. The population sample analysed
in this study consisted of 68.1% Spanish and 31.9% Portuguese individuals.
Results: The population was mostly male, with 86.6% men (88.1% in the Spanish sample versus
83.4% in the Portuguese sample), and 13.4% women (11.9% Spanish and 16.6% Portuguese).
The frequency of unrestored teeth was lowest for first molars in all quadrants, and the highest
frequency of unrestored teeth (>90%) was for the upper and lower anterior teeth and lower first
premolars. The highest frequencies of restorative treatment were found for the first and second
molars in all quadrants, and the highest frequencies of missing teeth were found for the third
molars (always >28%). Concordance analysis showed that correlations between contralateral
teeth were significantly higher than between antagonist teeth in both samples.
Conclusions: Our findings provide potentially useful information on the importance of dental
record databases and their value for identification purposes.
© 2017 Asociacíon Nacional de Médicos Forenses. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights
reserved.
Background: contents of Legal Odontology don't exist in the study program of Comprehensive General Odontology, which means lack of knowledge, practical abilities and limitations when applying them in the services of social justice. Objective: to elaborate a system of teaching tasks in the Comprehensive General Odontology Specialty to treat the contents of Legal Odontology in first year residents' programs. Methods: it was carried out a development investigation within the qualitative approach in Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences from January 2011 to August 2012. Theoretical methods were used: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction and systemic-structural; empiric methods: documental analysis and an interview in questionnaire form was applied to the professors and officers of the Ministry of Interior; and mathematical-statistical methods were applied too. Results: the regularities of the diagnosis showed that the programs of Comprehensive General Odontology neither contain knowledge nor develop practical abilities on topics of Legal Odontology, which denotes deficiencies in the professional's formation, in respect to their social commitment related with their performance in justice. Teaching tasks were elaborated and inserted in course 1 Health and Epidemiology of the residence of Comprehensive General Odontology, and they were valued by the experts’ criteria. Conclusions: the experts coincide in the scientific-methodological character; novelty and relevancy of the elaborated teaching tasks because they contribute to enlarge the social profile of the specialists in Comprehensive General Odontology.
Dental identification is established when dental antemortem data are compared to postmortem dental charts and a high number of coincidences are found. Moreover, if any discrepancies are detected, they have to be explained. Therefore, they are some limitations to achieving a consistent dental identification probability due to the fact that there are not enough epidemiological data bases about dental treatments or dental pathologies for each tooth obtained from different origin populations where we could estimate accurately the likehood ratio for a dental identification. In order to contribute to a better understanding of dental characteristics in Spain, a dental data base from an Spanish military population has been constructed. A codification system has been developed and 2091 cases have been introduced into the system. Results presented in this paper shown the frequencies and distributions of dental treatments and pathologies in the population explored. It is concluded that it is of great importance the development of those dental data bases for application on estimation of probabilities for dental identification.
La identificación dental se consigue cuando del proceso de comparación de los datos dentales antemortem y postmortem se concluye que existen coincidencias suficientes, y ninguna discrepancia absoluta, que permitan al odontólogo forense alcanzar un grado de certeza suficiente para establecer la identidad entre el cadáver y los datos clínicos dentales del paciente. Sin embargo, una de las principales dificultades con las que se encuentra la identificación dental es la escasez de datos epidemiológicos sobre la distribución de frecuencias de las diversas situaciones clínicas (patologías y tratamientos), para cada pieza dentaria en poblaciones de distinto origen, por lo que no es posible, hasta el momento presente, estimar el grado de probabilidad en una identificación dental. Con la finalidad de contribuir al conocimiento de la diversidad de las distintas situaciones clínicas dentales de la población española, se ha desarrollado una base de datos con las características clínicas de cada pieza dentaria en una población militar que comprende un total de 2091 individuos. Se presentan los resultados encontrados, empleando un sistema de codificación detallado y otro genérico, de los posibles tratamientos dentales y se obtienen conclusiones sobre las frecuencias y distribución de las patologías y tratamientos dentales. Se concluye la importancia de la existencia de estas bases de datos para la estimación de la probabilidad de identificación dental.
La asistencia pericial odontológica en la identificación de cadáveres en grandes catástrofes
- MA Hernández
- J Martínez
Proposal of an odontological identification file for the armed forces
- A Bel