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Nomenclature of Subdivisions Within Phacelia (Boraginaceae: Hydrophylloideae)
Abstract
Nomenclature of subdivisions within Phacelia Juss. (Boraginaceae: Hydrophylloideae) reflects an update to the classification of the genus, based largely upon the structure offered in summary by Ferguson. We consider this proposed classification a continuation of efforts to better understand interrelationships within the genus and tribe Romanzoffieae Dumort., and anticipate future research offering insights into systematics of Phacelia. New names, changes in status, and combinations include the following: Phacelia sect. Baretiana Walden & R. Patt., sect, nov.; P. subsect. Bipinnatifidae (Small) Walden & R. Patt., stat. nov.; P. subsect. Cosmantha (Nolte ex A. de Candolle) Walden & R. Patt., stat. nov.; P. subsect. Cosmanthoides (A. Gray) Walden & R. Patt., stat. nov.; P. subsect. Dubiae (Small) Walden & R. Patt., stat. nov.; P. subsect. Eutoca (R. Br.) Walden & R. Patt., stat. nov.; P. sect. Glandulosae (Rydb.) Walden & R. Patt., stat. nov.; P. subsect. Humiles Walden & R. Patt., subsect. nov.; P. subsect. Lineares (Rydb.) Walden & R. Patt., stat. nov.; P. sect. Pachyphyllae Walden & R. Patt., sect, nov.; P. subg. Pulchellae (Rydb.) Walden & R. Patt., stat. nov.; P. sect. Ramosissimae (Rydb.) Walden & R. Patt., stat. nov.; P. subsect. Ranunculacea Walden & R. Patt., subsect. nov.; and P. subsect. Sericeae (Rydb.) Walden & R. Patt., stat. nov.
... fornices, plicae, scales, squamae, appendages, lamellae; Brand, 1913) and others indicate an organ identity and homology (e.g. corolla scales, corolla plicae, filament appendages) or simply describe their position (interstaminal scales; Walden & Patterson, 2012;Hofmann et al., 2016). Their presence or absence, shape and position are important diagnostic characters in differentiating taxa (Gray, 1875;within Phacelia, Walden & Patterson, 2012). ...
... This latter study outlines the development of these modifications and characterizes them as outgrowths of the corolla. Nectary discs have also been studied only superficially and detailed morphological descriptions, especially at the microscopic level, are lacking (Walden & Patterson, 2012;Hofmann et al., 2016). Studies in some Hydrophyllaceae species indicate spatial and functional integration of the nectary disc and modifications (Merritt, 1897;Brand, 1913). ...
Small structures such as scales together with outgrowth of other floral organs modify floral architecture and function.
Here, the Hydrophyllaceae, a medium-sized family in the order Boraginales, are studied. The simple tetracyclic,
pentamerous flowers have a stamen–corolla tube with typically ten scale-like appendices (modifications) on
the inside. The morphology and development of these modifications and the morphology of the spatially associated
nectaries are studied using standard and cryo-scanning electron microscopy. There are always ten modifications in
antepetalous position, even in species previously described as lacking modifications. Modifications develop late in
floral ontogeny and follow similar developmental trajectories. The size and shape of these modifications are correlated
with elongation of the filaments and the corolla tube. They divide the overall internal space of the flower into
separate compartments. The nectaries are five-lobed or arranged in five glands, each in antepetalous position and
juxtaposed to the modifications. Nectaries and modifications are spatially and functionally integrated – producing,
presenting and protecting the nectar. A function in plant–pollinator interactions is inferred, but observational and
experimental data are lacking. An evolutionary series for the stamen–corolla tube modifications in Hydrophyllaceae
is proposed. Similar, possibly homologous types of modifications can be found in related taxa from the Boraginales,
but a detailed comparative study has yet to be provided.
... Hydrophyllaceae are characterized by a syncarpous, bicarpellate, superior to semi-inferior gynoecium usually with a basal gynoecial nectary disc (Hofmann et al., 2016;. All Hydrophyllaceae have capsular fruits (Fig. 2), but there is considerable diversity with regards to internal ovary organization with differences in placentation and divergent ovule and seed numbers (Brand, 1913;Atwood, 1975;Chuang and Constance, 1992;Jepson and Hickman, 1993;Walden and Patterson, 2012). The usually intrusive parietal placentae and the development of false septa (partitions in the ovary independent of the carpel margins) can lead to 2-to 4-locular ovaries. ...
PREMISE: Fruit type and morphology are tightly connected with angiosperm diversification. In Boraginales, the first-branching families, including Hydrophyllaceae, have one-to many-seeded capsules, whereas most of the remaining families have four-seeded indehiscent fruits. This fact argues for many-seeded capsules as the ancestral condition. However, little is known about the evolution of fruit dehiscence and seed number. The present study investigated the gynoecium and fruit development and morphology and the evolution of seed-numbers in Hydrophyllaceae.
METHODS: Gynoecium and fruit development and morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray microcomputed tomography. Ancestral character
state reconstruction of seed number was performed using a broadly sampled phylogeny of Boraginales (ndhF and ITS) with an emphasis on Hydrophyllaceae.
RESULTS: Our ontogenetic studies not only demonstrate parallel developmental trajectories across Hydrophyllaceae, but also a striking diversity regarding the internal organization of the gynoecium. Ovule number appears to determine ovary structure. Many-seeded capsules are retrieved as the ancestral state of Hydrophyllaceae. At least seven transitions to fruits with (one to) four seeds and four reversals (i.e., from four-to
many-seeded fruits) were reconstructed in Hydrophyllaceae.
CONCLUSIONS: Several shifts in seed number from “many” to “four” and back to “many” have taken place in capsular-fruited Hydrophyllaceae, a strikingly high number considering
that seed number is virtually conserved across the rest of the order. The groups with a
conserved seed number of four are characterized by indehiscent schizocarps or drupes and by seeds that are integrated into mericarps. This functional integration probably acts as an evolutionary constraint to shifts in seed number.
... Benth) je jednogodišnja zeljasta biljka, pripada porodici Hydrophyllaceae (Boraginaceae – prema filogentskoj klasifikaciji), poreklom je iz Severne Amerike (Walden & Patterson 2012). U Evropi se gaji od 19 veka. ...
Facelija (Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth) je medonosna biljka. Gaji se za proizvodnju semena, za silažu, seno, kao usev za zelenišno đubrenje i kao zaštitni usev. Facelija ima i veliki agrotehnički značaj. Snažnim vretenastim korenom popravlja kvalitet zemljišta i kao nematocidna biljka korisna je za očuvanje higijene zemljišta. Takođe, facelija je i odlična pčelinja paša. Facelija ima veliki značaj za pčelarstvo jer cveta u bespašnom periodu. Setvom facelije pčelari bi imali sigurnu pašu. Za uspešno privredno pčelarstvo medonosne biljke su veoma važan uslov za postizanje visokih prinosa. U Institutu za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, stvorena je nova sorta facelije, NS Priora. NS Priora je visokoprinosna i visokonektarna sorta sa dužinom vegetacije od 135 dana, zavisno od uslova gajenja. U ispitivanom periodu cvetala je 55 dana i imala je visok prinos suve materije. Sorta NS Priora pogodna je za gajenje kako u konvencionalnom tako i u u organskom sistemu gajenja. Proizvodnja semena facelije je veoma profitabilna proizvodnja, i može da posluži kao generator privrednog razvoja.
Phacelia stebbinsii Constance & Heckerd, P. marcescens Eastw. ex J.F.Macbr., and P. quickii J.T.Howell are morphologically similar annual taxa endemic to the west side of the Sierra Nevada in California. Experimental crosses show P. quickii is reproductively isolated from the other two species, and that P. marcescens and P. stebbinsii readily produce fully fertile F1 and S2 hybrid progeny, but typically only when P. marcescens is the carpellate parent. The presence of geographic separation, habitat differences, unilateral crossability, pollen certation, and problems with cotyledon emergence in hybrid seedlings provide evidence P. stebbinsii is distinct from P. marcescens and they are maintained as separate species. Flower and fruit characters used to distinguish these three species from each other appear to be related to differences in seed dispersal and seedling establishment in different habitats.
Occurrences of Phacelia dubia in the Piedmont of South Carolina have been taxonomically enigmatic. Prior work had shown that there was partial reproductive isolation when plants from South Carolina were hybridized with any of the other varieties but evidence of morphological differentiation was lacking. In this study, a new morphological analysis showed South Carolina plants differed significantly in corolla lobe size, sepal size, and leaf dissection in comparisons with neighboring varieties, P. dubia var. dubia and P. dubia var. georgiana. A preponderance of evidence showing differentiation from all other varieties supports recognition of a new variety, P. dubia var. rionensis. Field work and an updated analysis of herbarium records showed the new variety is found in nine contiguous counties in the central and northern Piedmont of South Carolina and two counties in the inner Coastal Plain. We posit a hypothesized biogeographic pathway based on migration of a P. dubia ancestor from the Great Plains or Mexico to the Nashville Basin cedar glades, then to South Carolina piedmont granite outcrops, followed by a migration south to Georgia and Alabama piedmont granite outcrops and a separate migration north to rocky woodlands in North Carolina.
ABSTRACT.—Three taxa are recognized at the rank of species based on molecular phylogenetic studies in Phacelia sect.
Glandulosae (Hydrophyllaceae, Boraginales). Results of those studies did not support a monophyletic Phacelia crenulata
Torr. ex S. Watson, because 3 varieties of that species were supported as distinct lineages based on molecular (nuclear and
chloroplast) and morphological characters. Typification and status is clarified for P. corrugata A. Nelson and P. orbicularis
Rydb. A new nomenclatural combination for P. crenulata var. angustifolia N.D. Atwood is established to elevate that
variety to species rank, as Phacelia angustifolia (N.D. Atwood) Walden, comb. et stat. nov.
RESUMEN.—Tres taxones son reconocidos en el rango de las especies sobre la base de los estudios filogenéticos
moleculares en Phacelia sect. Glandulosae (Hydrophyllaceae, Boraginales). Los resultados de estos estudios no apoyaron
un monofilético Phacelia crenulata Torr. ex S. Watson, tres variedades de esta especie fueron apoyados como linajes
distintos basados en caracteres moleculares (nuclear y cloroplasto) y morfológicos. Tipificación y el estatus se aclara para
P. corrugata A. Nelson y P. orbicularis Rydb. Una nueva combinación de nomenclatura para P. crenulata var. angustifolia
N.D. Atwood se establece elevar esa variedad al rango de especie, como Phacelia angustifolia (N.D. Atwood) Walden,
comb. et stat. nov.
available online: http://www.iapt-taxon.org/historic/2006.htm
Phylogenetic relationships between and within Phacelia sections Whitlavia and Gymnobythus are inferred based on nuclear ribosomal DNA [5.8S, and flanking internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2] and chloroplast DNA (rpl16 intron) sequences. These two sections share morphological characters and have been thought to be closely related. The purpose of this study is to test whether each of the two sections is monophyletic as well as whether they form sister clades. Our results indicate that section Gymnobythus is monophyletic, and members of section Whitlavia form two clades that correspond to subsections previously suggested by Gillett. In the ITS dataset, the two Whitlavia groups are not sister clades, but there is little support for their placement. The rpl16 and rpl16 + ITS combined datasets provide resolution and strong support for monophyly of both sections. Both datasets indicate hybridization or a recent divergence between Phacelia parryi and Phacelia minor, as well as a close alliance between Phacelia longipes and Phacelia campanularia.
Phacelia ranunculacea sensu lato (subgenus Cosmanthus, Hydrophyllaceae) occurs on floodplains and in alluvial hardwood forests throughout eastern North America. It is comprised of herbaceous annuals with alternate, pinnate leaves and white to lavender, tubular-campanulate flowers in terminal scorpioid-like cymes. The distribution of populations displays a disjunct between the Midwest and Atlantic coastal plain, with a chromosome number of n = 6 associated with the former and n = 14 allied with the latter. A phenetic analysis of morphological characters was conducted using 350 herbarium specimens examined from 21 herbaria. The resulting phenogram revealed two distinct clusters of specimens that correspond to the haploid chromosome numbers. Correlation of the clusters and chromosome counts with type specimens resulted in recognition of two taxa: Phacelia ranunculacea sensu stricto and Phacelia covillei. Results of morphological analyses, a diagnostic key, species descriptions, and lists of representative specimens are provided for these two closely related species.
We examined infrageneric relationships within Phacelia subgenus Phacelia based on phylogenetic hypotheses derived from internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and the 5.8S gene of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenies support the monophyly of sects. Euglypta and Miltitzia, previously hypothesized based on seed characters and ecological distribution. Tree branching patterns within the Euglypta/Miltitzia clade indicate three principle lineages: 1) the P pachyphylia complex, 2) a clade of R brachyloba and 3) a clade consisting of two sister groups, the P affinis complex and the P fremontii complex. An aneuploid increase in chromosome number occurs from the R pachyphylla complex (n = 11) to R brachyloba (n = 12) while the pattern within the P fremontii complex includes both aneuploid increases and decreases. There is high bootstrap support for monophyly of taxa representing both the R magellanica polyploid complex and the R humiles species group; the former contains the only known tetraploid taxa in subgenus Phacelia.
We describe Solanum baretiaesp. nov., a new species of Solanum section Anarrhichomenum, named in honor of Jeanne Baret, who sailed as the assistant to botanist Philibert Commerson on Louis Antoine de Bougainville's global circumnavigation (1766-1769). The species is similar to Solanum chimborazense, but differs in having larger flowers, more flowers per inflorescence, and different patterns of pubescence on the filaments (pubescent adaxially and glabrous abaxially) and style (papillose to sparsely pubescent). A description, illustration, photos, and comparisons to similar species are included. Also included is a preliminary conservation assessment, along with a brief account of the important role played by Baret during the expedition. The new species appears to be restricted to the Amotape-Huancabamba zone, an area of southern Ecuador and northern Peru known for its exceptional biodiversity.
Gillett, Georce W. (Michigan State U., East Lansing.) An experimental study of variation in the Phacelia sericea complex. Amer. Jour. Bot. 48(1): 1–7. Illus. 1961.—The Phacelia sericea complex consists of 2 diploid (n = 11), intergrading species, P. idahoensis and P. sericea. The experimental culture of several races of this complex demonstrated that differences in pubescence, leaf shape, and flower shape persist in plants grown in a common environment. Experimental interspecific F1 hybrids demonstrated high fertility; portrayed intermediate expressions of pubescence, leaf shape, and flower shape; and were found to be, in many cases, indistinguishable from many wild intermediates. A study of herbarium specimens revealed numerous intergrades in which pubescence, leaf shape, and flower shape are highly variable, though loosely correlated. The evidence obtained from herbarium specimens, greenhouse cultures, field investigations, chromosome studies, and experimental hybridizations suggests a hybrid origin for the wild intermediates, recognized as Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray subsp. ciliosa (Rydb.) Gillett.
The goal of this study was to examine the taxonomy, ecology, molecular phylogenetics and biosystematics of two apparently closely related species and to elucidate congruent patterns from these often divergent sub-disciplines of systematics. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences showed that Phacelia fimbriata and Phacelia purshii are sister species that demonstrate species-specific differences in germination but little morphologic or genetic differentiation. While a geographic region of sympatry exists, elevation differences preclude co-occurrence. The widespread P. purshii supports higher levels of morphological and genetic diversity compared to the narrow endemic, P. fimbriata. Gene flow between members of this closely related species pair is blocked by hybrid inviability whose expression occurs following normal pollen tube growth and apparent fertilization. Hybrid seeds are inviable, an effect likely caused by an embryo-endosperm incompatibility that, following fertilization, permits development of maternal, but not hybrid fruit and seed tissues. This reproductive barrier adds to our knowledge of an already diverse suite of isolating mechanisms in Phacelia subgenus Cosmanthus.
Moore, G.: A review of the nomenclatural difficulties associated with misplaced rank‐denoting terms. – Taxon 50: 495–505. 2001. – ISSN 0040‐0262.
The nomenclatural difficulties associated with classifications that have misplaced rank‐denoting terms are reviewed. Several examples (both real and hypothetical) of classifications with misplaced rank‐denoting terms are discussed. A distinction is made between misplaced rank‐denoting terms and colloquially (mis)used rank‐denoting terms, and a discussion is provided on whether or not it may be useful to have such a distinction presented in the Code. In providing guidelines on how one should deal with the nomenclature of classifications that include misplaced rank‐denoting terms, a “minimal invalidity” concept is introduced. A review is made on how Art. 33.7 might be reworded so as to provide clearer guidance when dealing with classifications that involve misplaced rank‐denoting terms.
A study on four species of the genus Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae) was focused on flower and fruit development. A combination of morphological characters of the corolla and the gynoecium (including formation and distribution of crystals) is shown to be useful in segregating even closely related taxa within the genus. Half inferior ovaries, as demonstrated for two species, seem to be more frequent within the genus than previously assumed. Corresponding stages during early gynoecium development and characters of the nectary disc and corolla may underline a closer relationship between Hydrophyllaceae and Boraginaceae.
An analysis of evolutionary relationships within the angiosperm family Hydrophyllaceae was completed. A parsimony search using DNA sequence data from the chloroplast gene ndhF from 65 accessions yielded 3,227 most parsimonious trees distributed over six tree islands. Hydrophyllaceae, excluding Hydrolea and Codon, are nested within a paraphyletic Boraginaceae sensu lato. These "core" Hydrophyllaceae are restricted to the New World and have the derived feature of capsular fruits with parietal placentation and many small seeds. Two large clades can be recognized-a clade of annual and perennial herbs including Phacelia, tribe Hydrophylleae, and related genera, and a clade containing Nama and the woody, shrubby genera Eriodictyon, Turricula, and Wigandia. The second clade corresponds to the tribe Nameae sensu Gray, but the first has not been formally recognized. Evolutionary relationships based on ndhF are compared to current classification systems and inferences about evolution based on published morphological and anatomical studies.
Howellanthus (Constance) Walden and R. Patt. is recognized as a new genus, containing a single species H. dalesianus (J. T. Howell) Walden and R. Patt., based on morphological evidence. Howellanthus dalesianus (Boraginaceae) is a small perennial herb, endemic to northern California and restricted to ultramafic soils. The species was first collected in 1936 by Ella Dales Cantelow and Herbert Clair Cantelow, described by John Thomas Howell as Phacelia dalesiana J. T. Howell, and later placed in the monotypic Phacelia subg. Howellanthus by Lincoln Constance.
— Philibert Commerson, who died in 1773 on the île de France (present-day Mauritius), was the most important naturalist on Bougainville's voyage. The collections he assembled have played a significant part in the history of botany and ichthyology in particular. Most of his papers are held by the Bibliothèque centrale of the Muséum national ď Histoire naturelle in Paris ; the author presents a catalogue raisonné of them here.
Graduation date: 1980 A systematic study was made of the species comprising Phacelia section Miltitzia. These species, which are commonly found in the Great Basin physiographic province of western North America, are distinguished from other members of Phacelia by their yellow, marcescent corollas and their transversely corrugated seeds. This project utilized morphological, cytological, distributional, and palynological comparisons, and a study of the reproductive biology of the species in section Miltitzia. Over 600 specimens were studied from 20 herbaria in the United States. An artificial key to the nine species and two varieties of section Miltitzia is presented in the taxonomic treatment along with complete synonymies, descriptions, lists of representative specimens, and distribution maps. One new species, Phacelia monoensis, is described and an existing taxon, Phacelia submutica, is reduced to varietal status under Phacelia scopulina. File scanned at 300 ppi (Moochrome, 256 Grayscale) using Capture Perfect 3.0.82 on a Canon DR-9080C in PDF format. CVista PdfCompressor 4.0 was used for pdf compression and textual OCR.
—Type (lectotype designated by Ruiz & Pavó n, 1799): Aldea pinnata Ruiz & Pavó n, Fl. Peruv. 2:8, pl
- Aldea Ruiz
- Pavó N
- Fl
- Peruv
- Prodr
Aldea Ruiz & Pavó n, Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 16–17.
1794[1798]. —Type (lectotype designated by
Ruiz & Pavó n, 1799): Aldea pinnata Ruiz &
Pavó n, Fl. Peruv. 2:8, pl. 114 [CXIV], fig. a.
1799 (refers to p. 19 of the protologue in error).
Rocky Mts. 702. 1917. —Type: Phacelia heterophylla Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 140. 1814. Included taxa: Phacelia argentea A
- Phacelia
Phacelia [unranked] Heterophyllae Rydb., Fl.
Rocky Mts. 702. 1917. —Type: Phacelia
heterophylla Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 140. 1814.
Included taxa: Phacelia argentea A. Nelson &
J. F. Macbr., P. californica Cham., P. capitata
Kruckeb., P. corymbosa Jeps., P. egena (Brand) J.
Rocky Mts. 702. 1917. — Type: Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray, Amer
- Sericeae Rydb
Sericeae Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts. 702. 1917. —
Type: Phacelia sericea (Graham) A. Gray,
Amer. J. Sci. Arts, ser. 2. 34(101):254. 1862.
sericea (Graham) A. Gray, P. sericea var. sericea, P. sericea var
- P Macbr
Macbr., P. sericea (Graham) A. Gray, P. sericea
var. sericea, P. sericea var. ciliosa Rydb.
P. glandulosa var. glandulosa, P. glandulosa var. deserta Brand, P. gypsogenia I
- P A Atwood
- P Gray
- Griseb
Atwood, P. arizonica A. Gray, P. artemisioides
Griseb., P. bakeri (Brand) J. F. Macbr., P.
bombycina Wooton & Standl., P. cloudcroftensis
N. D. Atwood, P. coerulea Greene, P. congesta
Hook., P. constancei N. D. Atwood, P, corrugata
A. Nelson, P. cottamii N. D. Atwood, P. coulteri
Greenm., P. crenulata Torr. ex S. Watson, P.
crenulata var. crenulata, P. crenulata var. ambigua
(M. E. Jones) J. F. Macbr., P. crenulata var.
angustifolia N. D. Atwood, P. crenulata var.
minutiflora (J. W. Voss ex Munz) Jeps., P.
denticulata Osterh., P. formosula Osterh., P.
furnissii N. D. Atwood, P. glandulosa Nutt., P.
glandulosa var. glandulosa, P. glandulosa var.
deserta Brand, P. gypsogenia I. M. Johnst., P.
higginsii N. D. Atwood, P. hintoniorum B. L.
Turner, P. howelliana N. D. Atwood, P. hughesii
N. D. Atwood, P. infundibuliformis Torr., P.
infundibuliformis var. infundibuliformis, P. infundibuliformis var. phanerandra I. M. Johnst., P.
integrifolia Torr., P. integrifolia var. integrifolia,
P. integrifolia var. texana (J. W. Voss) N. D.
Atwood, P. mammillarensis N. D. Atwood, P.
marshall-johnstonii N. D. Atwood & Pinkava,
P. marshall-johnstonii var. marshall-johnstonii, P.
marshall-johnstonii var. deliciasana B. L. Turner,
P. neomexicana Thurb. ex Torr., P. orbicularis
Rydb., P. pallida I. M. Johnst., P. palmeri Torr.
ex S. Watson, P. pedicellata A. Gray, P. petrosa
N. D. Atwood, F. J. Sm., & T. A. Knight, P.
pinkavae N. D. Atwood, P. pinnatifida Griseb. ex
Wedd., P. popei Torr. & A. Gray, P, potosina B.
L. Turner, P. rafaelensis N. D. Atwood, P.
robusta (J. F. Macbr.) I. M. Johnst., P. rupestris
Greene, P. sanzinii Hicken, P. scariosa Brandegee, P. serrata J. W. Voss, P. setigera Phil., P.
setigera var. setigera, P. setigera var. humahuaquense Deginani, P. sinuata Phil., P. sivinskii N.
Phacelia [unranked] Ramosissimae Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts., 702. 1917. —Type: Phacelia ramosissima Douglas ex Lehm
- R Walden
- Patt
- Stat
- Nov
Phacelia Juss. sect. Ramosissimae (Rydb.) Walden
& R. Patt., stat. nov. Phacelia [unranked]
Ramosissimae Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts., 702.
1917. —Type: Phacelia ramosissima Douglas ex
Lehm., Nov. Stirp. Pug. (Lehmann) 2:21. 1830.
Included taxa: Phacelia cedrosensis Rose,
P. cicutaria Greene, P. cicutaria var. cicutaria,
216
MADRONMADRON˜MADRON˜O
[Vol. 59
P. malvifolia Cham. P. malvifolia var. malvifolia, P. malvifolia var. loasifolia (Benth
- P Macbr
- P Greene
- Benth
Macbr., P. cryptantha Greene, P. distans Benth.,
P. floribunda Greene, P. gentryi Constance, P.
hirtuosa A. Gray, P. hubbyi (J. F. Macbr.) L. M.
Garrison, P. ixodes Kellogg, P. lyonii A. Gray,
P. malvifolia Cham. P. malvifolia var. malvifolia,
P. malvifolia var. loasifolia (Benth.) Brand, P.
phyllomanica A. Gray, P. platyloba A. Gray, P.
pauciflora S. Watson, P. ramosissima Douglas ex
Lehm., P. ramosissima var. ramosissima, P.
ramosissima var. austrolitoralis Munz, P. ramosissima var. eremophila (Greene) J. F. Macbr., P.
ramosissima var. latifolia (Torr.) Cronquist, P.
ramosissima var. montereyensis Munz, P. rattanii
A. Gray, P. tanacetifolia Benth., P. thermalis
Greene, P. umbrosa Greene, P. vallis-mortae J.
— Type: Phacelia campanularia A. Gray, Syn):164. 1878. Included taxa: Phacelia campanularia A. Gray, P. campanularia var. campanularia, P
- Phacelia Juss
- Subsect
- G W Campanulariae
- Gillett
Phacelia Juss. subsect. Campanulariae G. W.
Gillett, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 28:62. 1955. —
Type: Phacelia campanularia A. Gray, Syn. Fl.
N. Amer. 2(1):164. 1878.
Included taxa: Phacelia campanularia A. Gray,
P. campanularia var. campanularia, P. campanularia var. vasiformis (G. W. Gillett) Walden & R.
Arts 10:326. 1875 (as 1 7. MICROGENETES). Microgenetes A. de Candolle
- Phacelia Juss
Phacelia Juss. subg. Microgenetes (A. de Candolle ) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 10:326.
1875 (as 1 7. MICROGENETES). Microgenetes A. de Candolle, Prodr. 9: 292–293. 1845.
—Type (lectotype designated by J. T. Howell
1946): Phacelia cumingii (Benth.) A. Gray, Syn.
Fl. N. Amer. 2(1):169. 1878.
Botany (Fortieth Parallel) 254. 1871. Phacelia sect. Microgenetes (A. de Candolle) Benth. & Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2:828. 1876. -Type (lectotype designated by
- Sect Phacelia Juss
- S Euglypta
- Watson
Phacelia Juss. sect. Euglypta S. Watson, Botany
(Fortieth Parallel) 254. 1871. Phacelia sect.
Microgenetes (A. de Candolle) Benth. &
Hook.f., Gen. Pl. 2:828. 1876. -Type (lectotype designated by J. T. Howell 1946): Phacelia
cumingii (Benth.) A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer.
2(1):169. 1878.
It will be seen that I incline to the latter view; but should retain Miltitzia as a subgenus
- T Howell
- Leafl W Bot
T. Howell, Leafl. W. Bot. 4:15. 1944. Miltitzia
A. de Candolle, Prodr. 9:296. 1845. Emmenanthe Benth. subg. Miltitzia (A. de Candolle)
A. Gray, War Department (U.S.), Pacif. Railr.
Rep. 1854–5, 6:84–85. 1857 (Gray wrote, ''It
will be seen that I incline to the latter view; but
should retain Miltitzia as a subgenus.''). —
Type: Phacelia lutea (Hook. & Arnott) J. T.
Howell, Leafl. W. Bot. 4:15. 1944.
Included taxa: Phacelia adenophora J. T.
demissa var. demissa, P. demissa var
- L Welsh
- P A Demissa
- P Gray
L. Welsh, P. demissa A. Gray, P. demissa var.
demissa, P. demissa var. heterotricha J. T. Howell,
P. demissa var. minor N. D. Atwood, P. filiae N.
Genera Plantarum: ad exemplaria imprimis in Herberiis Kewensibus servata definita Sistens dicotyledonum gamopetalarum ordines xxxix, Stylidieas-Plantagineas . 3 vols
- G J D And
- G Hooker
- J D Bentham
- Hooker
BENTHAM, G. AND J. D. HOOKER. 1876. Genera
Plantarum: ad exemplaria imprimis in Herberiis
Kewensibus servata definita, auctoribus G. Bentham et J. D. Hooker. Sistens dicotyledonum
gamopetalarum ordines xxxix, Stylidieas-Plantagineas. 3 vols., Vol. 2, pt. 2. Reeve, and Company,
London, UK.
BOUGAINVILLE, L. A. DE. 1771. Voyage de Bougainville, capitaine de vaisseau, autour de monde par
La Boudeuse et L'Etoile (années 1766, 1767, 1768,
et 1769). Paris, FR.
BRAND, A. 1913. Hydrophyllaceae. A. Engler (ed.).
Contribució n al conocimiento de tricomas y emergencias en Hydrophyllaceae. Clasificació n y consideraceones taxonó micas
- Di Fulvio
- T E N And
- Dottori
DI FULVIO, T. E. AND N. DOTTORI. 1995. Contribució n
al conocimiento de tricomas y emergencias en
Hydrophyllaceae. Clasificació n y consideraceones
taxonó micas. Kurtziana 24:19–24.
Phylogenetic analysis of Phacelia section Miltitzia Phylogenetic relationships in Phacelia (Boraginaceae) inferred from nrITS sequence data
- C K Garrison
GANONG, C. K. 2002. Phylogenetic analysis of Phacelia
section Miltitzia. M.S. Thesis, San Francisco State
University, San Francisco, CA.
GARRISON, L. M. 2007. Phylogenetic relationships in
Phacelia (Boraginaceae) inferred from nrITS sequence data. M.S. Thesis, San Francisco State
University, San Francisco, CA.
Genera plantarum secundum ordines naturales disposita. Herissant and Barrois
- A L De
JUSSIEU, A. L. DE. 1789. Genera plantarum secundum
ordines naturales disposita. Herissant and Barrois,
Paris, FR.
Sur les relations dans leur port ou leur aspect, que les plantes de certaines contrées ont entrélles, et sur une nouvelle espéce d'Hydrophylle. Hydrophyllum Magellanicum
- J B P A Lamarck
- De
LAMARCK, J. B. P. A. DE. 1792. Sur les relations dans
leur port ou leur aspect, que les plantes de certaines
contrées ont entrélles, et sur une nouvelle espéce
d'Hydrophylle. Hydrophyllum Magellanicum. Journal d'histoire naturelle 1:371-376, plate 19.
The life of Philibert Commerson, D.M., naturalist du roi: an old-world story of French travel and science in the days of Linneaus Indices Nominum Supragenericorum Plantarum Vascularium
- S P G F S And
- J Elliot
- Murray
- Uk London
- J Reveal
OLIVER, S. P. AND G. F. S. ELLIOT. 1909. The life of
Philibert Commerson, D.M., naturalist du roi: an
old-world story of French travel and science in the
days of Linneaus. J. Murray, London, UK.
REVEAL, J. 2012. Indices Nominum Supragenericorum
Plantarum Vascularium. Website: http://www.
plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/fam/allspgnames.
html [accessed 15 April 2012].
In United States geological expolration [sic] of the Fortieth Parallel
- Torrey Botany
TORREY. 1871. Botany. In United States geological
expolration [sic] of the Fortieth Parallel, S. Watson
(ed.). Washington, DC.
PHACELIA SUBDIVISIONS Phacelia sect
- Walden Patterson
WALDEN AND PATTERSON: PHACELIA SUBDIVISIONS Phacelia sect. Eutoca (R. Br.) Benth. & Hook.f.
Phacelia subsect. Eutoca (R. Br.) Walden & R.
Patt.
Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plains Jeanne Baret: the first woman to circumnavigate the globe
RYDBERG, P. A. 1917. Flora of the Rocky Mountains
and adjacent plains. Published by the author, New
York, NY.
SCHIEBINGER, L. 2003. Jeanne Baret: the first woman
to circumnavigate the globe. Endeavour 27:22–
25.
(lectotype designated by J. F. Gmelin 1791): Phacelia secunda
- Phacelia Juss
- Gen
Phacelia Juss., Gen. Pl. 129. 1789. —Type
(lectotype designated by J. F. Gmelin 1791):
Phacelia secunda J. F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. ed. 13.
2:330. 1791.
A revision of the Phacelia Crenulata group for North America (Concluded)
- J W Voss
VOSS, J. W. 1937a. A revision of the Phacelia Crenulata
group for North America. Bulletin of the Torrey
Botanical Club 64:81-96.
---. 1937b. A revision of the Phacelia Crenulata
group for North America (Concluded). Bulletin of
the Torrey Botanical Club 64:133-144.
—Type: Phacelia ramosissima Douglas ex Lehm
- Ramosissimae Rydb
- Rocky Fl
- Mts
Ramosissimae Rydb., Fl. Rocky Mts., 702.
1917. —Type: Phacelia ramosissima Douglas ex
Lehm., Nov. Stirp. Pug. (Lehmann) 2:21. 1830.
Included taxa: Phacelia cedrosensis Rose,
P. cicutaria Greene, P. cicutaria var. cicutaria,
216
MADRON˜OMADRON˜MADRON˜O
[Vol. 59
Revisió n de las especies argentinas del género Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae)
- N B Deginani
DEGINANI, N. B. 1982. Revisió n de las especies
argentinas del género Phacelia (Hydrophyllaceae).
Botany of the Death Valley Expedition
- F V Coville
COVILLE, F. V. 1893. Botany of the Death Valley
Expedition. Contributions from the United States
National Herbarium 4:1-318.
Philadelphia, ser. 2, 1:160. 1847 Included taxa
- Acad
- Nat
- Sci
Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, 1:160.
1847.
Included taxa: Phacelia alba Rydb., P. amabilis
Constance, P. anelsonii J.F.Macbr., P. argylensis
N. D. Atwood & S. L. Welsh, P. argillacea N. D.
— Type: Phacelia campanularia A. Gray, Syn
- Phacelia Juss
- G W Campanulariae
- Gillett
Phacelia Juss. subsect. Campanulariae G. W.
Gillett, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 28:62. 1955. —
Type: Phacelia campanularia A. Gray, Syn. Fl.
N. Amer. 2(1):164. 1878.
Included taxa: Phacelia campanularia A. Gray,
P. campanularia var. campanularia, P. campanularia var. vasiformis (G. W. Gillett) Walden & R.
Patt., P. longipes Torr. ex A. Gray, P. nashiana
Jeps.
Chromosome number and classification in Hydrophyllaceae
———. 1963. Chromosome number and classification
in Hydrophyllaceae. Brittonia 15:273–285.
A manual of southern California botany
MUNZ, P. A. 1935. A manual of southern California
botany. Claremont Colleges, Scripps Publishing
Fund, Claremont, CA.