![Holotype of Nemadoras cristinae n. sp. INPA 25659, 101.8 mm SL, Brazil: Rondônia: rio Madeira, beach immediately downstream of Cachoeira Caldeirão do Inferno [now just below Usina Hidrelétrica de Jirau], 9°15'30"S, 64°38'28"W.](https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mariangeles-Arce-H/publication/262043452/figure/fig2/AS:613927931105291@1523383233209/Holotype-of-Nemadoras-cristinae-n-sp-INPA-25659-1018-mm-SL-Brazil-Rondonia-rio_Q320.jpg)
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Nemadoras cristinae, New Species of Thorny Catfish (Siluriformes: Doradidae) with Redescriptions of Its Congeners
Abstract and Figures
Nemadoras cristinae is described from the upper Amazonas/Solimões and Madeira basins in Brazil, Colombia and Peru, with additional specimens from the upper Meta (Orinoco basin), Colombia, tentatively treated as conspecific. Nemadoras cristinae is distinguished from congeners by having 3–9 premaxillary teeth in approximately two rows in juveniles and adults, outermost teeth weakly spatulate and innermost more acicular (vs. premaxillary edentulous in adults of all congeners and limited to 1–6 acicular teeth in juveniles of N. elongatus, N. humeralis, N. leporhinus and N. ternetzi); and mental barbels with extremely elongate (filiform) papillae, length of longest papillae about 4–7 times its width at base (vs. papillae shorter, length of longest <3 times its width at base). Nemadoras cristinae most closely resembles N. leporhinus, but is further distinguished from that species by having shaft and primary fimbriae of maxillary barbel smooth (vs. outer margin of shaft and margins of primary fimbriae with distinct secondary fimbriae). Nuptial specimens of N. cristinae exhibit sexual dimorphism; in males the pungent dorsal spine is greatly prolonged by a soft, flexible tip approximately 19.8–23.9% of the total dorsal spine length (vs. 5.3–9.4% in females). The sturdy, spatulate teeth in the upper and lower jaws of N. cristinae are evidently effective tools for raking caddisfly larvae from their attached substrates, as gut contents were dominated by cases and larval remnants of Nectopsyche (Leptoceridae). The six other species of Nemadoras are redescribed, the monophyly of the genus is discussed, and an identification key is provided. Detailed observations on the mesethmoid and infraorbital bones and associated sensory canal are reported for Nemadoras and compared to other species of fimbriate-barbel doradids.
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... Donascimiento et al. 2017, Mojica et al. 2005Donascimiento et al. 2017, Fowler 1945, Galvis et al. 2007a MPUJ Lasso et al. 2009, Villa-Navarro et al. 2021 orn Arbeláez et al. 2008, Mojica et al. 2005, Prieto 2000, Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro 2008 Arbeláez et al. 2008, Arbeláez et al. 2004, Donascimiento et al. 2017, Galvis et al. 2007a, Mojica et al. 2005, Prieto 2000 ICNMHN Donascimiento et al. 2017, Lasso et al. 2009, Vari & Ferraris 2006, Villa-Navarro et al. 2021 http://www.scielo.br/bn https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2022-1392...ContinuationDonascimiento et al. 2017, Mojica et al. 2005, Ortega et al. 2006 con Donascimiento et al. 2017, Sabaj Pérez et al. 2014Donascimiento et al. 2017, Mojica et al. 2005, Sabaj Pérez et al. 2014, Santos 2000, Vejarano 2000Donascimiento et al. 2017, Mojica et al. 2005, Sabaj Pérez et al. 2014Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2005, Mojica et al. 2005 ...
... Donascimiento et al. 2017, Mojica et al. 2005Donascimiento et al. 2017, Fowler 1945, Galvis et al. 2007a MPUJ Lasso et al. 2009, Villa-Navarro et al. 2021 orn Arbeláez et al. 2008, Mojica et al. 2005, Prieto 2000, Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro 2008 Arbeláez et al. 2008, Arbeláez et al. 2004, Donascimiento et al. 2017, Galvis et al. 2007a, Mojica et al. 2005, Prieto 2000 ICNMHN Donascimiento et al. 2017, Lasso et al. 2009, Vari & Ferraris 2006, Villa-Navarro et al. 2021 http://www.scielo.br/bn https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2022-1392...ContinuationDonascimiento et al. 2017, Mojica et al. 2005, Ortega et al. 2006 con Donascimiento et al. 2017, Sabaj Pérez et al. 2014Donascimiento et al. 2017, Mojica et al. 2005, Sabaj Pérez et al. 2014, Santos 2000, Vejarano 2000Donascimiento et al. 2017, Mojica et al. 2005, Sabaj Pérez et al. 2014Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2005, Mojica et al. 2005 ...
... Donascimiento et al. 2017, Mojica et al. 2005Donascimiento et al. 2017, Fowler 1945, Galvis et al. 2007a MPUJ Lasso et al. 2009, Villa-Navarro et al. 2021 orn Arbeláez et al. 2008, Mojica et al. 2005, Prieto 2000, Sarmento-Soares & Martins-Pinheiro 2008 Arbeláez et al. 2008, Arbeláez et al. 2004, Donascimiento et al. 2017, Galvis et al. 2007a, Mojica et al. 2005, Prieto 2000 ICNMHN Donascimiento et al. 2017, Lasso et al. 2009, Vari & Ferraris 2006, Villa-Navarro et al. 2021 http://www.scielo.br/bn https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2022-1392...ContinuationDonascimiento et al. 2017, Mojica et al. 2005, Ortega et al. 2006 con Donascimiento et al. 2017, Sabaj Pérez et al. 2014Donascimiento et al. 2017, Mojica et al. 2005, Sabaj Pérez et al. 2014, Santos 2000, Vejarano 2000Donascimiento et al. 2017, Mojica et al. 2005, Sabaj Pérez et al. 2014Bogotá-Gregory & Maldonado-Ocampo 2005, Mojica et al. 2005 ...
The Colombian Amazon region is part of the Neotropical rainforest (humid forest biome) covering an area of 483,163 km2 and includes tributaries of both the Amazon and Orinoco River basins. The aquatic ecosystems found there include: rivers and alluvial plains originating in Andean headwaters, on eroded soils of tropical forests in the lowlands, and Guiana Shield formations, comprising a dense fluvial drainage network in the lowlands, with Paleogene/Neogene geological formations (terra firme streams in higher places that don’t usually flood) and Paleozoic (shield streams); and Andean and Guiana Shield streams above 200–250 m a.s.l. We present here an exhaustive compilation of published information, supported by fish collections, consisting of a list of 1104 species distributed in 375 genera, 53 families, and 16 orders. We include occurrence data of these species in each sub-basin. The presence/absence species matrix was analyzed using a dendrogram and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis to identify patterns of similarity between basins and sub-basins. We evaluated species composition between basins and among the different geological origins using PERMANOVA. The dendrogram shows co-occurrences of 404 species in the two basins. It also shows two clear groupings of the sub-basins of the Amazon (except Guainía-Negro drainages) and those of the Orinoco. Within the Amazon Basin, there are two nodes according to the geological origin: systems of Andean origin and those of the lowlands. The dendrogram results are consistent with the NMDS analysis, which shows a clear grouping according to the connectivity of the basins; the Guainía-Negro is included in the Amazon basin. Species distribution patterns were supported by the PERMANOVA, and differed significantly between basins (F = 4.3, R = 0.26, P = 0.003) and geological origin (F = 3.6, R = 0.23, P = 0.003). The number of species in this study represents almost a fifth of the ichthyofauna of the Neotropics and about a third of that of the Amazon River basin; clearly supporting Colombia’s status among the countries with the greatest diversity of freshwater fish species of the planet. We include here a significant number of new records (75 spp), provide a first approximation of the distribution patterns, and a framework for future biogeographical studies.
... Whereas most species of Doradidae have a single-pored axillary gland, others possess a glandular tissue associated with (Birindelli et al. 2007), Doras (Sabaj Pérez and Birindelli 2008), Anduzedoras, Hassar (Birindelli et al. 2011), Nemadoras (Sabaj Pérez et al. 2014), Tenellus, Trachydoras, and the basal species of Leptodoras (Sabaj 2005). Nothing is known about the function and anatomical characteristics of the epidermal glands present in these species, how their structure is compared to that described here for Acanthodoras, or to that described for other singled-pored doradids (e.g., Lithodoras dorsalis). ...
Acanthodoras is the only genus of catfish known to secrete a conspicuous and abundant milky-looking substance through an axillary pore located just below the base of the posterior cleithral process. Despite this remarkable feature, there is no published information on the anatomical structures that produce the secretion and its possible biological/ecological functions. Dissection and histological analysis of preserved specimens of A. spinosissimus revealed the presence of a saccular axillary gland with large, binuclear secretory cells, similar to those found in other poisonous catfish. Secretory cells near the lumen appear to lose nuclei and become filled with secretory products, possibly with proteinaceous elements, as indicated by their eosinophilic appearance. As far as we know, the saccular morphology of the gland appears to constitute a unique characteristic of Acanthodoras among Doradidae catfishes. Further studies are necessary to determine the chemical composition of the secretion, as well as its possible uses by the catfish in its natural environment.
... Based on cleared and stained specimens and skeletal preparations, Sabaj et al. (2014) noted that in all fimbriatebarbel taxa except Trachydoras the anteriormost tip of the mesethmoid is narrow and prolonged beyond the lateral apices of the paired cornua supporting the premaxillae. Alternatively, they described the anterior margin of the mesethmoid as scarcely concave, truncate or broadly rounded in Trachydoras (e.g., Fig. 1C). ...
Se reporta formalmente la presencia de Dianema urostriatum (Miranda Ribeiro, 1912), en afluentes del río Putumayo, ampliando de esta forma su distribución geográfica en la cuenca Amazónica. Este registro enriquece la ictiofauna continental peruana.
This study presents an extensive review of published and unpublished occurrence records of fish species in the Loreto department. Located in the northeast of the country, Loreto is the most geographically extensive region in the Peruvian territory. Despite the increase in fish collections in Loreto in recent years, the ichthyofauna of this department needs to be more documented. Based on a database of scientific collections and bibliographic information, an updated checklist of the freshwater fishes from Loreto is presented. The results reveal a rich and diversified ichthyofauna, with 873 species distributed in 331 genera, 50 families and 15 orders. The main groups are Characiformes (42.6%), Siluriformes (34.8%), Gymnotiformes (8.6%) and Cichliformes (7.4%). Part of the ichthyofauna has restricted distribution for Loreto (4.7%). In addition, 9.0% of species from Loreto are used in fisheries. Meanwhile, 219 species (25%) were categorized according to the IUCN criteria where only six species (0.7%) are currently considered threatened species (CR, EN or VU). The results presented in this work indicate that this department needs more studies to know the biodiversity of fish, likewise, the information presented constitutes a contribution to the knowledge of fish diversity that would support environmental management actions and decision-making aimed at conserving one of the most diverse departments of Peru.
Ageneiosus inermis is the largest species of the family Auchenipteridae (Siluriformes) and has a primarily piscivorous diet, although no comprehensive data are available on the habitat use of this species. Given this, the present study describes the diet of A. inermis , and provides inferences on its habitat use, based on the known behavior of its prey species. We analyzed the stomach contents of 14 specimens collected in the middle of Xingu River in the Brazilian state of Pará, which we complemented with data on 47 other specimens obtained from two published studies. Most of the ingested items were fish associated with the bottom substrate and riverbanks. Although A. inermis is considered a pelagic species, we conclude it forages by exploring the river’s bottom and margins. Furthermore, as A. inermis is presumed to be diurnal, we assume that it does not pursue its prey actively, given that most of the prey species are nocturnal, but rather searches actively during the daytime for prey hidden in the bottom substrate. This hypothesis on the feeding strategy of A. inermis can only be confirmed by underwater observations, either in the wild or under captive conditions.
Objetivos:
Conocer los avances taxonómicos en peces de aguas dulces en el período 2010-2019, con base en la característica megadiversidad de la riqueza de especies de peces dulceacuícolas en Colombia.
Alcance:
Inventario de los peces dulceacuícolas adicionados a las listas conocidas en el país.
Metodología:
Se realizó una detallada y exhaustiva revisión del material biológico presente en Colecciónes personales, en museos y en centros de investigación, así como de los registros publicados entre 2010 y 2019.
Principales resultados:
Fruto de la búsqueda e investigación realizada, se registran 110 especies de peces dulceacuícolas nuevas para Colombia (América del Sur): (dos en 2010, 14 en 2011, cuatro en 2012, nueve en 2013, nueve en 2014, diez en 2015, tres en 2016, seis en 2017, nueve en 2018, una en 2019). Estas especies fueron descritas de las cuencas del Magdalena, Caribe, Orinoco, Cauca, Pacífico, Amazonas, San Juan, Catatumbo, y Atrato; en los ríos colombianos: Amazonas, Atrato, Catatumbo, Cauca, Magdalena, Orinoco, del Pacífico y del Caribe de Colombia. Las 110 nuevas especies registradas aquí pertenecen a 15 familias y 32 géneros que se encuentran en los departamentos de Amazonas (4), Antioquia (5), Boyacá (1), Caldas (4), Cauca (1), Casanare (1), Cesar (10), Córdoba (4), Chocó (5), Cundinamarca (2), Guainía (2), Guaviare (1), La Guajira (1), Huila (1), Magdalena (2), Meta (12), Nariño (3), Putumayo (3), Risaralda (2), Santander (27), Norte de Santander (6), Tolima (10), Valle del Cauca (1), Vaupés (1) y Vichada (1). Así mismo, las altitudes cubren un amplio rango pues fluctuaron entre 1 y 2.700 msnm.
Conclusiones:
En cuanto a las cuencas, es significativo resaltar la presencia de 62 especies en la cuenca del río Magdalena, que recorre el centro de país e incluye los territorios de 17 departamentos, lo cual sorprende por cuanto es una de las cuencas mejor conocidas y muestreadas. Las 110 especies (2010 - 2019) incluidas en este trabajo, aumentan significativamente el número oficial de especies nacionales y las adiciones confirman la macro-diversidad específica colombiana, particularmente en sus peces de agua dulce. Se resalta que el arduo trabajo de los grupos de investigación ha permitido conocer mejor las cuencas hidrográficas y los peces del país. Entre los factores que han influido positivamente en los hallazgos se encuentran la variedad de artes, métodos, las condiciones de muestreo, la exploración de nuevas áreas geográficas o el trabajo en lugares que hacía años no se visitaban.
We provide a general compilation of the diversity and geographical distribution of Amazonian fishes, updated to the end of 2018. Our database includes documented distributions of 4214 species (both Amazonian and from surrounding basins), compiled from published information plus original data from ichthyological collections. Our results show that the Amazon basin comprises the most diverse regional assemblage of freshwater fishes in the world, with 2716 valid species (1696 of which are endemic) representing 529 genera, 60 families, and 18 orders. These data permit a view of the diversity and distribution of Amazonian fishes on a basinwide scale, which in turn allows the identification of congruent biogeographical patterns, here defined as the overlapping distributions of two or more lineages (species or monophyletic groups). We recognize 20 distinct distributional patterns of Amazonian fishes, which are herein individually delimited, named, and diagnosed. Not all these patterns are associated with identifiable geographical barriers, and some may result from ecological constraints. All the major Amazonian subdrainages fit into more than one biogeographical pattern. This fact reveals the complex history of hydrographical basins and shows that modern basin-defined units contribute relatively little as explanatory factors for the present distributions of Amazonian fishes. An understanding of geomorphological processes and associated paleographic landscape changes provides a far better background for interpreting observed patterns. Our results are expected to provide a framework for future studies on the diversification and historical biogeography of the Amazonian aquatic biota.
Doradidae is a putatively monophyletic group of South American freshwater catfishes containing 30 extant genera and 72 valid species. Only one study to date has attempted to estimate phylogenetic relationships among doradids. This morphological analysis partitioned species into two basal genera (Wertheimeria and Francisodoras) and a crown group of three subfamilies (Platydoradinae, Astrodoradinae and Doradinae) whose relationships were unresolved. No subsequent work has been done to resolve the subfamilial trichotomy or to assess whether postulated intergeneric relationships are accurate. We address this problem with complete sequences (2.5 kilobases, kb) of mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes and partial (1.3 kb) sequences of the nuclear elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1α) gene from representatives of 23 doradid genera (43 species) and 13 outgroups from additional siluriform families. Phylogenetic analysis of these data yields strong support for the monophyly of Doradidae and Astrodoradinae (as well as other relationships), but otherwise shows significant conflict with morphological results. A partial re-examination of published morphological data indicates that many characters may have been incorrectly polarized and many taxa have incorrect state assignments. Our results provide a framework for ongoing efforts to describe the species-level diversity of this poorly understood neotropical family. © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2004, 140, 551–575.
Platydoras brachylecis, new species, is described from coastal drainages of northeastern Brazil (Pindare to Parnaiba rivers), and diagnosed from congeners by the unique combination of. pale yellow to white stripe beginning above orbits, continuing midlaterally on body and onto middle rays of caudal fin; skin in axil of each midlateral thorn without concentration of pigment forming small dark spot, midlateral scutes shallow (depth of 1011 scute 8.8-11.9% of SL), and midlateral scutes on caudal peduncle distinctly separated by strip of skin from middorsal and midventral caudal-peduncle plates. Three additional species of Plattydoras are recognized as valid: P. armatulus (lower Orinoco, Amazon and Paraguay-Parana drainages), P. costatus (coastal drainages of Suriname and French Guiana), and P. hancockii (upper Orinoco, Negro, Essequibo and Demerara drainages). The nominal species P. dentatus and P helicophilus are tentatively treated as junior synonyms of P. costatus. A key to species of Platydoras is provided.
This book, with its appendix of brief biographies of men commemorated in biological nomenclature, has gone through three editions and five printings since 1944—the last, a full revision with insertion of an addendum. This is remarkable. Clearly, people want to know why things are named as they are. Apparently the sources indicated in medical, biological, and standard dictionaries do not satisfy this need. A further reason for the popularity of the book may be the fallen state of Greek and Latin learning in these decadent, mechanistic, modern times. Whatever the reason, the book has evoked interest which this reviewer shares. The system of arrangement, the orderly explanation of Greek and Latin usage in nomenclature, and the cross references add much to its value. It is aimed at biology generally; hence, many medical terms are not included, although the roots of these can usually be found easily. Thus, it is useful
Doradidae is a monophyletic catfish family endemic to continental South America, and composed of 93 valid species here placed in 31 genera. Existing phylogenetic hypotheses for Doradidae are derived from comprehensive analyses of morphological data, and a single molecular-based study on a limited subset of taxa. To provide a robust molecular phylogeny commensurate with those based on morphology, we gathered original and published sequence data for 86 species-level taxa (at least 70 valid species plus 16 new or questionably nominal species) and all genera of Doradidae, as well as 10 species (nine genera) of Auchenipteridae and three species and genera of Aspredinidae as outgroups. 3011 base pairs were aligned for two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, and 16S ribosomal RNA) and one nuclear gene (recombination activating gene 1), and analyzed for a total of 143 specimens (130 doradids, 10 auchenipterids and three aspredinids). Tree topologies generated by Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian analyses were largely congruent, and are compared to existing phylogenies based on morphology and molecules. Although many of the relationships supported by our molecular analyses corroborated those based on morphology, others are newly hypothesized or remain in conflict.
Ossancora, new genus, is diagnosed within Doradidae by having the unique combination of posterior coracoid process approximately as long as posterior cleithral process in adults, posterior cranial fontanel occluded, long maxillary barbel with smooth elongate fimbriae, and teeth present on dentary and premaxilla. A similarly long posterior coracoid process is found in only one other doradid species, Trachydoras paraguayensis, which is distinguished, as are its congeners, from Ossancora by having a small posterior cranial fontanel retained in adults, a relatively short maxillary barbel with stout fimbriae, and edentulous jaws. Three nominal species are recognized as valid and redescribed in Ossancora: Doras punctatus Kner 1853, in both the Amazonas and Paraná-Paraguay basins, Oxydoras eigenmanni Boulenger 1895, in the Paraguay basin, and Doras fimbriatus Kner 1855 in the Amazonas basin. The younger name Doras fimbriatus Kner 1855 is considered valid as a nomen protectum according to Article 23.9 of the ICZN, and its older synonym, D. loricatus Kner 1853 qualifies as a nomen oblitum. A fourth new species, Ossancora asterophysa, is described and diagnosed in part by a gas bladder morphology that is distinctive among congeners. Three species, O. eigenmanni, O. fimbriata and O. asterophysa, form a monophyletic group based on three shared characteristics: smooth elongate fimbriae inserted in more than one row, one dorsally and one ventrally, along anterior margin of maxillary barbel (uniquely derived among Doradidae), elongate fimbriae on mental barbels, and anterior nuchal plate reduced, not sutured to epioccipital (latter two features uniquely derived among Ossancora). Ossancora is typical of lowland floodplain lakes and river channels, and its occurrence in the both the Amazonas and Paraná-Paraguay supports a historical link between these two basins. A key to species and detailed anatomical descriptions are provided. Type specimens are discussed and lectotypes are newly designated for Oxydoras eigenmanni Boulenger 1895, D. fimbriatus Kner 1855, and Doras (Corydoras) punctatus Kner 1853, respectively.