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Changing risk behaviors and adopting health behaviors: The role of self-efficacy beliefs
Abstract
Adolescents' beliefs in their personal control affects their psychological well-being and the direction their lives take. Self-Efficacy in Changing Societies analyzes the diverse ways in which beliefs of personal efficacy operate within a network of sociocultural influences to shape life paths. The chapters, by internationally known experts, cover such concepts as infancy and personal agency, competency through the life span, the role of family, and cross-cultural factors.
... This study extends important theoretical foundations, such as [35], Social Cognitive Theory, which identifies self-efficacy as a factor that shapes individuals' behavior and performance [36]. Moreover, organizational culture theories included in studies, suggest that there is a significant effect of shared values, norms, and practices on employees' behavior and outcomes [3,37,38] . ...
... Research has even discovered that a supportive work environment may keep well-experienced teachers around and subsequently improve quality across the board [147]. This helps in supporting conducive educational environment and effective teaching strategy thanks to an understanding of job motivate dynamics confronting Indonesian educators [35,148]. ...
... The model is based on [38,181,182], definition of organizational culture as a pattern of shared basic assumptions and common practices within organizations. [35,36] self-efficacy theory, teachers self-report their perceptions of teachers' belief in their abilities to execute teaching tasks; and plays a vital role attaining optimum performance. The performance of teachers is judged taking a better and more comprehensive look at the quality and effectiveness of teaching is done [183], well-structured framework that included different aspects that lead to effective teaching. ...
To examine these relationships in a school setting, this study investigates the effects of organizational culture on teacher performance directly using leadership and work motivation as mediators and ‘self-efficacy’ variables. Using primary data from the educators of different universities, we apply an Agenda based Structural Equation Model (SEM) by using SmartPLS 2024. Results featured highlighted strong positive correlations where organizational culture and self-efficacy directly impact on teacher performance, along with work motivation acting as a significant mediate between these links. The above findings are significant as the relationship between leadership and work motivation were identified to be among essential drivers of teacher performance which can lead to an indication that effective leadership yields high motivational levels with educators. The inter-relatedness of these constructs suggests the value in nurturing a supportive organization culture and effective leadership to positively affect educational outcomes. The study concludes with a focus on the importance of education policymakers to set up environments that promote teacher motivation and performance, thus positively affecting students’ experience in schools the ultimate beneficiaries.
... Особи з низьким рівнем самоефективності схильні до прогнозування невдач, які можуть трапитися на шляху до цілі. Думаючи про недоліки своєї діяльності, вони можуть зупинятися передчасно [24]. ...
... Уникаючи зазначених ситуацій і їхніх наслідків, люди часто обирають ризиковану для особистого здоров'я поведінку: паління, вживання алкоголю, ризиковані сексуальні стосунки, поганий фізичний стан через відсутність спорту, шкідливе харчування тощо. R. Schwarzer, R. Fuchs зазначають, що така поведінка допомагає контролювати свої емоції, але за рахунок здоров'я у довгостроковій перспективі [24]. ...
... Вивчаючи вплив переконань у самоефективності на зміну ризикованої поведінки щодо здоров'я, R. Schwarzer і R. Fuchs зазначають, що оптимістична віра у себе є своєрідним фасилітатором думок і дій, пов'язаних зі здоров'ям [24]. Очікування позитивного результату важливі для постановки конкретної мети -звільнитися від ризикованої поведінки. ...
У статті розглянуто центральну роль конструкту самоефективності та його вплив на поведінку людини у різних сферах життя. Зазначено, що самоефективність – це віра індивіда у свою здатність впливати на виклики навколишнього середовища власними діями. Високі очікування ефективності сприяють процесу адаптації у складних життєвих ситуаціях. Зазначений феномен має високе ресурсне значення, а його сила перевищує вплив соціальних факторів навколишнього середовища. Високоефективні особи сприймають труднощі як виклики, пояснюючи невдачі недостатньою кількістю власних зусиль. На противагу цьому, індивіди з низьким рівнем самоефективності схильні до тривожності, прогнозування невдач і самозвинувачення. Високий рівень самоефективності впливає на мотивацію, мислення, сприйняття еустресу та дистресу, вибір ефективних копінг-стратегій у подоланні труднощів. Рівень самоефективність може змінюватися під впливом навколишнього середовища, особливо у молодих людей. Самоефективність є предиктором професійного вигорання та запобіжником у виборі залежної поведінки. Проаналізовано різні напрямки досліджень, які вказують на значний науковий інтерес до цього самоконструкту та його високу теоретичну цінність. Визначено опосередковані механізми, що впливають на сприйняття самоефективності: особисті досягнення, вікарний досвід, численні невдачі, відсутність зворотнього зв’язку, вербальне переконання, несприятливий стиль атрибуції успіхів і невдач, виховання, фізіологічний стан людини. Проаналізовано роль самоефективності у різких стресових переходах (вимушена міграція, безробіття), виборі поведінки щодо здоров’я, зміні залежної поведінки, виборі кар’єри, розвитку професії.
... This research uses the "General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)" developed by Matthias Jerusalem and Ralf Schwarzer in 1981 as a tool (Schwarzer and Fuchs, 1995), and the Chinese version of the "General Self-Efficacy Scale" developed by Zhang and Schwarzerc (1995). A total of 10 questions is used with a Likert 4-point scale scoring: 4 points for "completely correct, " 3 points for "mostly correct, " 2 points for "fairly correct, " 1 point for "completely incorrect" (Schwarzer and Fuchs, 1995). ...
... This research uses the "General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES)" developed by Matthias Jerusalem and Ralf Schwarzer in 1981 as a tool (Schwarzer and Fuchs, 1995), and the Chinese version of the "General Self-Efficacy Scale" developed by Zhang and Schwarzerc (1995). A total of 10 questions is used with a Likert 4-point scale scoring: 4 points for "completely correct, " 3 points for "mostly correct, " 2 points for "fairly correct, " 1 point for "completely incorrect" (Schwarzer and Fuchs, 1995). ...
Background
Confronting a patient’s breathing difficulties, clinical junior nurses often do not know how to respond, and fail to give proper evaluation and treatment. Sudden changes in the condition make the clinical nursing novices feel pressured, and even, frustrated.
Objectives
This study aims at exploring the effectiveness of the high-realistic situational simulation of dyspnea teaching program for pre-clinical and clinical 1st year nurses after graduation.
Design
This study adopts a quasi-experimental repeated measure pre-post-test design study with nonequivalent control group pre- and post-test research design. A total of 135 subjects participated in the research: nurses, post graduate year (NPGY) (N = 69), have been employed in the adult ward of a medical center for less than 1 year; and pre-clinical nurses (N = 66), 3rd-year nursing students with nurse licenses from a university in the central part of Taiwan. Simulation-based education instructed and incorporated into the high-realistic situation simulation dyspnea teaching program. Questionnaires were used to measure the effectiveness of learning, data were analyzed with SPSS version 20.0, and the scores were repeatedly measured with the generalized estimating equation.
Results
For “cognition, skills, attitude, self-efficacy, teamwork,” NPGY and pre-clinical nurses’ post-tests are better than pre-tests, with statistically significant results. NPGY nurses’ “skills,” “attitude” and “teamwork” learning effectiveness are better than those of the pre-clinical nurses.
Conclusion
The high-realistic situational simulation of dyspnea teaching program can significantly improve the learning effectiveness of NPGY nurses and pre-clinical nurses in the clinical evaluation and treatment of dyspnea.
... In other words, this concept defines one's expectation of the achievement that results from a given behavior. It can affect every behavior element, such as efforts to act against an imminent dangerous behavior to achieve one's goal or the desire to overcome hindrances [8]. On the assumption that when someone does not expect to practice a particular behavior successfully, he or she will not take that action [9], and self-efficacy affects a user's perceived usefulness and ease of use [10] [11]. ...
... Such defined variables were reflected in 35 questions of this survey as follows: As to personal influence, 4 questions about health concern and 3 questions about self-efficacy and personal innovation were designed based on the following previous studies: Dutta-Bergman [5], Schwarzer and Fuch [8], and Venkatraman and Price [10]. As to information quality, 3 questions were designed regarding shared information quality, information reliability, and information availability, respectively, based on the previous study of DeLone and McLean [34]. ...
The convergence of advanced technologies such as AI, IoT, and BigData with medical technology also has changed medical services significantly. Particularly digital healthcare services have developed in the untact settings by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to examine factors that affect the usefulness of such digital health care services perceived by users and their use satisfaction. The study defines the 'personal influence factor, 'information quality factor,' and 'social impact factor' that affect digital healthcare service use and empirically analyzes the effects of such factors on perceived usefulness and use satisfaction. A survey was conducted among 364 individuals who used digital healthcare services in Korea, and then statistical analysis results were derived. Hence analysis results show that personal influence factors and social impact factors positively affected perceived usefulness while information quality factors did not. In addition, it turned out that personal influence factors and information quality factors had positive effects on use satisfaction while social impact factors did not affect use satisfaction. The above-stated results suggest that when it comes to digital healthcare service, personal influence factors concerning the experience of product or service use affected perceived usefulness and use satisfaction, social impact factors affected perceived usefulness, and information quality factors affected use satisfaction to a significant degree.
... In other words, this concept defines one's expectation of the achievement that results from a given behavior. It can affect every behavior element, such as efforts to act against an imminent dangerous behavior to achieve one's goal or the desire to overcome hindrances [8]. On the assumption that when someone does not expect to practice a particular behavior successfully, he or she will not take that action [9], and self-efficacy affects a user's perceived usefulness and ease of use [10] [11]. ...
... Such defined variables were reflected in 35 questions of this survey as follows: As to personal influence, 4 questions about health concern and 3 questions about self-efficacy and personal innovation were designed based on the following previous studies: Dutta-Bergman [5], Schwarzer and Fuch [8], and Venkatraman and Price [10]. As to information quality, 3 questions were designed regarding shared information quality, information reliability, and information availability, respectively, based on the previous study of DeLone and McLean [34]. ...
... In general, an individual's judgment of himself or herself regarding the capacity to organize the tasks necessary to perform a given performance and to successfully perform that task is called self-efficacy (Bandura, 1986). It is known that people who do not back down easily when faced with difficulties, who are persistent and patient, have high self-efficacy and make serious efforts to achieve a task (Schwarzer & Fuchs, 1995). For this reason, it has been emphasized in many studies that the self-efficacy perception is one of the notable features that should be emphasized in education (Aşkar & Umay, 2001;Hodges & Stackpole-Hodges, 2018). ...
The purpose of this study is to determine the opinions and self-efficacy beliefs of middle school students towards mathematical connections before and after the process in a learning environment prepared in the context of connections with different disciplines and including modeling tasks. An embedded experimental mixed method design was used in the research. The study was conducted with a sum of sixty-one students in the seventh-grade experimental and control groups for fifteen weeks, including the pre-test¬, post-test, and application process. As a data collection tool, mathematical modelling tasks, mathematical connection self-efficacy scale, and pre-post opinion forms for mathematical connection were applied. It was observed that there is no statistically meaningful difference between the pre-test and post-test scores of the groups in terms of mathematical connection self-efficacy. However, after the process, it was specified that connecting mathematics with other disciplines assisted the development of students’ opinions on mathematics and different courses.
... These models have been shown to explain behavioral change processes among individuals who engage in harmful or abusive cannabis use (Medina-Anzano et al., 2021). One such model is the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), developed by Schwarzer (1992Schwarzer ( , 2008 and Schwarzer and Fuchs (1995), which aims to overcome the shortcomings of previous models that focused more on motivational processes rather than on volitional processes (Schwarzer & Luszczynska, 2008). ...
Ensuring that juvenile offenders (JOs) who stop consume cannabis during their detention remain abstinence after their sentence has been served is a fundamental preventive measure. The present study explores whether the variables ofthe motivational phase of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) predicted the intention not to use cannabis after the end of the detention period among JOs. It also analyzes the mediating effect of past behavior and the moderating effect of gender. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 103 JOs in detention centers in southern Spain (mean age =16.33 years,70.6% male). Results: A multiple linear regression analysis confirmed the joint effect of motivational variables (risk perceptions,positive and negative outcome expectancies, and action self-efficacy) on intention. Except for positive outcome expectancies, all motivational variables were found to mediate the effect of age at onset on intention. Moderation analysis revealed that when risk perceptions and action self-efficacy were high, female JOs expressed a stronger intention not to use cannabis than their male counterparts. Conclusions: The results confirm the effectiveness of the HAPA for predicting the intention not to use cannabis among JOs after the end of their detention period. The present study lays the groundwork for future research, which should broaden the analysis to include the volitional stage of change and JOs serving other sentences involving less supervision and greater opportunities to use. The results presented here will help inform the design of preventive programs, with a gender perspective.
... These findings are supported by the study of Schwarzer and Fuchs (1995), which suggested for men, outcome expectancy (instead of self-efficacy) might play a more important role to motivate cancer screen behaviors. For women's cancer screen behaviors, although outcome expectancy seemed to play a minor role, low selfefficacy could be compensated by a high level of outcome expectancy. ...
Although research on the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) with science instruction has identified significant benefits to students and teachers, K-12 teachers tend to underutilize ICT in their science instruction. This study used a quasi-experimental design to measure preservice early childhood teachers’ attitudes (self-efficacy and outcome expectancy) toward the integration of technology into their science instruction before and after curricular intervention during their science methods course. Both the treatment and control groups showed significant positive change in their self-efficacy scores at the end of the course. Only the treatment group, however, showed a significant positive change in outcome expectancy. Previous research has shown that outcome expectancy is resistant to change as a result of instruction. In light of the results of this study, implications for the instruction of preservice teachers in the use of educational technology to teach science are discussed, as are considerations for future research.
... Self-efficacy also reduces uncertainty. Users with a strong sense of self-efficacy are less likely to be deterred by the complexities of the donation process or concerns about making a mistake [10]. ...
... This study is based on various theories in which the relationship among leadership, self-efficacy, compensation and job satisfaction leading to teacher's performance. One of the key theoretical constructs comes from Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory Bandura (1986), Schunk and DiBenedetto (2021), Schwarzer and Fuchs (1995), which states that self-efficacy works as a predisposed variable based on how motivated an individual is. When teachers have high self-efficacy, they are more likely to use effective teaching practices that help them when faced with challenging situations and eventually lead to the improved performance of their students. ...
The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of leadership on teacher performance via self-efficacy and job satisfaction, a mediating variable, as well as compensation. Based upon an Indonesia study, the research engages a meta-analysis of these relationships for illuminating insights on optimizing teacher performance in educational environments. We collected data from a sample of 680 teachers 87% response rate and analyzed them using SmartPLS, the evaluation comparable to complex social science models. The results suggest that both self-efficacy and compensation affect teacher performance directly, respectively, through job satisfaction; principal leadership only has a significant direct effect on the dependent variable without being mediated by job satisfaction. These results may have implications for how intrinsic and extrinsic factors, motivation, rewards, and leadership styles influence faculty outcomes. The practical implications include a call for targeted teacher professional development and compensation policies that are more equitable and effective educational leadership practices to improve teaching performances, which will in turn favorably impact the quality of education generally.
... 11 Moreover, health-related self-efficacy-one's confidence in successfully executing health behaviors-shapes various actionrelated psychological phenomena such as the determination to achieve goals, the intent to sidestep hazardous behaviors, and the engagement in tactics to surmount challenges. 12 In summary, health beliefs and self-efficacy are critical determinants of engagement in health-promoting behaviors. ...
Objective
This study implemented a 12-week walking program using the mobile app WalkON among college students and evaluated its effects.
Methods
This study used a quasi-experimental, non-equivalent control group, pre/post design. The WalkON program was conducted from September to December 2022, involving 50 participants in the experimental group and 52 participants in the control group.
Results
Significant between-group differences were observed as follows. Sleep quality evaluation score (i.e. higher scores mean poorer sleep quality) decreased more significantly in the experimental group (vs. control group; 1.40 vs. 0.34 points, respectively; p = .027). Anxiety decreased more in the experimental group than in the control group (2.08 vs. 1.75 points, respectively; p = .020). Regarding the mean score of the “health responsibility” domain of health-promoting behaviors, the experimental group saw an increase of 0.25 points compared to 0.15 in the control group (p = .005). The self-efficacy level increased by an average of 0.34 points in the experimental group and 0.03 points in the control group (p = .046).
Conclusions
The WalkON program has the potential to positively influence physical activity engagement and health-promoting behaviors in college students. It could be an effective strategy for promoting the physical and mental health of college students lacking engagement in physical activity. This study is significant in that it provides evidence of a mobile app-based program potentially useful to encourage college students to increase their regular physical activity through walking exercises, something especially pertinent in the new norm of contactless environments post-COVID-19.
... Conversely, low self-efficacy is associated with a higher risk of experiencing anxiety, depression, and other mental health issues (Bandura, 1997;Schwarzer & Fuchs, 1995). Individuals with low selfefficacy may feel overwhelmed by challenges and are more likely to engage in avoidance behaviors and negative thinking patterns (Bandura, 1997). ...
The psychological well-being felt by teenagers makes teenagers have more positive emotions within themselves and can foster a sense of life satisfaction and happiness, thereby reducing negative behavior and reducing feelings of depression. This research aims to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and family social support on students' psychological well-being. This research is correlational research. The sample of this research consisted of 252 students. The research results show that self-efficacy and family social support simultaneously (together) have a significant relationship with students' psychological well-being. This finding was obtained based on a series of data analyzes that there is a strong relationship between self-efficacy and family social support on psychological well-being of 56.3%, then the variables of self-efficacy and family social support can explain students' psychological well-being of 31.7%.
... Perhaps owing to its roots within the service user movement (Roberts and Boardman, 2013), the absence of a predominant theory within the literature that provides unequivocal support for the recovery model adds ambiguity. Substantively, recovery-oriented approaches are supported by the Health Belief Model (HBM) (Rosenstock et al., 1988) in that patients as decision-makers have the capacity to assess whether the benefits of a behavior change, either being considered by oneself or as an external request, outweigh the practical, psychological, or emotional costs or obstacles associated with making the change (Green & Murphy, 2014;Schwarzer & Fuchs, 1995). The model also states that, in order for patients to exercise decisionmaking power, they must possess both self-efficacy and self-confidence (Bandura, 1997). ...
Patient care grounded in the principles of recovery is increasingly relevant in treating persons with mental illness. Although institutions embrace the concept, conveying recovery as an idea and its inherent principles into practice remains challenging in inpatient psychiatry. Through a pre and post-test, mixed methods design, this study explored staff understanding, perspectives, and attitudes toward recovery-oriented approaches before and after the implementation of a novel recovery program. Forty staff members from a tertiary-level psychiatric facility participated in the study over an eight- month intervention period. Relational security was used as an empirical proxy measure of therapeutic maturity indicative of recovery-oriented readiness. Self-report survey results indicated strong relational security practices in place prior to the intervention test phase, with reported improvements post-test. The qualitative assessment of staff understanding and attitudes toward strength-based care and positive risk-taking, two essential competencies of the recovery model, contradicted the survey findings, revealing a treatment model rooted in paternalism, risk-aversion, and deficit-driven care. The study highlights the entrenchment of the illness-based approach in institutional mental health care despite receptivity to recovery ideals. It also suggests that ordinal data from staff surveys, although informative, must be interpreted with caution. Institutions might benefit from a more fulsome qualitative exploration of culture, policy, and praxes when adopting recovery-oriented approaches into traditionally biomedical-driven care settings.
... In addition, responses to the self-efficacy question may be influenced by recall and social desirability bias. However, other studies have used this measure of self-efficacy and found good correlation with positive health behaviors [31][32][33]. The cross-sectional design of this study also limits the ability to define the temporal sequence of these associations, particularly how the interplay of BMI status, cancer risk perceptions, and health-related self-efficacy influence health behaviors that impact cancer risk. ...
Background
Cancer risk perceptions and high health-related self-efficacy may impact health behaviors and reduce risk of developing obesity-related cancers. The purpose of this study was to examine whether there are differences in associations among cancer risk perceptions, health-related self-efficacy, and health behaviors between people with healthy weight (PwHW) and people with overweight or obesity (PwO/O), and whether these associations vary by race and ethnicity.
Method
Data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 5 Cycles 2 and 3 were used. Data from 6944 adults were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression to assess associations among study variables.
Results
PwO/O who believed there are too many cancer prevention recommendations had lower log odds of meeting guidelines for strength training ( β − 0.28; CI − 0.53 to − 0.04; p < 0.05) compared to PwHW. PwO/O who believed that obesity influences cancer risk were associated with low sedentary behavior ( β 0.29; CI 0.05–0.54; p < 0.05) compared to PwHW. NHB PwO/O who held fatalistic beliefs and reported high self-efficacy ordered less food (e.g., fewer food items, foods with less calories, or smaller food sizes) compared to NHB Pw/HW ( p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Health behavior differences in PwHW and PwO/O may be associated with differences in cancer risk beliefs and health-related self-efficacy. Findings support the need for further research considering BMI and race and ethnicity in obesity-related cancer prevention and control.
... The term Self-Efficacy-Competence was first used by famous psychologist Albert Bandura in 1977, within the context of 'Cognitive Behavior Change'. This term is used in various fields like, school achievement, affective disorders, mental and physical health, career choice and socio-political change (Schwarzer and Fuchs, 1995). Self-Efficacy is one of the main variables in Social-Cognitive Theory (Aşkar and Umay, 2001:1). ...
ÇALIŞMANIN SORUNU: Sağlık hizmetlerinde kullanılan ödeme sistemlerinin hepsinin avantajlı ve dezavantajlı yanları vardır. Etkili, verimli bir finansman için dezavatajı en az olan ödeme sistemi kullanılmalıdır.Bu bakımdan bakıldığında dünyanın birçok ülkesinde kullanılan DRG sistemi diğer ödeme sistemlerine göre daha az dezantajlı olup daha fazla kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye’de de DRG sistemine geçiş çalışmaları devam etmektedir.
ÇALIŞMANIN AMACI: Sağlık alanında geri ödeme yöntemleri ve Teşhis İlişkili Grupları(DRG) detaylandırarak anlattığımız bu çalışmada sağlık kurumlarında daha etkili olan geri ödeme yöntemlerin ve en son hangi geri ödeme yöntemi üzerinde çalışmaların sürdürüldüğünü araştırıldı. Ayrıca sağlık kurumlarında finansman ve sağlık kurumlarında maliyetlendirmenin önemine vurgu yapılmıştır.
METOT: Araştırmada sistematik analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma için gerekli bilgiler toplanmıştır. Daha sonra konu başlıkları belirlenip çalışılmaya başlanmıştır. Çalışma devam ederken Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu ve Teşhis İlişkili Gruplar Daire Başkanlığı’na konu hakkında bilgi almak, maliyetlendirmenin nasıl yapıldığını kavramak amacıyla birkaç kez ziyaret gerçekleştirilmiştir. En son parçalar bütünleştirilmesi sağlanmış ve editörlüğünün de yapılmasıyla birlikte çalışma tamamlanmıştır.
BulGulAR vE SONuÇlAR:Finansman ve geri ödeme sistemi ne kadar etkili bir sistem olsa da bütün sistemlerin avantajlı ve dezavantajlı kısmı vardır. Ayrıca bir sistem ne kadar mükemmel olsa da eksik bir yanı zamanla çıkmaktadır ve bu yön onu ya revize ettirmek ya da değiştirmek zorunda bırakır.Sağlık kurumları ise eldeki kıt kaynaklarla kurumu finanse edip devamlılığını sağlamak zorundadır. Bu nedenle sağlık kurumlarında finansmanın etkili kullanabilmesi için etkili bir maliyet analizi yapılması gerekir ve yapılan bu analiz sonucunda kaynakların etkili ve verimli şekilde kullanılması sağlanabilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Finasman, maliyetlendirme, geri ödeme yöntemleri
... [9] Self-efficacy represents the confidence of successfully practicing healthy behaviors, which can influence health-related behaviors. [10] This study aimed to implement a primary care physician (PCP) counseling program for the youth population with healthcare needs and identify the impact of such a program. ...
This study aimed to investigate the impact of implementing a primary care physician (PCP) counseling program for the youth population with healthcare needs. This quasi-experimental study used a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design, and was conducted at Salim Health Innovation Clinic in Seoul between February and October 2019 comprising 46 participating youths (intervention group) and 48 nonparticipating youths (control group). After 6 months of implementation, drinking (alcohol use control) decreased significantly in the intervention group (0.84 points). There was a significant difference in the anxiety level with a decrease of 2.86 and 0.65 points in the intervention and control groups (P = .011) respectively. There was also a significant difference in the health responsibility domain (P = .04). Moreover, a significant difference in self-efficacy level was found with a mean increase of 0.18 and 0.16 points in the intervention and control groups (P = .001), respectively. The youth population is more prone to neglect self-care due to poor physical and mental health status and no hope for the future because of a lack of jobs and rising housing prices. The program reinforces health-promoting behavior for managing stress and practicing eating high-quality meals, regular exercise, and regular health screening, which can help implement continuous and effective healthcare.
... Previous research also demonstrated that perceptions of threat are prone to influence protection motivation if an individual perceives that he/she can cope with the threat (e.g. Schwarzer & Fuchs, 1995). While studying the utility of restaurant health inspections, Choi et al. (2019) determined that response-efficacy and self-efficacy both positively influence protection motivation. ...
The behavioural intentions of individuals visiting travel bubble destinations are examined, integrating the protection motivation theory (PMT) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). A sample of 323 was used to test the relationships among PMT and TPB. Results show that coping appraisal, as determined by response efficacy, self-efficacy, and quarantine measures, positively influenced protection motivation. Threat appraisal-including the severity of and vulnerability to COVID-19-did not influence protection motivation. Further, the results reveal that protection motivation negatively influences both attitude and behavioural intentions. Attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control positively influence behavioural intentions. The relationship between subjective norms and attitude was also found to be positive and significant. Findings specifically reveal that severity and vulnerability, the threat appraisal factors of protection motivation also play a crucial role in the decision-making process of the tourists during the pandemic. ARTICLE HISTORY
... Self-efficacy refers to the amount of confidence on whether they have sufficient ability to accomplish their target behavior [23]. As the executing agent of behavior, the successful execution of behavior depends to some extent on people's belief that they can achieve the goal [24]. e higher the self-efficacy of the individual, the higher the self-confidence of the individual in behavior change, the more the confidence in overcoming difficulties to complete the behavior change, the greater the possibility of changing behavior [21]. ...
Promoting green consumption is key in meeting ambitious sustainable fashion targets being set around the world. This research examined how framing of green message as positive or negative (i.e., benefit framing) influenced formation of sustainable consumption behaviors of fashion (SCBF) based on the cross-theoretical model and, especially, how self-efficacy, decision balancing, and perceiving threats-mediated green message framing effects. Data were collected from 217 Chinese residents in an online experiment. Our findings show that green message framing has different effects on individuals in different change stages of SCBF and loss framing-based green messages induce more positive responses toward SCBF with greater perceived threats in the pre-intention and intention stages, while gain framing-based green messages might stimulate positive behaviors toward SCBF with greater perceived benefits in the preparation and action and maintenance stages. Results suggest that highlighting green message expression in relating to SCBF may be useful for promoting broader sustainable behaviors. Therefore, this article significantly fills the gaps between green message framing and SCBF. The findings of this article have significant implications for fashion companies who wish to explore the fashion green market potential.
... The concept of self-efficacy has been associated with a psychological interpretation of capabilities and an indicator of individual agency, which is an important aspect of capabilities (Alkire, 2005;Ruger, 2010;Schwarzer and Fuchs, 1995;Tapager et al., 2022a). It has been conceptualised elsewhere as a non-cognitive skill and shown to be a determinant of resilience during COVID-19 (Johnston et al., 2021). ...
This study aimed to investigate the potential protective role of baseline resources and capabilities for experiencing challenges to emotional well-being and perceived access to and quality of diabetes care during the COVID-19 pandemic in a Danish type 2 diabetes population (N = 1608). We investigated how differences in self-efficacy, well-being capability, socioeconomic status, health status, and perceptions of diabetes care measured before the COVID-19 pandemic were related to experiences of well-being and diabetes management challenges during the pandemic. The study is based on a survey conducted shortly before the pandemic (autumn 2019) and a follow-up survey during the pandemic (autumn 2020), which included questions about impacts of the pandemic. We used this longitudinal data to quantitatively investigate in regression analyses how self-reported baseline indicators of chronic care access and quality (PACIC), self-efficacy (GSE), health (EQ VAS), and well-being capability (ICECAP-A), and registry-based socioeconomic indicators were associated with the probability of reporting negative impacts on emotional wellbeing and diabetes management. Results showed that respondents with higher baseline general self-efficacy and higher well-being capability scores, who more often considered care well-organised and were in better health before the pandemic, were less likely to report pandemic-related negative impacts on emotional well-being. Considering diabetes care well organised before the pandemic was associated with a lower probability of adverse impacts on diabetes care. The results thus broadly confirmed that several indicators of higher levels of baseline resources and capabilities were associated with a lower probability of reporting negative impacts of the pandemic. However, some variation in predictors was observed for general well-being outcomes, compared to diabetes-care specific challenges, and findings on socioeconomic status as indicated by education were mixed.
... In developing MK&M, we were able to draw upon multiple theories that consider the complexity of behavior change, which are commonly used in the development of health behavior change interventions and have been extensively used in chronic disease self-management interventions [59], including those designed to improve self-management behaviors, and thus provide an effective framework for self-management support in people with CKD [60]. The theories and frameworks selected (self-management framework; Capability, Opportunity, Motivation Behavior model components of Behaviour Change Wheel and taxonomy of behavior change techniques; health action process approach model; common sense model; and social cognitive theory) are described in detail, including the justification for inclusion, in Multimedia Appendix 1 [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80]. ...
Background:
Health care self-management is important for people living with nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the few available resources are of variable quality.
Objective:
This work describes the systematic codevelopment of "My Kidneys & Me" (MK&M), a theory-driven and evidence-based digital self-management resource for people with nondialysis CKD, guided by an established process used for the successful development of the diabetes education program MyDESMOND (Diabetes Education and Self-Management for Ongoing and Newly Diagnosed, DESMOND).
Methods:
A multidisciplinary steering group comprising kidney health care professionals and researchers and specialists in the development of complex interventions and digital health provided expertise in the clinical and psychosocial aspects of CKD, self-management, digital health, and behavior change. A patient and public involvement group helped identify the needs and priorities of MK&M and co-design the resource. MK&M was developed in 2 sequential phases. Phase 1 involved the codevelopment process of the MK&M resource (content and materials), using Intervention Mapping (IM) as a framework. The first 4 IM steps guided the development process: needs assessment was conducted to describe the context of the intervention; intervention outcomes, performance objectives, and behavioral determinants were identified; theory- and evidence-based change methods and practical strategies to deliver change methods were selected; and program components were developed and refined. Phase 2 involved the adoption and adaptation of the existing MyDESMOND digital platform to suit the MK&M resource.
Results:
The needs assessment identified that individuals with CKD have multiple differing needs and that delivering a self-management program digitally would enable accessible, tailored, and interactive information and support. The intended outcomes of MK&M were to improve and maintain effective self-management behaviors, including physical activity and lifestyle, improve knowledge, promote self-care skills, increase self-efficacy, and enhance well-being. This was achieved through the provision of content and materials designed to increase CKD knowledge and patient activation, reduce health risks, manage symptoms, and improve physical function. Theories and behavior change techniques selected include Self-Management Framework, Capability, Opportunity, Motivation Behavior model components of Behaviour Change Wheel and taxonomy of behavior change techniques, Health Action Process Approach Model, Common Sense Model, and Social Cognitive Theory. The program components developed comprised educational and behavior change sessions, health trackers (eg, monitoring blood pressure, symptoms, and exercise), goal-setting features, and forums for social support. The MyDESMOND digital platform represented an ideal existing platform to host MK&M; thus, the MyDESMOND interface and features were adopted and adapted for MK&M.
Conclusions:
Applying the IM framework enabled the systematic application of theory, empirical evidence, and practical perspectives in the codevelopment of MK&M content and materials. Adopting and adapting a preexisting platform provided a cost- and time-efficient approach for developing our digital intervention. In the next stage of work, the efficacy of MK&M in increasing patient activation will be tested in a randomized controlled trial.
... SCT synthesizes concepts and processes from cognitive, behaviouristic, and emotional models of behaviour change, so it can be readily applied to interventions for disease prevention and management. One of the main constructs of the theory is self-efficacy, which is an important prerequisite for health-related behaviour change [78]; it is considered the most important variable for the prediction of self-care behaviours in people with chronic diseases [79]. The SCT aims to promote self-management behaviours, including adoption of healthy lifestyle, through self-regulating cognitive processes by improving knowledge, self-efficacy, and problem-solving skills [80]. ...
BACKGROUND
Healthcare self-management is important for people living with non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the few available resources are of variable quality.
OBJECTIVE
This work describes the systematic co-development of ‘My Kidneys & Me’ (MK&M), a theory-driven and evidenced-based digital self-management resource for people with non-dialysis CKD, guided by an established process used for the successful development of the diabetes education programme MyDESMOND.
METHODS
A multidisciplinary steering group comprising kidney healthcare professionals and researchers, and specialists in the development of complex interventions and digital health provided expertise in the clinical and psychosocial aspects of CKD, self-management, digital health, and behaviour change. A Patient and Public Involvement group helped identify the needs and priorities of MK&M, and co-design the resource. The development of MK&M was conducted in two sequential phases. Phase 1 involved the co-development process of the MK&M resource (content and materials), using Intervention Mapping (IM) as a framework. The first four IM steps guided the development process: (1) needs assessment to describe the context of the intervention was conducted; (2) intervention outcomes, performance objectives, and behavioural determinants were identified; (3) theory- and evidenced-based change methods and practical strategies to deliver change methods were selected; and (4) programme components were developed and refined. Phase 2 involved the adoption and adaptation of the existing MyDESMOND digital platform to suit the MK&M resource.
RESULTS
The needs assessment identified that individuals with CKD have multiple differing needs, and that delivering a self-management programme digitally would enable accessible, tailored, and interactive information and support. The intended outcomes of the MK&M programme were to improve and maintain effective self-management behaviours, including physical activity and lifestyle, improve knowledge, promote self-care skills, increase self-efficacy, and enhance well-being. This was achieved through provision of content and materials designed to increase CKD knowledge, patient activation, reduce health risks, managing symptoms, and improve physical function. Theories and behaviour change techniques selected include Self-Management Framework, COM-B components of Behaviour Change Wheel and Taxonomy of Behaviour Change Techniques, Health Action Process Approach Model, Common Sense Model, Social Cognitive Theory. The programme components developed comprised educational and behaviour change sessions, health trackers (e.g., monitoring blood pressure, symptoms, exercise), goal setting features, and forums for social support. The MyDESMOND digital platform represented an ideal existing platform to host MK&M, thus the MyDESMOND interface and features were adopted and adapted for MK&M.
CONCLUSIONS
Applying the IM framework enabled the systematic application of theory, empirical evidence, and practical perspectives in the co-development of MK&M content and materials. Adopting and adapting a pre-existing platform provided a cost- and time-efficient approach to developing our digital intervention. In the next stage of work, the efficacy of MK&M in increasing patient activation will be tested in a randomised controlled trial.
... The role of information provision in the management of chronic disease such as OED Living with a chronic and potentially malignant disease such as OED often requires effective health behaviour changes, which necessitate that an individual has an awareness of their disease and is provided with the information and skills necessary to initiate and maintain these behaviour changes (Schwarzer et al., 1995). The most important modifiable risk factors for oral cancer are tobacco, excessive alcohol consumption and the use of betel quid (Warnakulasuriya, 2010). ...
Patient education through clinician-patient health information exchange is essential in the clinical care of people with chronic and pre-malignant diseases such as, perhaps, the oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). The literature review found a knowledge gap on what information an individual with OED may want or considered important, a lack of specific instrument that can be used to assess the patient’s information needs (IN) and a shortage of studies available on whether individuals with OED would exhibit higher prevalence of symptoms, that can be experienced with cancer-linked conditions, including the anxiety and depression, dental anxiety and poorer oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) compared to the general population or those with other chronic diseases. Thus, the study aimed to (1) assess what information patients would find when they search the Internet, (2) identify instruments that can be helpful to develop an IN instrument, (3) develop and determine the psychometric properties of the new IN instrument for OED (ODIN-Q), (4) assess the IN about OED using ODIN-Q, (5) determine the patient-clinician concordance on this information, (6) assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression, dental anxiety and OED impact on OHQoL and (7) develop and assess a patient information leaflet on OED. The analyses of the web indicated a shortage of content with the presented content being of low quality, poor understandability and actionability and challenging to read. The newly developed IN instrument (ODIN-Q) showed adequate psychometric properties and indicated that 52% of patients had unmet IN. Clinicians predicted the highest important information to patients. However, they exhibited poor prediction on its importance. The prevalence rates for symptoms of anxiety, depression and emotional distress at 30%, 16% and 26%, respectively. While dental anxiety levels were like those in a general population, OHQoL scores were notably higher. The newly developed leaflet was found to be acceptable and readable by most of the respondents.
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10108094/8/Alsoghier_10108094_Thesis_sigs_removed.pdf
... Adherence, however, relies on individual behavioural choices and so can be complicated to understand and predict [3,7]. Well-established theory from psychology acknowledges that the factors influencing whether or not people take action are complicated [8,9]. Many theories of behaviour and behaviour change have been applied to understanding health behaviour [10]. ...
Background
Individual behavioural decisions are responses to a person’s perceived social norms that could be shaped by both their physical and social environment. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, these environments correspond to epidemiological risk from contacts and the social construction of risk by communication within networks of friends. Understanding the circumstances under which the influence of these different social networks can promote the acceptance of non-pharmaceutical interventions and consequently the adoption of protective behaviours is critical for guiding useful, practical public health messaging.
Methods
We explore how information from both physical contact and social communication layers of a multiplex network can contribute to flattening the epidemic curve in a community. Connections in the physical contact layer represent opportunities for transmission, while connections in the communication layer represent social interactions through which individuals may gain information, e.g. messaging friends.
Results
We show that maintaining focus on awareness of risk among each individual’s physical contacts promotes the greatest reduction in disease spread, but only when an individual is aware of the symptoms of a non-trivial proportion of their physical contacts (~ ≥ 20%). Information from the social communication layer without was less useful when these connections matched less well with physical contacts and contributed little in combination with accurate information from physical contacts.
Conclusions
We conclude that maintaining social focus on local outbreak status will allow individuals to structure their perceived social norms appropriately and respond more rapidly when risk increases. Finding ways to relay accurate local information from trusted community leaders could improve mitigation even where more intrusive/costly strategies, such as contact-tracing, are not possible.
... This result was also expressed when comparing between 2 interviewers. When comparing the characteristics and the knowledge among all participants who lived near 7 temples, it can be found that they were low heterogeneity owing to they had little difference in age, [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] lifestyle (66% desired to consume unhealthy foods and irregularly took exercise before attending program), occupation (31% worked as a farmer/agriculturist/ gardener), educational level (87% completed primary school) and the knowledge of diabetes mellitus and hypertension prior to program attendance (70% had little knowledge). ...
This study aimed to investigate the view of prediabetes and prehypertension elderly patients living around temple on long-term self-management in proficient way underneath the lifestyle intervention program based on both focus-group discussion and In-depth interview methods to fill the gap in partially successful intervention. 62 participants were selected from 220 participants of the quantitative published study by 2 researchers. The triangulation method was used to put great emphasis on the consistency and the credibility of the results. Almost all of the participants had benefited from the program regarding proper foods, suitable exercise and an inspiration of lifestyle modification. They made changes of eating behavior and exercise behavior during program attendance, however, after the program had finished, they had minimal concern to take care of themselves. Nonetheless, more than half of them demonstrated some health-related behaviors changes due to they gave the value of the suggestion in different aspects. Moreover, high-frequency program attendance was not related to blood results improvement. The knowledge obtained from program intervention together with adequate contact between the patient and the program staff, personal problems solving, personal attitude, practice and acceptable played a key role for long-term lifestyle modification and completely successful intervention.
... 18,19 It has a direct effect on health-related behaviour, is the strongest predictor of health-related behaviour change 20 and an important precondition for successful self-management. 21 Hence increasing self-efficacy could be a way to support health-related behaviour change in patients with TIA or ischaemic stroke. ...
Aims
Modification of health behaviour is an important part of stroke risk management. However, the majority of people with cardiovascular disease fail to sustain lifestyle modification in the long term. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing to encourage lifestyle behaviour changes after transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor ischaemic stroke.
Methods and results
We performed a randomized controlled open-label phase II trial with blinded endpoint assessment. The intervention consisted of three 15-minute visits in 3 months by a motivational interviewing trained nurse practitioner. Patients in the control group received standard consultation after 1 and 3 months by a nurse practitioner. Primary outcome was lifestyle behaviour change, defined as smoking cessation and/or increased physical activity (30 min/day) and/or healthy diet improvement (5 points at the Food Frequency Questionnaire) at 6 months. We adjusted for age and sex with multivariable logistic regression. Between January 2014 and February 2016, we included 136 patients (of whom 68 were assigned to the intervention group). Twenty-five of 55 patients in the intervention group (45%) and 27 of 61 patients in the control group (44%) had changed their lifestyle at 6 months. We found no effect of motivational interviewing on lifestyle behaviour change after 6 months (aOR 0.99; 95% confidence interval: 0.44–2.26).
Conclusion
Our results do not support the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in supporting lifestyle behaviour change after TIA or ischaemic stroke. However, the overall lifestyle behaviour change was high and might be explained by the role of specialized nurses in both groups.
... Low selfefficacy appeared to be the strongest barrier for behavior change after TIA or ischemic stroke. Self-efficacy has been found to have a direct effect on health-related behavior and is the strongest predictor of health-related behavior change (Schwarzer, 1995). Social support has no direct role in the protection motivation theory; however, self-efficacy is influenced by social persuasion (Bandura, 1998;Marks et al., 2005). ...
Objective
Unhealthy lifestyle is common among patients with ischemic stroke or TIA. Hence, health‐related behavior change may be an effective way to reduce stroke recurrence. However, this is often difficult to carry out successfully. We aimed to explore patients' perspectives on health‐related behavior change, support in this change, and sustain healthy behavior.
Methods
We conducted a descriptive qualitative study with in‐depth, semistructured interviews in eighteen patients with recent TIA or ischemic stroke. Interviews addressed barriers, facilitators, knowledge, and support of health‐related behavior change framed by the protection motivation theory. All interviews were transcribed and thematically analyzed.
Results
Patients seem unable to adequately appraise their own health‐related behavior. More than half of the patients were satisfied with their lifestyle and felt no urgency to change. Self‐efficacy as coping factor was the most important determinant (both barrier and facilitator). Fear as threat factor was named as facilitator for health‐related behavior change by half of the patients. Most of the patients did not need support or already received support in changing health behavior. Patients indicated knowledge, guidelines, and social support as most needed to support and preserve a healthy lifestyle.
Conclusion
This study suggests that patients with recent TIA or ischemic stroke often do not have a high intention to change health‐related behavior. The results fit well within the framework of the protection motivation theory. As many patients seem unable to adequately appraise their health behaviors, interventions should focus on increasing knowledge of healthy behavior and improving self‐efficacy and social support.
... Modification indices suggested adding two paths, one from normative beliefs to smoking attitude and the other from negative consequence beliefs to perceived behavioral control. Given the established correlations between normative beliefs and attitude [41] and between consequence beliefs and perceived behavioral control [42], these two paths were judged to be plausible and thus were added. According to Yu [43], models with RMSEA smaller than 0.06, CFI larger than 0.95 and WRMR smaller than 1.00 have good fit. ...
Despite well-established research on the applications of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in the American culture, TPB has not been fully tested in the Kenyan culture. This study compared the applications of TPB in predicting smoking intentions (i.e., future and weekend smoking intentions) of Kenyan and American young adults. Data were collected from 252 Kenyans and 227 Americans. The Kenyan participants consisted of 41.7% females with a mean age of 25 years (SD = 4.81). The American participants (49.3% females) had an average age of 19 years (SD = 1.30). Multi-group path analysis was performed to test the equivalence of a TPB-based mediation model in Kenyans and Americans. Significant differences of TPB application were detected. In the American model, smoking consequence beliefs were indirectly associated with smoking intentions through attitudes whereas neither direct nor indirect effects of smoking consequence beliefs were detected in the Kenyan model. Instead, normative beliefs indirectly associated with future and weekend smoking intentions through attitudes and subjective norms in the Kenyan model. Despite some overlapping paths, there were cultural variations on specific associations among TPB constructs between Kenyans and Americans. Cultural adaptations may be needed when applying TPB in the Kenyan cultural context.
... Because this study relates to the effects of parental self-efficacy on children's nutrition behavior, it may be that outcome expectancies have no direct impact on children's behavior but do influence parents' own behaviors. This can be explained with the theoretical consideration that outcome expectancies are a preliminary stage of self-efficacy and therefore play a role in the intention formation for one's own behavior change [68]. This is evidenced by the significant influence of parental outcome expectancies of children's fruit and vegetable intake on the effects of parental self-efficacy on children's fruit and vegetable intake in the mediation analyses. ...
Overweight and obesity, as well as their associated risk factors for diseases, are already prevalent in childhood and, therefore, promoting healthy eating is important. Parental self-efficacy (PSE) and early health-promotion can be helpful in promoting healthy eating. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of PSE on children’s nutrition behavior and identify PSE as a mediator between an intervention and children’s nutrition. The kindergarten-based health-promotion program “Join the Healthy Boat” was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial with 558 children (4.7 ± 0.6 years; 52.3% male) participating at both times. Linear and logistic regressions as well as mediation analyses with potential covariates such as parental outcome expectancies or parental nutrition were carried out using questionnaire data. In children, PSE was positively associated with fruit and vegetable intake (β = 0.237; p < 0.001) and showed a protective effect on soft drink consumption (OR 0.728; p = 0.002). Parental nutrition was a stronger predictor of children’s intake of fruit, vegetables (β = 0.451; p < 0.001), and soft drinks (OR 7.188; p < 0.001). There was no mediator effect of PSE. However, outcome expectancies were associated with PSE (β = 0.169; p = 0.032). In conclusion, interventions should promote self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, and healthy nutrition for parents as well in order to strengthen the healthy eating habits of children.
... Self-efficacy is the belief that one has the skills and can successfully complete the behavior of interest despite barriers to doing so (Rosenstock et al., 1988;Farooq et al., 2019). Assessment of self-efficacy are critical for compliance with avoidant behaviors in a pandemic (Schwarzer and Fuchs, 1995). ...
The current worldwide COVID19 pandemic has required the rapid and drastic adoption of social distancing and protective measures as the leading method for reducing the spread of the disease and death. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors associated with the adoption of such measures in a large sample of the Brazilian population. We relied on recreancy theory, which argues that confidence in the ability of social institutions and perceived vulnerability to the disease are central factors predicting the adoption of these behaviors. Our results, drawn from 7554 respondents, indicate that self-confidence in the ability to carry out these behaviors, confidence in the ability of social institutions such as the government, hospitals, health workers and the media to cope with the pandemic crisis, and risk perceptions are associated with the adoption of preventive behaviors. Our results expand the recreancy theory and show that beyond the main effects, the effect of perceived vulnerability depends on the values of self-confidence and confidence in social institutions. The theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.
... Sometimes the goal of moving toward a new positive behavior seems so elusive that young people don't consider trying. 88 Th ey feel frightened and frustrated by their powerlessness, but convince themselves they have no choice. Th ey believe they're controlled by outside forces that determine their destiny-they have an external locus of control. ...
This article invites readers to consider how strength-based approaches may benefit their interactions with adolescents in office settings.
... Including aspects derived from the Health Action Process Approach by Schwarzer and Fuchs will increase the understanding of the behaviour change process. 30 In addition to the primary measurement, BMI z score will also be evaluated monthly to support understanding of behaviour change. Monthly anthropometric changes in the body shape index (ABSI, waist circumference normalized to height and weight) will also be verified. ...
This paper aims to better understand how information strategies matter for the management of extreme weather events in public transit agencies. It examines how past extreme weather events
and the availability of information on extreme weather impacts influence risk-related cognitions,which influence planning for future extreme events and eventually lead to investment in Information Technology (IT) systems as a protective measure. The theoretical framework integrates prior work on perceived risk, protection motivation theory (PMT), and theory of planned
behavior (TPB) to develop hypotheses, which are tested using structural equation modeling with data from national surveys of transit agencies conducted at two points in time, 2019 and 2023,
merged with other institutional data. The paper demonstrates how access to critical information about the impacts of past extreme weather events influences threat and coping appraisal, planning, and future investment in information technology systems. Findings show support that organization experience with extreme weather, risk perception and capacity are associated with more extensive planning for extreme weather in 2019, and that greater emphasis on planning leads to more investment in IT systems in 2023. The paper contributes to the broader discourse on the role of information and planning in strengthening organizational preparedness and adaptive capacity in the face of increasing climate challenges.
Bu çalışma, yöneticilerin rasyonel ve sezgisel kararlarının öz güven ve öz yeterlilik öncülleri ile ilişkilerini incelemeyi, sosyo-demografik özelliklerin karar verme stillerine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını, öz güven ve öz yeterlilik düzeylerinin karar verme stilleri üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymayı, son olarak karar verme stillerinin rol belirsizliği ve rol çatışması düzeyine ilişkin sonuçlarını belirlemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu kapsamda Türkiye’de faaliyette bulunan Ankara Üniversitesi Gölbaşı Teknokent’te yer alan girişimci firmalardaki 239 yöneticiden oluşan veriler ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Hazırlanan anket formu aracılığıyla yöneticiler ile yüz yüze görüşülerek veriler toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson Korelasyon ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizleri kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, yöneticilerin rasyonel ve sezgisel kararlarının öz güven ve öz yeterlilik öncülleri ile rol belirsizliği ve rol çatışmasına ilişkin sonuçları girişimci firmalarda bir uygulama şeklinde değerlendirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma Teknokentte faaliyet gösteren girişimci firmalardaki karar verme yetkisine sahip olan yöneticilerde araştırılan özel çalışmalardan birisi olma niteliğindedir.
Background
Skills training is believed to be essential in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and is also offered as a standalone intervention. There is a need to better understand each skills module’s separate contribution to treatment outcomes. Several assessment instruments are available, but none of them provides specific information about patients’ perceived ability to use skills promoting distress tolerance. The aim of the present study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a Swedish adaptation of the General Self-Efficacy scale (GSE) for skills use in distress tolerance – the Self-Efficacy in Distress Tolerance scale (SE-DT).
Methods
Cross-sectional and longitudinal data were gathered in a non-clinical (NC) community sample (n = 407) and a clinical psychiatric (CP) sample (n = 46). Participants in the NC sample were asked to complete a set of 19 self-report instruments, including the SE-DT, and 45 participants repeated the assessment after 2 weeks. The patients in the CP sample filled out a subset of eight instruments; twenty patients repeated the assessment after completing a treatment intervention including mindfulness skills and distress tolerance skills or emotion regulation skills.
Results
The analyses showed that the SE-DT is unidimensional with high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .92) and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation = .74). The SE-DT also showed good convergent and divergent validity, demonstrating positive correlations with general self-efficacy and self-compassion, and negative correlations with difficulties in emotion regulation, psychiatric symptoms, and borderline symptoms. The SE-DT showed sensitivity to change, when pre- and post-treatment assessments were compared (Cohen’s d = 0.82).
Discussion
This is preliminary evidence that the SE-DT has adequate to good psychometric properties, supporting the use of a total sum score. The results indicate that the SE-DT can adequately measure the construct of self-efficacy with regard to dealing with distress and emotional crises. The instrument enables continued investigation of standalone skills training and the specific contribution of distress tolerance skills to treatment outcomes in DBT. Further studies are needed to investigate whether these results are valid in other populations. In addition, the field would benefit from a common definition of distress tolerance.
La importancia del compromiso con la comunidad radica en una necesidad de retribución y conciencia del bienestar común. Es decir, que las organizaciones reconozcan que son responsables con el entorno donde se desarrollan (Reyna, 2021). Esta investigación busca conocer si el compromiso con la comunidad influye en la autoeficacia de trabajadores municipales. Se aplicó una encuesta de compromiso con la comunidad y autoeficacia donde se obtuvo una muestra de 164 empleados. Para el análisis de los datos se realizó: estudio descriptivo, análisis multivariado, consistencia interna, análisis factorial confirmatorio y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos se concluye que ante un mayor compromiso con la comunidad se puede obtener una mayor autoeficacia. Los trabajadores tienen percepciones positivas de cómo la empresa se vincula con las distintas instancias de apoyo a la comunidad y a quienes la integran, además de que el nivel de autoeficacia laboral percibida es alto en todos los conjuntos de trabajadores.
This study seeks to broaden the understanding of socioeconomic health disparities among Korean adolescents. Specifically, we examine the pathways from objective SES and subjective SES to physical health through a psychosocial perspective. To this end, stress and self‐efficacy, which have been identified as critical psychosocial factors associated with SES, and physical activity, one of the most representative health behaviors during this period, are included as mediating variables in the research model. We utilize data from the 3rd year survey of the Seoul Education and Health Welfare Panel (2016), which consists of responses from 680 adolescents and parents. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze the responses. The results show that sSES is directly associated with the physical health of adolescents. Meanwhile, oSES is indirectly associated with physical health and has two distinct psychosocial pathways to physical health according to whether or not the effect is mediated by sSES. Finally, we discuss the implications of the study findings.
Unintentional injury remains a leading health problem in developed nations, making injury prevention imperative. Practitioners are primary stakeholders in the injury prevention process but rarely can devote significant time to complicated prevention efforts. Furthermore, theory-based approaches to support injury prevention are less common than atheoretical approaches. We propose a simple method for injury prevention grounded in concepts found in antecedent models. Barriers, attitudes, social context, and environmental factors (or BASE) are suggested as a simple injury prevention model practitioners can follow when working with patients. We present each component of BASE and offer examples of how the approach can be applied to risk factors associated with several types of injury risk behavior.
Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate sex differences in dietary habits and the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the adoption of a healthy diet.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Setting:
The healthy population of Tehran, Iran.
Participants:
A total of 262 participants from the general population with normal health status.
Main outcome measure:
The adoption of a healthy diet was based on the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) scores and the moderating effect of self-efficacy on eating behaviors.
Analysis:
Logistic regression analysis and multiple linear regression (moderation) analysis were conducted using PROCESS macro (version 3.5).
Results:
The sex-based analysis revealed that females were more likely to adopt a healthy diet vs males (adjusted odds ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-3.35). The moderation analysis showed that eating behavior self-efficacy significantly moderated the relationship between sex differences and HEI-2015 scores (ΔR2 = 0.01; P = 0.033). Males with low self-efficacy scores had the highest difference in HEI-2015 with females with low self-efficacy scores, whereas the difference in HEI-2015 was very small in males and females with high self-efficacy scores.
Conclusions and implications:
Eating behavior self-efficacy had a significantly decreasing moderating effect on sex differences in the adoption of a healthy diet. Future research needs to clarify the impact of eating`` behavior self-efficacy in the adoption of a healthy diet, particularly in males, and to confirm the study's findings.
2020 yılı Mart ayında pandemi sebebi ile uygulanmaya başlanan uzaktan eğitim süreci Türkiye’de İlköğretim, lise kademesi ile beraber bütün yüksek öğretim kurumlarında uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Eğitim öğretim faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesinde bu ani ve zorunlu değişiklikten sistemin içerisindeki bütün paydaşlar (idareciler, akademisyenler ve öğrenciler) etkilenmiştir. Mesleki sanat eğitimi veren yüksek öğretim kurumları da bu uygulamaya geçmiş ve kendine has öğretim sistemleri ile uzun yıllara dayanan sanat eğitimi süreçlerini uzaktan eğitim yöntemiyle yürütmek durumunda kalmışlardır. Bu araştırmada sanat eğitimi veren yüksek öğretim kurumlarında görev yapan akademisyenlerin iki dönemi uygulanan ve halen devam eden uzaktan eğitim süreci ile ilgili öz yeterlik algılarını belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma tarama modeli ile yapılmıştır. Araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan, katılımcıların demografik durumlarını belirlemek için hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu ile sanat eğitimi kurumlarında görev yapan akademisyenlerin uzaktan eğitime ilişkin öz yeterlik algılarını belirlemek için Yıldız (2015) tarafından geliştirilen uzaktan eğitime Yönelik Öz Yeterlik Algısı ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Ölçekte öğrenme yönetimi, teknoloji yönetimi ve sanal sınıf yönetimi olarak üç altı boyut vardır.
Araştırmada veri toplamak için kullanılan demografik bilgi formu ve ölçekler Google Formlar üzerinden hazırlanıp Türkiye genelinde ve Kuzey Kıbrıs’ta 35 farklı şehirden üniversitelerin konservatuvar, güzel sanatlar fakültesi, sanat ve tasarım fakülteleri, eğitim fakülteleri güzel sanatlar eğitimi bölümleri ve müzik ve sahne sanatları fakültelerinde görev yapan akademisyenlere elektronik posta yoluyla ve etik kurul onay belgesi ile yollanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda sanat eğitimi veren kurumlarda görev yapan akademisyenlerin uzaktan eğitim ile ilgili öz yeterlik algılarının yüksek olduğu, cinsiyet, mesleki kıdem ve uzaktan eğitim verebilecek şartlara sahip olma durumuna göre istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı yönde farklılıklar bulunduğu ortaya konulmuştur.
Anahtar kelimeler: Sanat eğitimi, öz yeterlik, pandemi, uzaktan eğitim.
ABSTRACT
The distance education process, which started to be implemented in March 2020 due to the pandemic, started to be implemented in all higher education institutions along with the Primary Education and High School level in Turkey. The administrators, academicians and students working in the system were affected by this sudden and compulsory change in the execution of educational activities. Higher education institutions that provide vocational arts education have also started distance education practices. These institutions had to carry out their long-standing arts education processes with the distance education method. In this study, it was aimed to determine the self-efficacy perceptions of academicians working in higher education institutions that provide arts education about the distance education process, which was applied for two terms and still continues. The research is a quantitative study and has been conducted with a survey model. The personal information form was prepared to determine the demographic situations of the participants prepared by the researcher.In order to determine the self-efficacy perceptions of the academics of academicians, who work in the art education institutions, the self-efficacy perception scale is used for remote training developed by Star (2015). This scale consists of three different six dimensions as learning management, technology management and virtual classroom management.The demographic information form and scale used to collect data in the study are organized with Google Forms.The prepared data collection tool has been forwarded to academicians via electronic mail and with the Ethics Committee approval certificate.As a result of the research, it was revealed that academicians working in institutions providing art education have high self-efficacy perceptions about distance education, and there are statistically significant differences according to gender, professional seniority and having the conditions to provide distance education.
In this study, the self-efficacy of conservatory students was determined in piano lessons. The piano lesson self-efficacy scale developed by Kurtuldu (2017) was used. The scale was applied to 55 students studying at the Musicology and Music Theory departments at Trabzon University State Conservatory in the academic year of 2020-2021. The result of this research revealed that significant differences were found only at the grade level between the piano lesson self-efficacy of the conservatory students. There was no significant difference in variables such as gender, the program attended at the conservatory, the type of high school graduated, the status of receiving piano education before undergraduate education, and the presence of a piano at the students’ houses. As a result, several suggestions were put forward by evaluating the emerging differences in the context of computer literacy and distance education.
Unintentional injury is a significant worldwide health concern. Researchers have called on several occasions for conceptual frameworks to guide work on unintentional injury. Using conceptual approaches to organize our inquiry is one way to advance our knowledge of injury etiology. To this end, we suggest a risk appraisal framework for examining enactment or avoidance of injury risk behaviors. Our framework comprises broad antecedents, focusing on the evaluative stage preceding behaviors. Four categories influencing efficacy related to injury risk behavior are included: environmental context, experience, social context, and strategy. In this article, we explain the categories and concepts in our framework, discuss each in terms of etiology, briefly discuss interrelations between the categories, and suggest future paths using the framework.
Background: Individual behavioural decisions are responses to both a persons perceived social norms and could be driven by both their physical and social environment. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, these environments correspond to epidemiological risk from contacts and the social construction of risk by communication within networks of friends. Understanding when, and under which circumstances, each modality of influence can foster the widespread adoption of protective behaviours is critical for shaping useful, practical public health messaging that will best enhance the public response.
Methods: We use a multiplex network approach to explore how information from both physical contact and social communication networks is driving a mitigating behavioural response to disease risk.
Findings: We show that maintaining focus on awareness of risk in each individuals physical layer contacts promotes the greatest reduction in disease spread, but only when an individual is aware of the symptoms of a non-trivial proportion of their physical contacts (approximately 20% or more). Information from the communication layer was less useful when these connections matched less well with physical contacts and contributed little in combination with accurate information from the physical layer.
Interpretation: We conclude that maintaining social focus on local outbreak status will allow individuals to structure their perceived social norms appropriately and respond more rapidly when risk increases. Finding ways to relay accurate local information from trusted community leaders could improve mitigation even where more intrusive/costly strategies, such as contact-tracing, are not possible.
Overweight and obesity have become a prominent concern for policymakers, the Surgeon General, scholars, and for work organizations. The estimated annual cost of obesity in terms of lost productivity is in the tens of billions of dollars, and the estimated annual medical cost of obesity is in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Psychologists have become increasingly interested in issues related to body weight, such as ways to help people reduce body weight. The aims of our study are twofold. First, based on social cognitive theory, we offer the first study of the relationship between general self-efficacy (GSE) and body weight based on a large, representative sample. Second, we also offer an understanding of the role of race and gender as potential boundary conditions of this relationship. Findings indicate that race moderates the relationship between GSE and body weight (both BMI and perceived weight) such that this relationship is positive for Blacks but negative for Whites. Gender did not moderate the relationship between GSE and body weight. These results suggest that body weight is unrelated to general self-efficacy in the population writ large and that body weight is differentially related to self-efficacy based on race but not gender.
El estado del arte, el análisis de los modelos y de los instrumentos de cuantificación del
“Burnout” realizados en esta investigación, han permitido identificar la inexistencia de un
instrumento desarrollado exclusivamente para los policías de la Secretaría de
Seguridad Pública del Distrito Federal, y que permita obtener resultados confiables. Por
lo tanto el objetivo de la investigación es: “Proponer un instrumento ad hoc que permita
cuantificar el Burnout en base al modelo tridimensional de Maslach y Jackson y analizar
que tan consistentes y predictivas son esas dimensiones (Agotamiento Emocional,
Despersonalización e Ineficacia), para determinar el nivel de afectación en los policías
de la Secretaría de Seguridad Pública del Distrito Federal”.
The aim of the present study is to find out the level of self-efficacy among the
primary school teachers with the history of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The sample
consisted of 54 primary school teachers randomly drawn from the primary schools located in three educational districts of Tamil Nadu. The level of self-efficacy was assessed with the help of a standardized “Self-efficacy for Diabetes Scale”. The scores were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. The results of this study showed that the overall of self-efficacy among the selected primary school teachers was found to be moderate. It was also observed that men teachers had shown higher self-efficacy than women teachers. It was further found that graduate teachers had shown higher self-efficacy than post-graduate teachers. However, primary school teachers did not differ significantly with respect to self-efficacy based on their age and type of medication they use to manage their T2DM. The findings of the present study call for a holistic self-efficacy intervention for the patients with the history of T2DM to manage their disease as well as to sustain their health-related behaviours.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.