... Anti-viral: [411,423] Luteolin Anti-viral: COV2 by binding affinity to 3CL pro [421]; to 3pro and ACE2 [422] Cinnamon (Cinnamomum) Camphor: 60% in root bark [426] Anti-inflammation [278,296] Cinnamaldehyde: 65%-80% in bark [426] Anti-viral: [408] Z-Cinnamyl acetate: 42%-54% in fruit [426]; 11.85% in Cinnamomum verum oil [427] Anti-viral: [408] E-Cinnamyl acetate: 41.98% in flowers of Ceylon cinnamon, Cinnamomum zeylanicum [426]; 11.78% in Cinnamomum verum oil [427] Anti-viral: [408] Eugenol:70%~95% in leaves [428], Cinnamomum zeylanicum [426] Anti-inflammation [296,[346][347][348] Linalool: 16 Anti-inflammation [296,[346][347][348] Eugenyl acetate: 10.79% [433], 1.2% in leaf [429], 20.54% and 8.7% in bud from Java and Manado, Indonesia, respectively [431] Anti-inflammation [348] α -Humulene: 2.1% in leaf [429], 2.75% and 1.53% in bud from Java and Manado, Indonesia, respectively [431] Anti-inflammation [276,278,360] Copaiba (Copaifera) ß-Caryophyllene: 24.9% in oil [434], 21.7% in oil [435] Anti-inflammation [16,278,319] Anti-inflammation [11,238,241,261,262,265,267,291,400] p-Cymene: 42.1% in leaf and 30.0% in fruit [438] Anti-inflammation [322,328] Limonene: 5.5% in leaf and none in fruit [438], 1.33% in E. lehmani leaves and 3.32% in E. sideroxylon leaves [300], from 0% to 28% depending on the species and location [439] Anti-inflammation [275,278,297] α-Pheliandrene: from 0% to 20.1% depending on the species and location [439] Anti-inflammation [278] α-Pinene: 12.7% in leaf and 9.0% in fruit [438], from 1.27% to 26.35% in 7 Eucalyptus species' leaves with highest in E. lehmani [300], from 0% to 52.7% depending on the species and location [439] Anti-inflammation [278,337] Spathulenol: 3.2% in leaf and none in fruit [438], 1.15% in E. astrengens leaves [300], from 0% to 41.5% depending on the species and location [439] Anti-inflammation [387] γ -Terpinene: none in leaf and 5.1% in fruit [438], from 0% to 29.2% depending on the species and location [439] Anti-inflammation [278,360,386] Geranium (Pelargonium) ß -bourbonene: 2.7% in oil from Tajikistan [440] -Caryophyllene oxide: 3.7% in oil from Tajikistan [440] Allergen [441] Citronellol: 37.5% in oil from Tajikistan [440] Anti-inflammation [275,278,290,291] Anti-viral: Down-regulated expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, Geraniol: 6.0% in oil from Tajikistan [440] Anti-inflammation [275,278,290,291] Anti-viral: [408] Geranyl formate: 2.0% in oil from Tajikistan [440] Linalool: 3.0% in oil from Tajikistan [440] Anti-inflammation [19][20][21][22]275,278,290,296,297] Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) 6-Gingerol: (23%-25%) [442] Other chemical constituents: 10-gengerol, 6-shogaol, α-Terpinene, α-Terpineol, 4-Terpineol, Terpinolene, γ-Terpinolene, Cineole, Nerol, Borneol, Citronellol, Geraniol, Linalool, Camphor, Neral ...