The dragonfly genera (Odonata: Anisoptera) of the New World: An illustrated and annotated key.
... These reaches were divided into 20 five-meter-long segments, in which we used an entomological net (40 cm in diameter, 65 cm deep, with a 90 cm-long handle) to collect adult individuals for an average of one hour in each sample unit Miguel et al. 2017). We used taxonomic keys (Borror 1945;Belle 1988Belle , 1996Garrison 1990;Lencioni 2005Lencioni , 2006Garrison et al. 2006Garrison et al. , 2010 to identify the specimens, which were then deposited in the collection of the Zoology Museum of the Federal University of Pará in Belém, Pará, Brazil. ...
... These reaches were divided into 20 five-meter-long segments, in which we used an entomological net (40 cm in diameter, 65 cm deep, with a 90 cm-long handle) to collect adult individuals for an average of one hour in each sample unit Miguel et al. 2017). We used taxonomic keys (Borror 1945;Belle 1988Belle , 1996Garrison 1990;Lencioni 2005Lencioni , 2006Garrison et al. 2006Garrison et al. , 2010 to identify the specimens, which were then deposited in the collection of the Zoology Museum of the Federal University of Pará in Belém, Pará, Brazil. ...
... Six of these species, all zygopterans, were associated with preserved environments (z+): Argia infumata Selys, 1865, Argia tinctipennis Selys, 1865, Chalcopteryx rutilans (Rambur, 1842), Heteragrion aurantiacum Selys, 1862, Mnesarete aenea (Selys, 1853), and Protoneura tenuis Selys, 1860 ( Fig. 3a; Table 1). Three zygopterans (Acanthagrion adustum Williamson, 1916, Tigriagrion aurantinigrum Calvert, 1909, and Mnesarete williamsoni Garrison, 2006) were also among the negative indicators (z-), that is, they associated with a lower percentage of native vegetation cover. They had change points ranging from 0 to 25% ( Fig. 3a; Table 1). ...
In recent decades, the conversion of native forests into anthropogenic landscapes has been impacting progressively the physical habitat of the aquatic systems of Brazilian Amazonia. Given this, we evaluated the effects of the loss of natural vegetation cover on the diversity and morphology of Amazonian odonates (Zygoptera and Anisoptera). To do so, we sampled adult odonates at 50 streams in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. We evaluated land use patterns at each site together with two morphological metrics (length of the thorax and the abdomen) of the odonates. We found a positive relationship between natural vegetation cover and both odonate species richness, in general, and the proportion of zygopteran species richness. However, the relationship was negative for all the anisopteran diversity metrics. We also found only negative relationships in the anisopteran abdomen when we investigated the variation in morphological trait change points. We identified 12 species that were associated with natural forest cover, six (all zygopterans) with more forested environments, and six species (three anisopterans and three zygopterans) that were associated with environments with reduced vegetation cover. The results of the present study indicate that preserving continuous natural vegetation cover together with the riparian vegetation will be crucial to the maintenance of the physical characteristics of streams and the structure of the odonate community. The presence of adult odonates was also associated with the quality of both the aquatic and the terrestrial environments, given that their effects on odonate diversity were detected within a 500 m buffer around the streams.
Implications for insect conservation The analysis of landscape metrics may increase the potential of the associations observed between the characteristics of natural communities and the loss of natural vegetation cover, in particular in the case of the forest specialists. The application of analyses based on these metrics should better support the development of more effective mitigation measures.
... Aquatic insects have been employed as indicators of environmental quality in various types of freshwater systems worldwide [1]. Among the aquatic insect orders, Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies-see Supplementary Material Figure S1) have stood out because of their high habitat specificity and well-resolved taxonomy [2][3][4]. Furthermore, compared to aquatic macroinvertebrates, the use of Odonata adults for biomonitoring has several advantages. For instance, most species can be recognized quickly and captured in the field; they are distributed in a wide range of habitats, are sensitive to changes in water quality and ecological conditions of the surrounding environment, and the species assembly is typically large enough for assessments, especially in the tropics [5,6]. ...
... The charisma of these animals, their grand flight maneuvers and vibrant colors attract the attention of many people, which explains the increasing number of partnership networks between researchers and dragonfly lovers [10][11][12], as well as citizen science programs [13][14][15]. Furthermore, because of their rich evolutionary history [16,17] and their ecological [18] and taxonomic particularities [3,4], dragonflies have been the focus of numerous investigations. ...
... Adults or larvae were the stages most commonly used in research. Presumably, this is because adult Odonata are visible in the field, their collection requires only an insect net, excellent taxonomic keys for most species are available and easily accessible, and the adults can be identified to the species level [3,4,9]. This is partially true for larvae, the second stage with the most publications, particularly in regions with a long tradition in larval dragonfly research [58]. ...
Insects of the order Odonata have been used as indicators of environmental quality in different aquatic systems around the world. In this context, we conducted a bibliometric analysis to understand the general patterns of research on Odonata published in the past decade (2012–2021). We extracted literature from the Web of Science (WoS) in the advanced search option and used search terms related to Odonata plus search strings for each term. A total of 2764 Odonata publications were identified. The journals with the most published articles on Odonata were Zootaxa, International Journal of Odonatology and Odonatologica. The countries with the most Odonata publications were the USA, Brazil and China. Most studies were conducted on streams, ponds and rivers. Ecology, taxonomy and behavior were the main study topics. Of the total articles on Odonata, 982 involved Zygoptera and 946 Anisoptera. Another 756 studies were focused on both suborders. The increase in ecological and taxonomic studies of Odonata reflects the dynamic characteristics of this order, and its relatively well-defined systematics, especially in the case of adults. Despite the recent increase in the number of publications, there are still many gaps related to topics such as biogeography, parasitism, competition within and between species, evolutionary and phylogenetic relationships, as well as studies of the eggs (e.g., their development) and larval exuviae (e.g., their morphological features).
... The collected specimens were packaged and preserved according to the protocol by Lencioni (2006). For the taxonomic identification of the collected specimens, specific keys such as those by Lencioni (2005Lencioni ( , 2006Lencioni ( , 2013, and Garrison et al. (2006) were used. In addition, comparisons were made with specimens already identified and deposited in the collection of LABECO -UFPA, and, when necessary, specialists were consulted, such as Frederico Lencioni e Diogo Vilela. ...
... FaunaTaxonomic Catalog), making a filter for information on species in the state of Acre. Data was also gathered from specimen description studies, mainly seeking information from biology or natural history and where they occur in Brazil (Garrison et al. 2006, Lencioni 2005, 2006. With the incorporation of secondary data, we added 12 more collection points in six municipalities, taken from the literature describing the corresponding species, three exclusively for literature data and another three already added from LABECO collection tours, data from two recently published articles were also incorporated, Oliveira (2017) as point L14 and Garcia Junior et al. (2022) as point L13 (TABLE 2). ...
... The registration data for Brazil come from the taxonomic keys of Lencioni (2005Lencioni ( , 2006 and Garrison (2006), as well as for described females and larvae, being complemented, when necessary, with data from the "Brazilian Taxonomic Catalog of Fauna" and articles describing the species, that contains their collection points as well as geographic coordinates data. Rácenis, 1955* 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 14, 22, 27, 28, 29, 30 e 31. ...
Here we present the first Odonata (Insecta) species list for the state of Acre, Northern Brazil, adding ecological aspects and notes on its taxonomy and conservation status. Regarding Odonata samplings, Acre is one of the least explored states in the northern region of Brazil and an area of geographic importance, as it is a transition between the Andean and Amazon regions. Collections were carried out in 35 streams, distributed in
nine municipalities. We also supplemented our database from the review of secondary literature and data from
biological collections. We recorded 140 species, distributed in 55 genera, of which 16 species are new records for the state, making Acre state the second in the number of recorded species in northern Brazil. Of the recorded species, 113 are classified within some threat category of the IUCN red list and 110 in the ICMBio national list. Analyzing the taxonomic information on each recorded species, knowledge of females and larvae is still very limited and, most of the time, only available to adult males. For the first time, the occurrence of Drepanoneura loutoni von Ellenrieder & Garrison (2008) is reported for Brazil, and we also present photos of its main morphological characters, with comments on its biology. Our study shows the importance of conducting biodiversity research in poorly studied areas; such as the state of Acre, and serves as a basis for future expeditions in the region.
... Within Anisoptera, the genus Phyllocycla Calvert, 1948, comprises 31 described species (Garrison & von Ellenrieder, 1991), with 19 of them integrating the Brazilian fauna (Araújo et al., 2020;Pinto, 2024). Insects of this genus inhabit streams in dense forests and rivers, where adults perch on tree leaves and larvae likely inhabit backwaters covered in mud and sand, as they are classified as burrowers, possessing adaptations to bury themselves in the substrate (Carvalho & Nessimian, 1998;Garrison et al., 2006). ...
... The genus Phyllocycla tends to prefer sandy substrates, which are generally considered simple in ecological terms due to their homogeneous and relatively uniform structure (Carvalho & Nessimian, 1998;Garrison et al., 2006). Although sand can vary in grain composition and size, it tends to offer less diversity of microhabitats and resources for organisms compared to other substrates (Bueno et al., 2003;Ferreira et al., 2020). ...
Aim This study aimed to analyze aspects of adult emergence of Phyllocycla Calvert, 1948 (Odonata: Gomphidae) in artificial environments. Samplings were conducted in Sanharó stream, Caxias municipality, Maranhão State, Brazil. Methods Specimens were examined under a stereomicroscope and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Polystyrene boxes were used as rearing sites, and the following methods were analyzed: a) sand; b) strips of filter paper simulating substrate; c) without substrate. For emergence, the rearing sites had their lids removed and were placed inside larger jars with mesh windows, less water, with most of the substrate exposed above the water level. To verify the difference between treatments, the Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used. Results The curves indicated that emergences occurred more frequently in the initial days of rearing. There was an absence of statistical difference between groups. Despite that, all treatments showed success in emergence, with larvae without substrate emerging more quickly. Conclusions By exploring the use of different substrates in Odonata rearing, this research provides guidelines for optimizing laboratory conditions, helping to overcome experimental challenges and supporting new studies and inventories.
... After capture, the specimens were placed in entomological envelopes for about six hours (7 x 11 cm) with proper identification (collection location, date, and collector's name) to store the specimens and empty the digestive tract. After this, we proceeded to sacrifice the specimens, which were immersed in PA acetone (pure for analysis), where they remained for about 12 hours, varying according to the size of the species, to dissolve lipids and thus preserve the coloration (Garrison et al. 2006;Cezário et al. 2021). The species were identified at the generic level using dichotomous keys contained in Garrison et al. (2006Garrison et al. ( , 2010 and Lencioni (2017), and at the specific level through competent review articles for each taxon. ...
... After this, we proceeded to sacrifice the specimens, which were immersed in PA acetone (pure for analysis), where they remained for about 12 hours, varying according to the size of the species, to dissolve lipids and thus preserve the coloration (Garrison et al. 2006;Cezário et al. 2021). The species were identified at the generic level using dichotomous keys contained in Garrison et al. (2006Garrison et al. ( , 2010 and Lencioni (2017), and at the specific level through competent review articles for each taxon. ...
The Cerrado harbors rich biodiversity and yet faces various anthropogenic pressures, an alarming situation that justifies fauna inventory studies, particularly insects, often overlooked in such endeavors. Additionally, many locations within the Cerrado lack information about the odonatofauna, including Conservation Units (CUs), considered the main tools for biodiversity conservation in Brazil. The objective of our study is to report the Odonata community occurring in the Minas Gerais portion of the Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas (PNGSV), the conservation status of species, taxonomic information for some taxa, and compare the Odonata community along wet and dry seasons. The study was conducted from September 2022 to April 2023, with a total of 576 hours of sampling. We collected 601 specimens from 83 species, highlighting two new species (one recently described and other to be described elsewhere), eight new records for the state, and the rediscovery of the species Progomphus geijskesi Needham, 1944, collected for the first time in Brazil since 1918, and Argia botacudo Calvert, 1909, previously known only from the type material. The significant richness sampled, new taxa, new records, and the presence of species at some risk of extinction reinforce the Cerrado’s relevance as a global hotspot. It also underscores the importance of CUs as a tool to ensure the protection of Odonata communities in Brazil and highlights the need to strengthen public policies to guarantee investments and foster future financial resources for the protection of Brazilian biota, especially for conducting more inventory studies in the Cerrado.
... Ao longo dos últimos 30 anos as odonatas têm sido um dos grupos mais estudados pelos pesquisadores mundo afora. É relativamente grande, com espécies ainda por descrever e um montante de características que chamam a atenção dos pesquisadores: variação da coloração, aspectos ecológicos e comportamentais, relações com o meio e o grande potencial de indicadores de qualidade do ambiente (GARRISON; ELLENRIEDER; LOUTON, 2006). São insetos antigos, tendo sido pouco modificados ao longo dos 300 milhões de anos de existência. ...
... Podem ser encontrados em quase todas as regiões do planeta, exceto nas calotas polares (SAMWAYS, 2008) Sendo assim o objetivo desde trabalho é realizar um levantamento das famílias de odonatas encontradas na estação ecológica serra das araras com intuito de ser uma análise inicial e parcial do potencial que a estação comporta para este grupo. Lencioni (2005;2006), Garrison (2006) e Heckman (20062008). A família Protoneuridae é composta por 9 gêneros com hábitos que variam conforme a preferência por circundar pequenos riachos e rios à centímetros da lâmina d'água, principalmente nas margens, pousando sobre a vegetação circundante à água, com voos rápidos e fortes, dificultando a visualização, até mesmo com preferência por ambientes sombreados, denominadas espécies florestais dentro do grupo (WILLIAMSON, 1917;GARRISON, 1999;LENCIONI, 2005). ...
Odonatofauna, córrego São José, Estação Ecológica Serra das Araras.
... Travaux Zone géographique couverte français (France) Aguesse (1968) Europe Occidentale, Nord de l'Afrique et Iles atlantiques Bitsch (1979) d' Aguilar et al. (1985) Europe et Afrique du Nord d 'Aguilar & Dommanget (1998) Europe Heckman (2006Heckman ( , 2008 Amérique du Sud américain (Canada) Walker (1953Walker ( , 1958 Canada et Alaska Walker et Corbet (1975) Canada et Alaska français (Québec) Robert (1962) en français Québec Pilon & Lagacé (1998)en français Québec américain (États-Unis) Westfall & May (1996) Amérique du Nord Garrison et al. (2006Garrison et al. ( , 2010 Amériques Paulson (2009Paulson ( , 2011 Amérique du Nord Needham et al. (2014) Amérique du Nord Tennessen (2019) Amérique du Nord ...
... La littérature de langue anglaise ou américaine consultée (après 1950) ne retient pas le terme de cercoïd : Corbet (1999), Askew (2004), Dijkstra & Lewington (2006), Dijkstra et al. (2020), Garrison et al. (2006Garrison et al. ( , 2010, Heckman (2006Heckman ( , 2008, Needham et al. (2014), Paulson (2009Paulson ( , 2011, Smallshire & Swash (2020), Tennessen (2019), Westfall & May (1996). Walker (1953) le mentionne cependant en alternative à cercus, en précisant que les cercoïds correspondent probablement aux « true cerci »; notons que son ouvrage est antérieur aux travaux de Asahina (1954) et Snodgrass (1954. ...
French nomenclature for the anal appendages of odonate imagos and larvae: in favour of abandoning the term "cercoïdes".
The existing nomenclatures for odonates differs from one language and one country to another. For example, the French designation of the anal appendages of odonates varies from one publication to another, differs from that used in other languages and is not consistent between the larva and the imago. For the sake of consistency and to avoid misunderstandings in descriptions, we propose here to harmonise French usage with that prevailing internationally. The most exhaustive possible review of the different nomenclatures used around the world is followed by an argument on the relevance
of this choice. Finally, dedicated figures summarise the selected terminology for the suborders Zygoptera and Epiproctophora.
... La identificación a nivel de género se realizó utilizando las claves de Garrison et al. (2006Garrison et al. ( , 2010. Para la determinación específica, se consultaron las claves de Needham et al. (2014) para Anax y Pantala; Muzón & von Ellenrieder (2001) Dalzochio et al. (2012). ...
... Distribución. Ampliamente distribuida entre el norte y el sur de América (Garrison et al., 2006, Paulson, 2018. En el Perú se distribuye en los departamentos de Junín, Lima, Pasco y Piura, entre 0 y 4092 m s.n.m. (Hoffmann, 2009 Diagnosis. ...
El Área de Conservación Regional (ACR) Choquequirao es un Área Natural Protegida (ANP), ubicada en el departamento del Cusco, Perú. El objetivo de este estudio es presentar un inventario preliminar de Odonata en esta ANP. Se reportan 10 especies pertenecientes a cuatro familias y se añaden comentarios sobre su distribución. Anax amazili, Tramea darwini y Pantala hymenaea son nuevos registros para el departamento del Cusco; además, se amplía la distribución altitudinal de A. amazili y T. darwini en el país, hasta los 2580 m s.n.m. Finalmente, se registra por primera vez a Tramea rustica en Perú. Este estudio contribuye al conocimiento de la odonatofauna peruana en esta ACR; sin embargo, se requieren más investigaciones en esta área y otros departamentos aún no explorados //// The Choquequirao Regional Conservation Area (RCA) is a Protected Natural Area (PNA), located in the department of Cusco, Peru. The aim of this study is to present a preliminary inventory of Odonata in this PNA. We recorded 10 species belonging to four families and comments on their distribution are added. Anax amazili, Tramea darwini, and Pantala hymenaea are new records for the department of Cusco; in addition, the altitudinal range for A. amazili and T. darwini in the country is extended to 2580 m a.s.l. Finally, Tramea rustica is recorded for the first time in Peru. This study contributes to improving the knowledge of the Peruvian odonatofauna in this ACR; however, more research is required in this area and other unexplored departments.
... After collection, the specimens were stored in paper envelopes and immersed in pure acetone for 12 h, following the protocol of Lencioni (2005). Specieslevel identification was conducted using taxonomic keys and illustrated guides (Garrison, 1990;Belle & Belle, 1996;Lencioni, 2005;Garrison et al., 2006Garrison et al., , 2010. All samples were deposited in the Zoological Museum of the Federal University of Pará (Museu Vol.: (0123456789) de Zoologia da Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil). ...
Estimates of dark diversity, species that belong to a given species pool but are not present locally, can help to understand how environmental conditions influence species distribution. However, it remains uncertain whether dark diversity can predict the absence of indicator species in preserved environments after environmental changes. We explored the sensitivity of dark diversity (the set of species absent from a particular area), in detecting the absence of Zygoptera (Odonata) indicative of preserved forest environments in altered habitats, and the influence of sample coverage on the detected patterns. We sampled 98 streams in the Amazon region, where the dark diversity of Zygoptera was estimated based on probabilistic species co-occurrence patterns using the Beals index, encompassing 16 species in the Santarém/Belterra region and 23 species in the Paragominas region. The mean total richness of observed Zygoptera species in Paragominas, 42.7 species, and Santarém/Belterra, 25.93 species, was higher than the estimated mean dark diversity for the two study sites, which were 12.32 and 12.20 species, respectively. The dark diversity was not effective in detecting the absence of forest-indicator Zygoptera in human-altered streams and exhibited a positive relationship between Zygoptera dark diversity and species common to different environments concerning environmental integrity only in Paragominas, but not in Santarém. We found that there is a possibility that observed values of dark diversity may occasionally be subject to sampling coverage biases. In this regard, we suggest considering sampling coverage alongside field-collected biological datasets to assess whether it is related to dark diversity.
... From there, it could be inferred that possibly the designation "jacinta" is more recent and emerged as a linguistic variant of the original term, "jacina". Furthermore, the meaning of the word "jacina" seems to coincide with the description of some species of the genus Zenithoptera, which have brown bodies with metallic blue wings and are distributed from Nicaragua to Argentina, including the Amazon region (Garrison et al., 2006). Also coincides with the perception that dragonflies are part of the butterfly group, probably due to similarity in flight capability, habitats they frequent, and their striking coloration (see Fig. 9). ...
Incorporating insects into ecotourism activities increases awareness of their importance in ecosystems. However, the inclusion of this group in ecotourism activities is still rare. In this context, we identified the perception of indigenous and non-indigenous leaders and residents about the potential of Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) as key organisms for promoting community-based ecotourism (CBET) in the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve, Brazilian Amazon. We designed a semi-structured questionnaire and conducted interviews with 415 indigenous and non-indigenous residents (222 women and 193 men) from 73 communities and villages. When shown images of dragonflies (Anisoptera and Zygoptera), 98.55 % of respondents recognized them, predominantly identifying them as “jacinas” (55.11 %). Respondents noted differences between Anisoptera and Zygoptera based on body color and size, identified them as part of the insect group (45.78 %), and associated their habitat with forests and jungles (57.34 %). Most participants (96.38 %) indicated that current ecotourism activities do not include information about invertebrates, emphasizing the need for greater understanding of their biology and ecological significance (44.64 %), and management (29.16 %). They stated that seeing (99.52 %) and observing (99.04 %) dragonflies could attract tourists due to their striking appearance (57.10 %) and beautiful (39.03 %). Most respondents recognized the importance of dragonflies for the environment (99.52 %), culture (63.13 %), and economy (55.66 %), acknowledging their potential to generate income through tourism. Additionally, 89.88 % expressed a desire to participate in the development of ecotourism activities involving Odonata. The results reflect the enormous potential of dragonflies to be included as key organisms in the development of CBET, allowing for environmental awareness, biodiversity conservation, cultural appreciation, and income generation for local communities. Furthermore, the study highlights the need to implement educational and training programs on Odonata, along with the development and funding of public policies to ensure the success and sustainability of such initiatives.
... Subsequently, they were placed on paper towels for evaporation drying and stored in plastic envelopes on cardboard paper (Lencioni 2005). Species identification was performed using a stereomicroscope and specific taxonomic keys (Garrison et al. 2006;Garrison et al. 2010;Heckman 2008;Lencioni 2005;Lencioni 2006). After identifying the specimens, the material was deposited at the Laboratório de Ecologia de Comunidades (LaECO), at the Instituto Federal do Maranhão, Caxias campus. ...
Environmental and spatial variables can act as filters in species distribution, thereby structuring biological communities. Our study aims to analyze the effects of environmental and spatial factors on the structuring of Odonata assemblages in Cerrado. Testing the hypotheses: (1) the structuring of Odonata larvae and adult assemblages is more influenced by the environment than by space; and (2) the structuring of larvae and adult assemblages of the suborder Anisoptera is more influenced by the environment, while Zygoptera is more influenced by space. We measured physicochemical variables (dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity and temperature) and Habitat Integrity Index. Data analysis involved the coverage-based rarefaction and extrapolation method, Partial Redundancy Analysis (RDAp), and Principal Coordinates of Neighbor Matrices. Thirteen streams were sampled, collecting 1204 specimens. The sampling effort for larvae showed an efficiency of 98 %, and for adults, 85 %. According to RDAp, the composition for larvae was explained solely by environmental factors, while for adults, there was an explanation by the environment for Anisoptera and by both environmental and spatial factors for the order and Zygoptera. The results highlight the joint influence of environmental and spatial factors on the configuration of adult and larval Odonata assemblages in Cerrado streams. A variety of responses, each corresponding to the specific object of analysis, is evident, driven by divergent eco-physiological characteristics among suborders. These nuances reflect the inherent complexity of the ecology of these aquatic insects, emphasizing the importance of considering both environmental and spatial factors when investigating the dynamics of Odonata communities at different developmental stages.
... The genus Cordulegaster occurs in North Africa, Europe, and South-West Asia, extending eastwards as far as China and Japan [6][7][8]. Additionally, there is a North American group of Cordulegaster, with two species extending into Central America [9,10]. The genus Neallogaster occurs in Asia from the Hindukush over the Himalayan Mountains to China. ...
In this study, we present the first attempt at a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the entire family of Cordulegastridae involving 60% of its known species. Our analysis is in favor of reclassifica�tion of the members of the family into four genera: (i) the monophyletic genus Anotogaster Selys, 1854, with the number of known species reduced by three synonymizations; (ii) the genus Cordulegaster
Leach in Brewster, 1815 including all members of the boltonii group and, as a preliminary solution, the American species C. virginiae Novelo-Gutiérrez, 2018 and, very tentatively, C. diadema Selys, 1868. The bidentata group forms a genus of its own, for which we restored the name Thecagaster Selys 1854, stat. rev. Cordulegaster pekinensis McLachlan in Selys, 1886, currently considered as Neallogaster pekinensis, was placed by us in Thecagaster as well. The genus Neallogaster Cowley, 1934 needs further investigation involving all remaining species listed in it. The genus Zoraena Kirby, 1890, stat. rev., was recovered to accommodate the remaining American species of Cordulegaster. We synonymized
three species of Anotogaster: Anotogaster gregoryi Fraser, 1923 = Anotogaster xanthoptera Lohmann, 1993, syn. nov.; Anotogaster kuchenbeiseri (Förster, 1899) = Anotogaster antehumeralis Lohmann, 1993, syn. nov.; Anotogaster kuchenbeiseri (Förster, 1899) = Anotogaster cornutifrons Lohmann, 1993, syn. nov., based on examination of the existing type specimens. The type of specimens of A. klossi Fraser, 1919 = A. flaveola Lohmann 1993 syn. confirm., were also examined, and their synonymy was con�firmed. The isolated populations of A. sieboldii (Selys, 1854) from the archipelagos of Okinawa and Amami Oshima in Japan, respectively, should be regarded as separate species, which will be described elsewhere. Furthermore, we suggest the synonymization of Cordulegaster parvistigma Selys 1873 syn.
nov. with Thecagaster brevistigma (Selys 1854) comb. restaur.
... The individuals were identified to the species level using a stereomicroscope and specialized taxonomic keys (Garrison, 1990, Garrison et al., 2006Pujol-Luz & Fonseca, 1997;Von Ellenrieder & Muzón, 1999;Lencioni, 2005Lencioni, , 2006Lencioni, , 2017Costa et al., 2002;Pessacq, 2014, among others). When necessary, the identification or confirmation of some species was consulted with experts in the field. ...
Aquatic ecosystems are among the most affected by anthropogenic impacts, and the rapid detection and measurement of these impacts are of great importance for the maintenance of such environments. The order of aquatic insects Odonata has emerged as an important bioindicator of environmental quality due to its sensitivity to environmental changes and its ecophysiological requirements, which make them closely associated with habitat conditions. The aim of this study was to test whether the Zygoptera/Anisoptera ratio can be used as an effective tool to assess anthropogenic changes in Cerrado streams. Our hypothesis is that the proportion of Zygoptera/Anisoptera is an efficient tool for measuring environmental alterations in Cerrado streams, with a positive relationship between habitat integrity and the proportion of Zygoptera and an inverse relationship with the proportion of Anisoptera. Adults were collected in 44 streams of the Cerrado Biome in the eastern Maranhão state. The Habitat Integrity Index (HII) was used to verify the environmental gradient. Our hypothesis was corroborated, with a positive relationship between the richness and abundance of Zygoptera and HII, while an inverse relationship was observed for Anisoptera. According to our results, streams exhibiting a Zygoptera abundance of 68% or higher and richness of 58% or higher can be classified as preserved, while those showing an Anisoptera abundance and richness surpassing 31% and 41%, respectively, may be deemed altered. The patterns detected in the Cerrado were similar to those found in studies of the Amazon Biome and the Atlantic Forest, confirming the effectiveness of this method even for naturally open environments, such as the Cerrado. We conclude, therefore, that this method can be used as a tool to generate rapid results in monitoring studies, with low cost and easy application, enabling the development of mitigation, control, and conservation measures for extremely threatened environments such as those found in the Cerrado Biome.
... After the collection, the specimens were stored in paper envelopes and immersed into a 90% alcohol solution. In the laboratory, the specimens were prepared according to Lencioni protocol (2005Lencioni protocol ( , 2006, identified using specific taxonomic keys (Garrison, 1990;Garrison et al., 2006Garrison et al., , 2010Lencioni, 2005Lencioni, , 2006Pessacq, 2014), and when necessary, they were sent to specialists to solve identification issues. Finally, after the identification procedures, the specimens were deposited in the Zoology Museum Collection at the Federal University of Pará ...
Niche and dispersal‐based processes govern freshwater communities, such as aquatic insects, shaping their distribution and establishment in the environment. So, we aimed to address the relative influence of niche and dispersal‐based processes on Odonata diversity in Amazonian freshwater systems, and the influence of species dispersal functional traits on their longitudinal and latitudinal ranges.
We used the Dispersal‐Niche Continuum Index (DNCI) to test (i) regions more distant would present a prevalence of dispersal‐based processes, and (ii) different patterns would come from the two Odonata suborders; and by applying generalised linear models, we tested (iii) dispersal‐related functional traits from the suborders would influence latitudinal and longitudinal midpoints of the species.
We found that more distant regions had lower values of pairwise Dispersal–Niche Continuum, mainly for Zygoptera, corroborating our first hypothesis. Moreover, Zygoptera also presented the lowest absolute values of Dispersal–Niche Continuum and Anisoptera presented a joint influence of niche and dispersal‐based processes, agreeing with our second hypothesis. Only Zygoptera presented a significant association between dispersal functional traits and longitudinal midpoints, corroborating our third hypothesis.
Our results indicated a prevalence of dispersal‐related processes for Zygoptera, which can be explained by massive geographical barriers, such as the rivers, and their narrow physiological and ecological tolerance. Moreover, dispersal‐related traits demonstrated significant influence on longitudinal midpoints of Zygoptera, a scenario that the presence of the rivers may explain. A better understanding of the prevalent predictors of the species and how their dispersal ability governs their distribution has conservational implications.
... Specimens were wet preserved in acetone, then transferred into ethanol and deposited in the Biodiversity Lab Research Collections at the National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bengaluru (http:// biodiversitycollections.in/). Descriptive terminology follows Garrison et al. (2006). All measurements are given in millimetres unless mentioned otherwise. ...
We describe a new species of dragonfly Macromia kannharaiensis sp. nov., based on a male and a female specimens collected from Dodamarg taluka, Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra. The new species belongs to the calliope–group (species group initially discussed by Laidlaw 1922), and it can be distinguished by its congeners on the bases of specific colour pattern on postclypeus, markings on S2 and S8, shape and structure of caudal appendages and accessory genitalia.
... The specimens collected during the sampling were placed in glassine envelopes and immersed in acetone p.a. (practical grade) for 24 h (Zygoptera) or 48 h (Anisoptera), following Lencioni (2006). The insects were identified using the taxonomic keys of Garrison and Von Ellenrieder (2015), Garrison et al. (2006), and Lencioni (2005Lencioni ( , 2006. ...
Understanding the distribution patterns of biodiversity is a pivotal challenge in ecology, exacerbated by the escalating frequency of anthropogenic events with severe consequences. This urgency underscores the need for comprehensive investigations, as exemplified by our study, which focuses on evaluating the effects of environmental and spatial variables on Odonata distribution across a gradient of vegetation cover in the eastern Amazonia landscape. In our investigation, we aimed to test the hypothesis that the distribution pattern of species in the suborder Zygoptera is significantly different from that of species in the suborder Anisoptera, considering that the environment is a more important factor for Zygoptera. Sampling was conducted across 27 streams within a landscape altered by various human activities, resulting in changes to riparian forests, sediment influx, and bank destabilization. Environmental alterations were quantified using the Habitat Integrity Index (HII) in conjunction with water’s physical-chemical variables. We register 29 Odonata species/morphospecies, reflecting a significant biodiversity. Our hypothesis regarding the differing distribution patterns of species from the Odonata suborders Anisoptera and Zygoptera due to their ecophysiological distinctions was confirmed. This underscores that environmental and spatial factors serve as the primary determinants shaping the structure of Zygoptera suborder assemblages, given that the studied streams harbored environments that greatly impede the dispersal of species within this suborder. This study contributes valuable insights into the interplay between environmental changes induced by land use alterations and the resulting impacts on Odonata biodiversity in the Amazonian landscape.
... Subsequently, they were placed on paper towels for drying by evaporation and stored in plastic envelopes with cardboard. Specimens were identified using specialized taxonomic keys (Lencioni 2005(Lencioni , 2006(Lencioni , 2017Garrison et al. 2006Garrison et al. , 2010Heckman 2006). After identification, the material was deposited in the collection of the Community Ecology Laboratory at Instituto Federal do Maranhão (IFMA), Campus Caxias. ...
The Brazilian Cerrado is a biodiversity hotspot that has suffered significant vegetation loss in the states that make up the so-called MATOPIBA region in recent years an area currently experiencing soybean cultivation expansion in Brazil. This expansion can change the environmental conditions of freshwater streams, as they receive the impacts of activities occurring in their drainage basin. In this study, we assessed how anthropogenic activities impact the conservation status and environmental heterogeneity of streams and how these modifications affect the proportion between abundance and species richness among the suborders of Odonata (Anisoptera and Zygoptera). We also assessed whether conserved streams had a greater number of specialist species when compared to altered streams. To assess these objectives, we collected data from 24 streams within matrices presenting a gradient in their integrity and vegetation cover conditions. Altered areas showed a tendency higher to heterogeneity compared to preserved streams. As expected, we observed that the proportion of abundance and species richness of Zygoptera was higher in preserved streams, while for Anisoptera, it was higher in altered streams. Despite altered sites having higher environmental heterogeneity, we failed to register of a greater number of specialist species in these areas. This implies that the presence of riparian forests is essential for maintaining habitat integrity supporting the maintenance of species that are more sensitive to changes in environmental gradients.
Implications for insect conservation: We underscore the significance of permanent protection areas in maintaining the habitat integrity of streams and preserving the diversity of Odonata species, particularly for Zygoptera.
... Notably, the sampling time varied with water body area (30 min for small water bodies and 90 min for large water bodies; Supplementary Information - We placed the specimens in entomological envelopes, identi ed them with the locality and sampling occasion, and took them to the laboratory for species identi cation. The taxonomist Diogo Vilela identi ed all the specimens by using identi cation keys (Lencioni 2005(Lencioni , 2006(Lencioni , 2017Garrison, 2006Garrison, , 2010. We deposited them in the entomological collection of Laboratório de Ecologia de Lepidoptera (LELep) belonging to the Museu de Ciências Naturais Carlos Ritter at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). ...
For more than six decades, ecologists have been investigating how biological communities are structured and the implications for conservation. The Niche and Island Biogeography theories stand out as the basis for predictions related to diversity-environmental heterogeneity and diversity-area relationships, respectively. Although positive relationships are expected, the relative roles of environmental heterogeneity (EH) and area in structuring tropical lentic water body assemblages remain unclear, particularly for dragonflies. This knowledge shortfall is one of the factors which potentially limit biodiversity conservation. We sought to investigate the effects of area and EH, expecting that there would be a positive influence on dragonfly species richness and abundance. We sampled dragonfly adults for three months in 12 water bodies in the Pampa biome of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We quantified water body area and vegetation cover (trees, plantations, shrubs, herbs, and aquatic plants), as an EH measure to evaluate how these predictors explained dragonfly species richness and abundance. We found that the water body area, but not EH, was relevant to dragonfly diversity. This indicates that dragonflies may perceive the vegetation as homogeneous and thus move across the landscape without barriers that would hinder new habitat colonization. Therefore, the structure of dragonfly assemblages at lentic water bodies in Pampas grasslands was more influenced by water body area than environmental heterogeneity.
... Afterward, the specimens were stored in paper envelopes according to the standardized methodology of the Lencioni (2005Lencioni ( , 2006. The laboratory routines for identification encompassed the use of taxonomic keys (Lencioni, 2005(Lencioni, , 2006Garrison et al., 2006, Garrison, 2010, and, when necessary, the aid of specialists. After all the procedures, the biological vouchers were deposited at the collection of the Universidade Federal do Pará. ...
The evaluation of environmental and spatial influence in freshwater systems is crucial for the conservation of aquatic diversity. So, we evaluated communities of Odonata in streams inside and outside sustainable use areas in the Brazilian western Amazon. We predicted that these streams would differ regarding habitat integrity and species α and β diversity. We also predict that environmental and spatial variables will be important for both suborders, but with more substantial effects on Zygoptera species, considering their nature of forest-specialist. The study was conducted in 35 streams, 19 inside and 16 outside sustainable use areas. The streams outside presented high species richness, abundance, and number of exclusive forest-specialist species from Zygoptera and higher scores of habitat integrity. In contrast, one sustainable use area presented the lowest values of these metrics. Besides, we found that environmental and spatial variables were significantly associated to Zygoptera species composition, but not with Anisop-tera, which can be explained by their cosmopolitan nature. Our results indicated that an interplay between environmental and spatial processes determines the structure of the metacommunities of Zygoptera. The less effective dispersal rates and narrow ecological tolerance of Zygoptera species make them more influenced by local conditions and dispersal limitation, and more sensible to habitat modifications. We highlight the importance of improving the local management of the sustainable use areas by environmental agencies, mainly on areas that are losing their capacity to maintain the aquatic fauna, and implementation of social policies toward traditional people.
... Brazil. Taxonomic treatment at genus level was made using the keys of Garrison et al. (2006Garrison et al. ( , 2010 and Lencioni (2005Lencioni ( , 2006Lencioni ( , 2017 for genus and species level. New occurrences were checked by comparing our list of species with the website Libelulas de Minas Gerais (libelulasdemg.com.br), that constantly updates the number of Odonata species in the state. ...
The High Altitude Fields (HAF) are unique phytosociological features that occur only
in certain regions of the Atlantic Forest. It is composed of herbaceous and shrubby vegetation and shallow soils that promote local water infiltration and recharge. Occurring on top of hills, the HAF
are isolated units in the landscape, connecting with the matrix through associated ecosystems (springs with riparian forests and “capões de mata”, which are natural islands of arboreal
vegetation, commonly associated with rural vegetation, such as high-altitude fields, located above 1,200 m in phytogeographic domains of the Atlantic Forest, Cerrado or Caatinga). These areas have great species endemism, and studies concerning the order Odonata are still scarce. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the ecological responses (richness, diversity, specificity) of adult odonates in these ecosystems. The study was conducted from November 2020 to March 2021 in three areas in the
Poços de Caldas Plateau, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. A total of 45 species (247 specimens) were collected, with the highest total richness being recorded for Anisoptera. Among the sampled areas,
there was no difference in Anisoptera communities, but there was a difference in Zygoptera species composition. In general, the most preserved remnant of HAF, the greater it presents greater richness of Odonata and harbors a regional pool of species.
... Identification was done following keys of Fraser (1933Fraser ( , 1936; Nair, Subramanian (2014) and the photographic guide book of Subramanian et al. (2018). Morphological terminology follows Garrison et al. (2006). No voucher specimen was collected. ...
Opportunistic records can add valuable insights into the diversity and distribution of several taxa, especially those that are not captured well within a systematic framework of sampling. During our two-year-long surveys in the Western Ghats region, we came across notable spatial records of two damselflies belonging to Coenagrionidae Kirby, 1890 family, and one dragonfly belonging to Aeshnidae Leach, 1815. Here, we report for the first time the presence of Agriocnemis keralensis Peters, 1981, an endemic species of the Western Ghats, from the State of Karnataka. We also add Pseudagrion spencei Fraser, 1922 to the Western Ghats odonate species list. We further report the northernmost spatial record of Gynacantha khasiaca MacLachlan, 1896 from the Western Ghats of the State of Maharashtra. Our new spatial records add valuable knowledge to the current Indian odonatological literature.
... We placed the specimens in entomological envelopes, identi ed them with the locality and sampling occasion, and took them to the laboratory for species identi cation. The taxonomist Diogo Vilela identi ed all the specimens by using identi cation keys (Lencioni 2005(Lencioni , 2006(Lencioni , 2017Garrison, 2006Garrison, , 2010. We deposited them in the entomological collection of Laboratório de Ecologia de Lepidoptera (LELep) belonging to the Museu de Ciências Naturais Carlos Ritter at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel). ...
For more than six decades, ecologists have been investigating how biological communities are structured and the implications for conservation. The Niche and Island Biogeography theories stand out as the basis for predictions related to diversity-environmental heterogeneity and diversity-area relationships, respectively. Although positive relationships are expected, the relative roles of environmental heterogeneity (EH) and area in structuring lentic water body assemblages are unclear for dragonflies. We sought to investigate the effects of area and EH, expecting that there would be a positive influence on dragonfly species richness and abundance. We sampled dragonfly adults for three months in 12 water bodies in the Pampa biome of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We quantified water body area and vegetation, as an EH measure to evaluate how these predictors explained dragonfly species richness and abundance. We found that water body area, but not EH, was relevant to dragonfly diversity. This indicates that dragonflies may have perceived the vegetation as homogeneous and thus moved across the landscape without perceiving barriers that would hinder new habitat colonization. Therefore, the structure of water body dragonfly assemblages in Pampas grasslands was more influenced by water body area than environmental heterogeneity.
Implication for insect conservation
We highlight the relevance of tropical lentic water bodies in harboring species not registered yet, an important knowledge shortfall for biodiversity. We also found a high dragonfly diversity in large water bodies, which means that in managed landscapes the conservation of large areas is required to sustain this high diversity.
... All collected specimens were identified and have been deposited in the Entomological Collection of the Museo de Historia Natural "C.J. Marinkelle" of Universidad de los Andes (ANDES-E, Bogotá, Colombia). The identifi-cation was carried out using taxonomic keys and original descriptions provided by Montgomery (1940), Borror (1942), Rácenis (1968), Leonard (1977), Garrison (1990, 1999, 2009), Costa & Santos (1997, Garrison et al. (2006Garrison et al. ( , 2010, Heckman (2006Heckman ( : 725, 2008, De Marmels (2008), Garrison & von Ellenrieder (2009, Machado (2010), von Ellenrieder (2012), Pessacq (2014), Stand-Pérez et al. (2019), Mendoza-Penagos et al. (2022), comparison with reference specimens, and consultation with colleagues. ...
The Department of Guainía, in the Colombian Amazon, has a privileged situation in terms of biodiversity, but it remained for many years as one of the least explored territories of the country. Our contribution represents the result of several years of field collecting and taxonomic work in Guainía to increase the knowledge of the odonates there. We present here the first comprehensive checklist for Guainía with 104 species reported, of which 42 are new records for the department and 14 are new records for Colombia, including the rediscovery of the genus Hylaeonympha Rácenis, 1968. The updated number of Odonata reported for Colombia is now 513 species.
... We registered and photographed all observed dragonflies for taxonomical identification, obtaining abundance, species richness, Shannon diversity, and categorized their predator behavior based on literature (e.g. Corbet, 2000;Garrison et al., 2006). We surveyed birds in a 260 m transect along the paddy field perimeter between 5:00 and 8:00 am on the same dates as the dragonfly survey, adding March 8, 14, and 21, 2015. ...
Link for temporary access to the full article: https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1iH6c5liTFNz4j
... Collections were made within 60 minutes, between 11.00 and 14.00 h, which corresponds to the period when adults of Odonata are most active (Calvão et al., 2018). Both Carvalho et al. (2013) and Calvão et al. (2018) stored the collected specimens following Lencioni's (2006) protocol and identified them using taxonomic keys and illustrated, specialized guides (Borror, 1942;Garrison et al., 2006;Lencioni, 2005Lencioni, , 2006. They deposited the specimens in the James Alexander Ratter scientific collection at the Mato Grosso State University (UNEMAT), Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso, Brazil. ...
Natural landscapes of Latin America, such as the Cerrado biome, are increasingly changing due to conflicting development models between economic growth and biodiversity conservation. In cases of total or partial suppression of natural vegetation, more sunlight reaches the streams, leading to changes in Odonata assemblages. Due to their thermoregulation characteristics, the proportion of the suborder Anisoptera tends to increase whereas the suborder Zygoptera will decrease, as this suborder is more sensitive to habitat loss. We assessed whether the proportions of individuals and species richness of Zygoptera and Anisoptera changed due to environmental quality loss in Cerrado stream habitats. Also, we assessed the performance of ratios using genus and family level. We conducted our study at 18 streams in Mato Grosso State, Brazil. We sampled Odonata communities and measured the environmental quality of each stream using the Habitat Integrity Index. To assess the relationship between the environmental quality of the streams and the Odonata ratios, we performed generalized linear models with the beta distribution family. The models showed that the loss of environmental integrity caused Zygoptera to decrease and Anisoptera to increase. In addition, we found that Acanthagrion /Zygoptera and Argia /Zygoptera ratios showed a strong relationship with habitat integrity, being plausible alternatives for use in monitoring programs. We conclude that the Zygoptera/Anisoptera ratio is a good indicator of environmental quality for the Cerrado biome and therefore makes for a suitable tool for citizen science programs in which no taxonomic expertise is required.
... Morphological data for the specimens were made using a stereomicroscope (SkiHi TDLED-1005, India), and they were photographed using a mirror-less digital camera (Sony a7III body, Sony 90 mm macro lens and Raynox DCR-250 super macro lens). Descriptive terminology follows Garrison et al. (2006). All measurements were taken using a digital Vernier caliper (ZHART CT-ZT-VERNIER). ...
The monotypic genus Epithemis Laidlaw, 1955, is endemic to the Western Ghats and is represented by thenominate species Epithemis mariae (Laidlaw, 1915). Epithemis mariae is distributed across the WesternGhats, and as part of an ongoing study, we identified a distinct population from Wayanad. Morphologicaland molecular data for E. mariae and the population from the Wayanad plateau affirm that the two aredistinct taxa and allow us to describe a new species. Epithemis wayanadensis sp. nov. is described basedon male specimens collected from Wayanad, a part of the Western Ghats in Kerala state, southern India.
... Especially noticeable was the shape of the epiproct, longer than in the two previously known Diaphlebia species and more widely divaricate as seen in both dorsal and ventral view. Also, there was a small medial angulation on the cerci, at midlength, which is lacking in Diaphlebia but present in Zonophora (see Garrison et al., 2006). The critical character to check next was the subalar carina of the hind wing to see if there was a projecting spine, which is characteristic of Zonophora; however, the photograph included in the original description was too dark to discern the exact nature of the carina. ...
Diaphlebia richteri is shown to be a junior synonym of Zonophora nobilis. The confusion started by a generic misplacement due to the failure to observe the subalar carina spine which is present in Zonophora but not in Diaphlebia. Therefore, Z. nobilis is officially recorded for the first time in Colombia; we present a distribution map with the known localities for this rare Amazon species. Also, we made a comparison between our female specimens and the original description of the female from Cerro de la Neblina (Venezuela), including the first photographs of diagnostic characters of a female specimen.
... Specimens were identified using literature (Garrison 1994;Garrison et al. 2006Garrison et al. , 2010Heckman 2006;Palacino-Rodríguez et al. 2015), and comparing previously identified specimens from the Odonata collections of the Biological Research Center of the Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo (COD-UAEH) and the Zoological Collection of the Autonomous University of Aguascalientes (CZ-UAA). The collected specimens are deposited in these collections. ...
... Anisoptera apresenta 11 famílias e Zygoptera 34 famílias 13 . Na região Neotropical encontra-se a segunda maior diversidade de Anisoptera e Zygoptera com 186 gêneros e 1765 espécies, agrupadas em 20 famílias 14,15 . Anisoptera compreende quatro famílias (Aeshnidae, Gomphidae, Cordulidae e Libellulidae) e Zygoptera compreende 11 famílias (Platystictidae, Calopterygidae, Dicteriadidae, Rimanellidae, Polythoridae, Megapodagrionidae, Heteragrionidae, Philogeniidae, Lestidae, Perilestidae e Coenagrionidae). ...
A ordem Odonata abrange insetos popularmente conhecidos por libélulas e donzelinhas (ou agriões). São organismos hemimetábolos com fases de ovo, larva aquática e adultos terrestres. Existem também registros de espécies em que os estágios finais das larvas podem ser terrestres. O ciclo de vida larval é relativamente longo em relação a outros insetos, podendo chegar a cerca de dois anos, enquanto adultos vivem por apenas algumas semanas.
... Se ha revisado el material odonatológico depositado en la Colección Entomológica de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (CEUC), Perú. La determinación genérica se realizó según las claves de identificación de Garrison et al. (2006Garrison et al. ( , 2010, para el nivel específico se consultaron los trabajos de von Ellenrieder (2003), De Marmels (2001) y Hunger y Schiel (2012). Con esta nota faunística se catalogan tres especies de Odonata presentes en dicho humedal: Rhionaeschna absoluta (Calvert), Sympetrum gilvum (Selys) y Protallagma titicacae (Calvert), y se aportan datos de distribución para dichas especies. ...
Three species of odonates represented in the Entomological Collection of the Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (ECUC) are cataloged for the Andean Wetland Lucre -Huacarpay, department of Cusco, Peru, and distribution data for these species are provided. Cataloging of dragonfies (Insecta: Odonata) from an Andean Wetland in the department of Cusco, Peru. ///
Tres especies de odonatos representadas en la Colección Entomológica de la Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (CEUC) son catalogadas para el humedal andino Lucre - Huacarpay, departamento de Cusco, Perú y se aportan datos de distribución para dichas especies.
... The oviposition behavior of damselflies under natural conditions was observed in females of the Coenagrionidae family. These females were identified using the taxonomic keys illustrated by Garrison et al. 32 and von Ellenrieder and Garrison 33 as Argia joergenseni Ris, 1913 and Acanthagrion lancea Selys, 1876. Methodology specifications are detailed in the STAR Methods. ...
Plant-insect interactions can provide extremely valuable information for reconstructing the oviposition behavior. We have studied about 1350 endophytic egg traces of coenagrionid damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera) from the Eocene, identifying triangular or drop-shaped scars associated with them. This study aims to determine the origin of these scars. Our behavioral study of about 1800 endophytic eggs from recent coenagrionids indicates that these scars were caused by ovipositor incisions, but without egg insertion. The scar correlates (χ2-test) with leaf veins in both fossil and extant species. We infer that a female would detect the proximity of a leaf vein and avoid egg-laying, generating a scar that also fossilizes. For the first time, a scar produced by the ovipositor has been identified, indicating the existence of undesirable areas for oviposition. Accordingly, we recognize that Coenagrionidae damselflies (narrow-winged damselflies or pond damselflies) have been avoiding leaf veins for at least 52 million years.
... Envelopes were identified with the date and place of collection. Subsequently, individuals were sacrificed by immersion in acetone PA and incubated in this solvent for at least 12 hours to promote lipid dissolution and color preservation (Garrison, Ellenrieder, & Louton, 2006). Specimens were identified using dichotomous keys available in the literature Garrison, Ellenrieder, & Louton, 2010;Lencioni, 2017). ...
Faunal inventories are essential for biota management and conservation, especially in areas with potential for the creation of conservation units. Inventories of insect taxa such as dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata), which perform several environmental services in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, are of great importance. In view of the above, this study aimed to update and expand the list of Odonata species in the Barroso region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. This study was carried out in three areas of forest fragments in Atlantic
... Systematic arrangement of the species follows Kalkman et al. (2020). The general terminology used in description follows Garrison et al. (2006). ...
Microgomphus souteri Fraser, 1924, M. flavocolorata Fraser, 1924, M. irata Fraser, 1924 and Idionyx corona Fraser, 1921 are reported from Maharashtra State for the first time. The records are the northern most distribution range for the respective species. Brief description with identification characters of the species is provided.
... Casanarean paratypes of Perissolestes rupestris are stored in the entomological collection of the Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia (CEUA). The identification was carried out using the taxonomic keys in Borror (1942); Costa & Santos (1997); Garrison (1990Garrison ( , 2009; Garrison & von Ellenrieder (2015); Garrison et al. (2006Garrison et al. ( , 2010; Heckman (2006Heckman ( , 2008; Leonard (1977); Stand-Pérez et al. (2019); and Williamson & Williamson (1924). ...
This study aims to preliminary assess the taxonomic diversity of dragonflies and
damselflies from San José del Guaviare, Guaviare Department, Colombia. A total of 47 species were collected at five localities in different freshwater ecosystems during a field trip. We highlight three new species records for the country: Erythrodiplax tenuis Borror, 1942, Micrathyria spinifera Calvert, 1909, and Perithemis rubita Dunkle, 1982. Finally, a new species of Perissoletes is described from Guaviare and Casanare, Colombia.
... Estudos também mostraram que uma maior abundância e riqueza de espécies de adultos e larvas de Odonata podem ser encontradas durante a estação seca (BAPTISTA et al., 2001;FULAN & HENRY, 2007). Para facilitar a identificação dos indivíduos foram utilizadas chaves taxonômicas (BORROR, 1945;BELLE, 1988;GARRISON, 1990;BELLE, 1996;LENCIONI, 2005LENCIONI, , 2006GARRISON et al., 2006;. Os indivíduos coletados de cada área de estudo foram deixados no laboratório para análise. ...
... There are several morphological characteristics that define the odonate suborders Zygoptera and Anisoptera, including: characters regarding the shape of the wings, head, thorax, abdomen and genitalia (Garrison et al., 2006). In particular, wing shape and venation patterns are one of the most commonly used traits to classify dragonflies and damselflies to family or genus level. ...
In recent decades, a lack of available knowledge about the magnitude, identity and distribution of biodiversity has given way to a taxonomic impediment where species are not being described as fast as the rate of extinction. Using Machine Learning methods based on seven different algorithms (LR, CART, KNN, GNB, LDA, SVM and RFC) we have created an automatic identification approach for odonate genera, through images of wing contours. The training population is composed of the collected specimens that have been digitized in the framework of the NSF funded Odomatic and TOWD projects. Each contour was pre-processed, and 80 coefficients were extracted for each specimen. These form a database with 4656 rows and 80 columns, which was divided into 70% for training and 30% for testing the classifiers. The classifier with the best performance was a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), which discriminated the highest number of classes (100) with an accuracy value of 0.7337, precision of 0.75, recall of 0.73 and a F1 score of 0.73. Additionally, two main confusion groups are reported, among genera within the suborders of Anisoptera and Zygoptera. These confusion groups suggest a need to include other morphological characters that complement the wing information used for the classification of these groups thereby improving accuracy of classification. Likewise, the findings of this work open the door to the application of machine learning methods for the identification of species in Odonata and in insects more broadly which would potentially reduce the impact of the taxonomic impediment.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations on the water quality and physical structure of streams in the Amazon region and on the diversity of adult odonates (Insecta: Odonata). We tested the hypotheses: (1) that streams draining palm oil monocultures have low water quality and physical integrity and (2) that changes in water quality (local variables) and physical structure (landscape variables) of streams affect the abundance and species richness of the Odonata. A total of 22 streams were studied, of which 15 were in drainage areas used for oil palm plantations and seven were in primary forest areas in the eastern Amazon, Pará State, Brazil. To represent environmental conditions, we selected local variables (e.g., temperature, dissolved oxygen, and turbidity) and landscape variables (e.g., vegetation at 50 and 500 m distance from sampling points) known to be important for the Odonata community. Our results showed that oil palm plantations impact both the physical structure of Amazonian streams and Odonata diversity. The analyses revealed that Odonata abundance and species richness were influenced differently by the variables tested, with dissolved oxygen positively related to Odonata abundance and water temperature and turbidity negatively related to Odonata abundance. Changes in the surrounding vegetation were found to affect the physical structure of streams and influence dragonfly communities. Based on these results, we recommend the implementation of integrated approaches that consider local and landscape factors when monitoring aquatic ecosystems.
The Macromiidae is a relatively small family comprising 4 genera and 126 species (Paulson et al. (Coordinators), World Odonata List, Odonata Central. University of Alabama, 2023. https://www.odonatacentral.org/app/#/wol/. Accessed 18 July 2023), distributed throughout the world except the Neotropical region. Adult macromiids patrol the shorelines of lakes, ponds, and streams; the nymphs live in various substrates partially hidden in soft beds of mud, silt, or sand or among root mats. Two genera occur in Thailand: Epophthalmia with 2 species and the more diverse Macromia with 13 species known and 6 more yet to be described; both genera are widely distributed throughout the country. Nymphs of Epophthalmia are distinguished from those of Macromia primarily by the condition of the labial palp, which is strongly developed, moderately reflexed, and lacking setae, and the distal margin has 6–7 strong, hook-like, asymmetrically developed teeth; in addition, premental setae are absent, and the ligula is biconvex. The macromiids were long considered as belonging to the family Corduliidae, or even as a subfamily of Libellulidae, but recent phylogenetic studies based on morphological and molecular analyses consider macromiids to be monophyletic and the sister group of Corduliidae.
The Corduliidae (sensu stricto) comprises 22 genera and 164 species of mostly Holarctic genera, a few Neotropical groups, and a predominantly Australasian group related to Hemicordulia. Corduliids are strong fliers, mostly inhabiting areas around submontane torrential streams but also lakes, ponds, and bogs. Nymphs live usually in mucky edges of primary forest streams and bogs. Adult male corduliids have an acute anal angle on the hind wings and small auricles on abdominal segment 2, except Hemicordulia. Three genera occur in Thailand: Hemicordulia with two species, Procordulia artemis, and Somatochlora with one undetermined species. Idionyx and Macromidia traditionally have been included in Corduliidae. Presently, they are considered as incertae sedis. The corduliids were long considered either as a subfamily of Libellulidae or with the rank of family. Recent phylogenetic studies based on morphological and molecular analyses consider Corduliidae as the sister group of Macromiidae.
Canada has lost three important odonatologists since the first edition of this list was published in 2005: Gordon Pritchard, University of Calgary biology professor and internationally active odonate researcher (Cannings 2013); Paul Brunelle, leader of the massive inventory of Odonata in the Maritime Provinces (McAlpine 2020a, b, c) and co-author of the first edition of this checklist; and Raymond Hutchinson, who made huge contributions to Québec and Canadian odonatology over the past five decades (Savard 2021). We dedicate this work to them.
Brazil hosts a wide range of Odonata species, including many hitherto undescribed ones, especially in remote and unexplored regions where logistics are difficult. The northwestern Brazilian Amazon is an example of this situation, and many locations still need to be sampled there and have their taxonomic inventories compiled. Against this background, this study aimed to survey the Odonata species in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, located in the extreme northwest of the Western Amazon. The survey was conducted at 11 water bodies, where 67 Odonata species were recorded, including four new records for the state of Amazonas and seven new records for Brazil. Pioneering studies like this are important for enhancing our understanding of the region’s biodiversity and contribute to conservation efforts.
Protected areas are hugely important for preserving freshwater systems, given their importance for the human well-being and aquatic diversity. Our main objective in the present study was to investigate the diversity of adult Odonata species in streams inside a national park, and in streams located outside this protected area, under different human interventions. We analyzed assemblages of Odonata from 28 streams (inside = 17 and outside = 11) in Itaituba municipality, in Pará state, Brazil. Our results indicated that only habitat integrity and Zygoptera species composition significantly differed between both categories. The lack of more significant results may indicate some degree of buffer influence of the area of the national park since the streams inside and outside its area are a very short distance. Therefore, this closeness may be enough to allow the dispersal of Anisoptera species, considered effective dispersers, and some tolerant species of Zygoptera. However, only the Zygoptera suborder presented species specialists in streams inside and outside the national park, and even though this may be explained through their physiological aspects, another explanation may be that the presence of the national park mitigates the negative influence of human activities.
Implications for insect conservation We highlight the importance of full-protected areas in preserving the diversity of Odonata species, through the maintenance of habitat integrity and physical structure. However, there is a need for more studies conducted inside protected areas to address their effectiveness for the preservation of aquatic systems.
Beta diversity has been widely used in studies to understand the spatial distribution patterns of species and to assess the effects of anthropic impacts on aquatic environments. Dissimilarity indices, such as Sorensen and Jaccard, are widely used to calculate beta diversity, and show differences in their way of evaluating and valuing biodiversity components, which result in different patterns. Despite this variation, the efficiency and performance of beta diversity to measure environmental impacts in communities remains unexplored. In this study, we In this study, we evaluate changes in the composition of Odonata species adult in Amazonian streams using different beta diversity indices. The Odonata were sampling in 98 small streams in two regions of the eastern Amazon. We compared the beta diversity of preserved and altered streams in each region using the Sorensen and Jaccard indices. Our results show that all methods used are effective in detecting changes in Odonata species composition when comparing preserved and altered stream communities. However, the Sorensen index was more able to reflect these changes, possibly due to its lower sensitivity to rare species compared to the Jaccard index. Even with a subtle difference in detection power, we should consider it, especially when environmental changes are less pronounced, using methods with greater accuracy increases the probability of detecting the effects of human actions on natural communities.
Seven species of odonates new to Puebla and one to Morelos urban areas were identified from the entomological collection of the Universidad de las Américas Puebla (UDLAP), Mexico. Rarely observed species such as Argia extranea and A. westfalli were recorded in Puebla and Veracruz, respectively. Argia fumipennis, Ischnura demorsa, I. ramburii, Anax junius, and Triacanthagyna septima are discussed in detail. The ecological importance of the UDLAP campus, ‘Flor del Bosque’ State Park and Atlixco, is also noted. These records add to the knowledge of odonate distribution from Puebla, Morelos, and Veracruz.
A field trip to collect Odonata was carried out in Southern Serranía de Chiribiquete National Natural Park, Araracuara Region, Colombia. A total of 40 species were collected, of which 17 are new records for the country: Hetaerina charca, Epipleoneura spatulata, Metaleptobasis gibbosa, Neoneura desana, N. luzmarina, N. fulvicollis, N. joana, Phoenicagrion paulsoni, Protoneura tenuis, Oxystigma petiolatum, Perissolestes romulus, Epigomphus paludosus, Zonophora regalis, Micrathyria hippolyte, Uracis ovipositrix, and Ypirangathemis calverti. The genera Schistolobos, and Ypirangathemis are reported for the first time for Colombia. A map of localities, photographs of the species, and notes on dragonfly and damselfly conservation are provided.
We record Aphylla theodorina (Navás, 1933), Micrathyria artemis (Ris, 1911), and Micrathyria dido (Ris, 1911) for the first time for Colombia based on males taken on the Barcelona Campus at the Universidad de Los Llanos, located in the foothills of the Colombian Eastern Andes in the Orinoco river basin. These collections extend the species' distribution hundreds of kilometres to the north-west.
Odonata is amphibian insects, widely used in studies of aquatic ecosystems. In order for us to improve their use as bioindicator organisms, there is a need to increase our knowledge of how species distribution responds to the environmental gradient. Our study evaluates the relationship among habitat specificity, morphology and differences in spatial niche breadth of Odonata, in streams with different environmental conditions in the Cerrado Maranhense. We collected in 24 streams between May and November 2016 and March and April 2017. A total of 824 specimens were collected, distributed in 57 species, of which 12 were classified as generalists and five as specialists in integral habitat. Habitat generalists tend to be larger than species that specialize in intact environments; PERMANOVA showed a significant separation between the generalist and specialist groups in environments with less anthropic impact (Pseudo F = 0.173; p = 0.001). The length and width of the wings along with the length of the chest were the most important characteristics for this differentiation. Telebasis griffinii and Epipleoneura williamsoni (OMI – 0.0 and 5.0) presented the lowest spatial niche values. However, specialist species did not always show the lowest values. More than half of the species in our study (n = 35) were considered rare by the Multinomial species classification method (CLAM) for having an abundance of less than seven individuals. The number of rare species is a matter of concern given the fragmentation of the region's aquatic environments, which has been shaping Odonata assemblages, making room for generalist species and excluding species that need more complete conditions.
We erect Gynacantha anandmati sp. nov. based on one male and one female specimens collected from Thane district of Maharashtra. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by long, straight and nearly flat cerci, distinct ‘T-shaped mark’ on postfrons and vividly marked abdomen. We also provide updated key to identification of males of South Asian Gynacantha spp.
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