Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness and the Politic of Empowerment
... We just needed an intersectional approach to thinking about the problem. Intersectionality, as articulated by scholars like Crenshaw [12], [13] Nash, [14]and Hill Collins [15], [16](outside of engineering education), and Pawley [17], Cross [18], [19], and Moore et al [20] (within engineering education), is a praxis (part theory, part practice) that illustrates the ways intersecting oppressions shape the experiences of marginalized and multiply marginalized individuals, more than an identification of multiple immutable traits (like race and gender), intersectionality frames action in a way that acknowledges and responds to differences when experiencing oppression. This shaped the development of our meeting agenda with the Makers: we needed to understand the pushback to the collective while also leaving room for the ways Women of Color might experience it differently than white women. ...
... Although these theoretical frames are sometimes left at the level of abstraction, the purpose of the frame was to demonstrate that the work the group was trying to do was really difficult work, organizationally, institutionally, socially, and interpersonally. By connecting the experience of exclusion to Patricia Hill Collins domains of power [16], Author 1 framed the pushback the group experienced as complex and the struggle to respond to that pushback as not only understandable but as inherent in the complexity of the problem of oppression. Collins argues that power and oppression occur in four different domains: interpersonal, hegemonic (Author 1 uses sociocultural with undergraduates), disciplinary, and structural. ...
... This best practice encouraged the participants to think about the various perspectives in the room. The presentation introduced three key concepts: the wheel of power/privilege (seefigure 2), the matrix of oppression (seefigure 3), and Patricia Hill Collins' domains of oppression[16] (seefigure 4). ...
... The language of reform construes welfare "dependency" as an issue of out-of-wedlock birth, which, in turn, is seen as a feature of "underclass" culture. Dominant imagery depicts single mothers on welfare as women who lack an "appropriate" orientation to the Protestant work ethic and to mainstream family values (Hill Collins, 2000;Kaplan, 1997;Sidel, 2000). Consequently, reform discourse emphasizes resocialization; it encourages the formation of programs that aim to inculcate an "appropriate" (read White, middle class, heterosexual) orientation to work and family. ...
... All women are unduly burdened with reproductive work (e.g., childrearing, housework, and care-giving), but low-income mothers care for children under conditions of tremendous strain. In the past, single mothers could rely on extended family members and on "other mothers" and "community mothers" (see Hill Collins, 2000;Kaplan, 1997). Now mothers parent teenage daughters in social isolation as economic restructuring and cuts to the social safety net leave inner-city communities and poor extended families with little to offer in the way of support. ...
... The good girl/bad girl dichotomy still signifies, albeit in new ways, female respectability. As Hill Collins (2000) argues, Black women's sexuality continues to be forged through controlling images of Black womanhood. The image of the Jezebel (a sexually assertive image) and the "hoochie girl" (a contemporary take on the Jezebel) define Black women's sexuality as a deviation from a White, middle class, norm. ...
... Problem definitions occur before reaching the Congressional agendas, thereby maintaining hegemony, dominance, and the status quo in policymaking and how society should look and make decisions about the poor (Crenshaw, 1989;McPhail, 2003;Marshall, 1999). When resolving societal problems about women defined by men, these stories must be reconciled, especially when it comes to how women are ignored and where they are placed in society (Collins, 2000;Lorde, 1984;2007;Marshal, 1997;. ...
... Gender politics contains the stories, belief systems, and normative ideas of policymakers and political actors that had the power to influence the language in the ACTs and subsequent welfare legislation. Silence on policy issues allows cleavages for injustices to seep in and become the societal norms of how groups are perceived and treated in society (Collins, 2000;Lorde, 2007;Marshal, 1999;. ...
... The public policy process through FCPA allows women to talk back (Collins, 2000;hooks, 1989;Kates,1996;Katz, 2012;Lorde,1984;2007;Marshall,1999;Shaw, 2004) about public policies, beginning with problem definition, and involving them in the policy processes that are directly impacting them. This research may have positive personal and social outcomes for single welfare mothers, reduce poverty and welfare recidivism, supports single mothers' higher education access and completion of 4-year degrees, and alerts policymakers and political actors about considering 4-year degree attainment as work and as a sustainable path out of poverty. ...
Scholars approached poverty through welfare reform by focusing on reductions in
... Within US (white supremacist, cisheteropatriarchal) society, Mothers of Color-including mothers, grandmothers, and other women-identifying care providers-bear disproportionate care labor (Lynch et al., 2016), and are often positioned to negotiate their child's disability labeling, challenge professional recommendations, advocate for supports, and resist educational exclusion (Cioè-Peña, 2021). Such care work is often paradoxically deemed as unmotherly (e.g., aggressive, disengaged) based on norms of white femininity (Collins, 2009;Lalvani, 2019). Thus, within dominant parent involvement paradigms and due to intersections of ableism, racism, and cisheteropatriarchy, schools often position Mothers of Color as incompetent, denying their rights and dismissing their insights. ...
... Building on foundational intersectional analyses by Black feminists (e.g., Collins, 2009;Crenshaw, 1989), Disability Critical Race Theory (DisCrit; Annamma et al., 2013) addresses implicit and explicit ways that ableism and racism intersect to socially construct standards of whiteness and ability as normative and desirable. Although all seven of DisCrit's principles inform our work (see Annamma et al., 2013), here we explicitly draw on two key tenets. ...
... At the same time, Dena critiqued the system itself, recognizing how its fundamental design upholds whiteness, cisheteropatriarchy, and normative notions of ability. Thus, Dena surfaced a critical tension around advocating for her children's inclusion into a system she did not fully believe in, knowing her advocacy attempts would be read as unmotherly (Cioè-Peña, 2021;Collins, 2009). Understanding this tension, Maia shared her own approach, stating, "I found in a lot of environments, [I just have to] make it clear: I'm just going to sit here in this room until you let my kid show up as himself and support him." ...
In this critical, qualitative study, we utilized Disability Critical Race Theory and revolutionary mothering to understand how Mothers of Color who have young children with disabilities made meaning of underlying constitutions of competence within schools, and how they conceptualized possibility for justice in early childhood. Findings reveal how Mothers enacted political clarity regarding ableism and racism as they mothered for respect and care. Specifically, Mothers challenged dominant notions of competence in early childhood and strategically resisted early educational practices that positioned their children as unworthy of childhood. Simultaneously, Mothers dreamed beyond the status quo, imagining early childhood systems that decentered educator expertise, and recentered multiply-marginalized children’s (and their families’) agency. We conclude with implications for teaching and learning in early childhood.
... In the last part of this section on Black teachers, I highlight some of the literature that discusses the salient role race and racism have on the Black teacher experience and scholarship. Intersectional identities (Collins, 2000), especially for many Black teachers, are intertwined into their lived experiences and therefore shape their perceptions and practices in the classroom (Dixon, 2003;Milner, 2012). ...
... Each participant was encouraged to discuss their intersecting identities that impact and affect their experiences during their interviews. These conversations served a dual purpose of further illuminating these experts' conceptions of risk-taking while also allowing both the researcher and participant space for examining oppression embedded within their lived experiences (Collins, 2000). (2000), Patricia Hill Collins further theorizes and utilizes Crenshaw's intersectionality (1991) and matrix of domination as a way to account for Black women's racialized experiences of oppression. ...
... Each person is also standing against an engineered system designed to maintain these injustices, in what Collins' refers to as a matrix of domination. This term encapsulates how these injustices are organized within a society and acknowledges how subjugation for a particular group of people is inevitable (Collins, 2000 This approach on sampling serves as a source of tension with existing phenomenological literature, which posits the importance of homogenizing the participants' pool (Alase, 2017). Keeping this in mind, there are three primary ways this sample is "homogeneous": First, everyone racially identifies as Black and/or African-American and can therefore shed light into being part of a 'social group united by a long history of racialized experiences in the United States" (O'Connor et al., 2007, p.543). ...
Research demonstrates the significant impact that Black educators have in the classroom on students across all racial demographics. Despite this, Black teacher retention is often lower than for their white counterparts. While there is extant literature that addresses the issues of why Black teachers leave, there is a need for more research that centers the perspectives and experiences of why veteran Black educators remain in the classroom. Found within this group of teachers are those who have willfully taken on potential risks, in service of their students’ achievement and their commitment to educational justice. This phenomenological study of 16 Black educators is grounded in Critical Race theory and employs surveys and interviews as primary data sources to examine and analyze the ways in which Black educators engage in and derive meaning from “risk taking” in their respective classrooms and schools. The findings suggest that school-based definitions for risk-taking require a critical lens in how such behaviors and actions are promoted, encouraged and enacted within classrooms. This study has implications on the ways that individual teacher characteristics and socio-cultural factors influence teacher decisions and practices.
... Analysis of Black domestic workers' experiences challenges the either/or logic in additive 111 models of inequality, advancing instead a both/and analytic to show how, for example, Black 112 nannies both develop ties with white children that affirm the importance of their work and 113 articulate a critical analysis of their exploitation (Collins 2000). Studies of Black domestic 114 workers and employers also integrate a relational analysis that exposes white women's efforts to 115 maintain their class and racial power by how they direct Black domestic workers' reproductive 116 labor, juxtaposed against Black women's everyday resistance (Rollins 1985 The social organization of caring is "the systematic ways in which care for those who 125 need it is allocated and how the responsibility for caring labor is assigned" (Glenn 2010, 5-6). ...
... 252Although Filipina agency owners also have a unique positionality, we use interviews with them 253 here to illuminate their role in reinforcing the citizen division of reproductive labor between 254 women of color. AsCollins (2000) notes, there is a dialectic between oppression and activism, 255 and we also consider how organizing among domestic workers might challenge inequalities in 256 citizenship. 257CITIZENSHIP DIVISIONS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF HOME CARE258 Our analysis of home care in Los Angeles shows how the state's abdication of 259 responsibility to provide elder care for middle-class, mostly white, citizens dovetails with a 260 citizenship division between women of color, representing a new social organization of 261 reproductive labor in the long-term care market. ...
... You cannot force the 457 family to pay you higher if there is not enough money because they are thinking that 458 sometimes the patient have long life, so they are thinking if the money would be enough 459 until the time that she is going to pass away. 460As this quotation demonstrates, workers' views of the agencies indicate a both/and 461 understanding(Collins 2000) of complex inequalities shaping the social location of both the 462 workers and the agency owners in a context of welfare state retrenchment. 463Reflecting Filipina agencies' middling place in a stratified long-term care market, 464 workers reported that agencies did little to support them in cases of gendered and racialized 465 conflict with clients. ...
In this paper we examine citizenship inequalities in paid reproductive labor. Through an analysis of elder care in Los Angeles, California, based on interviews with Filipina home care agency workers and owners, we delineate citizen divisions made up of two interlocking dimensions. The longstanding U.S. welfare state abdication of responsibility for elder care for its citizens generates a racialized, gendered citizenship division that facilitates another citizenship division between women of color. The outsourcing of elder care by the government to the private sector including small business in the ethnic economy allows Filipina immigrants with legal citizenship to become middle-women minorities who hire undocumented Filipinas to provide care for white, middle-class, aging women and their families. Through this new social organization of reproductive labor, responsibility is directed away from the state generating tensions between women of color with different legal statuses. Our findings show how racialized, gendered inequalities are reinforced through this new social organization of reproductive labor but also demonstrate potential for undermining intersecting inequalities.
... In this paper, we notice the reliability of certain actions causing harm against Black women particularly. In building a case from our lived experiences (see Collins, 2008), we also draw attention to the situations wherein white women might have plausible deniability because epistemic violence often falls under the radar. Dotson informs us here because she implores us to understand that some forms of ignorance are benign and others "given a particular social location and power level" function perniciously. ...
... In Black Feminist Thought, Patricia Hill Collins articulates an "ethic of accountability" as a central principle for Black Feminist Epistemology [20]; her vision of knowledge-making includes a space where we make commitments to one another and follow through on them. Accountability is not a retrofit to the work of knowledge-making built through dialogue and lived experiences. ...
... It may be the case that instead of interacting with labor process autonomy, race and gender interact with one another in terms of adverse health outcomes. This is consistent with the idea of interlocking systems of oppression which are theorized to form a "matrix of domination", where race and gender statuses are multiplicative in their effects (Anderson and Collins 1998;Collins 1990). partial support for this hypothesis. ...
... Although interaction effects between gender, race and labor process factors were not found, I do not abandon this line of inquiry and will continue to find ways to test this theory about labor process and status characteristics. It may be that instead of interacting with labor processes, race and gender may interact with one another in terms of adverse health outcomes, consistent with the idea of interlocking systems of oppression where race and gender statuses are multiplicative in their effects (Anderson and Collins 1998;Collins 1990). Other ways to examine the raced and gendered nature of labor process control systems include case studies of gendered occupations, focus groups, or ethnographic research. ...
The purpose of this research is to understand the complex relationships between working conditions and occupational health. The research draws from labor process theory that generally views worker control over the labor process as essential to non-alienated labor and from epidemiologic models of host, agent/exposure, and environment. Using General Social Survey 2002 cross sectional data, I investigate the effects of standard epidemiologic factors and worker labor process control factors in multivariate models to predict the dependent variables of workplace injury, persistent pain, exhaustion, and general health status. I suggest that labor process autonomy, social cohesion and skill utilization generally have positive and protective effects on worker occupational health status net of socio-demographic, job status, exposures, and environments. The addition of labor process factors to the epidemiologic triad improves the model specification of persistent pain, exhaustion and general health status; however, the specification of workplace injury models was not improved. Analyses indicate that labor process control is protective for workers who do not perform heavy lifting, but such control may exacerbate workplace injury for those who do perform heavy lifting. Of particular interest is the significant protective effect of perceived safety climate in all models, which may reflect normative consent. The study concludes that the sociological addition of labor process factors to the epidemiologic model needs to be further modified to include issues of labor process consent and organizational commitment.
... Intersectionality considers how multiple identities such as sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, race, disability, and gender intersect at the micro level of the individual to connect to systems of privilege and oppression at the macro social-structural level. These intersections then produce divergent outcomes depending on variable micro/macro intersections (Collins, 1991;Crenshaw, 1989Crenshaw, , 1991. Intersectionality has its theoretical roots in feminist standpoint theory and challenges the positivist epistemological premises of social science methodology and objective Western knowledge construction. ...
... Building from feminist standpoint theory, Crenshaw, (1989Crenshaw, ( , 1991 originally coined the term intersectionality while critiquing the exclusion of Black women from White feminist discourse. Patricia Hill Collins (1991) utilized the concept of intersectionality to demonstrate that Black women's epistemologies have been suppressed and oppressed by White patriarchal knowledge production. ...
... En lo que se refiere a la desigualdad social, la vida de las personas y la organización del poder en una sociedad determinada se entienden mejor si no están determinadas por un único eje de división social, ya sea la raza, el género o la clase, sino por muchos ejes que trabajan juntos y se influyen mutuamente." (Collins & Bilgde, 2016) La potencialidad de la interseccionalidad vista desde esta posición radicaría en que estos márgenes generales amplios desde los cuales se lleva a cabo impiden el uso de categorías rígidas expresadas en definiciones específicas y propias de un ejercicio reflexivo instrumental (Collins, 2000). Por ello, la interseccionalidad excede la simple asunción a ser una metodología, pues ella misma ya despliega una teoría, una epistemología, un método, una voluntad política, etc. ...
... Intersectionality theory (Brewer & Collins, 1992;Crenshaw, 1991Crenshaw, , 2018 captures this multifaceted nature of identity and highlights the complexity of the different privileged and/or marginalized aspects of an individual (Cho et al., 2013). In conjunction with minority stress theory, intersectionality theory maintains that individuals with multiple minority statuses often experience multiple marginalization. ...
Objective: Non-White sexual minorities experience disproportionate adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and adulthood discrimination, as compared to their White or heterosexual counterparts. These stressors lead to increased psychological distress and worsened clinical outcomes, including suicidality. Minority stress theory posits that systemic marginalization, as experienced by minoritized individuals, leads to distress. Intersectionality theory suggests that marginalization compounds over time for individuals with intersectional minority identities. Yet, the mechanisms underlying the stress proliferation process for individuals with intersectional minority identities remain largely unexamined. Method: The present study used nationally representative data of sexual minority individuals (n = 1,518, Mage = 31 years, ethnoracial minority = 38.7%, female and gender minority = 50.6%) to investigate the relations among ethnoracial minoritization, ACEs, discrimination, distress, and self-injurious/suicidal outcomes. We proposed a novel integration of minority stress, intersectionality, and stress proliferation theories. Via longitudinal mediation, we tested models of stress persistence, stress accumulation, and stress sensitization. Results: Our results confirmed disparities between White versus non-White sexual minorities on ACEs, discrimination experiences, and psychological distress. We found support for the stress persistence and the stress accumulation models, but not the stress sensitization model. Moreover, we found distress and discrimination were associated with future nonsuicidal self-injurious behaviors and suicidal outcomes, highlighting the deleterious consequences of intersectional minority stress proliferation. Conclusion: Our results support our proposed theory of intersectional minority stress proliferation where ethnoracial and sexual minoritization intersect and beget disproportionate ACEs, which in turn contribute to accumulation and persistence of psychological distress and discrimination experiences in adulthood.
... To say it with the works of Brewer and Collins (1992), our lived experience provides the most reliable form of knowledge about oppression and power. Although uncommon in disciplines such as computer science or engineering, we learned that surfacing and openly discussing our lived experiences ease the sense-making process and increase the saliencies of the social justice issues to examine. ...
Technology often works silently as a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it has the power to amplify inequality, reinforce existing stereotypes, and further push people into categories that
do not represent them. On the other, its design may help devise strategies and counternarratives that redirect ongoing discourses towards a fairer and more inclusive society. However, giving voice to and operationalizing these reflections is difficult, especially in new complex fields such as robotics and artificial intelligence (AI).
To this aim, this book collects the reflections, insights, and tools resulting from the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for Embodied AI (DEI4EAI) project. This book is intended for students, researchers, designers, developers, and societal stakeholders working with embodied AI and interested in contributing to more equitable and just futures. All those things dubbed as ordinary are in fact, so cultural: they represent values, beliefs, and narratives that influence how we collect and use data, how we craft algorithms, how we define agency, how we mold AI embodiment, how we design interaction, and how we define embodied AI intervention.
Although in different roles and capacities, designers, researchers, and broader stakeholders like policymakers and communities are responsible for reflecting on how their values, perspectives, biases, and stereotypes may affect embodied AI technology. This is important because siloed practices influence our capacity to assess the risks and harms of our actions. To prevent designing harmful and inadequate technology, there is the need to inspect narratives, practices, and methods with reflexivity and openness to shift mindsets.
... Reframing the margins is a factor that is important to consider when researchers think about self-determination and the struggle for liberation-both of which are salient to sex worker realities . Finally, central to intersectionality is engaging in deliberate action toward liberation (Collins, 1990(Collins, , 2002, that is, scholars and practitioners must do something with the information they obtain. ...
... White spaces allow white people to feel a sense of belonging and inclusion that is rarely accessible to BIPOC (DiAngelo, 2018). White spaces also foster racial isolation and allow white people to develop worldviews that center whiteness, as whites limited inter-racial contact decreases whites' likelihood to experience other racialized ways of knowing and perceiving the world (Collins, 2002), increasing the likelihood for white discrimination, prejudice, and "othering" of BIPOC. Alternatively, white people who are shown to have close, intimate relationships with BIPOC and increased racial heterogeneity in their friend groups may be more likely to develop white racial identities that exhibit less explicit prejudice and racism (Allport et al., 1954;Pettigrew et al., 2011;Pettigrew & Tropp, 2000). ...
Conversations about whiteness in the U.S. have become increasingly common in recent years. Yet, there is still much deliberation about what whiteness is. Existing research has demonstrated that whiteness is a homogenizing force, investing all white people in institutions and cultures that maintain white supremacy. Yet, recent studies have also explored the situated nature of whiteness by demonstrating how whiteness varies based on space, time, and the social location of the white people who embody it. Hegemonic whiteness, a framework that explores how inter- and intra-racial hierarchies are sustained via dominant ideologies and practices, provides insights that account for these seemingly opposing trends. In this paper, I further develop the framework of hegemonic whiteness using Connell’s (1987), Connell and Messerchmidt's (2005), and Messerschmidt’s (2019) framework of hegemonic masculinity. Next, I operationalize the dominant affective, attitudinal, behavioral, and cultural standards associated with one particular type of whiteness: notably hegemonic whiteness in the US context. These standards provide important insights into whiteness by demonstrating the baseline expectations whites from disparate backgrounds are expected to embody to fully reap the “wages of whiteness”. Such understandings can contribute to more effective anti-racist education programs and race-based social justice movements.
... Smyth (2015: xi) states in her chapter 'Above and Beyond the Silence' that the silence that surrounded the topic of abortion within Irish society paraphrased it out of existence. At the same time, Hill Collins (2008) argues In Black Feminist Thought that if something does not exist, it cannot be believed, meaning that if we do not see or write or talk about something we cannot imagine it. The secrecy surrounding abortion meant that most people, including myself, could not have imagined a situation where a woman in Ireland would be forced to continue with an unviable pregnancy, especially when the life of the mother was at risk. ...
This paper is a self-reflective account of my experience of receiving a diagnosis of a fatal foetal anomaly in pregnancy in Ireland. It re-tells my story within the context of my memories of abortion in Ireland during the years 1992 to 2015. Placing my memories within a specific historical and social frame, this paper outlines how abortion was positioned in Ireland during these periods and reflects on how this positioning of abortion impacted upon my pregnancy. It further analyses the role that story-telling and personal experience played in the campaign to repeal the 8th Amendment and questions how these stories were treated differently from other forms of knowledge and epistemology.
... 140). Collins (2009) also advocated for moving away from a binary logic of Black versus White or male versus female in identity research, since the binary approach focused on two singular groups ignores vast diversity within the groups. ...
English language teaching has become a global phenomenon, involving racially and culturally diverse teachers travelling across national borders. While these transnational teachers bring diversity to host countries, the superiority of White native English speakers continues to be reinforced. This raciolinguistic ideology can uniquely shape the subjectivities of English language teachers of colour who sojourn abroad. Focusing on three African American female teachers of English who were participating in the English Program in Korea (EPIK) to teach in South Korean schools and posting YouTube videos to describe their experiences, this qualitative study examined the nature of their experiences and intersecting subjectivities regarding race, colour, language, gender, and nationality, as well as privilege and marginality as they are expressed online. The analysis focused on how intersectionality, a notion originally developed to describe Black women’s unique experiences in the United States, would be applied to this transnational context. A thematic analysis of a total of 12 videos revealed these EPIK teachers’ multifaceted and negotiated subjectivities as American teachers, victims of racial prejudice, and ambassadors with a mission to educate local people. These subjectivities signify the intersectionality of privilege and marginality, which are embedded in the local and global ideologies and power relations.
... Social structures, normativities, hierarchies, axes of differentiation and of oppression, create unique experiences and opportunities for all groups (Brown & Misra, 2003). To address inequalities, it is not possible to consider just one vector of social structures, it is necessary to understand the "matrix of domination" in which each cell represents a specific position (Collins, 2008). An intersectional approach deconstructs the idea that identity categories are discrete and delimited, which poses significant challenges to equality policies, as legal language is based on naming and labeling. ...
Gender inequalities are a reality in economic, political and social participation. The lives of women and men, either cisgender or transgender, are deeply affected by gender inequalities. The identity-based approach to equality policies do not consider the interconnections and interdependence of diverse identity categories, and the acknowledgment that it is not possible to explain inequalities through a single framework. Sexual orientation equality policies often fail to take gender inequalities into account. Academic research has the potential to contribute to clarify the concepts underlying equality policies and to promote an intersectional approach. In terms of equality policies this means, for instance, to formulate policies that take into account groups at the different intersections of inequalities and the way that they are affected by the policies in question. This work aims to explore the contribution of the Portuguese research community to sexual orientation equality policies in Portugal. It will analyze in what extent the academic research in Portugal contributes to question identity-based politics and to advance an intersectional approach to sexual orientation equality policies. It will focus on and critically analyze equality policies in Portugal, and scientific and scholarly publications, namely journal articles, conference papers, theses, and dissertations of the Portuguese academia.
... Furthermore, the UN institutions demonstrate the lack of awareness on issues of intersectionality, as the interrelation of "gender and other social categories, such as nationality, class, ethnicity, religion and sexuality are absent or actively prevented in such representations" [Pratt, Richter-Devroe 2011]. Under these circumstances, the global political governance project a utopian reality where the systems of power are represented in isolation from one another, ignoring the "intersect of unequal material realities and distinctive social and cultural experiences mutually constructing one another" [Acker 1999;Collins 2000;Collins, Chepp 2013]. The employment of such an approach favours the universalization of women as a one general, imprecise, vague category, neglecting the unique and distinct experiences of billions disadvantaged due to their race, class, gender and sexuality. ...
The global political elite has developed a pragmatic approach to addressing gender justice issues based on rationality and patriarchy, which hinders the activities of women. There is an urgent need to develop and implement the most efficient, inclusive and emancipatory practices in the light of experience.
This article reveals an understanding of the content and meaning of feminist foreign policy in the context of official international content. It assesses the impact of UNSCR 1325 on the development of feminist foreign policy and gender justice.
The author concludes that certain fundamental limitations of the document prevent the achievement of real goals lobbied by international organizations and feminist scientists, as well as the deconstruction of gender mainstreaming.
... Increasing racial/ethnic and cultural diversity among emerging nonprofit scholars may act as a mechanism to increase the diversity of topics and theoretical perspectives. Predominant social science research suggests that an early scholar's identity and corresponding location in our stratified cultural systems will be intimately intertwined with their career aspirations, and perhaps more importantly the opportunities and obstacles they encounter along the way (Collins, 2002). A dearth of research and insight into the diversity of experiences in the nonprofit sector is a particular symptom of a larger problem concerning the invisibility of race in organizational research overall (Ray, 2019). ...
This study takes an emerging scholar perspective to reflect critically on the evolution of the nonprofit research field, applying a mixed-methods design. Study 1 evaluated the evolution of nonprofit research through comparing the topics, theories, and methods in emerging nonprofit scholars’ dissertations ( n = 3,023) to that of emerging scholars’ publications in nonprofit journals ( n = 390). Study 2 examined through a survey of emerging nonprofit scholars ( n = 141) how forces operating within the academic system influence scholars’ early career research. Results from Study 1 document a decreasing diversity in the body of scholarship from dissertations to journal articles and Study 2 highlights challenges experienced in an early career stage. The findings call for future reflection on the level of diversity, both in terms of research approaches and the composition of our scholarly community. Maintaining diversity will arguably be an important precondition to ensure continuous knowledge advancement in the field.
... A strengths-based, holistic approach to Blackness stems from a transformative paradigm, where one is critical of the structural conditions that contribute to an ontological reality, while also seeing the world from the standpoint of Black youth. Standpoint theory teaches that reality, and the power to determine what is reality and how it is meaningful and appropriate, is situated within the perspectives and positioning of the individual (group) investigated (Collins, 2000). In essence, how we understand what is real or not, and why, is based on whose perspective or lens we are looking through. ...
This paper calls for a critical reimagination of science epistemology and praxis by advocating for a move toward Black liberation in and through K-12 science education. This call is driven by our desires as authors to foster a future of K-12 science teaching and learning that centers, embraces, and promotes historical and contemporary Black scientific innovation and creativity through practices that redress structural anti-Black racism and its implications on Black existence and life. Black Liberatory K-12 Science Education (BLKSE) names the existing challenges with cultivating and empowering Black minds in and through science as a result of anti-Black ideologies that ground and govern K-12 science access, teaching and learning. In naming said challenges as the manifestations of anti-Black ideologies, we shed light on the roles of K-12 science teachers and science teacher education regarding the treatment of Black students given oppressive policies and practices that fail to recognize Black brilliance and innovation. By advocating for a push toward BLKSE, we offer guiding concepts we feel are necessary to begin the process of rooting out anti-Blackness; a process that centers a holistic, heterogenous form of Blackness at the crux of science inquiry and understanding. As a result of this perspec- tive, BLKSE embraces the beauty and creativity of Black youth, naming their positions and ideas as forms of scientific knowledge and inquiry, while disrupting existing mainstream paradigms and practices in science education. Implications for ways to work toward BLKSE in K-12 science teaching and teacher education are provided.
... A conceptual framework for studying the intersectionality between gender and health can be found in the essays published by Kimberle Crenshaw (1989), the study of the 'matrix of domination' by Patricia Hill Collins (1990) and the transnational approach presented in Feminism without Borders: Decolonizing Theory, Practicing Solidarity by Chandra Mohanty (2003) and Pedagogies of Crossing by Jacquie Alexander (2005). The concepts of 'matrix of domination' and 'intersectionality' have become popular in discussions of power relations (patriarchy, racism, capitalism). ...
Aims
The objectives of this research protocol are as follows: to examine the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic on health and social care for migrant women in the Son Gotleu district of Palma de Mallorca, Spain, and to develop outreach tools to target this specific group.
Design
This is a qualitative study that uses content analysis to obtain in‐depth knowledge of personal experience (manifest content) and contextual experience (latent content) in a specific social setting.
Methods
The study population are migrant women living in Son Gotleu district, who are segmented by their age and experience of COVID‐19, defined as positive or negative according to whether or not they have been infected with the disease.
Results
The shortcomings and needs relating to communication and health care that affect this group's current and future quality of life will be identified.
Conclusion
The study of migrant women offers a gateway allowing vulnerability in health care to be detected. An awareness of their needs will allow prototype tools to be developed to facilitate communication and care for general and acute health needs between the scientific community and the vulnerable population.
... La denuncia de la ideología de género (IG) es una pieza clave de la ID. La noción fue originalmente acuñada desde los feminismos (Hill, 1990). La apropiación conservadora de ésta fue iniciada por el Vaticano, en sus esfuerzos para combatir el movimiento de mujeres y hacer una lectura de los derechos humanos contraria a la de las conferencias internacionales de El Cairo y Beijing (Cornejo-Valle y Pichardo, 2017). ...
Este artículo explora lo que denominamos interseccionalidad de derecha (ID). Al igual que la perspectiva académica y activista de la interseccionalidad, la ID atiende a la interrelación entre distintos ejes de posicionamiento social y desigualdad. Sin embargo, el contraste entre ellas no podría ser mayor, ya que la ID no moviliza intersecciones para cuestionar el poder, sino para legitimar el statu quo y naturalizar mecanismos de opresión. El artículo muestra la centralidad del tema de la “ideología de género” en la ID. Para ello, analiza el discurso de los politólogos Agustín Laje y Christian Rosas. El estudio utiliza métodos mixtos: análisis estadístico de tuits (correlaciones y análisis de sentimientos) e interpretación de libros, videos, arengas y conferencias. Para consolidar los hallazgos, la exploración se extendió a otros/as 18 activistas y políticos/as. Concluimos que la potencia narrativa de la extrema derecha hoy radica en su carácter interseccional, en la apelación a las emociones, en el uso de la simplificación y en la reproducción obstinada y efectiva de los aspectos más conservadores del sentido común y del liberalismo.
... Para travestis e transexuais femininas, primeiro se espera a morte e, apenas se sobreviver a ela, pode-se envelhecer. O processo de envelhecimento desse grupo é específico e pouco explorado no campo da gerontologia, que privilegia os gêneros normativos (Ramirez-Valles 2016;Siverskog 2014Siverskog , 2015 e, também, das sexualidades que focam majoritariamente nos estudos sobre gays e lésbi- O medo das marcas de envelhecimento no corpo, o sentimento precoce de velhice, a presença da morte e a falta de perspectivas para planejar o futuro relatados por Audrey Hepburn são elementos que caracterizam as especificidades do processo de envelhecimento das travestis e transexuais femininas, analisados por meio da interseccionalidade entre idade, gênero, sexualidade, classe e espaço (Collins 2000;Crenshaw 1991;Davis 2009;McCall 2005;Rodó--de-Zárate 2013. Além disso, as experiências interseccionais apresentam movimentos ao longo de suas existências, evidenciando os processos de ne- As entrevistas foram realizadas com base em dois eixos de perguntas. ...
... Moreover, though Srinivasan's focus is the anger of subordinated individuals, the worry she raises carries over to other negative emotions like shame and anxiety-for here too we find similar calls to replace fitting, but imprudent, emotions with something more productive. 6 In all these cases, the "conflict is not merely psychically painful; it is a genuine normative conflict, a conflict involving competing and significant goods that often feel incomparable" (Srinivasan 2018: 133;also, Lorde 1981;Collins 1990;Cherry 2018;McRae 2018;Archer & Mills 2019). This, in short, is the harm that comes when prescriptions for reform force marginalized individuals to choose between values they hold deeply. ...
A growing body of work argues that we should reform problematic emotions like anxiety, anger, and shame: doing this will allow us to better harness the contributions that these emotions can make to our agency and wellbeing. But feminist philosophers worry that prescriptions to correct these inappropriate emotions will only further marginalize women, minorities, and other members of subordinated groups. While much in these debates turns on empirical questions about how we can change problematic emotions for the better, to date, little has been done by either side to assess how we might correct problematic emotions, much less in ways that are responsive to the feminists’ worries. Drawing on research in cognitive science, this paper argues that though the feminists’ worries are real, the leading proposals for remedying them are inadequate. It then develops an alternative strategy for reshaping problematic emotions—one that’s sensitive to the feminists’ concerns.
... We coded these sources as community influences (Joseph et al., 2017) and the settings where these community influences were as structural disruptions (Joseph et al., 2017). We used an intersectionality lens (Collins & Bilge, 2016) to better understand how her salient identities (science, math, racial, and smart student) came into tension and where and how they showed up in the interpersonal, cultural, structural, and disciplinary domains of power (Collins, 2000(Collins, , 2009Collins & Bilge, 2016). We coded tensions among her identities when we saw she had moments of self-doubt and conflict among one or more of her identities (e.g., science and math identities or conflicts with racial and/or smart identities). ...
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) identity has become a popular lens in science education research. However, few studies have looked at how using the interpersonal, structural, cultural, and disciplinary domains of power sheds light on how women of color differently navigate the various cultures of formal and informal schooling as well as college science and math departments. This paper uses narrative inquiry methodology to examine how a young Black woman constructs science and math identities through stories about her previous experiences becoming a science and math person. By also framing it within intersectionality and employing a storied-identity lens, this study provides insight into how stories that shape identities inform her science and math identities. Specifically, this study looked at how she navigated the emotions and social experiences that fostered an interwoven storied science, math, and racial identity across different times, spaces, and settings. It highlights how a strong sense of belonging in her science and math trajectories was positively influenced through various sources and moments of recognition from community influences (e.g., family, peers, and faculty) and structural disruptions (e.g., the HBCU she attended and STEM camp). Despite negative emotions of self-doubt and frustration were present when her science, math, racial, and smart student identities came into conflict, she leveraged the positive emotions of joy and pride in her interwoven science and math storylines, which strengthened not only her science and math identities but also her racial identity. The study underscores the importance of leveraging counter-narratives of resilience as a resilience strategy but also practicing acceptance and self-compassion when navigating tensions between racial, science, math, and smart-student identities for women of color in STEM. The study's conclusions add to the call for structural changes within K-12 and higher education that are crucial for equity goals within STEM education.
... In black families in particular, mothers engage in socialization through the "police talk," or conversations that attempt to increase children's (primarily sons) awareness of their distinct vulnerability to harm while also equipping them to safely handle interactions with officers (Malone Gonzalez 2019). While black boys are often encouraged to shy away from or counter the controlling image of the thug through image and emotion management (Dow 2016, Stuart & Benezra 2018, black girls are taught to shield themselves from stereotypes of criminality and sexual promiscuity through respectability politics (Higginbotham 1993, Hill Collins 2000, Jones 2009, Malone Gonzalez 2020). Thus, strategies for surviving state-sanctioned violence, especially among the most marginalized, often depend on and emerge out of conversations with, and interactions among, family and kin. ...
Nearly a half-century ago, two scholars north and south of the US border called attention to the role played by reciprocity networks in poor peoples’ survival strategies. This article provides a synthetic picture of the qualitative research on those strategies, focusing not only on mutual aid networks but also on clientelist politics and popular protest. These are, we argue, oftentimes complementary ways of everyday problem-solving. Furthermore, most research on survival strategies has overlooked state and street violence as literal threats to poor people's daily survival. Our review systematically describes the individual and collective strategies poor residents use to navigate daily dangers. We advocate for the incorporation of personal safety into the study of poor people's survival strategies and identify as a promising research endeavor a simultaneous attention to ways of making ends meet and coping with interpersonal and state violence.
Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 48 is July 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
... However, in the case of Sweet Rush of Brides, without going to subtle and unconscious ways of legitimization, the explicit reaffirmation of patriarchy by many followers of the page reminds on Patricia Hill Collins' "matrix of domination" concept (2000). Following Collins (2000), due to the hegemonic domain power, subordinated groups -such as the women of Sweet Rush of Brides -follow the prevalent system of "commonsense" that support the right to rule by dominant groups -men, unseen husbands mentioned in the posts. The results from Sour Dictionary exhibits that not just the women from the community of Sweet Rush of Brides but even the female writers of Sour Dictionary fall into that targeting of women through online humor, to differentiate themselves from these women that they consider inferior to themselves. ...
This article examines online violence disguised as humor on Turkish digital media platforms. Online conversations from Sour Dictionary, a pioneer dictionary-platform, reveal how class, politics and gender inequalities intersect to reproduce power relations in digital media against non-paid domestic workers (housewives) being visible in Facebook. Drawing from the theoretical framework of intersectionality, the study shows that women are exposed to violence not just through the category of gender, while at the same time, the criticism and the violence interchange dynamically through the instrument of humor.
While sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations of the United States continue to grow, SGM representation in the physician workforce remains largely unknown. Efforts to recognize and address this issue may help address health disparities in SGM communities and produce more inclusive and positive learning environments for current and future generations of SGM-identifying physicians. This chapter aims to summarize the historical and current challenges impacting the SGM physician workforce, review the current landscape of SGM-focused education and training within undergraduate and graduate medical education, and discuss opportunities to address these barriers towards enhancing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the field of medicine, especially for those at the intersection of multiple, marginalized identities.
This research investigates the profound influence of Eurocentric beauty ideals, propagated predominantly through mainstream media, on the self-perception and body image of Moroccan women. Focusing on a sample of 134 females, the study examines how exposure to these ideals through media outlets, such as television, and social media impacts beauty and self-perception. The findings highlight several critical dynamics. Firstly, there is a significant negative correlation between high exposure and both self-esteem and body image, indicating that greater consumption of Western media is associated with lower self-esteem and more negative body image perceptions. Secondly, our research reveals that Moroccan women experience substantial pressure from social media as well as their inner circle to conform to certain beauty standards, which adversely affects their psychological health and perception of beauty. Finally, the study identifies age and education as significant moderators in how media exposure affects women, suggesting that these factors may offer some resilience against the negative impact of media. These insights underscore the need for a broader representation in media to foster healthier self-perceptions and challenge the dominance of Eurocentric beauty standards.
This study aims to examine the practice of mail order bride in Indonesia, a practice that involves the choice of Indonesian women who are below the poverty line. Using qualitative methods with secondary data sources and adopting liberal feminist theory, the findings of the analysis show that women involved in this practice tend to be influenced by economic conditions, patriarchal stigma, and lack of access to education. Despite the Indonesian government's efforts through collaboration with women's protection organizations, the complexity of the challenges faced by Indonesian women indicates the need for more concrete and comprehensive measures. Therefore, in order to confront this practice, the Government of Indonesia needs to strengthen the policies that address the root causes of the poverty line among women involved in mail order bride, and ensure equitable welfare for women across Indonesia.
This chapter looks at the interplay of women’s intersectional identities in the process leading to women’s suffrage. Women do not comprise a uniform group and diversity, division and identity often problematised women’s political agency. In the chapter, I adopt a case study approach, examining selected country case studies which are indicative of the effects of intersectionality on women’s suffrage. I also employ a feminist institutionalist angle looking at the gendered influence of institutions, including political structures. The chapter argues that apart from women’s gender identity, race and ethnic identities as well as nationalist and local identities held significant influence on the women’s suffrage in different countries. Where the cause of women’s suffrage received the support of political structures, it was mainly due to women’s ethnic, racial and national identities and the political support they could offer to the men of their communities. There was little focus on women’s rights and gender as the main identity.
In this article, we survey quotes, narratives, and theories of Black feminist scholars to provide some historical context of the Black feminist voice that challenged notions of achievable equity and elucidated the uniqueness of challenges relative to intersecting identities such as race and gender. The article delves into three Black feminist theories in adult educational studies to explore how core tenets of these particular theories could inform the development of an adult learning model. Next, we describe our proposed adult learning model based on a restorative justice structure centered in core concepts of the evolutionary voice of Black feminism.
This dissertation explores the internal cultures of (14) United States higher education boards from the perspectives of (18) Women of Color trustees. Guided by Critical Race Feminism, Intersectionality, and Organizational Culture Theory, the author develops a framework to study the impact of race and gender on historically underrepresented Women of Color Trustees. The counter-stories presented in this analysis inform how internalized behaviors, norms, and interactions of trustees reinforce racial and gender inequity on higher education boards. Moreover, the study poses the unique contributions of Women of Color trustees as leaders in higher education. This dissertation’s novelty comes from the lack of governance scholarship informed through the lens of Women of Color. The findings of the study contribute to the empirical and theoretical work in governance research and provide guidance for any Women of Color interested in the trusteeship.
L’auteure interroge le statut suspect et précaire de la « femme philosophe ». À travers la mise en écho de récits de philosophes et de théoriciennes identifiées comme femmes et queers, dans lesquels elles confient leur expérience personnelle de formation et de travail dans le milieu universitaire, l’auteure entend rendre compte des conditions de possibilités d’« être » une femme en philosophie et en théorie critique. Il apparaît que les questions identitaires sexuelles et raciales déterminent la place que ces théoriciennes occupent dans l’institution et constituent les cadres épistémologiques de leur travail et leur pensée en tant que philosophes et intellectuelles. Dès lors, il importe de repenser la discipline philosophique à travers les paradigmes de féminisation et de sexualisation afin d’imaginer de nouvelles épistémologies féministes.
As a guiding critical research epistemology, Feminist Standpoint Theory (FST) combines the idea that all knowledge is situated with a claim that some sociocultural locations provide opportunities to develop epistemically advantaged knowledge about overarching systems of power. FST thus represents a framework for uniting researchers and participants in coalitions of solidarity to decolonialize traditions of knowledge and research that assume researchers are objective observers. In this paper, we discuss how FST research methodologies can offer counseling psychologists a nuanced systemic and intersectional lens to better situate each person and their lived experiences, and in turn, develop collaborative, meaningful social justice-oriented advocacy and interventions across individual and community spheres. Accordingly, in Part I, we argue that an FST lens can shape counseling psychologists’ approach to research. In Part II, we then discuss how this consequently influences clinical approaches that require engagement of a psychological lens to attend to the lived experiences of vulnerable groups.
Feminist and gender critical biblical scholarship has shown how texts ideologically function as products of their ancient social and cultural norms. In my dissertation work on Pauline texts, through isolating the ideological component of socio-rhetorical-interpretation, I demonstrated how these texts are “ideologically textured” within their ancient social context. In this article, I bring a combination of approaches from ideological criticism and theoretical insights from feminist criticism to bear on both the biblical text of 1 Timothy 2:8–15 and contemporary interpretations of this text. The latter is exemplified by the conservative Christian blogger, “The Transformed Wife.” Beginning with an examination of how both Paul and the blogger establish authority amongst believing communities, I then interrogate three areas of focus within their ideological purview: modesty, authority, and childbearing. I conclude that (con)texturing (a taxonomy of approaches that I propose which reads for ideological texture within text and context) provides a productive way to engage with the enduring influence of biblical texts and their harmful interpretations for wo/men.
The gendering of technology-related work and education has spurred a lively debate. While the majority of research assumes that women and minority ethnic groups are under-represented in technology, there is a lack of research on their typical paths and positions in vocational technology education. This intersectional study examines students’ experiences of dental technology, which is a women-dominated study programme in which minority ethnic groups are also well represented. The article identifies a key discourse that the interviewees use in distinguishing dental technology from men-dominated technology education: describing it as detailed work done with one’s hands. The study strengthens existing research on the gendering of technology by providing the first vocational school-based example of how the feminine qualities associated with certain technologies can create a space for feminine identities in technology while simultaneously limiting the technological study programmes considered by women. The study further complements existing research through its intersectional approach, by showing that although feminine images associated with some technology education programmes can attract many women to study these subjects, minority ethnic students might be later excluded from working in related vocations.
Critics have faulted the project of general psychology for conceptions of general truth that (1) emphasize basic processes abstracted from context and (2) rest on a narrow foundation of research among people in enclaves of Eurocentric modernity. Informed by these critiques, we propose decolonial perspectives as a new scholarly imaginary for general psychology Otherwise. Whereas hegemonic articulations of general psychology tend to ignore life in majority-world communities as something peripheral to its knowledge project, decolonial perspectives regard these communities as a privileged site for general understanding. Indeed, the epistemic standpoint of such communities is especially useful for understanding the coloniality inherent in modern individualist lifeways and the fundamental relationality of human existence. Similarly, whereas hegemonic articulations of general psychology tend to impose particular Eurocentric forms masquerading as general laws, the decolonial vision for general psychology Otherwise exchanges the universalized particular for a more pluralistic (or pluriversal) general.
The last few decades have seen legal, social, and scientific discourses on lesbian‐parent families change dramatically. Although they had been subject to complete exclusion, these families are increasingly being included in several countries. However, this inclusion varies depending on the national context, which is particularly significant in terms of legal recognition. This article reports on the results of research that looked at the experiences of motherhood in lesbian‐parent families, specifically the experiences of lesbian/queer and/or trans non‐birthing parents in three different national contexts, namely, Québec, France, and Switzerland. As mothers in Switzerland and France do not necessarily benefit from legal recognition of their parental status from the birth of their child (ren), this article will highlight the different strategies they put in place to articulate their motherhood. It will present the ways in which certain legal and social contexts reinforce biological motherhood to the detriment of the mother who has not given birth. In some cases, particularly during a separation of the couple, the mother who has not benefited from legal recognition of her parental status is restricted in her ability to claim her maternity because of a legislative framework that prioritizes the biological mother. This comparative study allows us to better understand how lesbian non‐birthing mothers living in different legal and social contexts think about and articulate their maternity as well as the possibilities they have (or have not) to create their family and develop their maternal identity.
Neoliberal discourse about achievement impacts our cultural expectations for how people on welfare “should” feel regarding work, motivation, and shame. In this paper, we build on the literature on emotions, work, and inequality by examining the embeddedness of feeling rules in welfare‐to‐work programs. We analyze interviews with Ohio Works First cash assistance program managers in Ohio counties ( n = 69) to understand how managers emphasize emotional displays that make clients more desirable to employers. We argue that welfare‐to‐work county managers value emotional capital based in the neoliberal and paternal ideologies of the State. We find that welfare managers use emotion rules to (1) emphasize pride and the role of emotional capital in workplace success and (2) invoke shame to discourage workplace failure. By emphasizing emotional capital as a pathway to success, Ohio Works First managers underplay structural factors contributing to poverty and social mobility.
This study reflects on the predicament of the young Tharu Kamalri women after their legal
emancipation in 2013, who had formerly been subjected to be the victims of bonded servitude in the name of the Kamlari system prevailing in Dang district of western Nepal. This study presents and analyses the accounts of the lives of young Kamlari women during their years in servitude, along with their experiences after they gained freedom. The freedom they obtained did not always bring the changes they expected. This study assumes that the much awaited freedom could not overcome the legacy of the evils of bonded servitude that existed from historical times, specifically, victimizing the young women of Tharu indigenous community. This study seeks to examine how the historical and systemic injustice and the socio-economic disparity occurred on a multidimensional basis, specifically victimizing the young Tharu women, forcing them to enter into bondage, thus continuing their oppression. While doing so, this study incorporates the theory of intersectionality to explore how the young Tharu women have been forced to be victims of bonded servitude owing to the intersection of multiple oppressions based on their ethnicity, class and gender.
Science education faculty occupy a unique position allowing us to advocate across multiple stakeholders for all students to access science learning and careers. As an immigrant woman of color entering the tenure track in 2016 whose scholarship centers on this advocacy, I find myself frequently reaching for good and critical theories to grow into an academic increasingly secure in her intellectual positions and pedagogical choices. Framed by the concepts of identity and ontological security, this paper uses counter storytelling to discuss the reciprocity between theoretically informed academic actions and my development of ontological security as a critical academic in science education. The discussion highlights the importance of this reciprocity in enabling my sustained advancement of a critical body of scholarship in research and teaching over time. The relatively positive perspective I discuss juxtaposes against a cross-section of contexts and events with potential to disaffirm my scholarship and right to belong in academia. My hope is academics who share some of my lived experiences use these stories—as I have used the stories shared by others—as one source of support on their journey to finding a secure, unified academic identity; an identity freeing them to engage with stakeholders in ways that affirm the value of their critical scholarship in the academy.
This Black Lives Matter! Special Issue uses diverse methods to examine how multiple systems of oppression at different levels (individual, institutional, and structural) affect Black youth. Through an intersectionality lens, scholars examine how gender, sexual orientation, skin tone, and socioeconomic status create unique experiences for Black youth. Collectively, the 17 papers address the sweeping impact of racism and other systems of oppression on Black youth by examining structural factors (e.g., policing), interpersonal experiences (e.g., teacher–student), and developmental processes (e.g., socialization). Commentaries provide a historical view and future perspective to contextualize how far we have come and how much farther we need to go in our quest to combat racism and other systems of oppression and improve the lives of Black adolescents.
Fair skin in India is glorified to such an extent that, it serves to be a symbolisation of economic and social prosperity. With roots intertwined with cultural history, caste system and colonialism, colourism has a deep socio-historical connection. Post-liberalisation, numerous brands tried to penetrate the Indian market with their secret ingredients, but Fair and Lovely dominated the industry as they mirrored women’s desire to be included in the society. Colourism is a distressingly persistent phenomenon and one that advertising agencies exploit today. This study seeks to examine the cultural politics of appearance in television commercials, western ideals of beauty and its effect on the Indian women measured against them. As part of this debate, the dynamics of diasporic consciousness, oppression, residual colonialism and their entanglement in the Indian cultural system of distinction are also analysed.
The study was conducted using qualitative interviews - focus group discussions and personal interviews -alongside a semiotic analysis of Fair and Lovely advertisements. The data is collected from residents of Ahmedabad, Chennai, Mumbai and Bangalore. The findings of this study reveal that cultural standards of beauty in India are now widening and flouting Western standards gradually. It explores the current mindsets of contemporary beauty consumers and the challenges that they faced while tackling the fairness paradigm in India.
The purpose of our scholarly personal narrative was to examine how COVID-19 and an increased awareness of anti-Blackness in the United States have exacerbated our labor as Black women faculty, with particular focus on teaching and service responsibilities. Dill and Zambrana's (2009) four theoretical interventions of intersectionality guided our study, and we situated our composite narratives within structural, disciplinary, hegemonic, and interpersonal power domains. Our four composite narratives included (1) Interest convergence, there is no real true investment in change; (2) Institutional intent versus impact, I don't know how it will be incorporated; (3) Perpetuation of Black women's labor, just because it don't look heavy, don't mean it ain't; and (4) Reclaiming my time, and it's not because I don't like them, but it's because I love me. Implications for practice and policy are discussed.
Por meio de uma etnografia entre famílias mbya guarani residentes em
áreas indígenas localizadas no extremo oeste paranaense, no Brasil, na Terra
Indígena Itamarã, tematizo a construção dos corpos guarani trazendo à tona
elementos paradigmáticos de sua cosmovisão acerca da vida, das divindades,
do parentesco e dos processos vitais.
Argumentarei, ao longo do texto, que fazer do comportamento alimentar
humano inteligível para outros humanos implica na realização do ato alimen�tar compartilhado, que é a comensalidade, pressupondo que deste impulso
alimentar primordial deriva uma invasão da cultura nos domínios da natureza.
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