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One Thousand Penises: Working with Adolescent Groups
... Carson also posits, "The use of techniques that allow clients to create and express themselves in nonverbal ways are often less threatening and can facilitate an understanding of clients' strengths as well as their weaknesses and conflicts" (Carson, 1999, p. 328). The idea of using non-verbal means of creation and expression is a core tenet in the field of art therapy (Rubin, 2010;Unger, 1995). ...
... Permission in art therapy means helping a client to work past misconceptions that creativity is only for some people, inspiring the client to engage creatively, and allowing for art making, free of censorship (Henley, 1999;Unger, 1995). Since there is no right or wrong way to be creative in art, the potential for benefit is reason enough to engage a client's creative abilities (Unger, 1995). ...
... Permission in art therapy means helping a client to work past misconceptions that creativity is only for some people, inspiring the client to engage creatively, and allowing for art making, free of censorship (Henley, 1999;Unger, 1995). Since there is no right or wrong way to be creative in art, the potential for benefit is reason enough to engage a client's creative abilities (Unger, 1995). There are some circumstances in which increasing the creative abilities in clients is a reasonable and appropriate goal. ...
Art therapists help to access and awaken their clients' personal, latent creativity by promoting art making by the client (Snyder, 1997). Art Therapists aid clients by re-establishing creative thought and flow. They encourage the use of art materials, assist with the engagement in the art-making processes, and facilitate reflection on art made in the context of psychotherapy (Lombardi, 2014). Exercising creativity in therapy is an effective way to develop problem-solving and original thinking approaches, and it ultimately enables clients to generalize these skills towards other areas of life (Lowenfeld & Brittain, 1987). It is not uncommon for people to lose touch with creativity as a result of coping with life stressors, transitions or trauma. Through engagement with art making in art therapy, clients can potentially address psychological blockages that might inhibit or prevent access to creative thinking.
Ice hockey can be a violent sport as evidenced by the fighting among the members of an ice hockey team of 13-year-old boys from mixed racial and socioeconomic backgrounds. Two series of eight art sessions were used to help the boys develop respect for themselves and others, to solve conflicts without combat, and to build more positive interpersonal relations. Through the art experience, the boys expressed their feelings and came to know one another in a more gentle and reflective way than on the ice and in the locker room. Their relationships with their coaches became more respectful as well. The coaches noted less fighting and more cooperation during practice and games, and the parents reported improved behavior at home as well. The Hockey/Art Alliance has been developed to be a model program that can be used by other groups in various settings.
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