Article

A Study on Impeding Factors of Venture Firms in Daedeok Valley

August 2004

Authors:

Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology

Technical University of Denmark

This study analyzed the impeding factors faced by venture firms in Daedeok Valley. Initially, the key success factors, including technology level, marketing strategy, network, organization structure, and fund procurement, have been derived from previous literatures. CEOs of 21 venture firms have been surveyed across these key success factors. By carrying out factor analysis, it was found that the general problems faced by venture firms lay in financing, marketing, and networking. In particular, analysis of detailed key success factor indicated that the most critical problems were limited financing opportunities, R&D centered firm strategy, and limited cooperation with research and academic institutes. Based on such findings, policies such as sufficient financing from the government via venture capitals and strong binding of industrial-academic-research complex have been proposed.

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Article

Economic impact assessment of public-private matching fund programs using firm-level data

September 2015 · The Singapore Economic Review

In the intermediate goods industry, largely made up of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), a government can use a matching fund to execute policies that, for example, provide funds to promote and support firms' innovative activities. This study performs an empirical analysis to investigate the additional effects when a government uses a matching fund in this way and, in particular, to analyze ... [Show full abstract] the growth of firms. Methodologically, to deal with the selectivity issue, we adopt a propensity score matching (PSM) estimator. We also investigate the performance of the matching fund according to changes in private shares. Our findings show that supported firms invested larger amounts in R&D and procured external financing through an overall improvement in their level of reliability. However, the results also show that this was not connected to further improvements in business performance. Moreover, although our results show some positive impact on assets and R&D expenditure from private investment in the matching fund, the relationship between sales and fixed assets was non-significant.

Article

Architectural profession in India: perception towards service marketing

August 2017 · Journal of Engineering Design and Technology

Purpose Spurred by the internationalization trend, many architectural professional bodies across the globe relaxed their norms related to the acceptance of promotion and marketing within the services. However, in India, the architectural services codes have not reflected any changes. This paper aims to focus on Indian architectural practice and attempts to investigate about the causes of low ... [Show full abstract] marketing activities within the practice in the country. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a primary research process of data collection through survey administration. Survey is conducted using a close-ended structured questionnaire based on Likert scale technique. The data are analysed using both descriptive and empirical research techniques mainly, factor analysis. The sample is defined using random clustering sampling technique, from the list of architects registered with the professional regulating body of India, i.e. the Council of Architecture. Findings The findings of the study are suggestive that architectural firms in India are instinctively practising marketing-related activities, to position their firm to attract clients without formally adopting them. There appears to be a silent routinization of the marketing tasks in the firms. The findings are suggestive of academic and professional ignorance as one of the barriers towards marketing. The findings advocate that recognizing the growing competitive nature of architectural practices in the country, the regulatory and institutional body, Council of Architecture, may retrospect their code of conduct. The results of the present study have a great implication on the architectural education in the country. The findings advocate that the architectural curriculum in the country should be broadened to include the basic knowledge about marketing. Research limitations/implications The present study opens a newer paradigm in the practice of architectural services. It highlights the growing linkages between the field of marketing and architecture. It opens a new area of research where linkages between interdisciplinary fields is an important aspect that needs researchers attention, to have a good model of survival for professional firms in a highly competitive environment. Practical implications The research findings have great implications for the architectural firms that seek to operate in the globally volatile environment. The increasing competitive nature of the architectural services in India demands a dynamic decision and procurement methods that can strategically position firms in the market. Marketing strategies have a significant role in positioning firms and increasing their client base. Originality/value The subject of architectural practice and its operation is an under-researched area. The present study makes a strong point for formal involvement of marketing strategies in the promotion of architectural firms in India. The paper attempts to bridge this gap, and the strength of the paper lies in the empirical nature of its investigation.

Technical Report

Full-text available

INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON OF RTDI SUPPORT MEASURES

July 2012

R&D support is in most EU-regions connected to specific pratical & local requirements. Funding agencies are confronted with a number of dilemma’s and crucial choices for the future. The Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT) is the main agency for administering and delivering industrial R&D and innovation support in Flanders. IWT provides funding, advice and access to a network of ... [Show full abstract] potential partners (R&D and innovation support) in Flanders and abroad. In particular, IWT supports R&D and innovation through the following main activities: Funding: financing innovative projects of companies, research centres, collective research initiatives, organisations and individuals; Advice and services: support to all Flemish companies and research centres by helping these during their applications, or providing technological advice during their innovative projects; Co-ordination and networking: stimulating co-operation by bringing innovative companies and research centres in contact with Flemish intermediate organisations that stimulate innovation; Policy development: supporting the Flemish Government in its innovation policy. This study makes an inventory of the objectives & modalities of direct RTDI support measures in a number of EU regions and identifies trends and issues related to funding modalities. R&D support in Member States faces quite a number of ‘pressures’ related to increasing internationalisation and the importance of R&D cooperation (for example in the context of the EU 2020 and the European Research Area, and Flagship Initiative “Innovation Union”) and economic return as a result of stand-alone policy developments, and perhaps also the effects of the recent economic fluctuation and decline. The latter is expected to lead to a further prioritisation in favour of national and regional advantage. These pressures, confront IWT and other funding agencies with a number of dilemma’s and crucial future choices.

Article

The technology policy experiment as a policy research tool

February 1985 · Research Policy

Gregory Tassey

The use of experimentation as a policy change tool is described and assessed, based on the experience of the Experimental Technology Incentives Program (ETIP). ETIP conducted innovation-related policy experiments with U.S. government agencies in the areas of regulation, procurement, venture capital, R&D funding, and technology commercialization. A case study of a policy experiment with new ... [Show full abstract] analytical and institutional procedures for monitoring the impacts of venture capital market regulations is used to show how the policy experiment can provide an iterative and low-risk, low-cost approach to policy change. Equally important, instututionalization of the procedures for monitoring existing policies and the provision of decision-relevant information are shown to be important benefits from policy experimentation in the context of the overall policy change process. The reasons behind ETIP's termination after 10 years of operation are themselves important lessons for institutions involved in the development and management of industry growth policies.

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UK MoD throws open challenge to industry

October 2006

The UK Ministry of Defense (MoD) has published its research and development (R & D) priorities for encourage international collaboration. The Defense Technology Strategy (DTS), launched by Defense Procurement MInister, states the MoD's priorities for R & D and funding. The MoD has also planned to start a US Defense Advanced Research Projects type system to detect, identify, monitor and report a ... [Show full abstract] range of physical threats in a complex urban environment. The MoD has also planned to introduce an Internet-based 'Competition of Ideas' process to encourage responses from the widest range of suppliers. The scheme will need a budget of GBP10 million and will initially focus on new research in prediction, protection, object recognition and networking. The government has set to raise the national investment in R & Dto 2.5 % by 2014 but it has been urged to increase the budget by 25 %.

Conference Paper

Chinese Enterprises' R&D Funds Management Capability Measure: Index System

May 2010

In this paper, we propose an index system to measure enterprise R&D funds management capability, use factor analysis models to define the main factors which determine the impact of corporate R&D funds management capabilities. This system is used to empirically analyze R&D funds management situation of medium-sized enterprises of China from 1991 to 2007, and provide them some effective strategies ... [Show full abstract] to improve their technical innovation ability.

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DoD Cost of War Reporting of Supplemental Funds Provided for Procurement and Research, Development,...

February 2009

Richard B. Jolliffe

We reviewed the processes that comptroller personnel in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Defense Finance and Accounting Service-Indianapolis (DFAS-IN) used to prepare sections of the cost of war report pertaining to procurement and research, development, test, and evaluation funds to determine whether management effectively prepared those reports. ... [Show full abstract] We determined that the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Comptroller)/DoD Chief Financial Officer [USD(C)/CFO] needs to improve its controls over the DoD Components' cost of war reporting process to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of obligation information reported in the "Department of Defense (DoD) Supplemental and Cost of War Execution Report" for procurement and research, development, test, and evaluation funds. Specifically, the USD(C)/CFO did not ensure that the DoD Components and subordinate reporting entities developed and issued standard operating procedures and other supplemental guidance on contingency cost reporting, verified reported cost data, and submitted affirmation statements. We recommend that the USD(C)/CFO verify that the DoD Components and subordinate reporting entities have developed and issued standard operating procedures and ensure that the standard operating procedures reiterate the requirement to include affirmation statements with their cost of war data; require the DoD Components and subordinate reporting entities to verify that their cost data are accurate, complete, supportable, and properly affirmed; and require DFAS-IN to ensure the submission of affirmation statements that accompany the monthly cost statements and associated analysis.

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Strategic planning III: Objectives and program options

December 1973 · Technological Forecasting and Social Change

William L. Swager

This series of papers deals with technological forecasting in strategic planning. In the first paper the author examines forecasting and planning as a process, identifying five roles of forecasting (1) Identifying policy options; (2) Aiding strategy formulation; (3) Identifying program options; (4) Selecting programs for funding, and (5) Selecting opportunities for funding. The subsequent papers ... [Show full abstract] deal primarily with the first and third roles.The second paper of the series describes perspective trees—a form of relevance tree—for identifying policy options. A perspective tree is used to interrelate sets of social, economic, political, and technological forecasts that pote threats and present opportunities for strategic consideration.The third paper of the series describes the use of objective trees in structuring program options for selected strategies. R&D programs as well as marketing and other functional business programs are structured—clarifying options for the decision-making process.

Article

Full-text available

The procurement of innovation by the U.S. government

August 2019 · PLOS One

The U.S. government invests more than $50 billion per year in R&D procurement but we know little about the outcomes of these investments. We have traced all the patents arising from government funding since the year 2000. About 1.5 percent of all R&D procurement contracts have led to at least one patent for a total of about 13,000 patents. However, contracts connected to patents account for 36 ... [Show full abstract] per cent of overall contract value. The gestation lag from the signing date of the contract to the patent filing is on average 33 months and does not depend on the type of R&D performed. Patents that are produced faster also seem to be more valuable. We find strong decreasing returns to contract size. Conditional on generating at least one patent, a 1-percent increase in the size of an R&D contract is associated with 0.12 percent more patents.

Article

Some Thoughts on the Future of School Counselling

January 1993

Beverly Mustaine

Unless school counselors are perceived to be a vital part of the educational process, external support for guidance services will be withdrawn and funding will be dramatically reduced. School restructuring and School Site Management are discussed as opportunities for counselors to redefine and clarify their roles; marketing strategies are presented to increase feasibility. (Author/LKS)

Conference Paper

Study on the evaluation of technology innovation performance of equipment manufacturing industry bas...

November 2013

With the rapid growth of the total economy, opening up to the outside world and the degree of internationalization of increasing technological competition is more intense, requiring the dominant position of prominent enterprises' technological innovation, faster technological catch-up. Although the equipment manufacturing enterprises continued to increase the R&D investment that greatly enhance ... [Show full abstract] the technological innovation capability, there are still some outstanding problems which need an analysis in the main influential factors of technological innovation performance. This study is based on input-output perspective, building the equipment manufacturing technological innovation performance evaluation index system, and use factor analysis to find out the main factors of technological innovation performance of Shaanxi's equipment manufacturing industry. Evaluate the technological innovation capability and performance, and put forward some useful suggestions.

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Electric vehicle (EV) manufacturers' challenge: R&D strategy of battery safety units seen in WIPO da...

July 2013

Yutaka Nakai

Electric vehicle (EV) is regarded as one of the most practical and effective solution for air pollution. Besides higher price and shorter cruising range, battery safety is key obstacle for its market expansion. In this thesis, analysis of corporate strategy of companies from three Asian nations by using WIPO data to show several companies will face safety restriction and have limit in procuring ... [Show full abstract] safe batteries.