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Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Seabuckthorn Oil: A Review
Abstract
Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae) also known as seabuckthorn, is a thorny, deciduous, temperate bush plant native to European and Asian countries. In India, it is widely distributed at high altitude, cold arid condition of Ladakh (Leh and Kargil), Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. H. rhamnoides has been used for the treatment of several diseases in traditional medicine in various countries throughout world. In Ladakh, the Sowa Rigpa system (Amchi System of medicine) has been using the plant parts in different herbal formulations. However, more scientific data is needed to support the various health claims. The various in vivo study of seabuckthorn oil reported to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-ulcer properties and hepatoprotective. Seabuckthorn oil is a unique source of high valued oils emphasizing its potential as a dietary and medicinal supplement and has become noted for its generally high levels of nutritionally and medicinally important components. The major unsaturated fatty acids were linolenic acid (omega-3) (20-23%), linoleic acid (omega-6) (40-43%), oleic acid (omega-9) (19-22%) and palmitoleic acid (1-3%) while the major saturated fatty acid contents were palmitic acid (7-9%), stearic acid (3-4%) in seed oil. Seabuckthorn pulp oil contains approximately 65% combined of the monounsaturated fatty acid and the saturated fatty acid. Both the seed and pulp oils are rich in Vitamin-E and β-Sitosterol. In addition, the pulp oil contains especially high levels of carotenoids. This ancient plant with its powerful and healing synergies has much to contribute to the livelihoods of high mountain people by utilizing this kind of hidden treasure of the Himalayas. In this review discusses on traditional use, phy to chemistry and pharmacological data of the seabuckthorn oil.
... This wide range of active ingredients present in HR has been used effectively in the cosmetics industry as well as in medicine. The most studied product of HR is its oils [4], dried fruit pulp and berry residues yielding 8%-20%, 20%-25% and 15%-20% of oil, respectively [6]. The valuable substances present in the oil of HR are responsible for healthy and beautiful skin as well as for the proper functioning of the human body [1,7]. ...
... Michel et al. [37] have been performed the antimicrobial, antioxidant and phytochemical investigations (by HPTLC-method) of HR leaves, stems, roots and seeds. The content of polyphenols in the fruits and leaves of HR has been studied by HPLCmethod in several studies [1,6,8,17,18,20,21,[23][24][25][26][27]34] but not performed yet in all parts of the plant. ...
The fruits of the Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) are a popular plant food and a valuable health pro-duct. Cultivating of plants produces a lot of leaves with fine branches as an unnecessary residue, which need valor-ization. The aim of the study was to estimate (by HPLC-MS/MS) the qualitative and quantitative content ofpolyphenolic compounds in different parts of H. rhamnoides (HR), and to determine the level of antioxidantactivity of leaves and fruits (by DPPH, ABTS methods and ferrozine test). Up to 19 compounds were identifiedin different parts of HR. The fruits are rich in flavonoids, including various glycosides of flavonols isorhamnetin,quercetin, and kaempferol. Two isorhamnetin glycosides were not identified in the leaves, while isorhamnetin-3-rhamnosylglactosides and the ellagitannins hippophaenin B, stachyurin and casuarinin were present only in theleaves of the plant. The bark and roots contained considerably more catechins, but minimal flavonols than thefruits and leaves of HR. The total phenolics and flavonols were most abundant in water infusions from leavesof HR (especially quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside), compared to methanolic extracts. No significant dif-ferences in the quantitative and qualitative content of the fresh and dried leaves were detected. The highest anti-oxidant activity by all three methods was detected in the leaves of HR. In addition to the fruits, the leaves mayhave a perspective as a source of biologically active substances of HR.
(1) (PDF) Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373581010_Polyphenolic_Compounds_and_Antioxidant_Activity_of_Sea_Buckthorn_Hippophae_rhamnoides_L [accessed Sep 01 2023].
... Other research and scientific studies report that carotenoid content in sea buckthorn is in the range of 11-26.6 mg/100g [39], 6-28 mg/100g [39], 19.7 mg/100g [40], 242.0-325.0 mg/100g [40,41]. ...
... Other research and scientific studies report that carotenoid content in sea buckthorn is in the range of 11-26.6 mg/100g [39], 6-28 mg/100g [39], 19.7 mg/100g [40], 242.0-325.0 mg/100g [40,41]. ...
Due to the content of biologically active substances, sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is of growing interest to scientists, the food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetology and consumers. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the chemical composition (Carotenoid content (CC), Ascorbic acid content (AAC), Total dry matters (TDM), Titratable acidity (TA), pH, Organic acids (OA)) and the Antibacterial effect (AA) (Diameter of the inhibition zone in mm of Bacillus pumilus) of four species of sea buckthorn (Clara, Dora, Cora, Mara), cultivated in the Republic of Moldova. The sea buckthorn species tested was found to have a different Carotenoid content (1.79±0.43 … 48.92±0.61 mg/100g), Ascorbic acid content (74.36±0.60 … 373.38±2.29 mg/100g), Organic acids (malic acid 5.8±0.02 ... 13.4±0.01 mg/100g, citric acid 0.08±0.00 ... 0.32±0.01 mg/100g, succinic acid 0.03±0.00 ... 1.1±0.00 mg/100g), Total dry matters (16.71±0.05 … 24.54±0.09 %), Total acidity (2.15±0.05 ... 8.76±0.00 %), and pH value (2.73±0.02 ... 3.00±0.07). The microbial activity of sea buckthorn, evaluated by the diameter of the inhibition zone, constituted for Bacillus pumilus (3.70…15.91mm/g-1 for whole sea buckthorn fruits and respectively 13.33…26.67 mm/g-1 for sea buckthorn puree).
... Moreover, 65-80% of the lipids are essential polyunsaturated acids. The sea buckthorn's biologically active lipophilic components (tocopherols and carotenoids) are dissolved in the lipids of the fruits (sea buckthorn oil) [13,14]. ...
... There are many studies on the composition and properties of sea buckthorn varieties [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]43] and plant phospholipids obtained from various sources [30][31][32][33][34]39]. However, the content of biologically active metabolites in plants depends not only on the species, but also on the variety, and local geographical and climatic conditions. ...
The current trend in dietary supplements and functional foods is the use of lipophilic bioactive compounds. The sea buckthorn (Hippóphae rhamnoídes) contains some such compounds: polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols, and carotenoids. Lipophilic components are best distributed using oil-in-water emulsions, which ensures their high bioavailability. A significant property of emulsions is colloidal and oxidative stability, so the choice of emulsifiers that have both surface-active properties and antioxidant activity is an important area of research for making new types of food emulsions. The purpose of this study is the development and refinement of an emulsified biologically active food additive containing sea buckthorn products (pulp, juice, and oil) and stabilized with soy phospholipids. We studied the fruits of Chuyskaya, Orange, and Prevoskhodnaya sea buckthorn varieties growing in the Altai Territory. As we analyzed their composition, we chose the Chuyskaya variety for making the emulsion. The fruits contain 5.30 ± 0.1% of lipids including 16.8 ± 0.5 mg/100 g of carotenoids and 10.5 ± 0.5 mg/100 g of tocopherols. To choose the emulsifier we studied the fractional and fatty acid composition of the soy and sunflower phospholipids with different hydrophilic-lipophilic balances (HLB). We made the emulsions containing sea buckthorn oil and pulp of its different layers, soybean oil, and phospholipids by dispersion using an HG-15D homogenizer. The study of the colloidal stability showed that the most stable (99.5%) are the emulsions containing a mixture of hydrolyzed soybean phospholipids (HLB = 7) and fractionated soybean phospholipids (HLB = 3). The best ratio is 40:60. We examined the oxidative stability of the emulsions by provoking accelerated oxidation. The emulsions containing 1.5% of a soy phospholipids mixture showed the best oxidative stability. The resulting direct oil-in-water fine emulsion contains polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), tocopherols, β-carotene, and essential phospholipids. For this reason, the emulsion can be used to make biologically active food supplements (also encapsulated) and as part of special nutrients.
... Sea buckthorn fruits, leaves, oil and other products are a source of many bioactive substances, including phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, i.e. rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, or myricetin [6], vitamins (tocopherols, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, folate, vitamins B 1 , B 2 and K), proteins, amino acids and minerals (Fe, Ca, P and K) [2,14,24,59]. In addition, the plant contains organic acids (quinic acid, malic acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid) [5,20], fatty acids, especially unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid) and phytosterols [5,32]. The main group of phenolic compounds are flavonols, a group of flavonoids that have been identified in fruits, with an average content of 311.5 mg/100 g fresh weight [46]. ...
Background. Sea buckthorn contains almost 200 nutrients and bioactive substances, including phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, vitamins, proteins, amino acids, minerals, alkaloids, chlorophyll derivatives, amines, organic acids, fatty acids and phytosterols. Human and animal studies suggest that sea buckthorn may have a variety of beneficial effects: cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral and antiinflammatory.
Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of regular consumption of 100% sea buckthorn juice on the risk factors of cardiovascular diseases in women of productive age with hypercholesterolemia.
Material and Methods. A clinical study involved 19 women with a mean age of 54.06 ±2.97 years who consumed 50 mL of sea buckthorn juice daily for 8 weeks. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters in blood serum were monitored before the start of sea buckthorn consumption and after 8 weeks of consumption. Body composition was determined using an multifrequency analyzer InBody720. Routine biochemical analyzes were performed by standard methods in an accredited laboratory of the University Hospital by automatic biochemical analyzer BioMajesty JCA-BM6010/C.
Statistical comparison between individual measurements was performed using a paired t-test, using Statistica Cz version 10 (TIBCO Software, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA).
Results. We observed significant decrease of body weight, body mass index (P
... Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a thorny shrub that grows widely on the sea and river coasts of Kyrgyzstan. All parts of sea buckthorn contain about 200 bioactive components, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, fatty and organic acids, fats, vitamins (A, E, K, C, B1, and B2), amino acids, terpenes, tannins, and microelements (Kumar et al., 2011). Sea buckthorn is recommended for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases due to its high polyphenol content (Cheng et al., 2003;Skalski et al., 2019). ...
In this study, the bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and physical parameters of wild sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) and hawthorn (Crataegus songarica) naturally occurring in walnut-fruit forests were investigated for the first time and documented in a national food composition database. Standard food analysis techniques were used to determine the nutritional parameters and physical attributes. DPPH assay was used for the determination of antioxidant activity. The vitamin C content of the fresh sea buckthorn was on average 181.9 mg 100g-1, while in hawthorn 43.34 mg 100g-1. Hawthorn has a high amount of total phenolic compounds of 669.57 mg 100g-1 of fresh weight. The antioxidant activity of sea buckthorn and hawthorn was found at 3.8 µg mL-1 and 2.5 µg mL-1, respectively. The measured physical attributes and chemical composition of these fruits are essential to promote the use of these products for enhancing food security and the cosmetic industry and medicine.
... Plody, listy, olej a ďalšie produkty z rakytníka sú zdrojom mnohých bioaktívnych látok vrátane fenolických zlúčenín, ako sú flavonoidy, t. j. rutín, kvercetín, kaempferol, či myricetín (Christaki, 2012), vitamíny (tokoferoly, karotenoidy, kyselina askorbová, folát, vitamíny B1, B2 a K), proteíny, aminokyseliny a minerály (Fe, Ca, P a K) (Bekker and Glushenkova, 2001;Gao et al., 2001;Zeb, 2004;Malinowska and Olas, 2016). Okrem toho rastlina obsahuje organické kyseliny (kyselina chinová, kyselina jablčná, kyselina šťaveľová a kyselina vínna) (Chong et al., 2010;Kumar et al., 2011), mastné kyseliny, najmä nenasýtené mastné kyseliny (kyselina olejová, kyselina linolová, kyselina linolénová) a fytosteroly (Chong et al., 2010;Patel et al., 2012). Hlavnou skupinou fenolových zlúčenín sú flavonoly, skupina flavonoidov, ktorá bola identifikovaná v ovocí, s priemerným obsahom 311,5 mg/100 g čerstvej hmotnosti (Teleszko et al., 2015). ...
Scientific articles deal with hygiene and food technology
... Extracts of sea buckthorn oil, pulp chunks, and leaves have been shown to have therapeutic properties (Teleszko et al. 2015). In ancient China, this plant was used to cure coughs, fevers, gynaecological problems, and metabolic and circulatory abnormalities (Russia 2011). Sea buckthorn berries contain an impressive quantity of polyphenols, particularly flavanols. ...
Sea buckthorn, Hippophae rhamnoides, is a renowned fruit in Chinese traditional medicine. The plant contains a massive number of polyphenols, phytochemicals like vitamin C, flavonoids and carotenoids which act as antioxidants and effective against ailments like cold, cough, inflammation, aging and cancer. Yogurt is an ancient fermented milk product and has been using for nutritional purposes. The current study evaluated the antioxidant potential of sea buckthorn pulp (SP) and shelf life and physicochemical characteristics of supplemented yogurt with sea buckthorn. Yogurt was developed using whole milk supplemented with sea buckthorn by 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent respectively. Physicochemical, phytochemical, microbial and sensory evaluation of yogurt was done at different storage period (0, 7, 14 and 21 days) and obtained data was subjected statistical design. Among 5 treatments T3 showed more acceptability levels in yogurt in terms of physicochemical phytochemical, microbial and sensory evaluation with negligible change in storage period. Negligible changes were shown of ascorbic acid, carotenoids, vitamin E, antioxidant activity and total polyphenolics contents in T3 20.65mg/g, 1.46mg/g, 12.00mg/g, 85.1% and 24.2% respectively. Microbial count of T3 remained < 10 log CFU/ml with negligible change in storage period of 21 days. T3 scored highest on the 9-point hedonic scale during the sensory evaluation as well. This research concluded that sea buckthorn can be supplemented in yogurt for utilization of its antioxidant benefits. in the search for, certification and implementation of safe natural additives. The growing demand for the so-called "clean label" foods is the driving force for many of the conducted researches in the last two decades.
Abstract
Background: Ladakh, located in the Trans-Himalayan region, is characterized by a sparse distribution of plant and animal life that has adapted to the arid and high-altitude environment. Ladakh's unique vegetation provides various benefits to the local population, including medicine, phytochemicals, food, fodder, fuelwood, and many other vital services. Over the years, there have been significant developments and changes in the ethnobotanical knowledge in Ladakh. One of the most notable changes is the extensive documentation and research carried out by researchers to systematically record the traditional knowledge held by local communities. The present study aims to report the expedition of wild floral diversity in Ladakh for their exploration, distribution, ecosystem services, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical extraction, conservation strategies, challenges, and knowledge gaps in research.
Ethnopharmacological relevance:
Seabuckthorn Wuwei Pulvis (SWP) is a traditional Mongolian medicine used in China. It is composed of Hippophae rhamnoides (berries, 30 g), Aucklandiae costus Falc. (dry root, 25 g), Vitis vinifera F. Cordifolia (berries, 20 g), Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (dry root, 15 g), and Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis (desiccative ripe fruit, 10 g). It is clinically applied in the treatment of chronic cough, shortness of breath and phlegm, and chest distress. Past studies demonstrated that Seabuckthorn Wuwei Pulvis improved lung inflammation and chronic bronchitis in mice. However, the effect of Seabuckthorn Wuwei Pulvis on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats and the underlying action mechanism is not fully understood.
Aim of the study:
To evaluate the anti-COPD effect of Seabuckthorn Wuwei Pulvis and investigate whether its ameliorative effect is correlated with the composition of gut microbiota and its metabolites.
Materials and methods:
The effects of Seabuckthorn Wuwei Pulvis on a COPD rat model were established by exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and smoking. These effects were then evaluated by monitoring the animal weight, pulmonary function, lung histological alteration, and the levels of inflammatory factors (tumor necrotic factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-8, IL-6, and IL-17). Furthermore, the serum LPS and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran levels were detected by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence microplate reader, respectively. Tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin-1) in the small intestine were detected by performing real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions and Western blotting to evaluate the intestinal barrier function. The contents of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces of rats were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 16S rDNA high throughput sequencing was used to investigate the effect of SWP on the gut microbiota of COPD rats.
Results:
Treatment with low and median doses of SWP significantly increased the pulmonary function (forced expiratory volume [FEV] 0.3, forced vital capacity [FVC], and FEV0.3/FVC), decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6, and IL-17 in the lung, and attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the lung. The low and median doses of SWP shaped the composition of gut microbiota, which increased the abundances of Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Aerococcaceae, increased the productions of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, and upregulated the expression of ZO-1 and occludin-1 in the small intestine of COPD rats.
Conclusion:
SWP improved pulmonary functions and inhibited the inflammatory response by shaping the gut microbiota, increasing SCFA production, and strengthening the intestinal barrier function in rats with COPD induced by LPS and smoking.
The diet of humans living in different geographical and climatic regions of the earth varies greatly in both quantity and composition of foods. Evidence is accumulating that indicates that there is a high risk of malnutrition at high altitude because of the usual lack of fresh food and environmental factors. Lack of nutritious diet in the difficult terrain is a potential stressor that elicits oxidative stress. The excretion of minerals from the body is higher in high altitude condition. The altered nutritional requirement can be met to a large extend by regular consumption of locally grown fruits and vegetables. Results of analysis of Seabuckthorn growing in Leh valley of Trans-Himalaya showed the presence of high content of multivitamins including vitamin C (275 mg/100g), vitamin A (432.4 IU/100g), vitamin E (3.54 mg/100g), Riboflavin (1.45 mg/100g), Niacin (68.4 mg/100g), Pantothenic acid (0.85 mcg/100g), vitamin B-6 (1.12 mg/100g), and vitamin B-2 (5.4 mcg/100g). Similarly, mineral elements composition revealed high amount of minerals including potassium (647.2 mg/l), calcium (176.6 mg/1), iron (30.9 mg/1), magnesium (22.5 mg/1), phosphorous (84.2 mg/1), sodium (414.2 mg/1), zinc (1.4 mg/1), copper (0.7 mg/1), manganese (1.06 mg/1) and selenium (0.53 mg/1).
Quality of extracted sea buckthorn seed and pulp oil. Canadian Biosystems Engineering/Le génie des biosystèmes au Canada 48: 3.9-3.16. The effects of four oil-extraction techniques (solvent extraction using petroleum-ether, supercritical fluid extraction using carbon dioxide (SCFE CO 2), screw pressing, and aqueous extraction) on the nutritional quality of sea buckthorn seed and pulp oil were evaluated by quantifying fatty acids, tocopherols and tocotrienols, total carotenoids, and sterols. The extracted quantities were compared against solvent extraction using chloroform/methanol as reference. Seeds and pulp-flakes were obtained by pilot-scale processing and separation. Juice was first extracted from berries on a bladder press and then wet pulp cake was dried at 50ºC for 24 h in a forced-convection drying oven. The dried seeds and pulp-flakes were separated using an industrial mixer and a vibratory screen separator. Processed seeds and pulp-flakes were then subjected to the four oil-extraction techniques. The concentration of fatty acids in oil extracted from seeds and pulp-flakes was similar in all tested extraction techniques. The predominant fatty acids were linoleic (35.3-36.3%) and linolenic (35.9-38.5%) acids in seed oil, and palmitic (34.4-35.5%) and palmitoleic (34.4-38.5%) acids in pulp oil. Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) was the major tocopherol identified in the seed oil (43 to 53% of total tocopherols) and pulp oil (74 to 85% of total tocopherols) and the extracted quantity depended on the extraction technique used. Petroleum-ether extraction gave the highest total carotenoid concentration of 22 mg/100 g in seed oil and 527.8 mg/100 g in pulp oil. The lowest carotenoid concentrations were obtained with 3h-SCFE CO 2 (6.2 and 122.3 mg/100g of oil from seed and pulp, respectively). Beta-sitosterol (prostate treatment natural compound) was the predominant sterol identified in the seed oil (97% range of total sterols for all extraction techniques) and pulp oil (96-98% of total sterols for extraction techniques tested). Petroleum-ether extraction consistently recovered oils having higher amounts of all analyzed nutritional components. Aqueous extraction and screw pressing methods were limited by the type of material which could be processed. No oil was recovered from sea buckthorn seeds by aqueous extraction and no oil was recovered from pulp-flakes by screw pressing. The SCFE CO 2 method was flexible in extracting both seed and pulp oils having relatively high concentrations of all identified nutritional compounds.. Les effets de quatre techniques d'extraction d'huiles (extraction par solvant utilisant l'éther de pétrole, extraction par fluide supercritique utilisant le dioxide de carbone (EFSC CO 2), extraction avec une presse à vis, extraction aqueuse) sur la qualité nutritionnelle des graines et de l'huile de pulpe de l'argousier ont été évalués en quantifiant les acides gras, les tocophérols et les tocotriénols, les caroténoïdes totaux et les stérols. Les quantités extraites ont été comparées à celles obtenues lors de l'extraction par solvant utilisant du chloroforme/méthanol, celle-ci étant utilisée comme méthode de référence. Les graines et les flocons de pulpe ont été obtenus par transformation et séparation à l'échelle du laboratoire. Premièrement, le jus était extrait des baies à l'aide d'un pressoir pneumatique et ensuite la pulpe humide était séchée à 50ºC pour 24 h dans un four à convection forcée. Les graines séchées et les flocons de pulpe ont été séparés en utilisant un mélangeur industriel et un crible vibrant. Les graines et les flocons de pulpe ainsi traités ont été alors soumis aux quatre techniques d'extraction d'huile. La concentration en acides gras dans l'huile extraite des graines et des flocons de pulpe était comparable pour chacune des techniques d'extraction testées. Les acides gras prédominants étaient les acides linoléïques (35,3-36,3%) et linoléniques (35,9-38,5%) dans les graines et les acides palmitiques (34,4-35,5%) et palmitoléïques (34,4-38,5%) dans l'huile provenant de la pulpe. L'alpha-tocophérol (vitamine E) était le principal tacophérol identifié dans l'huile des graines (43 à 53% du total des tocophérols) et dans l'huile provenant de la pulpe (74 à 85% du total des tocophérols) et la quantité extraite était dépendante de la technique d'extraction utilisée. L'extraction à l'éther de pétrole a procuré la plus grande concentration de caroténoïdes totaux avec 22 mg/100 g dans l'huile des graines et 527,8 mg/100 g dans l'huile de la pulpe. Les plus petites concentrations de caroténoïdes ont été obtenues avec EFSC CO 2 -3h (6,2 et 122,3 mg/100g d'huile provenant respectivement des graines et de la pulpe). Le bêta-sitostérol (composé naturel pour le traitement de la prostate) était le principal stérol identifié dans l'huile de graines (environ 97% des stérols totaux pour chacune des techniques d'extraction) et dans l'huile de pulpe (96-98% des stérols totaux pour les techniques d'extraction testées). L'extraction par l'éther de pétrole a, de manière constante, extrait des huiles possédant les quantités les plus grandes de tous les composés nutritifs analysés. Les méthodes d'extraction aqueuse et utilisant une presse à vis étaient restreintes quant au type de produit qu'elles pouvaient transformer. Aucune huile n'a été extraite des graines d'argousier par l'extraction aqueuse, situation similaire avec les flocons de pulpe en utilisant la presse à vis. La méthode EFSC CO 2 était flexible en extrayant des huiles des graines et de la pulpe qui avaient des concentrations élevées de tous les composés nutritifs identifiés. Mots clés: argousier, huile, qualité, extraction par fluide supercritique, pulpe, flocons de pulpe, graines, composés nutraceutiques.
The composition of phenolic acids in several varieties of sea buckthorn berries was determined by GC and MS. In six cultivars
the total content of phenolic acids ranged from 3570±282 to 4439±405 mg per kg of berries, on a dry basis. Seventeen phenolic
acids were tentatively identified in the berries. Salicylic acid was the principal phenolic acid in sea buckthorn berries,
accounting for 55 to 74.3% of the total phenolic acids present. The phenolic acids liberated from esters and glycosidic bonds
were the major fractions of phenolic acids in the berries, whereas free phenolic acids constituted only up to 2.3% of total
phenolic acids present.
Encapsulation of CO2-extracted sea buckthorn kernel oil and the stability of the products were investigated. Maltodextrin and an emulsifying starch
derivative were used for encapsulation by spray drying. Both shell materials significantly increased the storage stability
of sea buckthorn kernel oil, even though in maltodextrin capsules 10% of the total oil was extractable from the surface of
the capsule. The cornstarch sodiium octenyl succinate derivative capsules contained essentially no surface oil. After 9 wk
storage at controlled conditions (20°C, RH 50%), PV of the unencapsulated oil was above 90 meq/kg, whereas in the encapsulated
oils, the PV was still around 20 meq/kg. The PV of the encapsulated oil was dependent on the storage conditions. A small increase
in temperature (from 20 to 25–30°C) and a significant increase in humidity (from RH 50 to RH 50–70%) decreased the stability
of capsules. This was associated with the physical state of the microcapsule matrix and may be linked with glass transition
of the wall polymers.
The fatty acid composition, tocopherols and -carotene content in the following vegetable oils: rapeseed, olive, arachide, sunflower, soybean, corn, grapeseed, pumpkin seed, sesame and linseed were evaluated. The study comprised commercial refined and cold pressed oils,from different manufacturers. The fatty acid composition was determined by Gas Chromatography (GC) method on a 50m capillary column with a CP Sil 88 phase. -, -, -, -tocopherols and -carotene contents were analyzed by HPLC method with a Leichrospher Si 60 column. The study showed that -carotene was present only in some cold pressed oils. The amount of tocopherols varied much between oil types and between the same type of oil from different producers. Among all tested oils, sunflower oil had the highest vitamin E content. The rapeseed oil, the most popular on Polish market was characterized by the highest content of -linolenic acid and the lowest, 18:2/18:3 ratio. The -tocopherol equivalent to polyenoic content ratio was the highest in olive oil and the lowest in commercial linseed oil. Only 1.6% of linolenic acid in the total fatty acid composition was observed in the linseed oil.
The effects of oral administration of different volumes (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mL) of fermented whey on the immune system of healthy albino rats were investigated. The immunostimulatory effect of the fermented whey was tested by evaluating the White Blood Cells (WBC), Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and the total differential WBC counts. Twenty four rats divided into six groups of four rats per group were used. Each group was fed with different volume of whey along with basal diet while the group that serves as control was given basal diet only. Heamatological assay was carried out by collecting the rats' blood through cervical dislocation into EDTA bottles and then analyzed. The initial weights of the rats and changes in weight were monitored daily. The administration of whey to the healthy rats shows that there was boosting of the immune system. This was evident in the increase in the values of PCV and lymphocyte counts of the groups fed with whey as compared with control. The results of serum enzymes also reveal that there was no sign of toxicological defect on the internal organs when administered to healthy rats. It is therefore conceivable that the consumption of whey by apparently healthy individuals will boost their immune system and would not constitute any hazard to the internal organs.
In this paper, we briefly described the contents, types, extraction methods and medical
BACKGROUND: The goal of this work was to utilize the sea buckthorn pomace, which is the by-product of a sea buckthorn juice process. Pilot plant supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) experiments were performed in a 5 × 10−3 m3 volume high-pressure vessel. The effects of pressure and temperature on extraction yield and recoveries of biologically active components were studied using a 32 full factorial design. The pressure and temperature were varied over the ranges of 30–46 MPa and 313–353 K, respectively. The extract samples were analysed by TLC-densitometry, UV/VIS spectrofotometry and HPLC methods.
RESULTS: The obtained yields changed between 142–164 g kg−1, according to the solvent power of the supercritical fluid. The recoveries of the different minor components were (g minor components kg−1 dried raw material): 2.50–4.25 sitosterol, 0.20–1.60 ursolic acid, 0.04–0.18 carotenoid, 0.35–0.42 total tocopherol.
CONCLUSION: By evaluation the designed experiments 46 MPa and 333 K were chosen as the optimum conditions. Copyright