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New records and natural history notes for amphibians and reptiles from Southern Morocco

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P.A. Herrmann
P.A. Herrmann
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Herpetological Review, 200x, xx(x), xx–xx.
© 200x by Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles
New Records and Natural History Notes for
Amphibians and Reptiles from Southern Morocco
PATRICIA A. HERRMANN
and
HANS-WERNER HERRMANN
Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species
Zoological Society of San Diego, P.O. Box 120551
San Diego, California 92112-0551, USA
e-mail: hwherrmann@sandiegozoo.org
In an historical context, Morocco has been suitably explored
with herpetological expeditions dating back to Gervais (1835).
The distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Morocco is thor-
oughly outlined in the herpetofaunal atlas by Bons and Geniez
(1996); this atlas is used as a primary reference in this paper. The
following is a composite of significant findings from five months
of data gathered in southern Morocco during the periods of May–
July 1985, October 1999, and September–October 2000. Such has
resulted in notable range extensions for six species of lizards and
three species of snakes and several novel comments on natural
history. Voucher specimens were deposited in the Zoologisches
Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK),
Bonn, or the Hessisches Landesmuseum (HLMD), Darmstadt,
Germany. Localities were determined by the use of a handheld
Garmin© global positioning system (GPS) device or by the use of
maps. Specimen identification relative to range extensions were
confirmed by Wolfgang Böhme, Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut
und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn.
Anura
Bufo brongersmai – Tafraoute, 29°43.30’N, 8°58.76’W, 11 Octo-
ber 1999. At ca. 2100 h hundreds of animals were encountered in
the flat-packed sand basin between the rocky hills adjacent to the
town. The toads were active and orienting apparently at random,
along with equally abundant Bufo viridis and numerous Bufo
mauritanicus. This was after the second day of heavy rain follow-
ing what locals reported as a two-year drought. No amplectant
pairs were observed. No standing water was encountered. In
Tafraoute on 18 June 1985, during the dry summer period, only
one toad was found. It was located at night under plants which
were routinely watered and was within the town limits. On 9 and
10 October 2000, two nights of searching at the Tafraoute locality
revealed no toads. This was also during an extended dry period.
This illustrates the periodic abundance of this reportedly rare toad
species (Bons and Geniez 1996).
Lacertilia
Stenodactylus petrii – Oued Tissinnt, ca. 5 km E of Mrhimina,
29°49.14’N, 7° 08.18’W, 5 October 2000. This area is character-
ized by low-lying sand dunes interspersed with lava flows and
large lava boulders. Two specimens were collected while search-
ing the Oued Tissinnt dunes at night (ZFMK 73504: SVL 50 mm,
TL 97 mm; ZFMK 73505: SVL 38 mm, TL 72 mm). This find
extends the range of this species by ca. 100 km to the west and is
the first reported locality away from major sand dunes. Dry river-
bed routes may be used by this psamnophilous species as dispersal
pathways.
Stenodactylus sthenodactylus – Tendrara, ca. 9 km N of the town,
33°05.05’N, 1°59.27’W, 4 October 1999. This male specimen
(ZFMK SA2001:1) was found during the day, in a flat, hard-packed
sand desert, under a rock. This find extends the eastern range of
this species by ca. 50 km in Morocco, thus bringing it to the Alge-
rian border.
Ptyodactylus oudrii – Oued Tissinnt, ca. 5 km E of Mrhimina,
29°49.14’N, 7°08.18’W, 5 October 2000. This gecko is cited in
the literature as a dweller of steep and smooth rocks, boulders,
and cliffs (Bons and Geniez 1996; Schleich et al. 1996). Here we
report the use of a tree as a habitat for this species. A night search
revealed two specimens ca. 1.6 m above ground in an Acacia tree.
Ants, which are a prey item of this species, were also active on the
tree at this time. The immediate surrounding habit was low-lying
sand dunes with occasional volcanic rocks. In the distance, larger
rock formations could be found.
Tarentola hoggarensis – Oued Drâa, ca. 20 km S of Âouïnet-
Torkoz, 28°29.00’N, 9°51.17’W, 4 October 2000. This species has
a lengthy and involved history of taxonomic revision (Schleich et
al. 1996). Due to recent findings within the Tarentola ephippiata
group, the taxon should be elevated from subspecific status of
Tarentola ephippiata hoggarensis to full species rank (Böhme et
al. 2001; Böhme, pers. comm.). This Oued Drâa specimen (ZFMK
73503) was found by torchlight at night on an Acacia tree trunk.
This find represents the third discovery of this species in Morocco
and is ca. 50 km east of a previously documented locality (Bons
and Geniez 1996).
Lacerta andreanszkyi – Imlil, ca. 5 km NE of town, 5 July 1985.
The discovery of this specimen (ZFMK 44116) at an alpine
meadow at ca. 2400 m elevation confirms its presence in a ques-
tionable locality as listed in Bons and Geniez (1996).
Acanthodactylus boskianus – Taroudant, ca. 3 km S of town, 25
May 1985. This species is known to be an inhabitant of dry envi-
ronments (Bons and Geniez 1996; Schleich et al. 1996). The dis-
covery of this specimen (ZFMK 44079) resting underneath some
small bushes marks its first known occurrence in a relatively moist
habitat, the Souss River Valley. This report contrasts the findings
of Bons and Geniez (1996) whereby they state that A. boskianus
is absent from the western parts of Morocco, as the Anti Atlas
appears to constitute an insurmountable barrier. This finding shows
the species to have crossed the Anti Atlas, although the westernmost
portion of the Haut Atlas lies due north as a border of this locality.
This find is ca. 80 km from the nearest documented locality, though
more significantly, it places the species for the first time on the
north side of a significantly high mountain range.
Mesalina olivieri – Oued Torkoz – Oued Drâa confluence,
28°29.00’N, 9°51.17’W, 3 October 2000. The discovery of these
specimens (ZFMK 73511–512) confirms a suspected locality (Bons
and Geniez 1996) in the Oued Drâa. This population is ca. 120 km
from the closest confirmed population. Some authors (e.g., Le Berre
1989) regard Mesalina pasteuri (Bons 1960) and olivieri, both
taxa are reported from Southern Morocco (Bons and Geniez 1996),
as conspecific.
Eumeces algieriensis – Tafraoute, 20°43.30’N, 8°58.76’W, 22
September 2000. The diet of this large endemic Mograbin skink
consists of invertebrates (Schleich et al. 1996). After hand capture,
our specimen regurgitated a gecko which, although partially
digested, could be identified as a Tarentola mauretanica.
Serpentes
Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus – Amtoudi (Id-Âïssa), 29°13.66’N,
9°13.24’W, 11 June 1985. This specimen (ZFMK 44098) was
found in an area lacking vegetation within this oasis village. Though
suspected to be a wideranging species in Morocco, secrecy and
subterranean habits have surely restricted this species from being
routinely encountered and is thus far listed from but ten localities.
This discovery in the southern Anti Atlas foothills represents a
distance of ca. 80 km from the closest documented record.
Macropodon cucullatus – Plage Blanche, 28°57.73’N, 10°32.89’W,
28 September 2000. According to Bons and Geniez (1996), M.
cucullatus is represented by three subspecies in Morocco. The Plage
Blanche specimen (ZFMK SA2001:2) keys out to the subspecies
brevis according to head coloration (Schleich et al. 1996; Wade
1988). Our specimen falls within a ca. 160 km gap between the
ranges of the subspecies cucullatus and brevis.
Bitis arietans – Plage Blanche, 28°57.73’N, 10°32.89’W, 117 m
elevation, 28 September 2000. A ca. 90 cm adult female gave birth
two days after capture to eight live and two dead neonates,. This is
a very small litter size as this species is known to commonly have
litters of 20–30 with litters of up to 50–60 not being rare (Schleich
et al. 1996). Bitis arietans from southern Morocco, however, are
known to be much smaller in size than their tropical conspecifics.
Echis leucogaster – Oued Torkoz – Oued Drâa confluence,
28°22.00’N, 9°50.00W’, 120 m elevation, 19 October 1999. This
is one of the rarest of Moroccan snakes (Bons and Geniez 1996),
and although known from the Oued Drâa, ours is only the fifth
Moroccan specimen (Herrmann and Herrmann 2000). Adult fe-
male (SVL 41 cm, TL 44.5 cm) (HLMD RA2888) was found dead,
killed by bedouins, and hanging in a bush.
Acknowledgments.—We thank the Philipps University, Marburg, stu-
dent participants in the 2000 Moroccan Desert Ecology excursion for
their participation and companionship. W. Böhme verified some of our
species identifications and provided discussion on the taxonomic status
of Tarentola hoggarensis. We thank our Moroccan field assistants, espe-
cially Blell with his extraordinary knowledge of the herpetofauna of south-
ern Morocco.
LITERATURE CITED
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Randgebiete. Zeitschrift des Kölner Zoo 44:117–131.
BONS, J. 1960. Description d’un nouveau lézard du Sahara: Eremias
pasteuri sp. nov. (Lacertidés). C.R. Séances mens. Soc. Sci. nat. phys.
Maroc 4:69–71.
––––––, AND P. GENIEZ. 1996. Amphibiens et Reptiles du Maroc (Sahara
Occidental compris). Atlas Biogéographique. Asociación Herpetológica
Espanola, Barcelona. 320 pp.
GERVAIS, P. 1835. Communication orale sur l’énumération de quelques
Reptiles envoylés de Barbarie. Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. Fr. 1:112–114.
HERRMANN, H.-W. AND P. A. HERRMANN. 2000. Zur Verbreitung von Echis
leucogaster Roman, 1972 in Marokko. Salamandra 36:203–207.
LE BERRE, M. 1989. Faune du Sahara. l. Poissons-Amphibiens-Reptiles.
Lechevalier, R. Chabaud, Paris. 332 pp.
SCHLEICH, H. H., K. WERNER, AND K. KABISCH. 1996. Amphibians and
Reptiles of North Africa. Koeltz Scientific Books, Koenigstein. 630 pp.
WADE, E. 1988. Intraspecific variation in the colubrid snake genus
Macroprotodon. Herpetol. J. 1:237-245.
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... Les données utilisées pour l'élaboration de la répartition des espèces ont été recueillies à partir des travaux suivants : Bons et Geniez 1996, Slimani et al. 1996, Hasi et al. 1997, Mateo et al. 1998, Martínez-Medina 2001, Gallix 2002, Brito 2003, Crochet et Geniez 2003, Donaire-Barroso et Bogaert 2003, Herrmann et Herrmann 2003, Crochet et al. 2004, Guillon et al. 2004, Martínez-Solano et al. 2004, In den Bosch 2005, Donaire-Barroso et al. 2006, Zangari et al. 2006, Fahd et Mediani 2007, Fahd et al. 2007, Guzman et al. 2007, Carranza et al. 2008, Ramos et Díaz-Portero 2008, Doglio et al. 2009, García-Muñoz et al. 2009, Barnestein et al. 2010, Bergier et al. 2010, Ceacero et al. 2010, El Hamoumi et Himmi 2010, Harris et al. 2010, Westerström 2010, Barata et al. 2011, Bergier et al. 2011, Brito et al. 2011, Lapeña et al. 2011, Barata et al. 2012a, b, Barnestein et al. 2012, de Pous et al. 2012, Velo-Anton et al. 2012, Barata 2013, Beukema et al. 2013, Escoriza et Ben Hassine 2013, Reques et al. 2013, Bergier et al. 2014, Damas-Moreira et al. 2014, Velo-Antón et al. 2014, Mediani et al. 2015, Sanchez-Vialas et al. 2015, Martinez-Freiria et al. 2017, Avella et al. 2019, Martínez del Mármol et al. 2019, Miralles et al. 2020 Les données de l'atlas de Bons et Geniez (1996) ont été converties en coordonnées géographiques par géo-référencement. Nous avons également utilisé les données recueillies sur le terrain par l'intermédiaire de notre équipe de recherche basée au Maroc (LESCOBIO, Faculté des Sciences de Tétouan) et au Portugal (CIBIO, Université de Porto). ...
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... 1. Numbers in 'Origin' column refers to localities in text andFigure 1, 1984; Geniez et al., 1999; 2004). expand inland in this northern range of its distribution (in this case more than 100 km), as previously proposed for Stenodactylus petrii (Herrmann and Herrmann, 2003). In south-western Morocco, T. mauritanica ranges the Atlantic coast, while inland populations are scarce because it is substituted by T. boehmei (Bons and Geniez, 1996). ...
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... Numbers in 'Origin' column refers to localities in text and Figure 1 Joger, 1984;Geniez et al., 1999Geniez et al., , 2004). expand inland in this northern range of its distribution (in this case more than 100 km), as previously proposed for Stenodactylus petrii (Herrmann and Herrmann, 2003). ...
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Tarentola mauritanica pallida was recorded for the first time far inland in the Djebel Ouarkziz and Oued Drâa area, in south-western Morocco. The taxonomic characters proposed to identify this subspecies, T. m. juliae, and T. boehmei are dis-cussed in view of the specimens observed during this survey. Other observations of gekkonid lizards in this area are also reported.
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Faune du Sahara. l. Poissons-Amphibiens-Reptiles
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LE BERRE, M. 1989. Faune du Sahara. l. Poissons-Amphibiens-Reptiles. Lechevalier, R. Chabaud, Paris. 332 pp.
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