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Analysis on the Natural Remedies to Cure Dandruff/Skin Disease-causing Fungus - Malassezia furfur.
Abstract
A comparative study was conducted on the levels of effectiveness, of natural remedies such as cow's urine, lemon, boiled rice water, Neem extract etc. in curing dandruff and inhibiting the growth of the causative fungus Malassezia. Various plating techniques were applied using modified Oil - Potato Dextrose Agar as the nutrient medium for the fungal growth. Cow's urine was found to be more stable and effective in inhibiting the fungus, along with boiled rice-water. Lemon juice was highly effective though over a shorter period.
... Cow urine use in Kaphodar(~one of type of Ascites) 21 Rohitakadi yoga in Udara(~Ascites)roga 22 ...
... Also CU shows significant effect in various microorganisms which is responsible different diseases in crops. Study found that Lemon Juice extract and Neem leaves extract less effective than CU 21 . CUC (cow urine concoction) 5% showed maximum antifungal activity against A. niger (93%), A. oryzae (92.67%) and A. flavus(83%). ...
... This was boiled up to one fourth of initial volume. Then it was sieved and the filtrate thus collected was maintained in refrigerator at 4 • C until further use [5]. ...
Clinical importance of Dandruff causing Malassezia species is significantly increasing. They are responsible for various human diseases. Dermatomycosis, which is a chronic superficial scaling, known as pityriasis versicolor (PV) is caused by this opportunistic pathogen. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and analyse its sensitivity against the crude aqueous extract of four (Tulsi, Aleo vera, Fenugreek and Curry leaves) medicinal plants and their combinations in different proportions. From direct microscopy, Gram staining and Biochemical tests, the pathogen was identified as M. globosa. It was observed that all four herbal extracts were promisingly active against the isolated dandruff pathogen. In combination, few showed synergistic effect and few combinations showed antagonistic effect. Thus this research work can help to make a polyherbal mixture that could be incorporated in hair oil or shampoos for better anti-dandruff activity.
... Compared to residue, distillate and re-distillate of cow urine antioxidant activity seen highly in fresh cow urine [42]. It was observed experimentally that DPPH radial scavenging activity and superoxide scavenging activity of cow urine and its distillate inhibited the free radicals. ...
It is indispensable to maintain a healthy skin from infectious microorganisms like Bacteria, Fungi, viruses and parasites. Most common biological agents Bacteria and Fungi plays a prominent role in worsening the skin infections. Antimicrobial and antifungal studies of various natural ( herbal extracts) and synthetic compounds are still going on to find out the best results against skin infection causing microbes. For the treatment of skin infections: soaps, creams, ointments and skin care lotions containing chemicals are available but due to certain limitations the people are frequently attracted towards herbal formulative products. Cow urine is profound to have a great therapeutic value. Across many parts of the world, cow urine therapy is highly used and recommended by medicinal practioners. Cow urine remove dark circles, black spots and pimples says Gujarat government’s Gauseva and Gauchar Vikas Board. Due to cow urine’s great impact, even branded cosmetic companies started formulating cosmetic commercial products using the cow urine as a constituent in skin care products. Since, numerous researches experimentally proved that cow urine acts as a wide defender of skin.
... Antimicrobial activities of cow productsUrine of indigenous Geer cow showed superior antifungal activity as compared to standard antibiotic Amphoterecin B (50µg), thus suggesting cow urine as a natural antifungal agent(Rana and De, 2013). Beneficial effects of cow urine were also suggested against Malassezia fungus, a fungus which is responsible for dandruff(Sathasivam et al., 2010, Kumar, 2013& Hoh et al., 2017. Additionally, studies demonstrating cow urine benefits against plant pathogenic fungi are also available.Jandaik et al (2015) investigated the effects of different concentrations of urine against three different fungi (Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Sclerotium rolfsii) of okra and fenugreek vegetables and found out that incidence of fungal attack has been reduced with increasing concentration of cow urine. ...
... Cow urine was found to be more effective than neem leaves extract and lemon juice extract. It is highly stable and capable of inhibiting the growth of Malassezia fungi (90-95%) than rice water (due to B. cereus growth in rice water) which was stably capable of inhibiting 85-90% of the growth for 3-4 days [43] . An in-vitro study revealed that urine of outdoor grazing cow possesses more antifungal effect than indoor feeding cow. ...
Cow is worshiped as "mother of mankind". It is very respective animal in Hinduism. Cow urine and cow dung are described as important excretions of animal origin. Cow urine contains many active compounds like phenols, amino acids, volatile and non-volatile substances which show marvelous antimicrobial activities. Ayurveda also described the traditional use of cow urine in cure of many harmful diseases.
... CU inhibits 90-95% growth of the Malassezia fungi, which is responsible for causing dandruff. [4,34,35] The urine collected from outdoor feeding cow (OCU) has more effective to inhibit the growth of fungi in an in vitro experiment compared to indoor feeding CU (ICU). It was observed that 10% OCU has completely inhibited the growth of Penicillium notatum, Trichoderma viride, and Alternaria solani as compared to 20% ICU. ...
In spite of the progresses in science and technology, India is well-known for its traditional system of medicine. Traditional use of medicine is practiced since the era of vedic. The Indian traditional system of medicine such as Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani has a very rich history of their effectiveness. As India is a rich repository of herbal and medicinal plants, these traditional systems of medicine use herbal plants and minerals as the vital source for drugs. Along with the use of herbal plants, the Indian traditional system of medicine, especially Ayurvedic system, uses animal urine as a source of drug. In Ayurveda, the properties of the urine of eight different animals along with the human urine and also its uses are described. Basically, cow's urine (CU) is used mainly for the treatment of various diseases in Ayurveda. Apart from CU, urine of the other animals such as goat, sheep, buffalo, elephant, horse, camel, and donkey were also used as remedies for the treatment of different diseases. An attempt has been made in this article to bring forth the traditional and therapeutic use of cow and goat urine (GU) and also highlights its efficacy. This article will provide brief information on cow and GU and their application in traditional practice of medicine which may help people working in this area.
... Neem, or Azadirachta indica, is well known for its numerous pharmacological properties including antibacterial, antifungal, antiulcer, repellent and pesticide among others. 22 These activities arise due to the presence of nimbin (C30H36O9), nimbinene desacetylnimbinase, nimbandial, nimbolide (C27H30O7) and quercentin (C15H10O7) in neem leaves. 23,24,25 Hence, not surprisingly, neem leaf extracts have been used to control leprosy, intestinal helminthiasis and respiratory disorders in children 26 26 Thus it would be interesting to study the antimicrobial effect of neem against the selected pathogens too, adding to the repertoire of microbial species that are susceptible to inhibition by neem. ...
There is a growing demand today for naturally derived drugs and medicine in place of synthetic drugs that are more commercially available. Such drugs derived from indigenous plants are effective as they contain potent therapeutically active compounds of the plants that show antimicrobial activity against a variety of pathogens that cause common diseases. Such diseases as periodontitis and oral candidiasis are a growing concern these days. This study was undertaken to investigate the antimicrobial activity of two indigenous Indian plants, Azadirachta indica and Murraya koenigii and their synergistic effect, if any, against three pathogenic microorganisms associated with oral diseases and one pathogenic bacteria known to be a nosocomial causative agent. Three bacterial species (Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus gordonii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one fungal species (Candida albicans) were selected for antimicrobial assays. Both ethanolic and methanolic extracts were prepared from the leaves of the two plant species in addition to an aqueous extract of A. indica and an n-hexane extract of M. koenigii. Antibacterial and antifungal assay was done using agar well diffusion method under standard culture conditions. Inhibitory activity was observed for all extracts against P. aeruginosa while A. indica and M. koenigii showed ineffectiveness in inhibiting growth of C. albicans and S. mutans respectively. C. albicans and S. mutans were selected for study of synergistic effect based on the results of the initial assay, however there was no synergistic activity observed for any combination of extract mixtures.
Go-mutra therapy provides an especially rich and provocative research topic. The ancient scriptures of ayurveda consider cow urine to be the elixir of life. Cow urine is one of the five contents of Panchagavya which obtain from cow (urine, milk, ghee, curd and dung). Cow based treatment is called as Panchagavya Chikitsa (Cowpathy). Cow urine is a divine medicine and is used for treatment of diabetes, blood pressure, asthma, psoriasis, eczema, heart attack, blockage in arteries, fits, cancer, AIDS, piles, prostrate, arthritis, migraine, thyroid, ulcer, acidity, constipation, gynaecological problems, It also increase the nitrogen content of the soil, for better rearing of honey bees, hasten the pubertal age of the heifers exposed to bull’s urine and as pesticide and larvicide for the fodder crops. Cow urine contains all substances, which are naturally present in the human body. Thus, consumption of cow urine maintains the balance of these substances and this helps cure incurable diseases like cancer, AIDS, autoimmune disorders better benefits in case of antibiotic resistance infectious diseases. Cow urine is excellent bioenhancer and recently Cow urine distillate has been granted U.S. patents. Further researches is required to prove its qualities and benefits.Various actions and researches on cow urine are summarized in this article.It is the most effective natural remedy and the safest method of treatment on nature based. Keywords: Gomutra, Panchgavya, CUC, Vermicompost, Immunostimulant.
Background:
Pityriasis capitis commonly known as dandruff is one of the most common and widely seen dermatological disease that affects majority of the world population. It is more than superficial flaking, as it leads to significant structural changes in the stratum corneum and inflammatory biomarkers. Various intrinsic and extrinsic factors, such as Malassezia yeast, host epidermal conditions, sebaceous secretion, and abnormal immune responses, are found to contribute to the pathogenesis. Regardless of wide research, detail understanding, and treatment modalities, it still remains to be a cause of concern due to its recurring nature.
Aims:
The objective of this study is to enhance the understanding of its wide causes, pathophysiology, current treatment, and future approach.
Methods:
The article also aims at evaluating various promising anti-dandruff agents that can be further researched to become the leads in anti-dandruff therapy.
Results & conclusion:
The article summarizes the current knowledge on dandruff and present new facts and evidences in order to spread awareness, create potential for new herbal treatment options, and effectively control the most commercially exploited scalp disorder.
Rice water has been used for curing various ailments. The experiment was conducted to know the physico-chemical and cooking properties of six fine rice varieties. Length and breadth of the reported varieties ranges from 6-7.8mm and 4.5-5.5mm. The highest amylose (28%) was estimated in Gobindo bhog non-boiled rice followed by Sona Masori half boiled rice (24.2%) and lowest (18.6%) were Saffola arise active rice and Kerala rice. Alkali spreading value ranges from 3.0 to 3.9 of the tested varieties. Cooking time varied from 11min to 31min among the tested rice varieties. Elongation ratio of the fine rice varieties ranges from 1.5 to 2.4. Rice water of Kerala rice, Saffola arise active rice and full boiled rice had shown the significant zone of against diarrhoea causing bacteria. Overnight and 1 hr shocked rice water had shown the effective result against the dandruff causing fungi.
Dano, a poly-herbal hair oil was studied for anti-dandruff activity using microbiological and clinical tests. There was a clear symptomatic relief from dandruff in all the volunteers after 10 days of use. Further, the isolation of Pityrosporum ovale, the causative organism of the dandruff in culture was not possible after use of the Dano oil. The plant extracts is from Wrightia tinctoria (Indrajev), Cassia alata (Dadmari) and bitter fraction of Azadirachta indica (Neem or Nimba). Methylene blue reductase test was employed to study the anti-dandruff efficacy of the oil.
Malassezia furfur, a lipophilic, dimorphic and yeast-like fungus, occurring in human skin as an opportunistic pathogen, causes diseases such as dandruff, pityriasis versicolar, seborrheic dermatitis, etc. Suitable media for culturing the organism were standardized. A modified medium for the culturing of M. furfur has been proposed. Growth of the fungus was also determined in the presence of different carbon sources under the influence of different temperature, pH and salinity. Plant extracts of 19 species were screened against the growth of the fungus by using disc diffusion method and the results are discussed.
Cultures and culture filtrates of Bacillus cereus UW85 suppress damping-off of alfalfa caused by Phytophthora medicaginis. We studied the role in disease suppression of two antibiotics from culture filtrates of UW85 that reversibly inhibited growth of P. medicaginis. We purified the two antibiotics by cation-exchange chromatography and high-voltage paper electrophoresis and showed that one of them, designated zwittermicin A, was an aminopolyol of 396 Da that was cationic at pH 7.0; the second, designated antibiotic B, appeared to be an aminoglycoside containing a disaccharide. Both antibiotics prevented disease of alfalfa seedlings caused by P. medicaginis. Purified zwittermicin A reversibly reduced elongation of germ tubes derived from cysts of P. medicaginis, and antibiotic B caused swelling of the germ tubes. Mutants generated with Tn917 or mitomycin C treatment were screened either for antibiotic accumulation in an agar plate diffusion assay or for the ability to suppress damping-off disease of alfalfa. Of 2,682 mutants screened for antibiotic accumulation, 5 mutants were substantially reduced in antibiotic accumulation and disease-suppressive activity. Of the 1,700 mutants screened for disease-suppressive activity, 3 mutants had reduced activity and they accumulated less of both antibiotics than did the parent strain. The amount of antibiotic accumulated by the mutants was significantly correlated with the level of disease suppression. Addition of either zwittermicin A or antibiotic B to alfalfa plants inoculated with a culture of a nonsuppressive mutant resulted in disease suppression. These results demonstrate that B. cereus UW85 produces two fungistatic antibiotics that contribute to suppression of damping-off disease of alfalfa.
This trial investigated the tolerability and effect of modified citrus pectin (Pecta-Sol) in 13 men with prostate cancer and biochemical prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure after localized treatment, that is, radical prostatectomy, radiation, or cryosurgery. A total of 13 men were evaluated for tolerability and 10 for efficacy. Changes in the prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT) of the 10 men were the primary end point in the study. We found that the PSADT increased (P-value<0.05) in seven (70%) of 10 men after taking MCP for 12 months compared to before taking MCP. This study suggests that MCP may lengthen the PSADT in men with recurrent prostate cancer.
Lactobacilli strains were isolated from the milk of domestic animals for potential probiotic. A total of 120 milk samples (40 each from buffalo, cow and goat) were analyzed and 110 Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) were identified, out of these 43 were identified as probiotics, (L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. plantarum, L. lactis and L. rhamnosus). Out of these, 11 isolates were potential probiotics, which includes L. plantarum (C1, C4, C7, G7, G8 and B14) and L. rhamnosus (B13, C5, G4, G10 and G18). Their bacteriocins showed a broad inhibitory spectrum against the indicator organisms tested. The bacteriocins produced by L. plantarum (C4, G7) and L. rhamnosus (G18) showed prominent antimicrobial activity, resistance to heat at 121°C and tolerate acidic pH 3 but sensitive to pH 9 indication strong probiotic potential.These isolated LABS, exhibiting excellent probiotic characteristics, can be use in the protection and improvement of intestinal microbial flora and contribute health benefits to consumers.
Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is perhaps the most useful traditional medicinal plant in India. Each part of the neem tree has some medicinal property and is thus commercially exploitable. During the last five decades, apart from the chemistry of the neem compounds, considerable progress has been achieved regarding the biological activity and medicinal applications of neem. It is now considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for development of medicines against various diseases and also for the development of industrial products. This review gives a bird's eye view mainly on the biological activities of some of the neem compounds isolated, pharmacological actions of the neem extracts, clinical studies and plausible medicinal applications of neem along with their safety evaluation.
In this minireview, we examine the ability of modified citrus pectin (MCP), a complex water soluble indigestible polysaccharide obtained from the peel and pulp of citrus fruits and modified by means of high pH and temperature treatment, to affect numerous rate-limiting steps in cancer metastasis. The anti-adhesive properties of MCP as well as its potential for increasing apoptotic responses of tumor cells to chemotherapy by inhibiting galectin-3 anti-apoptotic function are discussed in the light of a potential use of this carbohydrate-based substance in the treatment of multiple human malignancies.
The yeasts of the genus Malassezia have been associated with a number of diseases affecting the human skin, such as pityriasis versicolor, Malassezia (Pityrosporum) folliculitis, seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and--less commonly--with other dermatologic disorders such as confluent and reticulated papillomatosis, onychomycosis, and transient acantholytic dermatosis. Although Malassezia yeasts are a part of the normal microflora, under certain conditions they can cause superficial skin infection. The study of the clinical role of Malassezia species has been surrounded by controversy because of their fastidious nature in vitro, and relative difficulty in isolation, cultivation, and identification. Many studies have been published in the past few years after the taxonomic revision carried out in 1996 in which 7 species were recognized. Two new species have been recently described, one of which has been isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis. This review focuses on the clinical, mycologic, and immunologic aspects of the various skin diseases associated with Malassezia. It also highlights the importance of individual Malassezia species in the different dermatologic disorders related to these yeasts.
A mycological medium was developed for primary isolation and culture of lipophilic yeasts. It was initially based on published information of nutrients and trace components that would promote the growth of these yeasts. It was subsequently modified and adjusted to specifically promote the growth of lipophilic yeasts and simultaneously avoid the luxurious growth of other fungi and bacteria. With this medium, the conventional bacteriological procedures such as microbial streaking for pure culture and anti-microbial sensitivity testing could be carried out for these lipophilic yeasts.