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A study of the Pass-through effects of Exchange rates and International Price Shocks on Inflation in Fiji Islands
Abstract and Figures
The main purpose of this study is to examine the effects of the exchange rates,
international prices, and the demand shocks on inflation in Fiji Island . The study covers the
annual data from 1975 to 2010.The variables are transformed into changes/per cent and
then Ordinary Least Squares methodology (OLS) is used. The appropriateness of the OLS
assumptions is tested including the normality of the residuals, autocorrelations ,
heteroskedasticity and functional forms. The main findings are that the Fijian dollar depreciation
increases, the international price shocks in the form of Australian consumer prices increase,
the Keynesian demand shocks increase, and the devaluation events increase the consumer
price inflation in Fiji. As a monetary policy instrument the flexibility of the exchange rate policy
is indispensable for Fiji to absorb appropriately the international supply and price shocks.
We have been able to include the international supply shocks, the domestic demand shocks,
the exchange rates, and devaluation dummies in our model. Though we have used a simple
OLS model, the originality of our study is the comprehensiveness of the theoretical variables
in our model. This study will have an important implication for the small open economy of Fiji
especially its exchange rate policy.
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This research analyses the issue of the level of Internet financial reporting (IFR) by companies listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia. The discussion in this paper will be based on the inconsistencies of the dimensions used in representing IFR by previous researchers who had carried out studies on IFR. The inconsistencies resulted in differences in their findings. Based on a comprehensive review, the level of IFR for this research will be divided into two main dimensions, namely, content dimension and presentation dimension. The findings showed that the level of IFR of Bursa Malaysia listed companies started from 48.27 per cent to 78.16 per cent with a min of 65.10. The findings also showed that the overall level of IFR listed companies on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia was considered good. The implication of the research findings and future research will also be discussed.
Makalah ini cuba mengupas isu kepentingan item dalam Pelaporan Kewangan Menerusi Internet (PKMI) dengan mengambil kira pandangan penyedia dan pengguna maklumat kewangan. Perbincangan makalah ini berpandukan kepada dapatan awal kajian tinjauan yang dilakukan bagi mengetahui kepentingan item untuk mengukur tahap PKMI. Kajian tinjauan yang dijalankan menggunakan kaedah soal selidik berasaskan skor wajaran dan telah mendapat maklum balas daripada 36 orang responden. Berdasarkan sorotan karya yang menyeluruh, tahap PKMI dalam kajian ini dibahagikan kepada dua dimensi utama iaitu dimensi kandungan dan dimensi pembentangan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa terdapat lima item utama iaitu penyata pendapatan tahun semasa, kunci kira-kira tahun semasa, nota penyata kewangan tahun semasa, penyata pendapatan tahun lepas, dan penyata aliran tunai tahun semasa yang berupaya menggambarkan dimensi kandungan. Seterusnya, bagi dimensi pembentangan terdapat lima item utama iaitu masa muat turun laman web syarikat, pautan kepada laman web, hiperpautan kepada analisis kewangan, hiperpautan ada di dalam laporan tahunan, dan pautan kepada senarai kandungan. Hasil kajian ini penting kerana ianya memberikan input kepada pembuat dasar dan pengubal piawaian perakaunan untuk merangka peraturan berkaitan PKMI dan seterusnya membuka lebih banyak ruang penyelidikan dijalankan dalam bidang ini.
Turnover remains one of the most troubling issues for hospitality businesses. Through a national survey of foodservice managers, the study revealed several meaningful results: (1) Long hours of work was not a drive of turnover; (2) While compensation may not be
a factor that significantly affects intent to leave, it is a component
of job satisfaction; (3) Intrinsic satisfaction seems to be more important in the short term, and extrinsic satisfaction more important in the long run; (4) Over half of those who indicated an intent to leave were considering leaving the industry altogether — a particularly disheartening finding. Implications for the industry were discussed.
This paper examines patterns and determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Malaysia from a comparative Southeast Asian perspective. There is clear evidence that Malaysia's relative attractiveness for FDI within the region has eroded in recent years; outflow of FDI from Malaysia has consistently surpassed inflow of FDI, a pattern not seen in the other major Southeast Asian countries. The explanation seems to lie with the dualistic investment policy regime and the narrow domestic human capital base. We find no evidence that FDI in Malaysia (or major Southeast Asian countries) is crowded out by an increasing flow of FDI into China. On the contrary, Malaysia is well placed to benefit from a complementary FDI relationship with China as a favoured location of high-end tasks within global production networks.
As innovation and technology management grow in complexity the need for inter-organizational cooperation increases. Part of this cooperation requires the understanding of how knowledge management and learning processes may function to support a successful research and development collaboration. To further this understanding we introduce a typology to help categorize various collaborative efforts within a research joint venture environment. The typology is based on two dimensions the locus of the research joint venture knowledge and the knowledge management approach. Using a broad-based European database 98 research joint venture projects were used to evaluate the typology. We test two hypotheses related to these relationships. Implications for research and management of these types of projects are also introduced throughout the paper.
Objective: To investigate the association between a healthy diet indicator and the prevalence of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Population based. Subjects: A total of 1651 subjects (560 men and 1091 women) including everybody aged 70 y or more, and a random sample of people (about 40%) aged 65 - 69 y resident in four rural towns in the province of Pavia, Italy in 1992-1993. Interventions: The healthy diet indicator based on the WHO guidelines for the prevention of chronic diseases was calculated as reported by Huijbregts et al (1998; Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 52, 826-831). Food intake was estimated by means of a 180-item food-frequency questionnaire and nutrient intake was calculated using the food composition database compiled for epidemiologic studies in Italy. The cognitive function was categorized into four levels normal cognition, mild, moderate and severe cognitive deficit-according to the neuropsychological test score. The relationship beween the dietary and the ordinal cognitive function variables was studied using the proportional-odds model. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, education, total energy intake, cigarrette smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity, a better healthy diet score was associated with a lower prevalence of cognitive deficit. The cumulative odds ratio was 0.85 (95% Cl 0.77-0.93). Conclusions: Our results suggest an association beween a globally satisfactory diet and better cognitive performance in the elderly. However, the specific aspects of a 'healthy diet' for the elderly should be clarified. Sponsorship: National Research Council (Italy), 'Invecehiamento' Project no. 95.01048.PF40.