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A proposed project termination audit model
Abstract
Project postmortem analysis, if conducted at all, is generally cursory. Often organizational pressures preclude an independent and comprehensive examination of completed projects. A project audit or outcome evaluation can be extremely constructive and a valuable tool for both the technical and managerial organization. Not only can it help focus on objectives and the accomplishment of those objectives, but it can also provide guidance to the conceptual, formative, and operational phases of future projects.
... Studies on project failures are imperative as everyone, in general, is associated with various financial and non-financial losses which can thwart the development of other potential projects. Additionally, learning from a project failure can play a key role in the planning and monitoring of future projects to ensure the long-term success of any organisation aiming for continuous improvement (Boddie, 1987;Cope, 2010;Edmondson, 2011;Ellinas, Allan, & Johansson, 2016;Ewusi-Mensah & Prazasnyski, 1994;Huang, Nie, & Mak, 1999;Kannan, Manohar, & Kumaran, 2017;Nelson, 2005Nelson, , 2007Pinto & Kharbanda, 1996;Roman, 1983;Shepherd & Cardon, 2009;Shepherd et al., 2014;Von Zedtwitz, 2002;Zheng, Liu, & Xiao, 2018). ...
Although projects are considered indispensable elements across many industries, practitioners and researchers have realised that projects' high failure rates are costing many firms several million dollars a year. This paper presents the first comprehensive and systematic literature review of failed projects. In our research, we noticed an increasing trend in publications for case study-based research which limits the generalising of the findings due to the customised nature of these projects. Most of these failed project studies were conducted in the information technology (IT) sector due to its projectbased organisational structure. We found that less effort has been made to analyse the similarities and differences in project monitoring and performance assessment approaches under diverse scenarios (e.g., process improvement, R&D, etc.). We also identified the need for more research on project failure predictions under dynamic scenarios, and we therefore recommended the input-process-output model for project monitoring and evaluation.
... Raelin & Balachandra, 1985 ) . Shepherd et al, 2014 ) : Roman, 1983 ) . Havila et al, 2013 ) . ...
اختتام پروژه دومین مرحله بحرانی یک پروژه است، هیچ‌کس راه‌اندازی کارآمد پروژه را به‌خاطر نمی‌آورد اما همگان اختتام ناکارآمد را به یاد می‌آورند و پیامدهای آن تا مدت‌ها باقی می‌ماند. طبق بررسی‌های صورت‌گرفته در پروژه‌های صنعت نفت و گاز کشور، فاز اختتام این پروژه‌ها تا چندین سال به‌طول می‌انجامد و بدین ترتیب طرفین پروژه چند سال پس از تکمیل درگیر تعارضات باقی‌مانده می‌باشند؛ این تطویل مدت هم موجب عدم توانایی شرکت‌های پیمان‌کار به جهت انجام پروژه‌های جدید می‌گردد و هم موجب می‌شود سازمان‌های کارفرما به‌جهت حضور شرکت‌های پیمان‌کار در پروژه، نتوانند عملیات بهره‌برداری را طبق اهداف و سیاست‌های خود به انجام برسانند. این تحقیق با ماهیت توصیفی اکتشافی، با بهره‌گیری از داده‌های کیفی و با استراتژی تحقیق چندموردی در پروژه‌هایی از سایت خشکی طرح توسعه فازهای 21-20 میدان گازی پارس جنوبی انجام شده است. چهار نمونه در دو گروه نسبتا موفق و نسبتا ناموفق و به‌روش نمونه‌گیری هدف‌مند برای انجام مطالعات میدانی پژوهش انتخاب شد. داده‌های تحقیق با بررسی اسناد و مدارک، انجام مصاحبه و مشاهده‌ی مستقیم جمع‌آوری شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها به‌صورت مقایسه‌ی وضعیت با استاندارد و مقایسه‌ی الگوهای موردی، میان‌موردی و کلّی انجام شد. یافته‌های تحقیق به 10 گروه از عوامل تقسیم‌بندی شد که 6 گروه از آن به‌عنوان عوامل کلیدی شناسایی گردید. راهکارهای تحقیق نیز در 8 گروه پیشنهاد شد. با مقایسه‌ی نتایج مطالعات کتاب‌خانه‌ای و میدانی و تطبیق آن‌ها مشاهده شد نتایج این تحقیق تصدیق کننده نتایج حاصل از مرور ادبیات می‌باشد.
This paper serves as a stimulus to investigators to examine the role project postmortem analyses plays in learning from abandoned electronic commerce (e-commerce) projects. While prior research has identified the importance of the review process, there has been very little research on project postmortems on abandoned e-commerce projects. The case demonstrates six critical factors to conduct successful project reviews and offers several important managerial guidelines. Finally, when analysing mistakes and their principal causes, there is one important lesson that we should learn. That is, all organisations make mistakes and there is the potential for learning from abandonment experiences.
Information systems failure is a widely recognized problem in the IS community. However, abandonment of IS projects is an aspect of IS failure that has not gained much attention in either IS practice or research. This article examines the organizational practices resulting in the underlying characteristics of IS project abandonment. The results of a survey show IS project abandonment to be a complex multidimensional issue defying easy explanations. IS projects may be abandoned for any combination of factors including cost overruns and/or schedule slippages, technological inadequacies, and behavioral, political, or organizational issues. The last set of factors emerged as being the most dominant in most companies' decisions.
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