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Actividad Antiparasitaria de plantas medicinales de la Amazonia Peruana
... Therefore, the use of natural products is an important strategy to identify new trypanocidal compounds, and the literature already described promising studies with the use of EOs, found in some species of plants in many tropical countries [44]. ...
... (40), and geranyl acetate(41); from C. giganteus: trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol(42), trans-carveol(43), trans-p-mentha-2,8-dienol(44), cis-p-mentha-2,8-dienol(45), cis-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol (46), limonene(8), cis-carveol (47), cis-carvone (48), 4,4-dimethylandrost-5-en-3-one(49) and trans-carene-4,5-epoxy (50); from C. nardus: β-citronellol (51), elemol (52), limonene (8), α-cadinol(53), Chemical structure of the main constituents identified from Eugenia brejoensis EO. Chemical structure of γ-caryophyllene (36) -one of the main constituents identified from Syzygium aromaticum EO. ...
The term neglected diseases refers to a group of infections caused by various classes of pathogens, including protozoa, viruses, bacteria, and helminths, most often affecting impoverished populations without adequate sanitation living in close contact with infectious vectors and domestic animals. The fact that these diseases were historically not considered priorities for pharmaceutical companies made the available treatments options obsolete, precarious, outdated, and in some cases nonexistent. The use of plants for medicinal, religious, and cosmetic purposes has a history dating back to the emergence of humanity. One of the principal fractions of chemical substances found in plants are essential oils (EOs). EOs consist of a mixture of volatile and hydrophobic secondary metabolites with marked odors, composed primarily of terpenes and phenylpropanoids. They have great commercial value and were widely used in traditional medicine, by phytotherapy practitioners, and in public health services for the treatment of several conditions, including neglected diseases. In addition to the recognized cytoprotective and antioxidative activities of many of these compounds, larvicidal, insecticidal, and antiparasitic activities have been associated with the induction of oxidative stress in parasites, increasing levels of nitric oxide in the infected host, reducing parasite resistance to reactive oxygen species, and increasing lipid peroxidation, ultimately leading to serious damage to cell membranes. The hydrophobicity of these compounds also allows them to cross the membranes of parasites as well as the blood-brain barrier, collaborating in combat at the second stage of several of these infections. Based on these considerations, the aim of this review was to present an update of the potential of EOs, their fractions, and their chemical constituents, against some neglected diseases, including American and African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and arboviruses, specially dengue.
... The species from this genus exhibit considerable chemical variations. One important substance detected in these plants was squalene, which had activities against tumor cells, anti-protozoal (leishmanicidal and trypanomicidal) activities, and was hepatoprotective and an immuno-stimulant (Di Stasi, 1995;Isaza et al., 2007;Satalaya et al., 2009). ...
... This study was designed based on the ethnobotanic use of B. grossularioides by the local population in a traditional community from the Amazonian region in Brazil. However, according to Table 1, the in vitro experiments did not give any evidence of efficacy for the use of the decoction or the infusion of the aerial parts of this plant as an antimicrobial against C. albicans, C. krusei, and S. aureus, which are the etiological agents of the diseases for which folk medicine recommends the use of this plant (Mors et al., 2000;Satalaya et al., 2009). ...
The use of plants or their parts as alternative therapies for disease is very common in many countries worldwide. Secondary metabolites present in the extracts of certain plants can inhibit or halt the development of certain pathogen species. The present study assessed the possible antimicrobial activities of a popular crude aqueous extract. The aerial parts of the Amazon tree Bellucia grossularioides (L) Triana (popularly known as Muúba or Angry-Jambo) were prepared according to folk recommendations and tested against four microorganisms related to health concerns in three concentrations (20, 10 and 5 mg/ml). The results showed no antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Candida krusei, which cause furunculosis and leukorrhea, respectively. Additionally, growth inhibition of the toxigenic fungus Aspergillus parasiticus was assayed in vitro and the results showed no inhibitory activity for any of the tested concentrations. These findings contradict the traditional knowledge and may assist the targeting of future therapeutics practices. However, an inhibitory effect was observed for all forms of the preparations and concentrations tested on the roots of Allium cepa, indicating phytotoxic effects.
... Este procedimiento se realizó con cada uno de los 3 disolventes. (Satalaya, et al. 2009). ...
... Son numerosas las plantas que de forma tradicional han sido empleadas como antiparasitarios en humanos y animales en América (Cáceres y Machain, 2001;Hall et al., 2002;Terceros, 2007;Satalaya et al., 2009) y en el resto del mundo (Akhtar et al., 2000;Giday, 2001;Urban et al., 2008). Sin embargo, es notorio el vacío en el conocimiento farmacológico empírico de estas plantas. ...
Los parásitos intestinales constituyen uno de los factores que causan mayor pérdida económica en las producciones pecuarias, y en los equinos no es la excepción. Los antihelmínticos comerciales presentan diversos limitantes, como su elevado costo, la resistencia parasitaria, e incluso efectos medioambientales, como la destrucción de organismos esenciales para incorporar la materia fecal animal al suelo. Por lo anterior, se considera pertinente el uso de productos naturales, como el orégano (Origanum vulgare), como alternativa natural antihelmíntica, el cual posee otras propiedades que podrían beneficiar a los equinos, como su efecto antimicrobiano y su contenido de aceites esenciales. Sus principios activos son el carvacrol y el timol, que tienen propiedades antimicrobianas y antiparasitarias, y han sido utilizados en especies como cerdos, aves y ovinos. En ese contexto, el objetivo del presente artículo es evaluar el efecto antihelmíntico del orégano (Origanum vulgare) vs. el febendazol en 22 equinos, en un predio del municipio de Paujil (Caquetá). El resultado encontrado es que el aceite de orégano (Origanum vulgare), tiene una efectividad del 90,70 %, y el febendazol del 93,64 %. Esta investigación no reportó efectos adversos secundarios a simple vista, o de observación, resultantes de la administración de orégano a los equinos. Es importante señalar que el uso de este producto natural se presenta como una gran opción para el control y la prevención de parasitosis en equinos; además, es una excelente opción económica para la población de caballistas que poseen bajo presupuesto y escasos recursos. En los análisis coprológicos, la especie parasitaria de mayor prevalencia en el predio del municipio de Paujil (Caquetá) fue el Strongylus equinus.
... Son numerosas las plantas que de forma tradicional han sido empleadas como antiparasitarios en humanos y animales en Ámerica (Cáceres & Machain, 2001;Hall et al., 2002;Terceros, 2007;Satalaya et al., 2009) y en el resto del mundo (Akhtar et al., 2000;Fresquet, 2001;Giday, 2001;Urban et al., 2008). Sin embargo, es notorio el vacío en el conocimiento farmacológico empírico de estas plantas en Chile. ...
O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar o potencial de plantas que crecem na
região de Coquimbo, no controle de nematódeos gastrintestinais em caprinos. Nós
usamos uma abordagem não-experimental para validar a eficácia potencial das
plantas medicinais como anti-helmínticos. Esta validação foi realizada com base
em uma revisão da extensa literatura consultada a respeito de plantas
medicinais. Determinou-se o um potencial de eficácia das plantas, da
consistência das informações sobre o uso tradicional, os compostos presentes e
farmacologia. Analisamos também os dados dos potenciais efeitos adversos que
impedem seu uso em animais. Antecedentes apoiam a um alto potencial da eficácia
como anti-helmíntico para se três espécies de plantas que crescem na região de
Coquimbo: Allium sativum L., Artemisia
absinthium L. e Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Os
possíveis efeitos secundários do consumo de plantas medicinais ou seus derivados
devem ser avaliadas em testes de campo antes de serem utilizados nas em escala
produtiva.
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