Content uploaded by Hadi Amrollahi
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Hadi Amrollahi on Feb 17, 2014
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Artemisia absinthium and Chemical Composition of its Essential Oil
Abstract and Figures
Nature has been a source of medicinal agents for thousands of years and has been isolated the number of modern drugs from natural resources. Artemisia absinthium used for a variety of medicinal purposes and therapeutic targets in all over the world, such as localized pains, contusion inflammation, anti-rheumatic, include fever reduction, digestive ailments and muscle pain.
This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity of essential oil and aqueous extract from Artemisia absinthium for the first time. Chemical compositions of the essential oil were determined by GC/MS. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Analgesic activity was assessed by acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and hot plate tests in mice. Pretreatment with the essential oil (at the dose of 2, 4 and 8mg/kg) and aqueous extract (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) showed potential anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects to different level. The essential oil at 4 and 8 mg/kg significantly reduced carrageenan induced paw edema. The essential oil and aqueous extract produced significant decreased number of writhing in acetic acid-induced writhing model and increased the response latency in hot plate test after 30 min. Both Essential oil and aqueous extract significantly suppressed in a dose-dependent manner the nociceptive response in the formalin test, while the effect on the late phase was more pronounced. GC–MS analyses showed the presence of twenty components in essential oil. The essential oil and aqueous extract possesses excellent anti-inflammatory activity as well as antinociceptive properties especially peripheral analgesic.
Keywords: Artemisia absinthium, essential oil, aqueous extract, anti-inflammation, analgesic, GC/MS.
Figures - uploaded by Hadi Amrollahi
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Hadi Amrollahi
Content may be subject to copyright.
... The main monoterpenoids found in the oil include α-thujone, esters of thujyl alcohol, β-thujone, thujane, and camphene [67]. Other monoterpenoids found in the wormwood essential oil include, (E)-epoxyocimene [74], (Z)-epoxyocimene [66,74], 1,8-cineole [17,20,27,66,[74][75][76], carvacol, (Z)-6,7-epoxyocimene, geranyl pentanoate, (Z)-carveol, p-menth-3-en-9-ol, (E)-6,7-epoxyocimene, neryl acetate, geranial [20], pulegone, isobornyl acetate, geranyl 2-methylbutanoate, isobornyl propanoate, neryl 2methylpropanoate, geranyl 3-methylbutanoate, bornyl 3methylbutanoate, linalyl butanoate, linalyl 3methylbutanoate, (Z)-β-epoxyocimene, (E)-sabinene hydrate, α-fenchene, fenchone [75], neryl-2-methylbutanoate [75,76], lyratyl acetate, 2-β-pinene [77], linalyl-3methylbutanoate [20,76], neryl-3-methylbutanoate [75,76], (E)-sabinol, terpinene-4-ol, (E)-sabinene hydrate [75,78], allo-ocimene [20,80], (Z)-verbenol, p-cymen-8-ol, (Z)nerolidol, (Z)-sabinene hydrate, α-terpinene, α-terpinyl acetate, borneol, terpinolene, (E)-β-ocimene [79], chrysanthenol, (Z)-chrysanthenol [27,74,80,81], (Z)epoxyocimene [27,76,80,81], phellandrene epoxide, thujol [20,80], eugenol [20,75,78,82], geraniol [17,20,78,82], Iso-3-thujanol [82], β-linalool, lavandulyl acetate, geranyl isovalerate, allo-ocimene, [79], camphor [78,80,83], carvone [76,78], lavandulol [75,[78][79][80], limonene [75,77,78,80], linalool [20, 74-76, 78, 80, 81], myrcene [66,76],geranyl acetate,(Z)-β-ocimene, neral, neryl acetate [20,78], nerol [20,66,76,78,82], bornyl acetate [27,75,78,80], chrysanthenyl acetate [27,66,76,80,82], isothujyl acetate, (Z)-thujone, artemisia ketone, pinene, phellandrene, (E)-verbenol, (E)-thujone [76], 3-methylbutanoate, (Z)-chrysanthenyl acetate [20,66], linalyl acetate [66,75,78,80], sabinyl acetate [20,27,78,80], (E)-sabinyl acetate [66,75,76,83], thujyl acetate [17], p-cymene [17,20,66,75,78], linalyl propionate [75,80], sabinene [20,75,76,80], thymol [80], santolinatriene [75,77], (Z)-linalool oxide [75,78,80], (E)-linalool oxide [78,80], epoxyocymene [76,80], tricyclene, [84] α-phellandrene [20,66,75], α-pinene [17,20,66,74,75,80], α-terpineol [17,20,77,80], α-thujene [20,75,78], β-phellandrene [17,20,78], β-myrcene [20,74,75,83], β-pinene [66,75,76,83], β-thujone [17,20,27,80,82,85,86], Ƴ-terpinene [20,75,78]. In contrast to sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, monoterpene hydrocarbons are the major constituents in A. absinthium [18]. ...
... The main monoterpenoids found in the oil include α-thujone, esters of thujyl alcohol, β-thujone, thujane, and camphene [67]. Other monoterpenoids found in the wormwood essential oil include, (E)-epoxyocimene [74], (Z)-epoxyocimene [66,74], 1,8-cineole [17,20,27,66,[74][75][76], carvacol, (Z)-6,7-epoxyocimene, geranyl pentanoate, (Z)-carveol, p-menth-3-en-9-ol, (E)-6,7-epoxyocimene, neryl acetate, geranial [20], pulegone, isobornyl acetate, geranyl 2-methylbutanoate, isobornyl propanoate, neryl 2methylpropanoate, geranyl 3-methylbutanoate, bornyl 3methylbutanoate, linalyl butanoate, linalyl 3methylbutanoate, (Z)-β-epoxyocimene, (E)-sabinene hydrate, α-fenchene, fenchone [75], neryl-2-methylbutanoate [75,76], lyratyl acetate, 2-β-pinene [77], linalyl-3methylbutanoate [20,76], neryl-3-methylbutanoate [75,76], (E)-sabinol, terpinene-4-ol, (E)-sabinene hydrate [75,78], allo-ocimene [20,80], (Z)-verbenol, p-cymen-8-ol, (Z)nerolidol, (Z)-sabinene hydrate, α-terpinene, α-terpinyl acetate, borneol, terpinolene, (E)-β-ocimene [79], chrysanthenol, (Z)-chrysanthenol [27,74,80,81], (Z)epoxyocimene [27,76,80,81], phellandrene epoxide, thujol [20,80], eugenol [20,75,78,82], geraniol [17,20,78,82], Iso-3-thujanol [82], β-linalool, lavandulyl acetate, geranyl isovalerate, allo-ocimene, [79], camphor [78,80,83], carvone [76,78], lavandulol [75,[78][79][80], limonene [75,77,78,80], linalool [20, 74-76, 78, 80, 81], myrcene [66,76],geranyl acetate,(Z)-β-ocimene, neral, neryl acetate [20,78], nerol [20,66,76,78,82], bornyl acetate [27,75,78,80], chrysanthenyl acetate [27,66,76,80,82], isothujyl acetate, (Z)-thujone, artemisia ketone, pinene, phellandrene, (E)-verbenol, (E)-thujone [76], 3-methylbutanoate, (Z)-chrysanthenyl acetate [20,66], linalyl acetate [66,75,78,80], sabinyl acetate [20,27,78,80], (E)-sabinyl acetate [66,75,76,83], thujyl acetate [17], p-cymene [17,20,66,75,78], linalyl propionate [75,80], sabinene [20,75,76,80], thymol [80], santolinatriene [75,77], (Z)-linalool oxide [75,78,80], (E)-linalool oxide [78,80], epoxyocymene [76,80], tricyclene, [84] α-phellandrene [20,66,75], α-pinene [17,20,66,74,75,80], α-terpineol [17,20,77,80], α-thujene [20,75,78], β-phellandrene [17,20,78], β-myrcene [20,74,75,83], β-pinene [66,75,76,83], β-thujone [17,20,27,80,82,85,86], Ƴ-terpinene [20,75,78]. In contrast to sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, monoterpene hydrocarbons are the major constituents in A. absinthium [18]. ...
... The main monoterpenoids found in the oil include α-thujone, esters of thujyl alcohol, β-thujone, thujane, and camphene [67]. Other monoterpenoids found in the wormwood essential oil include, (E)-epoxyocimene [74], (Z)-epoxyocimene [66,74], 1,8-cineole [17,20,27,66,[74][75][76], carvacol, (Z)-6,7-epoxyocimene, geranyl pentanoate, (Z)-carveol, p-menth-3-en-9-ol, (E)-6,7-epoxyocimene, neryl acetate, geranial [20], pulegone, isobornyl acetate, geranyl 2-methylbutanoate, isobornyl propanoate, neryl 2methylpropanoate, geranyl 3-methylbutanoate, bornyl 3methylbutanoate, linalyl butanoate, linalyl 3methylbutanoate, (Z)-β-epoxyocimene, (E)-sabinene hydrate, α-fenchene, fenchone [75], neryl-2-methylbutanoate [75,76], lyratyl acetate, 2-β-pinene [77], linalyl-3methylbutanoate [20,76], neryl-3-methylbutanoate [75,76], (E)-sabinol, terpinene-4-ol, (E)-sabinene hydrate [75,78], allo-ocimene [20,80], (Z)-verbenol, p-cymen-8-ol, (Z)nerolidol, (Z)-sabinene hydrate, α-terpinene, α-terpinyl acetate, borneol, terpinolene, (E)-β-ocimene [79], chrysanthenol, (Z)-chrysanthenol [27,74,80,81], (Z)epoxyocimene [27,76,80,81], phellandrene epoxide, thujol [20,80], eugenol [20,75,78,82], geraniol [17,20,78,82], Iso-3-thujanol [82], β-linalool, lavandulyl acetate, geranyl isovalerate, allo-ocimene, [79], camphor [78,80,83], carvone [76,78], lavandulol [75,[78][79][80], limonene [75,77,78,80], linalool [20, 74-76, 78, 80, 81], myrcene [66,76],geranyl acetate,(Z)-β-ocimene, neral, neryl acetate [20,78], nerol [20,66,76,78,82], bornyl acetate [27,75,78,80], chrysanthenyl acetate [27,66,76,80,82], isothujyl acetate, (Z)-thujone, artemisia ketone, pinene, phellandrene, (E)-verbenol, (E)-thujone [76], 3-methylbutanoate, (Z)-chrysanthenyl acetate [20,66], linalyl acetate [66,75,78,80], sabinyl acetate [20,27,78,80], (E)-sabinyl acetate [66,75,76,83], thujyl acetate [17], p-cymene [17,20,66,75,78], linalyl propionate [75,80], sabinene [20,75,76,80], thymol [80], santolinatriene [75,77], (Z)-linalool oxide [75,78,80], (E)-linalool oxide [78,80], epoxyocymene [76,80], tricyclene, [84] α-phellandrene [20,66,75], α-pinene [17,20,66,74,75,80], α-terpineol [17,20,77,80], α-thujene [20,75,78], β-phellandrene [17,20,78], β-myrcene [20,74,75,83], β-pinene [66,75,76,83], β-thujone [17,20,27,80,82,85,86], Ƴ-terpinene [20,75,78]. In contrast to sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes, monoterpene hydrocarbons are the major constituents in A. absinthium [18]. ...
Plants have been used since the earliest times to manage various diseases, and many of these plants are being used as conventional remedies for various disorders today. Biologically active ingredients isolated from medicinal plants and extracts are receiving a lot of attention these days, partly because modern-day medication has a lot of side effects and somewhat because pathogenic microorganisms are becoming more resistant to antibiotics and many other treatments. Artemisia is the broadly dispersed genus of the family Asteraceae and encompasses almost five hundred species. Amongst these species, Artemisia absinthium L. is a familiar herb called Wormwood in English and Urdu, generally known as Afsanteen. In history, this species was recognized as important, and in old Europe, it was called “the most important master against all exhaustion”. A. absinthium has various benefits in treating pathological conditions such as gastric problems, fever, inflammation, and urinary disorders. The official European medicine uses A. absinthium in both allopathy and homeopathy. The herb was used to treat bladder diseases, anemia, helminthiasis, insomnia, fever, and trouble healing wounds and to treat gastrointestinal disorders in Asian and European traditional medicine. Mono and sesquiterpenes are the major pharmacologically active constituents of A. absinthium. Wormwood is a valuable resource of chemically new constituents and requires comprehensive screening approaches to emphasize the phytoconstituents and pharmacological actions at the molecular level. The core focus of this review is to provide complete information about the scientific evidence-based pharmacological activities, traditional uses, and phytoconstituents from A. absinthium. The collation of literature has been done by using references from main databases such as PubMed, Research gate, Scopes, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Chemical Abstracts, Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstracts, classical books, and pharmacopeias.
... extracts. In the most of discussed Artemisia ssp., the presence of caffeic acid (Figure 4a [20,35,54,58,74,76,84,97,101,111,113,114,116,[121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128]. In addition to the abovementioned compounds, protocatechuic acid has also been found in A. abrotanum and A. vulgaris [20,58,116,127,128], whereas gallic acid and salicylic acid have been reported in A. absinthium [35,76,84,121,122]. ...
... In the most of discussed Artemisia ssp., the presence of caffeic acid (Figure 4a [20,35,54,58,74,76,84,97,101,111,113,114,116,[121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128]. In addition to the abovementioned compounds, protocatechuic acid has also been found in A. abrotanum and A. vulgaris [20,58,116,127,128], whereas gallic acid and salicylic acid have been reported in A. absinthium [35,76,84,121,122]. All compounds present in the discussed Artemisia ssp. ...
... A. abrotanum artemisin, santonin [58] apigenin, artemetin, casticin centaureidine, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, kaempferol, luteolin, myricetin, patuletin, rutoside, quercetin, quercetol [58] coumarin, esculetin, herniarin, isofraxidine, scopoletin, umbelliferone [116,117] caffeic acid, caftaric acid, p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, gentisic acid, isochlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, rosmarinic acid, sinapic acid, syryngic acid, vanillic acid [20,58,116] A. absinthium absintholide, absinthin, anabsin, anabsinthin, arabsin, artabin, artabsin, artenolide, caruifolin D, deacetyloglobicin, germacranolide, hydroxypelenolide, isoabsinthin, ketopelenolide, ketopepenolid-A, matricin, parishine B and C, β-santonin, santonin-related lactones [9,35,75,76,121,129,130] apigenin, artemetin, Artemisia bis-isoflavonyl dirhamnoside, Artemisia isoflavonyl glucosyl diester, casticin, catechin, flavone, 5-hydroxy-3,3 ,4 ,6,7-pentamethoxyflavone, glycosides of quercetin, kaempferol, myristin, naringenin, quercetin, quercetin dihydrate, quercetin-3-rutinoside, 5,6,3, 5 -tetramethoxy 7,4 -hydroxyflavone, rutoside [9,34,35,84] coumarin, herniarin [84,89] caffeic acid, 5 -O-caffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, 1 ,3 -O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 1 ,5 -O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 3 ,5 -O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4 ,5 -O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, rosmarinic acid, salicylic acid, syryngic acid, tannic acid, vanillic acid [35,76,84,121,122] ...
Artemisia species play a vital role in traditional and contemporary medicine. Among them, Artemisia abrotanum, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia annua, Artemisia dracunculus, and Artemisia vulgaris are the most popular. The chemical composition and bioactivity of these species have been extensively studied. Studies on these species have confirmed their traditional applications and documented new pharmacological directions and their valuable and potential applications in cosmetology. Artemisia ssp. primarily contain sesquiterpenoid lactones, coumarins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Essential oils obtained from these species are of great biological importance. Extracts from Artemisia ssp. have been scientifically proven to exhibit, among others, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidepressant, cytotoxic, and digestion-stimulating activities. In addition, their application in cosmetic products is currently the subject of several studies. Essential oils or extracts from different parts of Artemisia ssp. have been characterized by antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities. Products with Artemisia extracts, essential oils, or individual compounds can be used on skin, hair, and nails. Artemisia products are also used as ingredients in skincare cosmetics, such as creams, shampoos, essences, serums, masks, lotions, and tonics. This review focuses especially on elucidating the importance of the most popular/important species of the Artemisia genus in the cosmetic industry.
... It has been reported that rutin and its derivatives appear to constitute the main flavonoid glycoside in F. esculentum and F. tataricum [54]. Concerning flavonoids, rutin, quercitrin, isoquercitrin, quercetin, and kaempferol are among the most abundant flavonoids found in the extracts of different Artemisia species [43,52,[55][56][57]. Two compounds of the flavones (luteolin-7-glucoside and luteolin-7-rutinoside) were identified in the extracts of Artemisia species. ...
Over the past ten years, particular attention has been paid to Artemisia L. genus plants and their chemical composition. Artemisia abrotanum L. and Artemisia absinthium L., which are traditional medicinal, aromatic plants with a strong digestive activity that is determined by the various phytochemicals. The research aim was to determine the variation in polyphenols in the samples of different vegetation stages of two Artemisia species and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts in vitro. Phytochemical analysis of the Artemisia samples was carried out using spectrophotometric methods and HPLC-PDA techniques, while antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays. Significant differences in the diversity of phenolic compounds were found among Artemisia species during vegetation stages. Chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, and rutin were predominant among the phenolic compounds. The study provides valuable insights into the composition of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in Artemisia plants at different growth stages, shedding light on their potential pharmacological effects and antioxidant activities. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the quality and safety of herbal materials derived from Artemisia species.
... The difference between initial and subsequent readings gave the change in edema volume for the corresponding time. The paw volume was calculated as V -V 0 (mm), The edema volumes of the control group (V -V 0 ) c and the treated group (V -V 0 ) t were used to calculate the percentage (%) inhibition and % edema volume using following formula (Elsharkawy et al., 2013;Ghlissi et al., 2016;Hadi et al., 2014;Ouédraogo et al., 2012;Süleyman et al., 1999): ...
... Artemisia absinthium L. (family: Asteraceae), or wormwood, is a shrub-like perennial herb widely grown in the Middle East, Asia, Europe, and North Africa (Batiha et al., 2020). A. absinthium has numerous pharmacological activities, including neuroprotective , hepatoprotective (Amat et al., 2010), antipyretic , antidepressant (Mahmoudi et al., 2009), antibacterial (Dvorkin-Camiel andWhelan, 2008), and anti-inflammatory (Hadi et al., 2014) activities. Additionally, it has a wide range of antioxidant (Msaada et al., 2015) properties. ...
Objective:
The present study examined the effects of Artemisia absinthium L. on scopolamine-induced memory dysfunction and brain tissue oxidative damage in rats.
Materials and methods:
Fifty rats were used in five groups: Control: received dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)/saline, Scopolamine: scopolamine (2 mg/kg) was administered along with DMSO/saline, and Scopolamine-Ext 50, Scopolamine-Ext 100, and Scopolamine-Ext 200 groups: A. absinthium hydroalcoholic extract 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were administered before scopolamine. The Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tasks were used for assessment of behavioral parameters. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, total thiol, catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured in the cortex and hippocampus.
Results:
A. absinthium decreased the delay time and distance traveled to reach the platform in the MWM test (p<0.05-p<0.001). Besides, the extract increased the delay time to pass in the dark and the light time while decreasing the number of entrances and the dark time in the PA task (p<0.05-p<0.001). In biochemical assessments, A. absinthium attenuated NO metabolites (p<0.001) and MDA (p<0.05- p<0.001) while enhanced total thiol (p<0.001), CAT and SOD (both p<0.05-p<0.001).
Conclusion:
This study revealed that A. absinthium improved memory and learning impairment and brain tissue oxidative damage in scopolamine-treated rats.
... The polysaccharides are most likely responsible for the immunomodulant effect, which is expressed through the regulation of the activation of Th1 cells (Danilets et al. 2010). The anti-inflammatory properties of the derivatives of this species are probably the result of the action of flavonoids and sesquiterpenes (Hadi et al. 2014). These should inhibit pro-inflammatory factors, such as bradykinins, histamine, prostaglandins, and serotonin. ...
... The cellular membrane glycoprotein are opioid receptors which are responsible to change the conduction of potassium (K + ) and calcium (Ca + ) ions (Du Pen et al., 2004). The study outcomes for possible mechanism of painare in agreement with the previous findings of Habib and Waheed (2013), (Afsar et al., 2013) and (Qing-Hu et al., 2015).Previous work done on different Artemisia species for analgesic response also reported dose dependent and solvent based activities such as; Hadi et al. (2014), Habib and Waheed (2013) and Ashok and Upadhyaya (2013). The analgesic activities in the current study confirmed the traditional uses of genus Artemisia administered as pain with scientific basisand confirmed the existence of antinociceptive potentials of A.maritima. ...
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103419.].
... Karimi et al. demonstrated that the methanolic extract of A. deserti Krasch could suppress nociception and inflammation in formalin and xylene tests in rats [23]. A. sieberi was also shown to be able to inhibit inflammatory and neurogenic pain in mice [24]. In addition, the alleviation of acetic acid-induced writhing pain and thermal nociception has been observed following the oral administration of the essential oil and aqueous extract of absinthium, a species of Artemisia [25]. ...
Keywords Abbreviations https://IJVST.um.ac.ir This study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of three different Artemisia species extracts on capsaicin-induced dental pulp pain and pain-associated changes in feeding behaviors in adult male Wistar rats. The animals were alienated into five groups (n=6), namely sham, capsaicin, and capsaicin groups pre-treated with hydroalcoholic extracts of A. sieberi, A. persica, and A. biennis. Pulpitis was evoked by the intradental administration of capsaicin (100 µg). The plant extracts (200 mg/kg intraperitoneal) were administered 10 min before capsaicin. Pain scores were recorded for 40 min. Afterward, feeding behavior was evaluated within 6 h. All extracts could suppress capsaicin-related dental pulp pain.
Furthermore, capsaicin decreased the number of visits to the feeding behavior evaluation device's food and water ports, which led to a reduced amount and duration of meals consumed. These harmful effects of capsaicin on meal duration and frequency were attenuated by A. persica. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of capsaicin on food intake and water consumption was suppressed by all the extracts. Overall, the present study showed that Artemisia species extracts were useful in suppressing capsaicin-induced pulpal pain and pain-induced feeding abnormalities. Pulpitis, Capsaicin, Food intake, Artemisia, Rats
Objective(s):
Increased quinolinic acid (QA) accumulation has been found in many neurodegenerative diseases. Artemisia absinthium (A. absinthium) has been reported to have neuroprotective and antioxidant activities. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of A. absinthium in QA-induced neurotoxicity in OLN-93 Cells.
Methods:
OLN-93 cells were cultured in a DMEM medium containing 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. The cells were pretreated with concentrations of A. absinthium extract for two h and then exposed to QA for 24 h. After 24 h cell viability, the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptotic cells were quantitated in OLN-93 Cells.
Results:
Pretreatment with A. absinthium extract prevented the loss of cell viability in OLN-93 cells. ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis in QA -injured OLN-93 cells were reduced following A. absinthium extract pretreatment.
Conclusion:
A. absinthium extract exerts its neuroprotective effect against QA-induced neurotoxicity via oxidative stress and apoptosis modulation.
Introduction
All aspects of sexual function are related to sexual satisfaction, and not paying attention to sexual problems leads to sexual dissatisfaction. According to studies, sexual satisfaction is a key factor in a couple's quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of wormwood vaginal gel in improving sexual function and sexual satisfaction in women of reproductive age.
Methods
This study was a randomized, triple-blinds, parallel-groups clinical trial performed on 76 women of reproductive age (18-45 years) referred to the gynecological clinic of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad who had sexual dysfunction and low sexual satisfaction. 76 women were assigned to the wormwood gel (n = 38) and placebo (n = 38) groups using random permuted blocks of sizes 4 or 6 and an allocation ratio of 1:1. Wormwood gel or placebo was used for 4 weeks and 3 times a week for 4 weeks from22 May to 23 October 2021. The main data collection tools were the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Larson Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (LSSQ) to access changes in sexual function and sexual satisfaction at baseline and after 4 weeks.
Results
The Mean and Standard Deviation of the age of the studied women was 36.8 ± 5.9 years in the intervention group and 37.1 ± 7.3 years in the placebo group. Before the intervention, the Mean and Standard Deviation of the total score of sexual function and sexual satisfaction in the studied women were 17.70 ± 3.66 and 72.20 ± 6.56 in the intervention group and in the placebo group were 18.23 ± 3.84 and 73.26 ± 5.86, respectively. At the end of the intervention, the Mean and Standard Deviation of the total score of female sexual function and sexual satisfaction in the intervention group were 32.11 ± 2.03 and 96.91 ± 7.93 and in the placebo group were 21.07 ± 3.22 and 75.91 ± 8.87, respectively. sexual function and satisfaction improved significantly in the wormwood gel compared to the control group(p<0.0001).
Conclusions
Based on the findings of this trial, it seems that the wormwood vaginal gel can be used as a topical supplement to improve sexual function and sexual satisfaction in women of reproductive age who have sexual dysfunction and low sexual satisfaction.
Adams, R. P. 2007. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry, 4th Edition. Allured Publ., Carol Stream, IL
Is out of print, but you can obtain a free pdf of it at
www.juniperus.org
