... These studies have spanned Europe (Amorim et al., 2014;Heuberger et al., 2017;Keatley & Hewitt, 2008;Knorr et al., 2014;Pleβmann & Blechinger, 2017;Schlachtberger et al., 2017), Australia (Elliston et al., 2014;Lenzen et al., 2016;Riesz et al., 2015), South America (Costa et al., 2022;Odeh & Watts, 2019), and North America (MacDonald et al., 2016;Mai et al., 2014;McPherson, 2023;Mileva et al., 2016;Radpour et al., 2021;Safaei & Keith, 2015;Sepulveda et al., 2018;Shaner et al., 2018). They vary from full net-zero electricity emission modelling e.g., (Ruhnau & Qvist, 2022) to pathway modelling which includes intermediary carbon constraints e.g., (Duan et al., 2022), and from simpler copper plate models e.g., (Tong et al., 2020) to advanced capacity expansion and unit commitment models e.g., (de Sisternes et al., 2016). ...