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Antibacterial Activity of Psoralea corylifolia L. Seed and Aerial Parts with Various Extraction Methods
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to screen thirteen plants for their in vitro antibacterial potentiality. The antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the plants was evaluated against 5 microorganisms by agar well diffusion method. The screening experiments showed that 92% of the plants were active against gram positive bacteria while only 54% of plants were active against Gram negative bacteria. Amongst the 13 plants screened, Psoralea corylifolia showed best antibacterial activity and hence this plant was selected for further studies. The seed and aerial parts of Psoralea corylifolia was extracted successively using a series of various organic solvents. The antibacterial activity of these extracts was done against 5 microorganisms by agar disc diffusion method. All the extracts of seed and aerial parts were active against S. epidermidis and P. morganii while none of the extracts were active against A. fecalis. Maximum antibacterial activity was shown by dioxan extract of the seed. The present findings suggest that the dioxan extract of seed of P. corylifolia can be used as a promising novel antibacterial agent in the near future. & copy:2011 Academic Journals Inc.
... In recent years, herbal therapy coined as a more precise synonym of complementary medicine [7], [8]. Despite the advantage of synthetic medicines and antibiotics, the importance and demand for herbal derivatives were reduced in the developed nations, however, recent years witness there is a changing in paradigm shift from synthetic to herbal medicine and termed now as "Return back to Nature's gift as drugs [9], [10], [11]. ...
... In recent years, the importance of medicinal herbs place in traditional medical practice are gaining increasing attention [4], [5], [6], [9]. The resurgence of interest in herbal plants is growing phenomenally worldwide more specifically in the developing countries as they have accepted traditional medicine as an integral part of their culture [12]. ...
... There are roughly 4000 species and 250 genera in the Acanthaceae family is referred to as the "king of bitters". The Andrographis family is comprised of [29] different species, which include A. alata, A. paniculata, A. longipedunculata, A. elongata, A. gracilis, A. affinis, and A. macrobotrys [9], [22]. There are many known medicinal attributions proposed for this family plants [23], [24] as they contain many bioactive principles such as saponins, flavonoids, quinones, phenols, terpenoids, tannins, and heart glycosides [25]. ...
BACKGROUND: Nature has been a soul source of therapeutic pharmaceutics for a long time and a notable number of advanced pharmaceutics have been invented from this source. Numerous drug leads were identified with the contribution of combinatorial and other allied field experts in the traditional medicine field. The World Health Organization (WHO) characterizes complementary medication as the “wide range of heath practice approaches for prevention, diagnosis and treatment”. However, there is an urgent necessity to validate the obtained information by employing various advanced techniques and tools before it has applied for drug discovery or as effective therapeutics in the clinic along with existing therapies. AIM: Hence, vigorous investigations on herbal plants are required to assess their pharmacological properties and efficacy. India is one of the richest emporia of herbal plants and termed as ‘Botanical Garden’ of the world because of its long history in the traditional knowledge on herbal plants and significant contribution and application in the modern medical practice. Ethno pharmacological evidence measured as an effective tool in the novel discovery of novel drug leads from herbal plants and is a pre-requisite for the practice of plant derived active secondary metabolites. The members of the Acanthaceae family have therapeutic importance owing to the existence of many active secondary bioactive principles or novel phytoconstituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study embarked into Andrographis alata (AA), one of the less explored but well prescribed traditional plants and validated its medicinal properties using various techniques. RESULTS: Since, other species of Andrographis, possessed ample alkaloids and diterpenoids which exhibited varied therapeutic properties which include pharmacological and antimicrobial activities, this AA less investigated multiple aspects including its phyto-screening. CONCLUSION: The phytochemicals obtained from AA with its multifaceted activities may serve the ideal therapeutic as well as an analogue for many combinatorial drugs. This study also justified the traditional values in the complementary system and therapeutic values. However, further investigations on its various bioactive principles and their mechanism of action are highly warranted.
... 9,17 Psoralen inhibits the growth of bacteria such as M canis, M gypseum, T rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, S. aureus, C. albicans and E. coli. 18 The MIC of methanol extract of P. corylifolia L. seeds was reported to be in the 2.5 to 5 mg/mL range for the majority of pathogens. 10 The synergistic effect of Psoralea corylifolia and Plumbago zeylanica methanol extracts has never been described before. ...
... Bhaisare (2023) reported that the additional consumption of food and the additional growth in larva leading to the improvement in the cocoon characters after the treatment of ethanolic plant extractives of BmNPV inoculated larvae. Plants are having potential of secondary metabolites, such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids, which have been found to have antimicrobial properties (Manimegalai et al., 2006;Chanda, 2011, Sithi Jameela Muthu Mohammed et al., 2023. Recently the efforts have been made to promote the use of plant products against the infectious diseases of silkworm as an alternative for chemical control. ...
In this research 3000, 5000 and 8000ppm concentration of ethanolic extractives of leaves of Eupatorium odaratum, Hyptis suaveolens and fruits of Aegle marmelos were tested on mulberry silkworm fifth instar larvae of PMxCSR2 inoculated with Bombyx mori Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (BmNPV). Extractives of A. marmelos, H. suaveolens and E. odaratum showed promising results against BmNPV of silkworm larvae @8000 ppm. Total improvement occurs in the function of neurosecretory cells (NSC), A1 and A2 cells of median neurosecretory cells (MNC) group. Also found that, NCC I and II, corpus cardiacum (CC) lobes and fine branching of NCA I over corpus allatum (CA) showed strongly stained PF positive granules of NSM due to the subsequent treatment of given ethanolic plant extractives which reduced BmNPV infection about (30 - 40%).
... Metaanalysis of older studies of vinpocetine in poorly-defined dementia populations concluded that there is insufficient evidence to support its clinical use at this time. Vinpocetine has been well tolerated at doses up to 60 mg/d in clinical trials of dementia and stroke, and no significant adverse events [59] Other Activities: Vinpocetine is contra-indicated with any blood thinning agents such as warfarin, aspirin as well as some dietary supplements like ginkgo, vitamin E and garlic [60]. ...
Ayurveda is the Indian traditional system of medicine which focuses on the medical potential of plants. Catharanthus roseus is one plant recognized well in Ayurveda. It is an evergreen plant first originated from islands of Madagascar. The flowers may vary in colour from pink to purple and leaves are arranged in opposite pairs. It produces nearly 130 alkaloids mainly ajmalicine, vincamine, reserpine, vincristine, vinblastine and raubasin. Vincristine and vinblastine are used for the treatment of various types of cancer such as Hodgkin's disease, breast cancer, skin cancer and lymphoblastic leukemia. It is an endangered species and need to be conserved using techniques like micropropagation. It has many pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, wound healing, anti-ulcer, hypotensive, antidiarrhoeal, hypolipidemic and memory enhancement. The purpose of the current study is to document updated data about its traditional uses, isolated bioactive compounds and pharmacological activities reported. keywords: Catharanthus roseus, phytochemicals, vincristine, vinblastine. INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic plants have a long history of utilization in customary medication. Ethno-herbal data on therapeutic plants and their utilization by indigenous societies is valuable in the preservation of conventional societies, biodiversity, network medicinal services and medication advancement. Catharanthus roseus. (G.) Don, is a significant therapeutic plant having a place with the Apocynaceae family; this plant is a dicotyledonous angiosperm and integrates two terpene indole alkaloids: vinblastine and vincristine that are utilized to battle disease [1] Vinca alkaloids are a material of a class of natural mixes comprised of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen that is regularly gotten from plants is named alkaloid. Numerous alkaloids with having harmful qualities have physiological impacts excessively that make them helpful as medicines [2] Medicinal plants have a long history of usage in traditional medicine. Ethno-botanical information on medicinal plants and their usage by indigenous cultures is useful in the conservation of traditional cultures, biodiversity, community health care and drug development. Catharanthus roseus, the plant contains about 130 alkaloids of the indole group out of which 25 are dimeric in nature. Two dimeric alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine mainly present in the aerial parts, that are
... Previous research has shown that bactericidal antibiotics such as quinolones and aminoglycosides have negative side effects, while lactams cause mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mammalian cells, resulting in oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and membrane lipids (3). Free radicals have also been linked to a number of diseases, including ischemic heart disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cancer, inflammation, and aging (4). ...
Antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to public health, raising the number of diseases in the community. Recent research has shown that plant-derived phenolic compounds have strong antimicrobial, antifungal, and cytotoxic properties against a variety of microorganisms and work as great antioxidants in such treatments. The goal of the current work is to evaluate the anticancerous, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities in the extracts of the different plant parts (leaves, stems, and roots) of S. carvifolia (L.) L. This is a medicinally important plant and has been used for different kinds of diseases and ailments such as hysteria and seizures. The phenolic compounds from the different plant parts were analyzed using HPLC and the following were found to be present: chlorogenic acid, gallic acid, rutin, syringic acid, vanillic acid, cinnamic acid, caffeic acid, and protocatechuic acid. Gallic acid was found to have the highest concentration (13.93 mg/g), while chlorogenic acid (0.25 mg/g) had the lowest. The maximum TPC value, which ranged from 33.79 to 57.95 mg GAE/g dry extract weight, was found in the stem. Root extract with 9.4 mg RE/g had the greatest TFC level. In the leaf and stem extracts, the RSC ranged from 0.747 mg/mL to 0.734 mg/1 mL GE/g dry extract weight, respectively. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay was used to measure in vitro antioxidant activity. In a concentration-dependent way, promising antioxidant activity was reported. Moreover, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) and the Folin–Ciocalteu phenol reagent technique were used to determine reducing sugar content and total phenolic content, respectively. Antibacterial activity against eight strains (MIC: 250–1,000 μg/mL) was analyzed, and the stem extract exhibited maximum activity. Antifungal activity was also assessed, and potent activity was reported especially in the extract obtained from the stem. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using an MTT assay in the A549 cell line, where different doses (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL) of leaf, root, and stem extracts were used. Treatment with these extracts reduced the cell viability, indicating that S. carvifolia may possess anticancer potential, which can be of great therapeutic value.
... Recent research has proved the treatment for diabetes by either hormonal therapy or using glucose lowering drugs, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors [4]. On the other hand, free radicals are delivered as a significance biochemical responses in the body which involved in several diseases such as cancer, heart disease, diabetic inflammation, diabetes, aging, immunosuppression, atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative disorders [5]. Phenolic based phytochemicals play a main role in protective cells and tis-sues from oxidative stress and are associated with biological affecting agents [6]. ...
Pandanus, a traditional medicinal plant is used for the ailment of several diseases in India. The extract prepared from leaves was tested for its secondary metabolites and also to phenolics, alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity was observed using DPPH, reducing power, FRAP, metal chelating activity and total antioxidant assays. It is evident that more secondary metabolites were present in ethyl acetate and methanol solvents enriched in free radicals scavenging ability compared with other solvents. Further, the extracts were tested and observed for potential presence of anti-diabetic activity with strong inhibition of a-amylase and a-glucosidase which suggests that the absorption and digestion of carbohydrates would possibly reduce the blood glucose levels and hence help management of type-2 diabetes. Though the ethyl acetate and methanol extract exhibited cytotoxicity and apoptosis activity on human HT-29 colon cancer cell line via MTT, AO/EtBr and DAPI staining assays that inhibits cancer cell line which in turn prevents cancer.
... Psoralen has been used for the photochemotherapy of vitiligo and skin diseases such as psoriasis, mycosis fungoides and eczema (Khushboo et al., 2010;Ozkan et al., 2012). It also shows antitumor (Szliszka et al., 2011), antibacterial (Chanda et al., 2011) and antifungal properties (Srinivasan and Sarada, 2012).The addition of A. niger elicitor to the cultured cells of P. corylifolia L. increased the psoralen accumulation. The maximum increase in psoralen accumulation was recorded in 20 days old culture and it decreased with increase in age of the culture thereafter. ...
Aspergillus niger one of the most common and important fungal species It is; most commonly found in mesophilic environments such as decaying vegetation or soil and plants. Genome sequencing of A. niger as a biotic elicitorsis important because of its involvement in producing citric acid as well as industrial enzymes, such as amylases, proteases, pectinases and lipases. The use of these enzymes are essential because of its importance for transformation to food enzymes. Other properties of A. niger include of pharmaceutically significant secondary metabolites or phytopharmaceuticals such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, resins and aflatoxin. Metabolite production, involvement in food spoilage, and simply being a pathogen creates a great economic impact. Most of these secondary metabolites are isolated from wild or cultivated plants because their chemical synthesis is either extremely difficult or economically infeasible. Plants and/or plant cells in vitro, show physiological and morphological responses to microbial, physical or chemical factors which are known as ‘elicitors’. Elicitation is a process of induced or enhanced synthesis of secondary metabolites by the plants to ensure their survival, persistence and competitiveness. Here, we discuss the classification of Aspergillus niger as a biotic elicitors, for the production of secondary pharmaceutical metabolites from medicinal plants in vitro.
... In view of high cost of chemicals and antibiotics and their hazardous consequences, plant extracts has been on the top priority for control of disease [25,26]. Now days the efforts were made to promote the use of botanicals as possible alternatives to treat infectious diseases [27,28,29]. The natural products were found to possess promising antimicrobial activities when applied alone or in combination with conventional antimicrobial drug [28]. ...
In the present study effect of BmNPV infection and subsequent oral treatment of ethanolic plant extracts on SDS-PAGE protein profile of midgut, silkgland, fatbody and haemolymph on 3 rd and 5 th day of fifth instar larvae of silkworm PM B. mori L. were studied. The electrophoretic analysis of proteins in midgut, silkgland, fatbody and haemolymph revealed the separation of maximum protein bands among which some of them represents the storage proteins. The BmNPV inoculation causes decrease in number of protein bands and staining intensity was also low as compared to the control. The treatment of plant extracts shows the decreased protein bands and staining intensity low but in some group shows the similar protein bands when compared with the control group sample.
... The seeds are found to be helpful as a tonic or an aphrodisiac (50,59). Moreover, the phytochemicals from Psoralea corylifolia demonstrate a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and antiviral (60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69). Kim and coworkers (42) have also shown that the ethanolic extracts of P. corylifolia seeds exhibit potent inhibitory potency against SARS-CoV PLpro. ...
The novel SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) has emerged as a significant threat to public health with startling drawbacks in all sectors globally. This study investigates the practicality of some medicinal plants for SARS-CoV-2 therapy using a systematic review and meta-analysis of their reported SARS-CoV-1 inhibitory poten cies. Relevant data were systematically gathered from three databases, viz., Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus. The information obtained included botanical information, extraction method and extracts concentrations, as well as the proposed mechanisms. Fourteen articles describing 30 different plants met our eligibility criteria. Random effects model and subgroup analysis were applied to investigate heterogeneity. According to subgroup analysis, the substantial heterogeneity of the estimated mean based on the IC 50 values reporting the most potent anti-SARS-CoV 3C-like protease (3CLpro) inhibitors (10.07 %, p < 0.0001), was significantly higher compared to the most active anti-SARS-CoV papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitors (6.12 %, p < 0.0001). More importantly, the literature analysis revealed that fruit extracts of Rheum palmatum L. and the compound cryptotanshinone isolated from the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza (IC 50 = 0.8 ± 0.2 mmol L-1) were excellent candidates for anti-SARS-CoV targeting PLpro. Meanwhile, iguesterin (IC 50 = 2.6 ± 0.6 mmol L-1) isolated from the bark of Tripterygium regelii emerged as the most excellent candidate for anti-SARS-CoV targeting 3CLpro. The present systematic review and meta-analysis provide valuable and comprehensive information about potential medicinal plants for SARS-CoV-2 inhibition. The chemotypes identified herein can be adopted as a starting point for developing new drugs to contain the novel virus.
Background
Psoralea corylifolia and Mimusops elengi could be a source for new bioactive compounds for treating filariasis Psoralea corylifolia and Mimusops elengi. These plants are rich in medicinally and phytochemically has been proved. These plants played an important role in ancient medicine for the treatments of various ailments and especially against many helminths.
Methods
Psoralea corylifolia and Mimusops elengi could be a source for new bioactive compounds for treating filariasis. 20g of dried powder of Psoralea corylifolia and Mimusops elengi were extracted using a Soxhlet apparatus using various solvents like methanol, chloroform, acetone and water for about 30 cycles and then concentrated using a rotary evaporator and stored at 4 °C in air tight containers. It is effective against Setaria cervi at 100 and 200 µg respectively. In-vitro studies have been done for the respective compounds. Homology models of Glutathione S transferase, Chitinase and Transglutaminase were constructed using MODELLER v9.20 (Accelrys).
Results
The results from the in vitro studies were confirmed by TLC and GC MS analysis of the extracts which showed the presence of different phytochemical compounds in the extracts. Among the compounds identified in GC MS 7,10-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester, Pentadecanoic acid, 14-methyl-, methyl ester, 2-Nonadecanone2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, Aspidospermidin-17-ol, 1-acetyl-19,21-epoxy-15,16-dimethoxy-, 9- (2’,2’-Dimethylpropanihydrozano)-3,6 dichloro-2,7-bis-[2-(diethylamino)-ethoxy] fluorine, 2,2,4-Trimethyl-3-(3,8,12,16-tetramethyl-heptadeca-3,7,11,15-tetraenyl)-cyclohexanol were docked against crystallised bioactive compounds.
Conclusion
As a result of this study, it was concluded that arresting these proteins will help in arresting the growth and multiplication of parasites, thus leading to the development of a new anti-filarial drug.
The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity, acute toxicity in mice and phytochemical profiles of hydroethanolic extract of Stachytarpheta angustifolia plant. The plant S. angustifolia has attracted the attention of the researchers because of its use as an anti-infection agent. The aqueous ethanol (80%) extract of the powdered dried whole plant was obtained by maceration. The bacteria organisms tested include Shigella dysentriae (ATCC 32412), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 213415), and the following clinical isolates: coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli. Susceptibility test, acute toxicity test and phytochemical screening of the plant extract were performed using standard procedures. The results showed that the extract had a good antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. dysentriae, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Proteus mirabilis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be between 11.6 and 14.0 mg/ml for the susceptible organisms. The extract exhibited minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 150 mg/ml against S. dysentriae only while other susceptible tested bacteria strains required higher concentrations. The median acute toxicity value (LD50) of the extract was determined to be 8.721 g/kg body weight indicating the extract as being slightly toxic. The extract contained triterpenoid saponins as the major bioactive constituent.
The therapeutic properties of plants, including antioxidant and antibacterial activity, have been investigated. In the present study the petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Diospyros ebenum Roxb. were evaluated for DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavenging (antioxidant) activity and antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity was determined against Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC29737, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC23564, and Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC13048 using the agar well diffusion method. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of these extracts was determined as the gallic acid and quercetin equivalent, respectively. Results show that the methanol extract was active against all 5 bacterial strains, whereas the aqueous extract was active against none. The methanol extract had the highest total phenolic content and DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 20 μg/ml). The antioxidant and antibacterial potential of the methanol extract of D. ebenum observed in the present study indicates that most active constituents of this plant may be phenolics.
The present study determined the anti-inflammatory activity and related mechanisms of scopoletin. It was found that scopoletin significantly inhibited croton oil-induced mouse ear edema. Scopoletin could also decrease the vascular dye leakage induced by topical application of croton oil, consistent with the reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and polymorphonuclear (PMN) infiltration. The inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase l-Nω -nitro-arginine (l-NN, 10 mg/kg) attenuated croton oil-induced ear edema by 56.5%. However, pretreatment of l-NN did not affect the inhibitory effects of scopoletin (100 mg/kg) on mouse ear edema, which suggested that scopoletin exerted anti-inflammatory activities in an endothelial NO-independent manner. Further research revealed that scopoletin reduced the overproduction of PGE2 and TNF-α in croton oil-treated mouse ears. Scopoletin was also shown to attenuate the hind paw edema induced by carrageenan in mice, and lower the MPO activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in paw tissues. These findings imply that the anti-inflammatory activities of scopoletin involve inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis, cell influx, and peroxidation.
The extracts of Mimusops elengi L. (family: Sapotaceae) bark, fruit and seed were evaluated for antibacterial activity by using spectrophotomertic method against gram positive and gram negative strains viz. Nocardia asteroids NRRL 174, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 10240, Bacillus subtilis PCSIRB 248, Bacillus licheniformis NCL 2024, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 29425 and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of all active extracts of M. elengi was calculated using macro dilution method. The fruit and seed extracts were found inactive, while stem bark extracts showed antibacterial activity against all 6 bacterium. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest % age inhibition (84.5 % age, MIC = 0.6 mg/ml) against B. subtilis. The aqueous methanol (2:8) extract also showed significant results with 74.9% age inhibition (MIC = 0.9 mg/ml) against N. asteroids. The results were compared with standard antibacterial drugs (streptomycin and ampicillin).
Eleven plants were selected to evaluate their antioxidant and antimicrobial potentiality against some skin diseases caused by some bacteria and fungi. The dry powder was extracted in methanol by cold percolation method. Free radical scavenging activities like diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion (O 2 −) scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging activity, reducing capacity assessment and total phenol content were measured. Antimicrobial activity was done against 8 microorganisms by agar well diffusion method. All the plants exhibited a strong correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenol content. Euphorbia hirta exhibited best antioxidant activity. The plant extracts showed more activity against Gram positive bacteria and fungi. The best antimicrobial activity was shown by Euphorbia tirucalli. The study supports the folkloric use of E. hirta and E. tirucalli against some skin diseases caused by oxidative stress or by microorganisms.
Methanol extracts of Piper longum L., Piper betle L., Piper attanuatum Buch-Ham. [type-2], Piper hymenophyllum Miq., Piper sarmentosum Roxb., Piper argyrophyllum L., Piper attanuatum Buch.-Ham. [type-1] and Piper chaba Hunter were checked for their antibacterial efficiency against 15 clinically important bacterial strains. Cefotaxime sodium (100 μg disc-1) was used as standard. Crude leaf powder suspensions of these 8 Piper species were also evaluated for acute and chronic anti-inflammatory study at a dose of 300 mg kg-1. Diclofenac sodium was used as the standard drug. Carrageenan and dextran models were studied for acute inflammation while cotton pellet-induced granuloma was used for chronic inflammation study. ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s t-test were employed for statistical analysis. Piper species showed better anti-inflammatory activity than antibacterial activity. Piper sarmentosum , Piper argyrophyllum , Piper longum , Piper betle and Piper chaba has biologically important properties and they should be further explored and the active principle should be elucidated in order to bring out the promising antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent.
There has been a recent increase in research into the possible ways of protecting individuals from cancer by making changes in dietary habits. In this study raw and boiled juice and leaf and dried seeds of Urtica sp, Stachys annula, sage, rosehip, grape molasses and tarhana were not found mutagenic in S typhimurium TA 100. All of the foods decreased sodium azide mutagenicity in S typhimurium TA 100. Among the foods tested, raw Urtica sp (46.32%) and rosehip (44.03%) showed the highest antimutagenic effect followed by leaf of Urtica sp (41.25%), boiled juice of Urtica sp (37.22%), Stachys annula (36.42%), grape molasses (33.03%) and tarhana (28.60%), respectively. The antimutagenic activities of Urtica sp and rosehip were found to be significantly higher than the antimutagenic activity of tarhana (p
The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves and stems of Chloroxylon swietenia DC. were analysed by GC and GC-MS. The main components in the leaf oil were limonene, pregeijerene, geijerene and germacrene
D, while stem oil was rich in limonene, methyl eugenol, pregeijerene and geijerene. The essential oils were evaluated for
antimicrobial activity against two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria and four pathogenic fungi using agar disc
diffusion technique. Subsequently, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) from oils was determined by broth microdilution.
Both the oils exhibited moderate to strong activities against all the organisms tested. Bacillus subtilis was most susceptible at 100μg/ml of leaf and stem oils with inhibition zones of 15.9 and 13.1mm respectively. Among all
the fungi tested, A. niger inhibited effectively with a zone of inhibition of 14.9 and 11.5mm for leaf and stem oils respectively. The results obtained
suggest that the essential oils of the plant possess antimicrobial properties and serve as a biofriendly source of antimicrobial
ingredients for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
In the present work, selected plants were screened for their potential antibacterial activity. For evaluating antibacterial activity, both aqueous and organic solvent methanol was used. The plants screened were Ocimum sanctum, Jatropha gossypifolia, Boerhavia diffusa, Azadirachta indica, Solidago virgaurea , and Commelina benghalensis. The antibacterial activity was assessed against six bacterial strains— Pseudomonas testosteroni, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus morganii, Micrococcus flavus . Agar disc diffusion method and Agar ditch diffusion method were used to study the antibacterial activity of all these plants. Ps. testosteroni and K. pneumoniae were the most resistant bacterial strains. A. indica showed strong activity against tested bacterial strains. Therefore, we conclude that A . indica may prove to be a promising agent, and further exploration into this compound should be performed to determine its full therapeutic potential. In addition, its leaf extract can also be used as a lead molecule in combating the diseases caused by the studied bacterial strains.
Many rainforest plant species, including trees and herbaceous plants, are employed as medicines by indigenous people. In much of the American tropics, locally harvested herbal medicines are used for a significant portion of the primary health care, in both rural and urban areas. An experienced curandero or herbal healer is familiar with those species with marked biological activity, which are often classified as 'powerful plants'. Examples are given from studies in progress since 1987 in Belize, Central America. The Institute of Economic Botany of The New York Botanical Garden is collaborating with the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland (USA) in the search for higher plants with anti-AIDS and anticancer activity. Several strategies are cited for identification of promising leads from among the circa 110,000 species of higher plants that are present in the neotropics, the focus of this search. Recommendations are offered for the design of future efforts to identify plant leads for pharmaceutical testing.