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General conclusions regarding planetary–solar–terrestrial interaction

  • January 2013
Authors:
Nils-Axel Mörner at Paleogeophysics and Geodynamics Institute
Nils-Axel Mörner
Roger Tattersall at University of Leeds
Roger Tattersall
J.-E. Solheim at UiT The Arctic University of Norway
J.-E. Solheim
Ivanka Charvátová at The Czech Academy of Sciences
Ivanka Charvátová
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Pattern Recogn. Phys., 1, 205–206, 2013
www.pattern-recogn-phys.net/1/205/2013/
doi:10.5194/prp-1-205-2013
©Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License.
Open Access
Pattern Recognition
in Physics
General conclusions regarding the
planetary–solar–terrestrial interaction
N.-A. Mörner1, R. Tattersall2, J.-E. Solheim3, I. Charvatova4, N. Scafetta5, H. Jelbring6, I. R. Wilson7,
R. Salvador8, R. C. Willson9, P. Hejda10, W. Soon11, V. M. Velasco Herrera12, O. Humlum13,
D. Archibald14, H. Yndestad15, D. Easterbrook16, J. Casey17 , G. Gregori18, and G. Henriksson19
1Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics, Stockholm, Sweden
2Tallbloke, Leeds, UK
3Department of Physics & Technology, Tromsø, Norway
4Geophysical Institute, AS CR, Praha, Czech Republic
5Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
6Tellus, Stockholm, Sweden
7Gunnedah, Australia
8Vancouver, Canada
9ACRIM, Coronado, CA, USA
10Institute of Geophysics of the ASCR, Praha, Czech Republic
11Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
12Geophysics UNAM, Cambridge, MA, Mexico
13Department of Geosciences, Oslo, Norway
14Summa Development Ltd, Perth, Australia
15Aalesund University, Aalesund, Norway
16Department of Geology, Bellingham, WA, USA
17Space Sci. Res. Co. (SSRC), Orlando, FL, USA
18Instituto di Acustica e Sensoristica (CNR), Rome, Italy
19Astronomy, Uppsala, Sweden
Correspondence to: N.-A. Mörner (morner@pog.nu)
Abstract. In a collection of research papers devoted to the problem of solar variability and its origin in plan-
etary beat, it is demonstrated that the forcing function originates from gravitational and inertial e↵ects on the
Sun from the planets and their satellites. This conclusion is shared by nineteen co-authors.
1 Introduction
The Sun is in the centre of our solar–planetary system but it
has to constantly adjust its position with respect to the cen-
tre of mass in response to the planetary motions. This is be-
cause our solar–planetary system acts as a multi-body system
of mutual interaction and transfer of gravity and momentum
impulses.
The solar activity – i.e. the emission of heat, electromag-
netic waves and particles – is known to change with time
in a cyclic manner ranging from days and years to decades,
centuries and millennia. The most commonly known cycle
is the 11 yr cycle, which also forms a higher rank variability
between “grand maxima and grand minima”. During the last
three grand minima (the Spörer, Maunder and Dalton Min-
ima), the Earth experienced “Little Ice Age” conditions. To-
day, we seem to be at the end of a grand maximum.
Cosmogenic radionuclides (14C and 10Be) may record the
solar variability back in time for 9500 yr or more. These
records contain a number of characteristic cycles. There are,
however, also additional internal sources for the production
of these radionuclides to consider.
The planetary beat in gravity and momentum on the Sun
from the celestial bodies circulating around the Sun can
Published by Copernicus Publications.
206 N.-A. Mörner et al.: General conclusions
Cosmogenic radionuclides (14C and 10Be) may record the solar variability back in time for
9500 years or more. These records contain a number of characteristic cycles. There are,
however, also additional internal sources for the production of these radionuclides to consider.
The planetary beat in gravity and momentum on the Sun from the celestial bodies
circulating around the Sun can be estimated, even calculated, and broken down into cyclic
beats. Several of the papers in this volume have addressed this and presented new material.
Figure 1. Illustration of the Planetary–Solar–Terrestrial interaction here proposed.
2. Conclusions
The following conclusion and implications are formulated and agreed upon.
Conclusion 1.
The solar activity varies with a number of characteristic time cycles. There are no solar
theories able to explain this variability as driven and sustained by internal processes. We
present (in papers after papers) a spectrum of ideas, estimates, observations and calculations
to demonstrate that the driving factor of solar variability must emerge from gravitational and
inertial effects on the Sun from the planets and their satellites (Figure 1; References).
Implication 1.
We hope that, by the arguments and facts presented in this volume, we have lifted “the
planetaryhypothesis”tothelevelofa“planetarytheory”,andweevenforeseethatitwilllead
to a new paradigm on the Planetary-Solar-Terrestrial interaction (Figure 1).
We are well aware of the fact that there is much more to learn and improve, but we trust
the theory is here to stay.
Implication 2.
Several papers have addressed the question about the evolution of climate during the 21st
century. Obviously, we are on our way into a new grand solar minimum. This sheds serious
doubts on the issue of a continued, even accelerated, warming as claimed by the IPCC project.
References
All papers to be included in Special Issue No. 1 of PRP.
Charvatova, I. & Hejda, P.: Responses of the basic cycle of 178.7 years and 2402 years in
solar-terrestrial phenomena during Holocene, PRP, 1, in press.
Jelbring, H.: Energy transfer in the Solar System, PRP, 1, 165-176, 2013.
Jelbring, H.: Celestial commensurabilities: some special cases, PRP, 1, 143-146, 2013.
Figure 1. Illustration of the planetary–solar–terrestrial interaction here proposed.
be estimated, even calculated, and broken down into cyclic
beats. Several of the papers in this volume have addressed
this and presented new material.
2 Conclusions
The following conclusion and implications are formulated
and agreed upon.
Conclusion 1
The solar activity varies with a number of characteristic time
cycles. There are no solar theories able to explain this vari-
ability as driven and sustained by internal processes. We
present (in paper after paper) a spectrum of ideas, estimates,
observations and calculations to demonstrate that the driving
factor of solar variability must emerge from gravitational and
inertial e↵ects on the Sun from the planets and their satellites
(Fig. 1; References).
Implication 1
We hope that by the arguments and facts presented in this
volume we have lifted “the planetary hypothesis” to the level
of a “planetary theory”, and we even foresee that it will lead
to a new paradigm on planetary–solar–terrestrial interaction
(Fig. 1).
We are well aware of the fact that there is much more to
learn and improve, but we trust the theory is here to stay.
Implication 2
Several papers have addressed the question about the evolu-
tion of climate during the 21st century. Obviously, we are on
our way into a new grand solar minimum. This sheds serious
doubts on the issue of a continued, even accelerated, warm-
ing as claimed by the IPCC project.
References
All papers to be included in special issue no. 1 of PRP.
Charvatova, I. and Hejda, P.: Responses of the basic cycle of 178.7
and 2402 yr in solar-terrestrial phenomena during Holocene, Pat-
tern Recogn. Phys., in press, 2013.
Jelbring, H.: Energy transfer in the solar system, Pattern Recogn.
Phys., 1, 165–176, doi:10.5194/prp-1-165-2013, 2013.
Jelbring, H.: Celestial commensurabilities: some special cases, Pat-
tern Recogn. Phys., 1, 143–146, doi:10.5194/prp-1-143-2013,
2013.
Mörner, N.-A.: Planetary beat and solar–terrestrial responses, Pat-
tern Recogn. Phys., 1, 107–116, doi:10.5194/prp-1-107-2013,
2013.
Salvador, R. J.: A mathematical model of the sunspot cy-
cle for the past 1000 yr, Pattern Recogn. Phys., 1, 117–122,
doi:10.5194/prp-1-117-2013, 2013.
Scafetta, N.: The complex planetary synchronization structure of
the solar system, Pattern Recogn. Phys., in press, 2013.
Scafetta, N. and Willson, R. C.: Multiscale comparative spectral
analysis of satellite total solar irradiance measurements from
2003 to 2013 reveals a planetary modulation of solar activity
and its nonlinear dependence on the 11 yr solar cycle, Pattern
Recogn. Phys., 1, 123–133, doi:10.5194/prp-1-123-2013, 2013.
Solheim, J.-E.: Signals from the planets, via the Sun to the Earth,
Pattern Recogn. Phys., 1, 177–184, doi:10.5194/prp-1-177-2013,
2013.
Solheim, J.-E.: The sunspot cycle length – modulated by planets?,
Pattern Recogn. Phys., 1, 159–164, doi:10.5194/prp-1-159-2013,
2013.
Tattersall, R.: The Hum: log-normal distribution and planetary–
solar resonance, Pattern Recogn. Phys., 1, 185–198,
doi:10.5194/prp-1-185-2013, 2013.
Tattersall, R.: Apparent relations between planetary spin, orbit, and
solar di↵erential rotation, Pattern Recogn. Phys., 1, 199–202,
doi:10.5194/prp-1-199-2013, 2013.
Wilson, I. R. G.: The Venus–Earth–Jupiter spin–orbit coupling
model, Pattern Recogn. Phys., 1, 147–158, doi:10.5194/prp-1-
147-2013, 2013.
Pattern Recogn. Phys., 1, 205–206, 2013 www.pattern-recogn-phys.net/1/205/2013/
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Apparent relations between planetary spin, orbit, and solar differential rotation
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View
Planetary beat and solar-terrestrial responses
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View
The complex planetary synchronization structure of the solar system
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The complex planetary synchronization structure of the solar system, which since Pythagoras of Samos (ca. 570–495 BC) is known as the music of the spheres, is briefly reviewed from the Renaissance up to contemporary research. Copernicus' heliocentric model from 1543 suggested that the planets of our solar system form a kind of mutually ordered and quasi-synchronized system. From 1596 to 1619 Kepler formulated preliminary mathematical relations of approximate commensurabilities among the planets, which were later re-formulated in the Titius–Bode rule (1766–1772), which successfully predicted the orbital position of Ceres and Uranus. Following the discovery of the ∼ 11 yr sunspot cycle, in 1859 Wolf suggested that the observed solar variability could be approximately synchronized with the orbital movements of Venus, Earth, Jupiter and Sat-urn. Modern research has further confirmed that (1) the planetary orbital periods can be approximately deduced from a simple system of resonant frequencies; (2) the solar system oscillates with a specific set of gravitational frequencies, and many of them (e.g., within the range between 3 yr and 100 yr) can be approximately constructed as harmonics of a base period of ∼ 178.38 yr; and (3) solar and climate records are also characterized by planetary harmonics from the monthly to the millennial timescales. This short review concludes with an emphasis on the contribution of the author's research on the empirical evidences and physical modeling of both solar and climate variability based on astronomical harmonics. The general conclusion is that the solar system works as a resonator characterized by a specific harmonic planetary structure that also synchronizes the Sun's activity and the Earth's climate. The special issue Pattern in solar variability, their planetary origin and terrestrial impacts (Mörner et al., 2013) further develops the ideas about the planetary–solar–terrestrial interaction with the personal contribution of 10 authors.
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The sunspot cycle length - Modulated by planets?
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Celestial commensurabilities: some special cases
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A mathematical model of the sunspot cycle for the past 1000 yr
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General conclusions regarding the planetary–solar–terrestrial interaction
Chapter
December 2013
Nils-Axel Mörner · Roger Tattersall · J.-E. Solheim · Ivanka Charvátová · Göran Henriksson