ArticlePDF Available

History and the Business School

Authors:
Sanford M Jacoby at University of California, Los Angeles
Sanford M Jacoby
Download full-text PDF
Read full-text
Download citation
Content uploaded by Sanford M Jacoby
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Sanford M Jacoby on Feb 20, 2017
Content may be subject to copyright.
!"#
ADDRESS
History and the Business School
Sanford M. Jacoby
!"#$%&"'())*"++'(&'&,"'-%.$)/$0'%-' &,"'1++%2/(&/%$'%-'3/+&%*/($+'/$' 1.+&*(4/($'($)'5"6'
7"(4($)'8.+/$"++'92,%%4+',"4)'(&':,"';$/<"*+/&#'%-'9#)$"#='>?'@"2"AB"*'CDDEF'
!"#$"%&'(")#**("#+,")-+-'&,".-"/&"01.)"(-2".-,#(3"4'&#.1+5".)16"-'5#+16#.1-+"16"#"
0-+,&'728"1,&#3"9)#+:"(-2".-";'&5"<#.$-'&"7-'"1+%1.1+5"$&3
" !"0#6"#6:&,"$&".-"6*&#:"#/-2.".)&"'-8&"-7")16.-'("1+"#"/261+&66"6=)--83"!"0#+.".-"
#''1%&"#.".)#.".-*1="%1#"#"='216&",-0+"#"8#'5&'"'1%&'3"!.>6"+-.".)&"?1$*-*-3"@#.)&'"1.>6"
1+&8&5#+.8("=#88&,"A.)&"'&8#.1-+6)1*"/&.0&&+")16.-'("#+,".)&"6-=1#8"6=1&+=&6>3"9)&'&"
0188"/&"#"8-."-7"6=&+&'("#+,"#"7&0"#+1$#86"/'&#.)1+5")-."#1'3"!")-*&".-"6)-0".)#.".)&"
*'-/8&$6"0&"7#=&"#6")16.-'1#+6"1+"/261+&66"6=)--86"#'&"+-."2+1B2&".-"/261+&66"6=)--86"
-'".-"-2'"-0+"&'#3"C+&"=#%&#.D"!"=-$&"7'-$".)&"E+1.&,"F.#.&6G"0)&'&".)&"6.#.26"-7"
)16.-'("1+"/261+&66" 6=)--86" 16"%&'(",177&'&+.".)#+"1+"H26.'#81#" #+," I&0"J&#8#+,3"
I&%&'.)&8&66"!")-*&"!"=#+"6#("6-$&.)1+5"26&7283
" C2'")&#,0#.&'6"#'&"1+".)&"/#8$("'&#=)&6"-7"<'2661#G"#"*8#=&"=#88&,"KL+156/&'5G"
)-$&".-".)&"M+815).&+$&+."*)18-6-*)&'G"!$$#+2&8"K#+.3"K#+."0-':&,"-+"#"+2$/&'"
-7".-*1=6"'&8&%#+.".-"6-=1#8"6=1&+=&"$&.)-,-8-5(G"1+=82,1+5".)&"B2&6.1-+"-7"0)&.)&'"
.)&"$&.)-,6"-7"+#.2'#8"6=1&+=&"#'&"627"=1&+.".-"2+,&'6.#+,")2$#+"/&1+563"K#+.>6"
#+60&'"0#6" +-3"N2$#+6"#'&"*#'."-7" +#.2'&G"/2."0&"#86-"#'&"(G(*&"7'-$"1.3"O&"#'&"
*)(61=#8"='&#.2'&6"/2."0&"#86-")#%&"-.)&'"=)#'#=.&'16.1=63"P-2"$15)."=#88".)&$"6&87Q
=-+6=1-26+&66G"7'&&,-$G"='&#.1%1.(G"-'" 62/R&=.1%1.(3"O&"#'&" =#*#/8&"-7"1+.&'*'&.1%&G"
6($/-81=G"#+,"'&"&=.1%&"$-,&6"-7"/&1+53"9-"6.2,(")2$#+"/&1+56"#+,".)&1'"='&#.1-+6"
S"0)1=)"16"0)#."6-=1#8"6=1&+=&"16"#/-2."S"-+&"+&&,6",16.1+=.1%&"$&.)-,6"7-'"&#=)"-7"
-2'"$-,&6G"-'"6-"K#+.".)-25).3"
" !+".)&"+1+&.&&+.)"=&+.2'(G"1."0#6";&'$#+".)1+:&'6G"&6*&=1#88(G"0)-"&8#/-'#.&,"
.)&"1$*81=#.1-+6"-7"K#+.1#+",2#816$3"9)&"&77-'."5#%&"'16&".-"N&5&8>6"1,&#816$G"0)1=)"
='1.1B2&,".)&" M+815).&+$&+." .&+,&+=(".-"'&,2=&"&T*&'1&+=&" .-"#"'#.1-+#816.1="#+,"
$#.&'1#8"/#6&3"9)&"+-.1-+"0#6"&=)-&,"/(".)&"@-$#+.1=6G"0)-"&$*)#616&,",1%&'61.("
-%&'"2+17-'$1.(G".)&"1,1-6(+='#61&6"'#.)&'".)#+"-+8(".)&"61$18#'1.1&6"-7"1+,1%1,2#86G"
5'-2*6G"#+,"6-=1&.1&63"9)&6&"1,&#6"*-0&'7288("#77&=.&,"&#'8(";&'$#+"6-=1#8"6=1&+=&"S"
.)&")16.-'1=#8"&=-+-$16.6"S"0)-"0&'&"6:&*.1=#8".)#."-+&"=-28,"'&8("-+".'#+6Q)16.-'1=#8"
8#06".-"$#:&"6&+6&"-7")2$#+"&+,&#%-'63"U-'"&T#$*8&G"H,#$"F$1.)>6"=8#1$6"-+"/&)#87"
-7"7'&&".'#,&"0&'&")&8,".-"/&"1+#**81=#/8&".-",&%&8-*1+5"&=-+-$1&6"81:&";&'$#+(>6G"
=#261+5".)&";&'$#+" &=-+-$16.6" .-" ,'2/" =8#661=#8"&=-+-$1=6"#6"#+"1,&-8-5(".)&("
=#88&,"AF$1.)1#+16$26HF' 9)&'&"0#6"#+"&+.)261#6$" 7-'",&.#18&,"&$*1'1=#8"6.2,(" -7"
)2$#+")16.-'("1+"#88"-7"1.6"=-+='&.&+&663"O1.)".)16" =#$&" #" 7#%-'1+5" -7" 7#=.6" -%&'"
.)&-'(3"!."0#6";-&.)&G".)&"5'&#."'-$#+.1=G"0)-"6#1,G"AH88".)&-'("16"5'&("/2."5'&&+"16"
.)&"5-8,&+".'&&"-7"817&>3
" ?&-*-8,"%-+"@#+:&G"0)-"6-$&"=-+61,&'".)&"7-2+,&'"-7"$-,&'+")16.-'1-5'#*)(G"
6)#'&,".)&6&"6&+.1$&+.63"U-'"@#+:&G"0'1.1+5"1+".)&"$1,Q+1+&.&&+.)"=&+.2'(G")16.-'("
0#6".)&"*'&&$1+&+."&$*1'1=#8",16=1*81+&3"9)&"R-/"-7".)&")16.-'1#+"0#6".-"1+.21."#+,"
!"$ %&'()*+,-./(*0+1+2)3'4*+5$+1+6&0+!"7"
'&='&#.&".)&"*#6."I6/"'"+'"/0"$&4/2,'0"6"+"$'6(*H"S")-0"1."#=.2#88(")#,"/&&+3"@#+:&",1,"
+-."0#+.".)&-'&.1=#8"6.'2=.2'&6".-"1+.&'7&'&"01.)")16.-'1=#8"'&6&#'=)G"#8.)-25)")&"6#0"
#"6=1&+.1"="8-51="1+".)&"#=='&.1-+"-7"7#=.63
" !"0#+." .-" 6*&+,"#"$-$&+."-+" )-0".)&"K#+.1#+"#+.1+-$1&6" *8#(&,"-2."1+".)&"
7#$-26"J"&,%)"$+&*"/&"V,16*2.&" -%&'" $&.)-,-8-5(W" .)#." -==2''&,"1+".)&" XYYZ6"
/&.0&&+".)&";&'$#+"N16.-'1=#8"F=)--8G"#6"'&*'&6&+.&,"/(";26.#%"F=)$-88&'G"#+,".)&"
/2'5&-+1+5"+&-=8#661=#8"$-%&$&+.G"#6"'&*'&6&+.&,"/(".)&"H26.'1#+"&=-+-$16."4#'8"
[&+5&'3"[&+5&'"#'52&,".)#."&=-+-$1=6"0#6"#"6=1&+=&"=#*#/8&"-7",16=-%&'1+5"8#06"
7'-$"0)1=)".)&"6-82.1-+".-"#+(",16=1*81+#'("*'-/8&$"=-28,"/&",&,2=&,3"F=)$-88&'"
.--:"#",177&'&+."*-61.1-+D"6-=1-Q&=-+-$1="*)&+-$&+#"0&'&"='&#.&,"/("1+,1%1,2#86G"
0)-G"0)18&"'#.1-+#8".-"6-$&"&T.&+.G"#86-"#'&"1$/2&,"01.)"$-'#8"#+,"=28.2'#8"%#82&6"
.)#."%#'("#='-66".1$&"#+,"6*#=&3"N&+=&G"6#1,"F=)$-88&'G"&=-+-$1="-2.=-$&6"=-28,"
+-."/&",&,2=&,"7'-$"#"2+1%&'6#8G"#)16.-'1=#8"$-,&83"!+6.&#,G"-+&")#,".-"6.2,(".)&"
7#=.6"/&7-'&".'(1+5".-".)&-'16&3"F=)$-88&'"6#1,G"A0&"+&&,"$-'&"&T#=."-/6&'%#.1-+"-7"
7#=.6G"6.#.16.1=6G"#+,"1+6.1.2.1-+6"6-"#6".-"/218,"$-'&"#==2'#.&".)&-'1&6>3"
" N&'&"[&+5&'")1."/#=:")#',3"N&"6#1,"F=)$-88&'",1,"+-."2+,&'6.#+,".)&"*2'*-6&"
-7"5&+&'#8".)&-'(3"H."/&6.G"6#1,"[&+5&'G"F=)$-88&'>6")16.-'1=#8"1+,2=.1%6$"0-28,"8&#,"
.-"A'&#816.1=>".)&-'1&6"-7".1$&Q#+,Q*8#=&"6*&=1"="1+6.1.2.1-+63"\2.".)&6&".1$&Q#+,Q*8#=&"
*&'.2'/#.1-+6"0&'&".)&"%&'("7#=.-'6".)#."+&-=8#661=#8"&=-+-$1=6"#/6.'#=.&,"7'-$"1+"
,&%&8-*1+5"5&+&'#8".)&-'(3"!+")16"7#$-26"*)'#61+5"-7".)&"6(+=)'-+1="*&'6*&=.1%&G"
[&+5&'"6#1,G" A)16.-'(" )#6" .)&" .#6:"-7" $#:1+5" 26" 2+,&'6.#+," #88"61,&6" -7" =&'.#1+"
*)&+-$&+#"/2."&T#=.".)&-'1&6")#%&".)&".#6:"-7"$#:1+5"26"2+,&'6.#+,"-+8("=&'.#1+"
61,&6"-7"#88"*)&+-$&+#>3
" H'-2+,".)&" 6#$&" .1$&G" #" 5'-2*"-7"+&-QK#+.1#+"*)18-6-*)&'6" 6-25)." .-" $-'&"
'15-'-268("7'#$&".)&" .&'$6" -7" ,&/#.&3" 9)&("1+=82,&," O1+,&8/#+,G"@1=:&'.G"#+,"
]18.)&("1+".)&"8#.&"+1+&.&&+.)"=&+.2'("#+,G"8#.&'"-+G"#+.1Q*-61.1%16.6"62=)"#6"4#661'&'"
#+,"$&$/&'6" -7" .)&" U'#+:72'." F=)--83"9)&(" $#,&" #" :&(" ,16.1+=.1-+"/&.0&&+"
+-$-.)&.1="V8#0Q51%1+5W" #+," 1,1-5'#*)1=" V1+,1%1,2#8" -'"2+1B2&W" $&.)-,63" 9)&"
+-$-.)&.1="16"5'-2+,&,"1+".)&"/&81&7".)#." *)&+-$&+#"#'&"5-%&'+&,"/(" 2+1%&'6#8"
8#06".)#."#'&".'#+6Q)16.-'1=#8"#+,".'#+6Q=28.2'#83"9)&"1,1-5'#*)1=G")-0&%&'G"7-=26&6"
-+".)&"=-+='&.&"#+,"*#'.1=28#'3"!."1,&+.1"&6"2+1B2&"#+,"62/R&=.1%&"=)#'#=.&'16.1=6"-7"
*)&+-$&+#3"9)&"+&-QK#+.1#+6" .)-25)." .)#." &%&'("6=1&+.1"=" "&8," 0-28," ,177&'"1+"
.)&"/#8#+=&"1." 6.'2=:"/&.0&&+".)&6&"$&.)-,63"N16.-'(" 0#6" '&8#.1%&8("1,1-5'#*)1=^"
+&-=8#661=#8"&=-+-$1=6".--:"$2=)"$-'&"-7"#"+-$-.)&.1="#**'-#=)3
" ]2'1+5".)&" 71'6." )#87" -7" .)&".0&+.1&.)" =&+.2'(G".)&" 6-=1#8" 6=1&+=&6"68-08("
,177&'&+.1#.&,"1+.-",16=1*81+&63"VN#'%#',",1,"+-." )#%&"7'&&6.#+,1+5"6-=1-8-5("#+,"
*6(=)-8-5(",&*#'.$&+.6"2+.18".)&"$1,QX_`Z63W"!+"&#=)",16=1*81+&".)&'&"0&'&"#..&$*.6"
.-"6(+.)&616&".)&"+-$-.)&.1="#+,"1,1-5'#*)1="S".)#."16G".-"=-$/1+&"5&+&'#8".)&-'("
01.)"1+.&'*'&.1%&"#+,")16.-'1=#8"$&.)-,6"S"'#.)&'".)#+".-".'&#.".)&$"#6"=-+.&+,1+5"
#8.&'+#.1%&63
" O1.)1+"&=-+-$1=6G" .)&"/&6.Q:+-0+" #..&$*.6" #." 6(+.)&616" 0&'&".)-6&"-7" .)&"
1+6.1.2.1-+#816.6G"#",1%&'6&"5'-2*"1+=82,1+5"9)-'6.&+"a&/8&+G"b-)+"4-$$-+6G"#+,"
O&68&("[1.=)&88"1+".)&"E+1.&,"F.#.&63"!+"\'1.#1+".)&1'"=-2+.&'*#'.6"1+=82,&,".)&"O&//6G"
O1881#$"42++1+5)#$G"H87'&,"[#'6)#88G"#+,"#"$-6.8("7-'5-..&+"5'-2*"-7")16.-'1=#8"
&=-+-$16.63"9)-6&" -7" 26" 1+" 1+,26.'1#8"'&8#.1-+6"0&88" :+-0" .)&" 1+6.1.2.1-+#816.6"
/&=#26&"$#+(" -7".)&$"7-=26&," .)&1'"'&6&#'=)"-+".)&"A8#/-'"B2&6.1-+>"-7".)&1'"&'#D"
8#/-'"'&528#.1-+"#+,"8#/-'"2+1-+63
8&9('0+1+,-./(*0+&:;+/<4+=).-:4..+>9<((? !"5
" 9)&"1+6.1.2.1-+#816.6" '&81&," *#'.8(" -+" )16.-'1=#8" &%1,&+=&"S" 1+=82,1+5" 8#/-'"
)16.-'("S" .-" '&8#.1%16&" $#':&.6" #+," .-" ,&$-+6.'#.&".)&" =-+.1+5&+.G" $2.#/8&G" #+,"
#5&+.1="#6*&=.6" -7" &=-+-$1=" 6-=1&.(3"I-."-+8("0&'&".)&(" )16.-'1=16.6G" .)&(" 0&'&"
&$*1'1=16.6G"0)-"5#.)&'&,"7#=.6"#+,"2.1816&,"6.#.16.1=#8"$&.)-,6".-"1+.&'*'&.".)&$3"
O&68&("[1.=)&88G" 7-2+,&'"-7".)&"I#.1-+#8"\2'&#2"-7"M=-+-$1="@&6&#'=)G"/&81&%&,"
.)#."&=-+-$1=6"*'-=&&,&,".)'-25)"#",1#8&=.1=#8"*#661+5"/#=:"#+,"7-'.)"/&.0&&+"7#=."
#+,".)&-'(G"/&.0&&+"1+,2=.1-+"#+,",&,2=.1-+3"9)&'&"0#6"#+"#+.1Q.)&-'&.1=#8"/&+."
01.)1+"1+6.1.2.1-+#816$G")-0&%&'3"M77-'.6".-"='&#.&"5&+&'#8".)&-'(G"81:&" 4-$$-+6>"
.'#+6#=.1-+"&=-+-$1=6G",1,"+-." )#%&" $2=)" 1$*#=." -+" )16" 7&88-0"1+6.1.2.1-+#816.63"
U1+#88(G"#6"/&".6".)&1'"+#$&G".)&6&"6-=1#8"6=1&+.16.6"6.2,1&,"1+6.1.2.1-+6G"0)1=)"5#%&"
6.'2=.2'&".-" $#':&.6"#+,"01.)-2."0)1=)"$#':&.6" =-28,"+-."72+=.1-+3"!+6.1.2.1-+6"
0&'&"=-+=&1%&,"#6"&+.1.1&6"0)-6&"-'151+6"#+,"&%-82.1-+"$#..&'&,"S".)&",1#=)'-+1="
*&'6*&=.1%&3"
" H+-.)&'"&77-'."#."6(+.)&616"0#6".)#."-7"6-=1-8-516." [#T"O&/&'G"0)-"/&5#+")16"
=#'&&'"#6"#+")16.-'1=#8"&=-+-$16.3"O&/&'".)-25).".)#."&=-+-$1=6"0#6",177&'&+."7'-$"
+-$-.)&.1="I&0.-+1#+" *)(61=6G" 0)1=)" .)&" +&-=8#661=#86"'&%&'&,"#+,"&$28#.&,"
/&=#26&"1.",&#8."01.)"=28.2'#8"/&1+56"0)-"6&&:".-"1$*#'."$&#+1+5".-".)&1'"#=.1-+63"
U-'"O&/&'".)16" '&B21'&," 1+.&'*'&.1%&" $&.)-,6" S" 0)#.")&" =#88&," K"*+&","$" S" 7-'"
2+,&'6.#+,1+5"1+,1%1,2#8" #=.1-+" 7'-$" #" *&'6-+>6" -0+"*-1+." -7" %1&03"K"*+&,","$"
)#,"#"*'-7-2+,"1+"2&+=&"-+"6-=1-8-5(G"8&#,1+5".-"1+.&'*'&.1%&"#**'-#=)&6"62=)"#6"
F1$$&8>6"6($/-81="1+.&'#=.1-+16$3"
"P&."O&/&'"#5'&&,"01.)"[&+5&'".)#.".)&")16.-'1=#8"&=-+-$16.6"7#18&,".-"#**'&=1#.&"
.)&",16.1+=.1-+" /&.0&&+" '&#816.1=" .)&-'(" 5&+&'#.&," /("=#6&" 6.2,1&6" #+," &T#=." -'"
=-%&'1+5Q8#0".)&-'(".)#."=#+"*'&,1=."/&=#26&"1."#/6.'#=.6"7'-$".)&",&.#186"-7".)-6&"
=#6&"6.2,1&63"
" O&/&'".'1&,".-"=-$/1+&"1+.&'*'&.1%&"#+,"+-$-.)&.1="$&.)-,6"1+")16"=-+=&*."-7"
.)&"1,&#8".(*&G"0)1=)")&"#**81&,".-"#"%#'1&.("-7"*)&+-$&+#G"1+=82,1+5"=#*1.#816$3"
!+"*'&Q=#*1.#816."6-=1&.1&6G")&"6#1,G"1+,1%1,2#86"$#,&",&=161-+6"/#6&,"-+"+-'$#.1%&"
-'"62/6.#+.1%&" '#.1-+#81.(" .)#." 81$1.&," .)&"1+"2&+=&" -7" =#8=28#.1%&"'#.1-+#81.(3"F-"
8-+5"#6"=#8=28#.1%&"'#.1-+#81.("16"+-.".)&"5-%&'+1+5",&=161-+"'28&G"-+&"=#++-.")#%&"
*2'&"=#*1.#816$G")&"6#1,3"H+,"01.)-2."*2'&"=#*1.#816$G"+&-=8#661=#8".)&-'("0188"+-."
(1&8,"6&+61/8&"*'&,1=.1-+63"O&/&'"7#$-268("/2..'&66&,")16"#'52$&+."01.)")16.-'1=#8"
'&6&#'=)"-+".)&"=28.2'#8" #+," )16.-'1=#8" ,&%&8-*$&+.6" .)#."=8&#'&,".)&" 0#(" 7-'"
=#8=28#.1%&"'#.1-+#81.(D".)&"<'-.&6.#+."&.)1=G",16&+=)#+.$&+."#+,".)&"8-66"-7"=)#'16$#G"
&7"=1&+=(G"#+,"/2'&#2='#=(3"
" H6"#+" #61,&G"1.>6"1+.&'&6.1+5".-"6&&" )&'&"#"*-1+."-7"=-+.#=."/&.0&&+"O&/&'"#+,"
.)&"+&0"/&)#%1-'#8"&=-+-$1=6G"0)1=)"#86-"=-+61,&'6",&%1#.1-+6" 7'-$" =#8=28#.1%&"
'#.1-+#81.(3"\2." .)#.>6" #" .'1/2.#'(" 0&"0-+>." )#%&" .1$&" .-" &T*8-'&3"O&"#86-" ,-+>."
)#%&".1$&".-"6#18".)&"#+.)'-*-8-5("-'"81+5216.1=6"'1%&'6G"0)&'&"0&"=-28,")#%&"6&&+"
)-0"=28.2'#8"#+.)'-*-8-516.6"81:&"U'#+c"\-#6"#+,",1#=)'-+1="81+5216.6"81:&"H2526."
F=)8&1=)&'".'1&,"1+".)&1'"-0+"0#(6".-"&77&=."6(+.)&6&6"01.)1+".)&1'",16=1*81+&63"
" \2."8&.>6".#:&"#"6.-*"01.)")16.-'(G"#+,".2'+".-"$-'&"'&=&+.",&%&8-*$&+.63"E+.18".)&"
X_dZ6G".)&",16=1*81+&"-7")16.-'("'&$#1+&,"#"@#+:&#+"&+,&#%-'G"5&+&'#88(",161+.&'&6.&,"1+"
.)&-'("#+,"$-6.8("2+.-2=)&,"/("*)18-6-*)1=#8",&/#.&6"1+".)&"6-=1#8"6=1&+=&63"P&.")16.-'("
,1,"S"#+,",-&6"S")#%&"#",16.1+=.1%&"$&.)-,-8-5(3"!.6"7-2+,#.1-+#8"&8&$&+.6"1+=82,&"
'&81#+=&"-+"*'1$#'("6-2'=&6G"#==2'#.&"=)'-+-8-5(G"#+,".)&"+#''#.1%&"*'&6&+.#.1-+"-7"
7#=.63"!+" )16.-'(" ,-=.-'#8" *'-5'#$6G" "'6.Q(&#'"6.2,&+.6",'188",-0+",&&*8("1+.-".)&"
!7" %&'()*+,-./(*0+1+2)3'4*+5$+1+6&0+!"7"
6*&=1"=6"-7".)&1'".1$&e*8#=&"6*&=1#8.("#+," 8&#'+".)&" ='#7."-7" +#''#.1%&"/("&T#$*8&3"
4-+%&'6&8(G" #"5'#,2#.&" 6.2,&+.>6" "'6." (&#'" -7" 6.2,("1+"&=-+-$1=6"16" 6*&+."#8$-6."
&+.1'&8("-+"8&#'+1+5".)&"=-'*26"-7"$1='-&=-+-$1=".)&-'(3"I-."#"7#=.".-"/&"7-2+,3
" I&%&'.)&8&66G"'&=&+."(&#'6" )#%&" 6&&+" #" 5'&#.&'" -*&++&66" -7" )16.-'(" .-" .)&-'(3"
9)&"/15"=)#+5&"=#$&"1+".)&"X_dZ6"#+,"X_fZ6"%1#".)&"A6-=1#8"6=1&+=&")16.-'(>"*'-R&=.G"
6($/-816&,"/(" .)&" ='&#.1-+" -7" .)&" F-=1#8"F=1&+=&" N16.-'("H66-=1#.1-+3" 9)16" 0#6"
B2#+.1.#.1%&")16.-'(G"261+5"6.#.16.1=#8"$&.)-,6".-"#+#8(6&"+2$&'1=#8",#.#3"!+"8#/-'"
)16.-'(G"7-'"&T#$*8&G")16.-'1#+6"/&5#+".-"=)2'+"-2."B2#+.1.#.1%&"6.2,1&6"-7"5&-5'#*)1="
#+,"6-=1#8"$-/181.(G" 6.'1:&6G" ='1$&G" 68#%&'(G"#+," 6.#+,#',6" -7" 81%1+53"H='-66"-.)&'"
62/"&8,6"-7")16.-'(".)&'&"0#6"#"*'-817&'#.1-+"-7"6.#.16.1=#8"$-,&6"-7"#+#8(616G"&%&+"
-7")(*-.)&616" .&6.1+53" !+&%1.#/8(G".)&" B2#+.1.#.1%&")16.-'1#+6" )#," .-" '&=:-+" 01.)"
.)&-'&.1=#8"=-+=&*.6"7'-$"$#1+6.'&#$"6-=1#8"6=1&+=&G"0)18&".)&"6-=1#8"6=1&+.16.6"0)-"
/'26)&,"2*"#5#1+6.".)&$"=#$&"/&..&'".-"2+,&'6.#+,"0)#."$#,&")16.-'1#+6".1=:3"O1.)"
.)16"=#$&"6-$&"6-7.&+1+5"-7",16=1*81+#'("/-2+,#'1&63"
" O)18&"/261+&66" )16.-'(",1,"+-."B2#+.17(" 6-"&T.&+61%&8("#6"8#/-'" )16.-'(G"1.".--"
/&5#+".-"1$*-'."1,&#6"7'-$".)&"6-=1#8"6=1&+=&63"4-+61,&'".)&",177&'&+=&"/&.0&&+"
H87'&,"]3"4)#+,8&'>6"X_dg"/--:G"9&*(&"0#'($)'9&*.2&.*"G"#+,".)&"/--:")&"*2/816)&,"
Xh"(&#'6"8#.&'G":,"'K/+/B4"'3($)F"9) &"7-'$ &'"=-+ .#1+6 ".)&-'("/2."1."1 6"$1,Q '#+5& ".)&-' ("
,&'1%&,"7'-$"=#6&"6.2,1&63":,"'K/+/B4"'3($)=')-0&%&'G"0'1..&+"#.".)&"*&#:"-7".)&"6-=1#8"
6=1&+=&")16.-'("$-$&+.G"/218,6"1.6"+#''#.1%&"#'-2+,".)&".'#+6Q)16.-'1=#8"=-+=&*."-7"
.'#+6#=.1-+"=-6.63
" H+-.)&'"'-2.&"/(" 0)1=)" .)&-'(" &+.&'&," )16.-'(" 0#6".)&" 81+5216.1=" .2'+G" #"
,&%&8-*$&+."-7" .)&" X_YZ6" #+," X__Z63"N16.-'1#+6" /&=#$&" 6&+61.16&," .-" S"#+,"
&+.)'#88&,"01.)" S" )&'$&+&2.1=G" *-6.Q6.'2=.2'#8G" #+,"6&$1-.1=" 1,&#6" ,'#0+" 7'-$"
81.&'#'(".)&-'(G"#+.)'-*-8-5("#+,"81+5216.1=63"N&'&"0&"6&&" )16.-'("=)--61+5".-".18."
#0#("7'-$".)&"+-$-.)&.1="*#'.6"-7".)&"6-=1#8"6=1&+=&63"<'#=.1.1-+&'6"-7".)&"81+5216.1="
.2'+",&=-+6.'2=.&,"#+,"=)#88&+5&,"$#6.&'"+#''#.1%&6".)#.")#,"8-+5"/&&+"#==&*.&,"1+"
,177&'&+.""&8,6"-7")16.-'(3"!.".#'5&.&,"*-61.1%16."=8#1$6"S"1+=82,1+5"1+".)&"*)(61=#8"#+,"
+#.2'#8"6=1&+=&6"S".)#."-6.&+61/8("6=1&+.1"="'&6&#'=)"0#6"7'&&"-7"62/R&=.1%&"&8&$&+.63"
9)&"81+5216.1=".2'+"0#6"#"'&*2,1#.1-+"-7"6.#.16.1=#8")16.-'(G"0)1=)".-,#("8#'5&8(")#6"
/&=-$&".)&",-$#1+"-7"#"+&0"+&-=8#661=#8"/'&&,"-7"&=-+-$1=")16.-'1#+63"
" F.#.16.1=#8")16.-'("S"#+,"$#1+6.'&#$"6-=1#8"6=1&+=&"S"'&6."-+"#"%#'1#/8&Q=&+.&'&,"
#**'-#=)"1+"0)1=)"-+&"#55'&5#.&6"1+,1%1,2#8",#.#"*-1+.6"#+,"=-''&8#.&6".)&1'"=&+.'#8"
.&+,&+=1&63"9)&"81+5216.1=".2'+G")-0&%&'G"16"=-+=&'+&,"01.)"1+,1%1,2#8",#.#"*-1+.6"
#+,".)&"1+.&'*'&.#.1-+"-7".)&1'"$&#+1+563"!."=)#88&+5&6".)&"-/R&=.1%1.("-7"7#=.6G"0)1=)G"
1."16"6#1,G"#'&"+-."%#82&"7'&&G"+-'",-".)&("*-66&66"#+("1+)&'&+.G"-/R&=.1%&"'&#81.(3"!7".)16"
16".'2&G".)&+".'#,1.1-+#8")16.-'1-5'#*)("#+,"$#1+6.'&#$"6-=1#8"6=1&+=&"#'&"1+".'-2/8&3"
I-"0-+,&'"-8,Q7#6)1-+&,"$#.&'1#816.6"S"0)&.)&'"[#'T16.6"-'"$-'&"=-+%&+.1-+#8".(*&6"
S"0&'&"#8#'$&,"#+,".)'&#.&+&,"/(".)&"81+5216.1=".2'+G"1+=82,1+5"1+"8#/-'")16.-'(3
" H+-.)&'"'&=&+.",&%&8-*$&+."-7"1+.&'&6."16"-==2''1+5"1+"&=-+-$1=6"#+,"*-81.1=#8"
6=1&+=&G"0)1=)"#'&G"#'52#/8(G".)&"$-6."#)16.-'1=#8",16=1*81+&6"1+".)&"6-=1#8"6=1&+=&63"
U-'"/-.)G".)&'&")#6"/&&+"#+")16.-'1=#8".2'+3"H6"(&."1."16"#""&,581+5",&%&8-*$&+."/2."
1."16"'&8&%#+.".-".)-6&"-7"26".&#=)1+5")16.-'("1+"/261+&66"6=)--863
" !+"&=-+-$1=6G"-+&"$#+17&6.#.1-+"-7".)&")16.-'1=#8".2'+"16".)&"+&0"*-81.1=#8"&=-+-$(G"
#6"1+"]#'-+"H=&$-582"#+,"b#$&6"@-/1+6-+>6"0-':"-+".)&"-'151+6"-7",&$-='#=(3"C.)&'"
&T#$*8&6"1+=82,&".)&"8&5#8"-'151+6"*'-R&=."8#2+=)&,"/("H+,'&1"F)8&17&'"#+,"&77-'.6"
.-"#**8("*#.)",&*&+,&+=&".-".)&"6.2,("-7".&=)+-8-51=#8"=)#+5&"#+,"-.)&'".-*1=63"
8&9('0+1+,-./(*0+&:;+/<4+=).-:4..+>9<((? !77
" !+"*-81.1=#8" 6=1&+=&G" .)&")16.-'1=#8".2'+"16" :+-0+"#6")16.-'1=#8Q1+6.1.2.1-+#816$3"
!.".--"7-=26&6"-+"1+6.1.2.1-+6G"0)1=)G"/&=#26&".)&("#'&"/-2+,&,"1+".1$&G"=#++-."/&"
$#,&"6&+6&"-7"01.)-2.",1#=)'-+1="=-+=&*.6"62=)"#6"=-+.1+5&+=(G"*#.)",&*&+,&+=&G"
'2*.2'&6G"#+,"6&B2&+=1+53"N16.-'1=#8"1+6.1.2.1-+#816$"16"*'&,-$1+#+.8("61.2#.&,"#."
.)&"+#.1-+#8" 8&%&8G" #6:1+5" B2&6.1-+6" #/-2." .)&" 81+:#5&6"/&.0&&+" )16.-'1=#8" 7-'=&6"
#+,"+#.1-+#8" 6(6.&$6"-7"1++-%#.1-+G".'#1+1+5G"#+,"6-=1#8"0&87#'&G"-7.&+" 8&#,1+5".-"
=-$*#'#.1%&"#+#8(6&63
" !"0&8=-$&".)&6&"+&0",&%&8-*$&+.6"/2."0-28,"#.".)&"6#$&".1$&"#'52&".)#."*#'.6"
-7"0)#." =-$*'16&" .)&")16.-'1=#8".2'+"#'&" ,&'1%#.1%&")16.-'(3"O&" "+," .)16" *'-/8&$"
0)&+".)&'&"16"81..8&"-'"+-"26&"-7"*'1$#'("6-2'=&6G"$1+1$#8"7#$181#'1.("01.)")16.-'1=#8"
=-+.&T.G"#+," #" .&+,&+=(" .-" ,'#0"6.(816&," 7#=.6" 7'-$" #" 7#%-'&," )16.-'1=#8" 6-2'=&3"
E+,&'6.#+,1+5".)&",&.#186"#+,"5&..1+5".)&$"'15).G"0)1=)"16"0)#.")16.-'1#+6",-G"16"
+-.")15)" -+".)&"#5&+,#"-7"6-$&"-7".)-6&"*#'.1=1*#.1+5" 1+".)&")16.-'1=#8" .2'+3"9)16"
)#6"8&,".-"6&'1-26"*'-/8&$6G"7-'"&T#$*8&G"1+".)&"8&5#8"-'151+6"81.&'#.2'&3"!+"5&+&'#8G"
.)&'&"16"#".&+,&+=(".-".'&#.")16.-'1#+6"#6"$&'&")#+,$#1,&+6"-7"&%1,&+=&3"
" H+,"+-0G"#."8-+5"8#6.G".)&"6)1*")#6"602+5"1+.-"*-'.3"O)#."#/-2.".)-6&"/8#6.&,"
/261+&66"6=)--86i"\("#+,"8#'5&"/261+&66"6=)--86"#'&"+-."&#6("*8#=&6"7-'")16.-'1#+6".-"
81%&G"&%&+"7-'"6-=1#8"6=1&+=&")16.-'1#+6"81:&"$&3"<#'."-7".)&"7#28."16"-2'"-0+3"[#+("-7"
26")#%&")-8&,"-77"#+,"=-$$2+1=#.&,"-+8("01.)"81:&Q$1+,&,"='&#.2'&63"O&",-+>.".'("
.-"&T*8#1+")-0")16.-'("=#+"&+'1=)"0)#."/261+&66"6=)--86",-3"?&.>6"7#=&"1.D"0&")#%&"-2'"
0-':"=2."-2."7-'"263"\261+&66"6=)--86"#'&"+-."$1+1"6-=1#8Q6=1&+=&"2+1.63"9)&(",'#0"
7'-$".)&"$-6."#)16.-'1=#8"*#'.6"-7".)&"6-=1#8"6=1&+=&6"#+,"#86-"7'-$"&+51+&&'1+53"H6"
#"$#':&.1+5"=-88&#52&"-+=&"6#1,".-"$&G")16.-'("16"R26."#+-.)&'"+#$&"7-'".1$&"6&'1&6"
#+#8(6163
" 9)&"5--,"+&06G")-0&%&'G"16".)#."/261+&66"6=)--86G"#."8&#6."1+".)&"E+1.&,"F.#.&6G"
)#%&"#"8-+5".'#,1.1-+"-7"1,1-5'#*)1=".)-25).3"!."16"=#88&,".)&"=#6&"$&.)-,3"\261+&66"
6=)--86"#86-" #'&"*'#5$#.1="#+,"*'#=.1=#8" *8#=&6G"0)1=)"$&#+6".)#." .)&("#'&"$-'&"
-*&+".)#+G"6#(G"&=-+-$1=6",&*#'.$&+.6G".-"&$*1'1=#8"'&6&#'=)G"$1,Q'#+5&".)&-'(G"#+,"
1+.&',16=1*81+#'("&T=)#+5&3"N&'&"#+,".)&'&"S"1+=82,1+5"#."$("-0+"/261+&66"6=)--8"
#."E4?H"S".)&"+&0"*-81.1=#8"&=-+-$(")#6"$#,&"1+'-#,63"F-")#6"&=-+-$1="6-=1-8-5(G"
#"'&8#.1%&8(")16.-'1=#8""&8,3
" O)#.",-" 0&"#6")16.-'1#+6")#%&" .-"-77&'".-" -2'"=-88&#52&6"#+," 6.2,&+.6i"U1'6.G"
)16.-'("16" #"0#(".-" .)1+:"#/-2."=)#+5&3" N16.-'1#+6"2+,&'6.#+,".)#."0&"81%&"1+"#+"
1$*&'$#+&+."0-'8,3"O)#."-.)&'6".#:&"7-'"5'#+.&,"0&"6&&"#6"=-+.1+5&+."#+,".1$&"
/-2+,3"O&"*#("#..&+.1-+".-"*'-=&66"S")-0"=-$*#+1&6"#+,"&=-+-$1&6"$-%&"7'-$"
-+&"*-1+.".-"#+-.)&'3"O&"#'&"#..2+&,".-"*'-/8&$6"-7"=-+.1+21.("#+,",16=-+.1+21.(3"
\2."1."16"+-."-+8("&=-+-$("#+,"6-=1&.(".)#."#'&".1$&"/-2+,^"1."16"#86-"-2'"1,&#6"#/-2."
.)&$3"M%&+".)&"1,&#6",16=266&,"1+"/261+&66"6=)--86"#'&""..1+5"62/R&=.6".-")16.-'1=16&3"
H+"1+.&'&6.1+5"&T#$*8&"16"F3[3"H$#,#&>6"/--:G"L(&/%$(4/M/$0'N(G/&(4/+&'@"A%2*(2#O'
&,"'N%4)'P(*'Q*/0/$+'%-'L(&/%$(4'N,%/2"'R/B"*(4/+A"VE+1%&'61.("-7"4)1=#5-"<'&66G"gZZ`W3"
F)&"6.2,1&,".)&"4-8,"O#'"-'151+6"-7"'#.1-+#8"=)-1=&".)&-'("#+," 5#$&".)&-'(3"!+"#"
+2.6)&88")&'"#'52$&+."16".)#.".)&6&"1,&#6"0&'&"+-."#"6=1&+.1"=")".+'"S'A(2,/$(3"@#.)&'"
.)&("#**&#'&,"#6".)&"'&628."-7"<&+.#5-+Q72+,&,"'&6&#'=)".-"521,&"$181.#'(",&=161-+6"
#+,".-"01+".)&"1,&-8-51=#8"6:1'$16)&6"-7".)&"4-8,"O#'3"9&88".)#.".-"(-2'"=-88&#52&6"
1+"-*&'#.1-+6"'&6&#'=)"#+,",&=161-+"6=1&+=&3
" 9)1',G")16.-'("16"#"0#(".-".)1+:"#/-2."=#26#81.("#+,"#5&+=(3"N16.-'1#+6"2+,&'6.#+,"
.)#."%#'1#/8&6"#'&"+-."*&-*8&G"#+,".)#."%#'1#/8&Q=&+.&'&,"=#26#81.("16"+-."#"62/6.1.2.&"
!7! %&'()*+,-./(*0+1+2)3'4*+5$+1+6&0+!"7"
7-'")16.-'1=#8" *'-=&66&63" U-'" /261+&66" 6.2,&+.6G" 1.>6"+-." &+-25)" .-" 8&#'+" )-0".-"
$#+1*28#.&"%#'1#/8&63"9)&("#86-")#%&".-":+-0")-0"/261+&66"8&#,&'6"#+,"=-$*&.1.-'6"
'&=:-+&,"01.)"'&#81.("#+,"6-25).".-"=)#+5&"1.3"C+&"=#+"8&#'+".)16"7'-$"#"/261+&66"
/1-5'#*)("#6"$2=)"#6"7'-$"#+"&=-+-$&.'1="*#*&'3"9)&".'1=:"7-'")16.-'1#+6"16".-"0'1.&"
/261+&66"/1-5'#*)1&6".)#."#'&"='&#.1%&"#+,"*'-7-2+,3
" U1+#88(G" )16.-'("7-'=&6"26" .-" '&=:-+" 01.)" =-$*8&T1.(" S"01.)" +2$&'-26" #+,"
1+.&',&*&+,&+."%#'1#/8&63"H6")16.-'1#+"b-)+" ;#,,16" )#6" 6#1,G" )16.-'1#+6"6&&:"
*#'61$-+("01.)"'&6*&=.".-"-2.=-$&6"/2."+-."01.)"'&6*&=.".-"=#26&6G"0)&'&#6"6-=1#8"
6=1&+.16.6"*'1%18&5&".)&"*#'61$-+("-7"=#26&6"/&=#26&"1."16".)&"'-(#8"'-#,".-"*'&,1=.1-+3"
N16.-'1#+6"#'&"=-$7-'.#/8&"01.)"/15"B2&6.1-+6G".)-6&".)#."#'&"+-."#$&+#/8&".-".)&"
A+-'$#8"6=1&+=&>".&=)+1B2&"-7"6&B2&+.1#88("=2..1+5"-77"681=&6"7'-$".)&"*#'#,15$").'
T%.*3"[#+("-/6&'%&'6"-7"$#+#5&$&+."&,2=#.1-+"S"1+=82,1+5"/261+&66"8&#,&'6"S"0-''("
.)#.".)&"[\H"$-,&8")#6"602+5".--"7#'"1+".)&",1'&=.1-+"-7"#+#8(.1=".&=)+1B2&6".)#."
,-+>."#**8("0&88"1+".)&"'&#8"0-'8,G"-'"#."8&#6.".-".)&"R-/6"-2'"6.2,&+.6"0188")-8,3"9)&"
6.2,&+.6G"1."16"6#1,G"7#18".-"5&."A.)&"/15"*1=.2'&>"#+,"=#++-."&6=#*&".)&"=-+=&*.2#8"7&..&'6"
-7".)&"*'&6&+."$-$&+.3"N16.-'1#+6")#%&"#"8-.".-"-77&'")&'&3"O&"6)-28,"/&".)&"-+&6"
.#:1+5".)&"8&#,"-+",&%&8-*1+5"='-66Q,16=1*81+#'(G"/15Q.)1+:"=-2'6&63"N#'%#',"\261+&66"
F=)--8>6"=-'&"=-2'6&" =#88&," \;!M" V\261+&66G" ;-%&'+$&+.G"#+," .)&" !+.&'+#.1-+#8"
M=-+-$(W"=-28,"-+8(")#%&")#**&+&," #." N#'%#',"/&=#26&"-7" .)&" '&8#.1%&8("8#'5&"
+2$/&'"-7"/261+&66")16.-'1#+6"-+"1.6"7#=28.(3"\2."1+".)&"E+1.&,"F.#.&6G"N#'%#',"16"+./'
0"$"*/+F'
" H+(0#(G"!".)1+:"0&>%&"'&#=)&,".)&"&+,"-7"-2'"R-2'+&(3"K&&*"1+"$1+,".)#."-.)&'"
/-#.6"0188"/&",&*#'.1+5"7-'"72.2'&"*-1+.6"#8-+5".)&"'1%&'3"!"016)"(-2"#88".)&"/&6."01.)"
(-2'"+&0G"6-'&8(Q+&&,&,"-'5#+16#.1-+3"
Sanford M. Jacoby"/+'&,"'3%6(*)'5%B4"'U*%-"++%*'%-'A($(0"A"$&='G.B4/2'G%4/2#='($)',/+&%*#'
(&';NR1F' ' '3"'/+' &,"'(.&,%*'%-''<"'B%%V+' ($)'$.A"*%.+'(*&/24"+' %$'/$).+&*/(4'*"4(&/%$+='
2%*G%*(&"'A($(0"A"$&='4(B%*'A(*V"&+='($)'6%*VG4(2"',/+&%*#F'3/+'A%+&'*"2"$&'B%%V'/+":,"'
WAB"))")'N%*G%*(&/%$O'N%*G%*(&"'X%<"*$($2"' ($)' WAG4%#A"$&' L"4(&/%$+' /$'Y(G($'($)'
&,"';$/&")'9&(&"+'ZCDD[\3
]+($-%*)FT(2%B#^($)"*+%$F.24(F")._
CSIC Scientific Challenges: Towards 2030. Volume 4. Challenges in Biomedicine and Health
Book
  • Apr 2021
A lesson that we have learned from the pandemia caused by coronavirus is that solutions in health require coordinated actions. Beside this and other emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, millions of Europeans are suffering a plethora of disorders that are currently acquiring epidemic dimensions, including cancer, rare diseases, pain and food allergies, among others. New tools for prevention, diagnosis and treatment need to be urgently designed and implemented using new holistic and multidisciplinary approaches at three different levels (basic research, translational/clinical and public/social levels) and involving researchers, clinicians, industry and all stakeholders in the health system. The CSIC is excellently positioned to lead and coordinate these challenges in Biomedicine and Health.
View
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.