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Whose space? Differences among users and non-users of social network sites
... Because of this large base of users, social media in general and Facebook, in particular, have provided a rich venue for studies in a wide range of use and user topics. Examples of topics include relationships of social media with student engagement and academic performance (Junco, 2012), academic major , age , ethnicity (Gabre & Kumar, 2012;Grasmuck, Martin & Zhao, 2009;Hargittai, 2008;Mathiyalakan et al., 2017), gender issues (Hargittai, 2008;Junco et al., 2010;Mathiyalakan et al., 2016), and privacy (Lewis, Kaufman & Christakis, 2008;Pinchot & Paullet, 2012;Whitcomb & Fiedler, 2010). ...
... Because of this large base of users, social media in general and Facebook, in particular, have provided a rich venue for studies in a wide range of use and user topics. Examples of topics include relationships of social media with student engagement and academic performance (Junco, 2012), academic major , age , ethnicity (Gabre & Kumar, 2012;Grasmuck, Martin & Zhao, 2009;Hargittai, 2008;Mathiyalakan et al., 2017), gender issues (Hargittai, 2008;Junco et al., 2010;Mathiyalakan et al., 2016), and privacy (Lewis, Kaufman & Christakis, 2008;Pinchot & Paullet, 2012;Whitcomb & Fiedler, 2010). ...
... Using mainly 18 and 19 year old students enrolled at the University of Illinois, Chicago, Hargittai (2008) examined the impact of gender, ethnicity, and parental education on social network use. Hispanic students used MySpace (a popular site in 2008, but now revamped) significantly more than White students while Asians and Asian American students were significantly less likely to use MySpace. ...
... This gender disparity is particularly noticeable on platforms like Pinterest, where women are significantly more likely to be users than men (Auxier & Anderson, 2021) [5] . Marital status can affect usage frequency, as single individuals often use social media for networking and relationship-building, while married users might focus on maintaining existing connections (Hargittai, 2007) [11] . This is consistent with findings from Toma and Hancock (2013) [32] , who observed that single individuals tend to use social media more intensively for self-presentation and relationship seeking. ...
... This gender disparity is particularly noticeable on platforms like Pinterest, where women are significantly more likely to be users than men (Auxier & Anderson, 2021) [5] . Marital status can affect usage frequency, as single individuals often use social media for networking and relationship-building, while married users might focus on maintaining existing connections (Hargittai, 2007) [11] . This is consistent with findings from Toma and Hancock (2013) [32] , who observed that single individuals tend to use social media more intensively for self-presentation and relationship seeking. ...
This study investigates the intricate relationships between demographic factors, social media usage patterns, and their impact on the social dynamics of Maldivian youth. Specifically, it examines how age, gender, marital status, education level, daily social media usage, platform preferences, primary motivations for use, and posting frequency influence young people's relationships and social interactions in the Maldives. Employing a quantitative design, data was collected from 408 Maldivian youth using online questionnaires. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was utilized to analyze the data. Key findings include: a peak in social media impact for the 27-31 age group, suggesting a critical period of personal and professional engagement; gender differences potentially reflecting broader societal norms; higher impact on single individuals, indicating social media's role in relationship formation; and a "sweet spot" of moderate to high usage (1-4 hours daily) correlating with increased impact. The study also found that platform choice significantly influenced social media's impact, with TikTok users reporting the highest effects, likely due to the platform's growing popularity and unique features. Moreover, those using social media primarily for professional networking experienced greater impact, highlighting the platform's evolving role beyond personal communication. These findings underscore the complex interplay between personal characteristics, usage patterns, and social media's influence on Maldivian youth. By providing insights into this understudied population, this research contributes valuable data to the growing body of cross-cultural social media studies. The results have implications for policymakers and other stakeholders seeking to understand and navigate the evolving digital landscape in the Maldives and similar cultural contexts.
... Ota (2011) also found some evidence of peer support both linguistically and emotionally and concluded that SNSs could promote peer assistance. Hargittai (2007) studied the demographics of SNS users to understand who uses SNSs and who are likely to use what types of SNSs. She found that differences in choice of SNSs were related to a student's background. ...
... The choice of SNS platform for Nihongo4us was not a mainstream SNS, therefore, it might have presented different results. Hargittai (2007) and Ota (2011) found that each SNS has pre-existing factors and purposes; SNSs are not identical in their designs, communities and operations, therefore, research results based on only one SNS may not be fully generalized across other SNSs. ...
... Within the remaining corpus, there is a great number of texts, that observe reproduction of inequality structures in the context of digitization (37%) (Dodel & Mesch, 2018;Lewis et al., 2008;Ruvalcaba et al., 2018;Vochocova, 2018) or reduction (12%) of inequality (Gaia et al., 2021;Hamilton, 2020;Nguyen et al., 2020). Only in about 4% of our text corpus did we find evidence of an increase in social inequality due to digitization (Bacher-Hicks et al., 2021;Conner, 2019;Hargittai, 2007;Milkman, 2017;Ortiz, 2019). Although the question of the inequality consequences of digitization cannot be answered conclusively at present, these trends are remarkable in our view. ...
... Among other things, our analysis of existing research shows, that while inequalities in access to and use of digital technologies have diminished, they remain visible. This "digital divide" (Halford & Savage, 2010;Hargittai, 2007; L. Robinson et al., 2015) exists between men and women primarily in countries of the global South, while it no longer exists in this way in Western societies (unlike in the early 2000s). Ethnicity continues to mark an important dividing line; the digital divide by age tends to decrease. ...
The digitization process has triggered a profound transformation of modern societies. It encompasses a broad spectrum of technical, social, political, cultural and economic developments related to the mass use of computer- and internet-based technologies. It is now becoming increasingly clear that digitization is also changing existing structures of social inequality and that new structures of digital inequality are emerging. This is shown by a growing number of recent individual studies. In this paper, we set ourselves the task of systematizing this new research within the framework of an empirically supported literature review. To do so, we use the PRISMA model for literature reviews and focus on three central dimensions of inequality - ethnicity, gender, and age - and their relevance within the discourse on digitization and inequality. The empirical basis consists of journal articles published between 2000 and 2020 and listed on the Web of Science, as well as an additional Google Scholar search, through which we attempt to include important monographs and contributions to edited volumes in our analyses. Our text corpus thus comprises a total of 281 articles. Empirically, our literature review shows that unequal access to digital resources largely reproduces existing structures of inequality; in some cases, studies report a reduction in social inequalities as a result of the digitization process.
... The digital divide is related to a lack of access to modern information technologies (Park, 2008). The digital divide concept is usually binary classification accessibility and non-accessibility to the internet (Hargittai, 2007). The prominent studies suggested the three levels of the digital divide; the first one digital divide access to a digital device, which shows inequalities in access to ICT such as computers, laptops, workplace, or home. ...
... Similarly, digital inclusion contained "technical infrastructure as the essential and fundamental foundation for inclusion, digital awareness programs, and understanding of basic IT skills and digital empowerment" as part of the digital inclusion concept (Bertot, 2016;Vosloo, 2018). Prior studies have exposed that education and age influence the likelihood of digital skills (Hargittai, 2007). Other studies in digital capability divide research, such as Van Deursen and Van-Dijk (2010), examine that digital skills are likely to improve with IT usage. ...
The Information and Communications Technology (ICT) revolution has radically improved connectivity across the globe and pervaded into most aspects of modern human life. The fourth industrial revolution is currently taking place, and it will be digital. Pakistan has made significant progress in the last few years in IT, but currently, Pakistan is ranked 135 out of 144 in access to the internet. This low level of ICT usage depends on the multiple factors affecting the individual's decision to ICT usage. For this purpose, this study surveys the correlates of ICT use capabilities in Pakistan. ICT usage is composite of specified digital skills. The data sourced from PSLM – HIES survey (2018-2019) was used for empirical analysis. The empirical evidence is based on the Logit model. The marginal effects of the Logit model suggest that socioeconomic, demographic, regional, and supply-side factors well explain the variation in the ICT usage capabilities of the individuals. Moreover, the leading determinants of the digital divide are ICT infrastructure and access to focal technology. We found a sizeable digital divide among the individuals of Pakistan. This study is an implication of target 9c of the ninth goal of sustainable development goals related to increasing access to ICT and striving to provide universal and affordable access to the internet in least-developed countries. The study's findings help the researcher highlight the factors hindering the ICT use capabilities of individuals and bridging Pakistan's digital divide diffusion.
... However, researchers as well as patients have expressed concern about sample bias on social media [6,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Previous research on social media use in general shows that young people, women, and people of a higher socioeconomic class are generally highly represented [23][24][25][26]. Although there has been some work that shows that these differences persist over time [26,27], other work indicates that some factors such as age are becoming less influential as the overall adoption of social media is growing. ...
... On the basis of studies of the general population of social media users [23][24][25][26][27], it appears that those demographic groups that consume more medication (ie, older patients, people of low socioeconomic status, and patients with chronic conditions) are generally not highly represented on social media platforms [14]. However, it remains unclear whether these findings generalize to the specific case of web-based patient-to-patient communication. ...
Background:
Increasingly, social media is being recognized as a potential resource for patient-generated health data, for example, for pharmacovigilance. Although the representativeness of the web-based patient population is often noted as a concern, studies in this field are limited.
Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the sample bias of patient-centered social media in Dutch patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).
Methods:
A population-based survey was conducted in the Netherlands among 328 patients with GIST diagnosed 2-13 years ago to investigate their digital communication use with fellow patients. A logistic regression analysis was used to analyze clinical and demographic differences between forum users and nonusers.
Results:
Overall, 17.9% (59/328) of survey respondents reported having contact with fellow patients via social media. Moreover, 78% (46/59) of forum users made use of GIST patient forums. We found no statistically significant differences for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and time since diagnosis between forum users (n=46) and nonusers (n=273). Patient forum users did differ significantly in (self-reported) treatment phase from nonusers (P=.001). Of the 46 forum users, only 2 (4%) were cured and not being monitored; 3 (7%) were on adjuvant, curative treatment; 19 (41%) were being monitored after adjuvant treatment; and 22 (48%) were on palliative treatment. In contrast, of the 273 patients who did not use disease-specific forums to communicate with fellow patients, 56 (20.5%) were cured and not being monitored, 31 (11.3%) were on curative treatment, 139 (50.9%) were being monitored after treatment, and 42 (15.3%) were on palliative treatment. The odds of being on a patient forum were 2.8 times as high for a patient who is being monitored compared with a patient that is considered cured. The odds of being on a patient forum were 1.9 times as high for patients who were on curative (adjuvant) treatment and 10 times as high for patients who were in the palliative phase compared with patients who were considered cured. Forum users also reported a lower level of social functioning (84.8 out of 100) than nonusers (93.8 out of 100; P=.008).
Conclusions:
Forum users showed no particular bias on the most important demographic variables of age, sex, socioeconomic status, and time since diagnosis. This may reflect the narrowing digital divide. Overrepresentation and underrepresentation of patients with GIST in different treatment phases on social media should be taken into account when sourcing patient forums for patient-generated health data. A further investigation of the sample bias in other web-based patient populations is warranted.
... Social media use is influenced by gender (e.g. Dikbaş Torun, 2019; Hargittai, 2007;Khan, 2017;Muscanell & Guadagno, 2012). Women are more likely to engage in maintaining relationships on social media and men are more likely to use social media to form new connections (Muscanell & Guadagno, 2012). ...
... Women are more likely to engage in maintaining relationships on social media and men are more likely to use social media to form new connections (Muscanell & Guadagno, 2012). Women tend to use social media such as MySpace more than men (Hargittai, 2007). Women were likely to engage in social media use more positively and effectively than men (Dikbaş Torun, 2019). ...
The purpose of this study was to examine differences among fashion innovativeness groups and genders in social media engagement and need for variety and to examine social media use among a group of Gen Zers. Social Media Engagement (SME) theory, Basic Psychological Needs Theory, and the Uses and Gratifications framework guided the research. Fashion innovativeness, social media engagement (for searching, sharing, and entertainment), and need for variety are connected. Fashion innovators scored highest in SME-search, SME-share, and SME-entertain followed by early, late, and reluctant adopters. Fashion innovators scored highest on need for variety, followed by early and late adopters, followed by reluctant adopters. Women engaged in social media use more than men for SME-search, SME-share, and SME-entertain but men and women did not differ in need for variety. Women scored higher on fashion innovativeness than men. Implications for theory, practice, and education are provided.
... Studies have highlighted how these linguistic practices contribute to identity construction and social bonding among university students, reinforcing group affiliations and signalling insider status within digital communities (Herring, 2013;Danet & Herring, 2007). However, concerns have been raised regarding the potential impact on formal language skills and academic writing, with some scholars cautioning against the erosion of grammatical norms and linguistic precision (Hargittai, 2008;Drouin, 2011). ...
The integration of text communication platforms into daily interactions has fundamentally reshaped language practices among university students. This study explores the prevalence, factors, and implications of chat abbreviations and slang adoption within higher education contexts. We collected data from a diverse sample of university students using a mixed-methods approach that combined qualitative interviews and quantitative surveys we find reveal a pervasive use of chat abbreviations ("LOL," "OMG") and slang terms ("lit," "AF") across various digital platforms, highlighting their role in facilitating efficient communication and social bonding. Factors influencing adoption include technological affordances, peer influence, and identity construction within digital communities. Educational implications suggest a need to balance digital literacy with formal language skillsemphasizing awareness of context-specific communication norms. Theoretical insights draw upon social shaping theory to elucidate the reciprocal relationship between digital technologies and linguistic practices. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how text communication platforms shape language norms and social interactions among university students, urging further exploration into longitudinal trends and cross-cultural variations. Key words: Text communication, chat abbreviations-slang, university students.
... Members of internet communities are not tied to particular time or space, nor do they berry similar attributes or attitudes. People come to networks and communities bringing their real identities and opening themselves for fair online relationships (Hargittai, 2007). ...
As redes sociais e mídias sociais no geral na internet passaram a integrar a rotina de vida das pessoas. Ocupando grande parte do seu tempo, este novo fenómeno não poderia deixar de interessar aos gestores. Cada vez mais, eles precisam de estar onde estão os clientes. Para muitas empresas modernas, torna-se um desafio incorporar as mídias sociais nas suas estratégias de negócios e nas próprias estratégias de marketing. Os sites das redes sociais constituem grandes oportunidades para atingir os públicos-alvo de uma maneira diferente e, muitas vezes, mais eficiente, na medida em que disfarçam armadilhas perigosas para os que adotam estes novos meios. As empresas concebem, assim, novas práticas de ir ao encontro do seu real valor – os clientes. A comunicação agressiva numa só direção não resulta mais em vendas promissoras. Hoje em dia os clientes querem ser ouvidos pela empresa e interagir com ela. Este artigo debruça-se sobre o conceito de sites de redes sociais, plataformas digitais emergentes para as interações sociais. Discutem-se ainda novos princípios de marketing e os esforços que terão que ser implementados para uma comunicação nas redes sociais, para além de se revelarem novos aspetos do comportamento do consumidor.
... They can inform future developments and adaptations of the MR system to cater to the specific needs and preferences of different user groups. Moreover, some published studies reported higher satisfaction levels and acceptance of software and information systems generically compared to male users (Hargittai 2007;Venkatesh et al. 2003;Beldad et al. 2010;Zhou et al. 2014). One possible explanation for this difference could be related to the way individuals engage with technology. ...
Police investigation in real-life crime scenes is an essential aspect of forensic science education. However, the practicality of bringing young investigators to actual crime scenes is often hindered by the costs and challenges involved. In order to overcome these obstacles, new technologies such as mixed reality (MR) are being explored as potential solutions. MR technology offers an interactive and cost-effective way to simulate real-life crime scenes, providing a valuable training experience for young investigators. This paper presents a novel design of a MR system using Microsoft HoloLens 2.0, which is tailored to work in a spatial 3D scanned and reconstructed crime scene using FARO point cloud 3D scanner X130 blended with photogrammetry techniques. The system was developed through the lens of Experiential Learning Theory and designed using a participatory approach, providing a cost-effective solution to help trained Kuwaiti police officers enhance their investigative skills. In order to evaluate the system’s user experience and user interaction, the Questionnaire of User Interaction Satisfaction and User Experience Questionnaire were utilised. Forty-four young police officers evaluated the system. Police students showed positive levels of satisfaction with user interaction and overall user experience with minimal negative feedback. Female students showed higher satisfaction with the overall impression compared to male students. Based on the positive feedback regarding the system expansion, the system will be taken into the commercialisation stage in the future to be provided as an essential tool for crime scene education and investigation practices.
... Our study population is thus much younger and comprises more women and general practitioners. This female predominance aligns with demographic studies on social networks, which show that women, more so than men, use the internet primarily for interpersonal communication and social interactions [15,16]. ...
Background
Digital health has surged during the Covid health crisis, and the use of social media, already prevalent in medicine, has significantly increased. There are Social Networks groups dedicated to physicians with an educational purpose. These groups also facilitate peer discussions on medical questions and the sharing of training materials.
Objectives
The aim of our study was to assess the value of these new tools and their contribution to medical education.
Methods
An anonymous questionnaire was conducted among members of a Social Networks community group for physicians. The survey received responses from 1451 participants.
Results
The majority of participants believed they had enriched their medical knowledge and accessed documents they would not have accessed without the group. Subgroup analysis showed that the contribution of this tool is more pronounced for general practitioners and doctors practicing in limited healthcare access.
Conclusion
It is essential to develop digital tools that enhance physician training, and social networks represent a valuable educational tool.
... On the other hand, some research reveals that the human brain can be made to multitask. According to Hargittai (2007) study published in Child Development, the brain's ability to categorize conflicting information continues to grow as a person gets older (Alhebaishi, 2019). Another Vanderbilt University (2015) study indicated that the pace at which our prefrontal brain processes information limits our ability to mult itask. ...
Multitasking has become a prevalent strategy for handling a multitude of tasks, though its efficacy remains a topic of debate in the domain of organizational behavior. In the context of education, teachers perpetually grapple with an extensive array of daily responsibilities. This study was undertaken with the objective of evaluating the impact of teachers' multitasking on the overall quality of performance within identified public elementary schools. In this research quantitative method was employed, involving school leaders and teachers from three specific schools, and a multifaceted approach was employed. The sampling strategy included purposeful sampling to select school’s representative of the population, employing stratified sampling for diversity, and ensuring randomness where needed. The study culminated in an integration of both data types, yielding a comprehensive understanding of the research questions. Ethical considerations, informed consent, and confidentiality were maintained throughout the research process, ensuring the validity and reliability of the findings. The study's findings reveal that public-school teachers are heavily burdened with multitasking responsibilities, negatively affecting their teaching performance and leading to subpar academic outcomes. To address this issue, the researcher strongly recommends the implementation, rigorous assessment, and continuous monitoring of a training program. In essence, this study highlights the detrimental impact of multitasking on teaching performance in public elementary schools and emphasizes the urgent need for improvement through a structured training program aimed at enhancing the educational experience for teachers and students alike.
... With time, the tariff rates fell drastically, and the sluggish dial-up technology was slowly replaced by the faster broadband technology, and the use of land phone lines were replaced by local area network (LAN). These factors led to increased internet usage; still, internet users were concentrated mostly in the major cities, leaving semi-urban and rural regions in the dark (Hargittai, E., 2007, Sagapsapan, & Campiseño, 2018. ...
This paper delves into the problems the job portals are facing in Bangladesh. Using a non-probabilistic, convenience sampling, 43 managers across 10 job portals were identified and surveyed. The study recognized 17 major problems obstructing the growth and prosperity of job sites in Bangladesh. Out of these, 5 are internal problems, namely: low revenue, lack of IT experts, insufficient promotional budget, lack of ATL promotion, lack of BTL promotion. It was no surprise when the respondents revealed that lack of promotional budget is a colossal problem for them which results in zero ATL promotion. The 12 external problems identified are poor internet access in rural areas, low bandwidth, high cost of internet connectivity, low government job postings in job portals, lack of sufficient and appropriate training facilities for IT specialists, lack of awareness of job portals among job applicants, lack of awareness of job portals among employers, user unfamiliarity with the online interface, lack of trust on the part of job applicants, lack of trust on the part of employers, IT specialists' better career opportunities abroad. Overall, the most crucial problems are the infrastructure and problems related to the market condition.
... Вчені, які сфокусувалися на вивченні соціально-демографічного портрету користувачів соціальних мереж, на прикладі студентів бакалаврату коледжу, виявили, що жінки не тільки більш схильні до використання соціальних мереж, але й до використання різних функцій та послуг, у тому числі на Facebook, MySpace і Friendster [7]. До протилежних висновків призвело дослідження дорослого населення США проведене Pew Internet & American Life Project [4]., яке показало, що чоловіки, швидше за все, мають кілька профілів у кількох соціальних мережах, тобто саме чоловіки є більш активними користувачами. ...
Стаття присвячена розгляду гендерної специфіки соціальних мереж в Україні
як основи для соціального медіа маркетингу. Проаналізовані гендерні відмінності у поведінці та мотивації користувачів соціальних мереж на основі проведених закордонних досліджень.
Надано портрет українських користувачів Facebook, Vkontakte, LinkedIn з урахуванням
соціально-демографічних особливостей на основі даних для рекламодавців, що дало змогу
сформулювати ідеальну цільову аудиторію та ідеальні для просування продукти для кожної із
зазначеної соціальних мереж.
... In terms of gender, Hargittai (2007) found that men were no more likely than women to use Facebook in a large study of 1,060 college freshmen in the United States. Raacke and Bonds-Raacke validated this finding in a small survey of 116 American college students (2008). ...
Academic literature on Facebook in the fields of management, economics and psychology is reviewed in this article, where we focus on users of this social network to understand why they signed up, how they form networks and how they engage, and how companies can exploit and benefit from Facebook. Although many interesting topics have been covered, the study clearly reveals that much of the work done so far has been limited to certain situations, it analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the studies, and suggests avenues of research for the future.
... Social media are often researched from an industry perspective (Albarran, 2013: 1). Early research on social media concentrated on areas such as communication patterns and preferences, psychological impact and uses and gratifications (Ang et al., 2015;Ellison et al., 2007;Pempek et al., 2009;Hargittai, 2007). In the beginning of the social media era, the early concept of social media was called 'social networking sites' 2 (Albarran, 2013: 1). ...
The role of Instagram as a facilitator of experiences of well-being has been questioned by scholars such as Brooks (2015), Argo and Lowery (2017), Ladhari et al. (2020), Sheldon et al. (2019), Altuwairiqi et al. (2019) and Turkle (2017). These scholars argue that Instagram influences the individual’s sense of well-being negatively. This thesis also focuses on the relationship between well-being and Instagram use; based on both personal experiences as well as interviews with Instagram users, this thesis investigates how and in what ways Instagram affects an individual’s sense of well-being both positively and negatively. Furthermore, this study investigates how Instagram, well-being and authenticity are related by delving deeper into the question whether and how Instagram enables ‘authentic Instagram entrepreneurship’ by enabling ‘online authenticity’.
Within this study I used a mixed-method approach – grounded in uses and gratifications theory and self-determination theory – to understand how well-being and Instagram use relate. I first utilize autoethnographic analysis to delineate my personal experiences as Instagram user, inspirator and as authentic entrepreneur and analyze the desires, needs and uses Instagram use fulfils for me personally and professionally, and how this relates to my sense of well-being. Secondly, I employ qualitative interviewing with specific Instagram users, combined with thematic analysis, to further underpin or gain new insights about Instagram use and experiences of well-being and authenticity.
This thesis concludes that Instagram positively contributes to a sense of well-being by enabling access to inspiration, knowledge and connection in a community. To Instagram users, Instagram serves as a gateway to finding inspiration, knowledge and a connection with others by allowing inspirators to share their experiences and expertise with others. To Instagram entrepreneurs or inspirators, Instagram serves as a podium to reach a large audience that could be inspired by their authentic story. Instagram satisfies individual needs and desires that relate to personal growth, personal connections, support and growth in business. Having these desires fulfilled increases well-being. On the other hand, it also emerged that Instagram usage could change into a more negative “need” by turning inspiration into an obligation, resulting in a decreased sense of well-being.
The way Instagram influences the Instagram user and the entrepreneur or inspirator can be characterized by the dynamics of what I term the ‘outside in, inside out’ approach. Within the ‘outside in’ approach Instagram serves as an external factor that influences the inner life of an individual. Considering the ‘inside out’ approach, this is the other way around: Instagram is still a strong external factor, but does not ‘dominate’ the inner life.
In terms of self-determination theory, needs and desires for ‘inspiration’, ‘knowledge’, ‘connection’ and ‘obligation’ can be translated into the dynamics of the ‘outside in, inside out’ approach. The one influences the other. The analysis of the autoethnographic material and interviews illustrate these dynamics. For instance, when I participated as inspirator on Instagram and mainly cared about external factors such as satisfying my community and the Instagram algorithm, my sense of well-being decreased; external factors determined my sense of well-being. However, these dynamics shifted to the ‘inside out’ as soon as I refocused Instagram use to ‘authenticity’. In line with the insights gained through the interviews, the analysis of the autoethnographic material indicates that by listening what I want to share instead of what I am expected to share, my sense of well-being increases. External factors like an algorithm or community are no longer most important. Nevertheless, as an ‘authentic entrepreneur’, there is always a form of ‘performed authenticity’ involved to gain new customers. Tensions between the ‘outside in, inside out’ approach and the need of Instagram entrepreneurs to ‘perform authentically’ mark the dynamic relationship and understanding of how these entrepreneurs experience well-being through Instagram use.
... This phenomenon is also shared by students who are studying in higher learning institutions. Some studies has shown that the percentage of Facebook users among university students was anywhere between 85 and 99% (Hargittai, 2008;Jones & Fox, 2009;Matney & Borland, 2009). It can be seen that the percentage is very high and this perhaps depicted the utilization of Facebook in the students' lives and the high tendency to spend their leisure time by utilizing Facebook. ...
Facebook is one of the popular social networking websites which is not only popular because of its usage as a socializing platform, but also its role in educational setting. It has received much attention among educators and researchers who have been investigating the role of Facebook as a teaching tool. However, the roles that it can play in promoting learning are still being explored. This study investigated the use of Facebook, in preparing students before coming to lecture-based classes. This study involved 47 semester three students of Diploma in Teaching (Teaching English as a Second Language) of International Islamic University College Selangor (KUIS) whereby five of them were randomly selected to be interviewed. The data for this study was collected through interview sessions of five subjects. It was found that the use of Facebook has helped to make students more prepared as they became more engaged and motivated by participating actively in classroom discussion.
... Existing research is still undecided about which dimensions or types of Internet use can be distinguished (Blank & Groselj, 2014). While much research on Internet use has focused more on use vs. non-use of the Internet or the frequency of Internet use (Cotten, Anderson & McCullough, 2013;Hargittai, 2007), some researchers have tended to believe that it is not enough to analyse only these two aspects and have begun to pay increasing attention to different types of Internet use (Gordon, Juang, & Syed, 2007). Based on the Oxford Internet Survey 2011 data, Blank & Groselj (2014) used principal component analysis to distinguish 10 specific types of Internet use. ...
Based on survey data from CSS2017, this article examines the impact of Internet use on environmental pollution perception. The study found that after controlling for a range of demographic, psychological and provincial-level objective variables, three dimensions of Internet use variables have different effects on environmental pollution perception: The respondents’ use vs. non-use of the Internet, information-oriented Internet use and commerce-oriented Internet use are significantly positively correlated with their perception of environmental pollution, while socially oriented Internet use, the belief that the Internet is more comprehensive than traditional media and the belief that the Internet can more truthfully reflect public opinion are significantly negatively correlated with their environmental pollution perception. The results of 2SLS and IV Probit estimation confirm that the Internet usage could effectively increase individuals’ perception of environmental pollution. Further analysis found that personal annual income plays a moderating role between use/non-use of the Internet and environmental pollution perception and between information-oriented Internet use and environmental pollution perception. The above research findings have important policy implications. Governments should strengthen environmental governance, use the platform of the Internet to strengthen government-public communication, and take into account demographic, psychological and regional objective factors when adopting environmental governance policies.
... First, the gender ratio of the sample data was unbalanced, with a higher proportion of female than male users (approximately: Study 1-men: women = 1:4; Study 2-men: women = 1:5). In fact, women are more likely to use social networking sites [75] and express opinions and emotions in online social platforms than males [76].Therefore, future studies could explore the MTT effect by gender. Second, as age is sensitive and private information for some people, some users' age information was not provided or randomly given (e.g., 120 years old). ...
Mental time travel (MTT) ability allows people to project themselves mentally into the past and future. It is associated with people’s mental representation of events and objects. Using text analysis methods, we explore the linguistic representation and emotional expression of people with various MTT abilities. In Study 1, we assessed the users’ MTT distances, text lengths, visual perspectives, priming effects of temporal words, and emotional valences by analyzing 2973 users’ microblog texts. From our statistical analysis findings, users with far MTT incorporated longer text length and more third-person pronouns in their microblogs and are more likely to relate the future and past with the present than people with near MTT. However, the study showed no significant difference in emotional valence between people with different MTT distances. In Study 2, we explored the relationship between emotional valence and MTT ability by analyzing the comments of 1112 users on “procrastination.” We found the users with far MTT more positive toward procrastination than those with near MTT. By analyzing users’ social media platform data, this study re-examined and verified previous findings indicating that users who mentally travel different temporal distances represent events and emotional expressions differently. This study serves as an important reference for MTT studies.
... The emergence of SNSs facilitated social interaction further by connecting millions of users of all ages and from every nook and corner of the world. Among these sites, Facebook is the most popular site around the globe (Kirschner & Karpinski 2010;Hargittai 2008;Haq & Chand 2012). It has been found that 97% of the internet users make use of SNSs with around 90% of them using Facebook (Smith & Rainie 2008;Australian Psychological Society 2010;Haq & Chand 2012). ...
different perspectives of freedom movement and Indian brutality or violence. Hamid and Haider reveal the pith of the speculation which expresses that Indian media and Government incorporate Subliminal messages which project a hidden boost and targeting freedom movement mean jihad is a call to slaughter, to torment, to rebuff which the Quran legitimize “Net- Gen,” “Generation I,” the “Digital Generation,” or the “Millennial”. Hence, the young people have easily adapted to and have more know-how of using digital media than their seniors with respect to age. This generation gap in terms of usability of internet is phrased as the “generational digital divide” or the “generational divide.
... et al.,2012), Internet of Things (IoT) (Barnaghi et al., 2012).,information about students is collected from an educational institution, data collected from social media networks (Hargittai, 2007),; the transaction log files from the Institution Library system which contains personalized patron information (Fig: 5). Thus, this data is gathered, processed and analyzed in the Big Data ecosystem which has been selected for the realization and visualization of the final personalized content and aware recommendations to the user based on his/her interests. ...
Recommender Systems (RSs) are information filtering system, which provides recommendations of information to the user according to their needs or query. As recommender systems are a very popular domain for researchers from Computer Science, Engineering,Data Science,and Information Science backgrounds. It is used extensively on various platforms like Youtube, Netflix, Amazon, E-commerce, Digital Entertainment, Social Networking Sites etc. for providing interactive information services and digital items. The integration of the Recommender system in digital libraries would improve the scenario of libraries in the present technology era. As it will improve to deliver relevant information services to its users based on suggestions and recommendations. RSs would tackle the problems of Information overload and help the academic community with efficient retrieval of information and digital items. The paper tries to present the general concept of the Recommender System and its different techniques of information filtering. Besides, an overview of the Global approaches to recommender systems integrating into the 180 digital library ecosystem. And a general overview of Positive attributes issues and challenges. 1. Introduction : The emergence of Information Communication Technology (ICT) plays a significant role in transforming a society into an information-based society. The use of ICT especially the internet and web have provided better ways to communicate and has led to easy access, use and production of information. With the development of the internet and exponential growth of the World Wide Web (www) which is a heterogeneous repository of information, there has been a rapid increase in the amount of information published, which is termed information overload. Due to this abundance of information availability an individual face many difficulties to navigate, procure and use reliable and authentic sources of information to satisfy conscious and unconscious need or to solve everyday problems. Moreover, the growth of diverse interdisciplinary areas of knowledge and the demands for information in various research fields increase the challenges for an individual or researcher to find information in various types of the online environment. The capacity of humans to discover information advances more slowly than the rate at which the latest information is made available (Cosley et.al 2003). Libraries since existence are a mere storehouse of knowledge, with time it transforms to serve the information needs of society. Traditional libraries play a passive role in providing information resources to their users. In the present digital age, traditional tools and practices of traditional libraries lack effective searching and procuring of information without wasting much time. The age of digital technology and the enormous development of the web results in the transition of traditional libraries to automated libraries equipped with proper digital library services. Digital libraries store, manage and disseminate electronic sources of information by providing active services to their users with anticipation, to satisfy the diverse needs of individual library patrons (Gao et al, 2005). Due to the information
... SNs provide an easy means of getting access to all this information, and that too by the candidates themselves. Apart from these, it should be noted that SNSs can allow demographic biases because of internet availability and literacy limitations (Hargittai, 2007). All these factors allow hiring managers to indulge in various ethical and professional violations when making hiring decisions based on the information available on SNSs (Darragh, 2012). ...
This study investigates the use of Social Networking Sites (SNSs) to screen candidates in the hiring process, highlighting factors that employers consider while selecting or rejecting candidates. These factors are usually visible on the candidate's SNS profile. A sample of 228 hiring professionals working in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) was used as a data set for the study. The results indicate that LinkedIn is a widely used SNS for screening candidates, and that hiring professionals consider professional qualifications, organizational fit and communication skills to be the major determinants of selection or rejection of candidates.
... Sosyal medya katılımı için daha yüksek faydalar algılayan yaşlı bireylerin bunu kullanma olasılığı daha fazladır (Braun, 2013) ve aile ile bağlantı kurma olasılığı daha yüksektir. Bununla birlikte, sosyal medyanın benimsenmesi, belirli bir platformu kullanan bir kişinin arkadaşlarından ve tanıdıklarından oluşan büyük bir kitleye bağlıdır (Hargittai, 2008), bu nedenle, eğer bireyin sosyal ağı belirli bir platformun kullanıcılarına yansıtılmıyorsa, bu platformun ve/veya ortamın alaka düzeyi önemli ölçüde azalır ve kullanılmamasına neden olabilir. Ayrıca platformların arayüzleri de yaşlı bireylerin kullanımı önünde engel oluşturabilmektedir. ...
Yaşam varolduğu andan bu yana, bitkisinden hayvanına kadar tümüyle
iletişim içinde olan mükemmel bir mekanizmayla donatılmış sistemlerle
sürmektedir. İnsan da, dünyaya getirildiği ilk andan, öldüğü ve toprağa geri
döndüğü son anına kadar fi ziki varlığını duyuları vasıtasıyla sürdürmektedir.
İnsanın duyuları onun dünya ile bağlantısını sağlayan temel iletişim
mekanizmasını oluşturmaktadır. İletişim süreci, tarihi ve teknolojik değişimler
neticesinde büyük dönüşümler yaşamıştır. Özellikle sanayi devrimi
ve sonrası için gerçekleşen teknolojik ilerlemeler bu değişimin ilk adımları
olmuştur. Sonrasında XXI. yüzyılla gelen büyük kırılma bilginin ve bilgiye
erişimin biçimini, amacını ve kullanım şeklini tümüyle farklılaştırmıştır.
İletişimde, insanın duyuları ile sağladığı fi ziki yapı büsbütün değişmiş, bununla
birlikte kolaylık ve hız adına faydacı bir yaklaşım esaslı teknolojik
ilerlemeler karşımıza çıkmıştır. İnsan, iletişim sürecine, aracı veya onu tamamen
devre dışı bırakacak bir ikame unsurlar ile sağlamaya başlayınca,
kontrolünün ve dünyaya bakışının da evrildiğini anlamaya başlamalıdır. Bu
yönüyle iletişim salt mesaj alıp vermeden öteye geçeli uzun yıllar olmuştur.
Artık, amlam, değer ve düşünce üreten mekanizmalara sahip bir algı dünyasında
simülasyon evreni içerisinde ikame bir kimlikle yaşayan bireyden
bahsetmemiz gerekmektedir. Bu noktada, medya internet ve yapay zeka
uygulamaları ve bu teknolojileri kulanan uygulamalar yeni medya olarak tanımlanmaktadır.
Yeni medyanın bireyle olan ilişki alanı en güçlü biçimde ve
sürekli biçimde enformasyonu sağladığı alan “sosyal medya” alanıdır. Vazgeçilmez
bir alışkanlık haline gelen sosyal medya, çoklu kullanıma elverişliliği,
sürekli güncellenebilmesi, sanal paylaşıma imkân tanıması noktalarıyla
bireye yönelik etkiliyici uygun bir ortam olarak, günümüzün dikkat çekiçi
mecralarının başında gelmektedir. Sosyal medya uygulamaları, bireylere çok
sayıda yeni ilgi çekici alan ve içerik sağlamaktadır.
... Sosyal medya katılımı için daha yüksek faydalar algılayan yaşlı bireylerin bunu kullanma olasılığı daha fazladır (Braun, 2013) ve aile ile bağlantı kurma olasılığı daha yüksektir. Bununla birlikte, sosyal medyanın benimsenmesi, belirli bir platformu kullanan bir kişinin arkadaşlarından ve tanıdıklarından oluşan büyük bir kitleye bağlıdır (Hargittai, 2008), bu nedenle, eğer bireyin sosyal ağı belirli bir platformun kullanıcılarına yansıtılmıyorsa, bu platformun ve/veya ortamın alaka düzeyi önemli ölçüde azalır ve kullanılmamasına neden olabilir. Ayrıca platformların arayüzleri de yaşlı bireylerin kullanımı önünde engel oluşturabilmektedir. ...
Kitap içeriği, yeni medya çalışmalarının tarihsel gelişim süreçleri kapsamında karşılaştırmalı örnekler üzerinden oluşturulmuştur. Kitap; “kimlik ve tüketim”, “iletişim teknolojileri ve örnek kavramlar”, “reklam ve kullanım pratikleri” olmak üzere üç ana başlık altında temellendirilmiştir. Buradaki akademik yaklaşım, eleştirel bakış açısıyla hazırlanmıştır. Türkiye’nin farklı üniversitelerinden, alanlarında uzman akademisyenlerin katılımlarıyla özellikle kimlik, reklam ve tüketim konularında iddiası olan ve alanında yeni önermelerde bulunan bu çalışmaların literatüre katkı sağlayacağı umut edilmektedir.
Dr. Murat Birol-Dr. Yasin Söğüt
... The study of Hargittai (2007) revealed that Facebook was the most popular online social network among students, with almost four in every five respondents using it. In a study carried out by students of Whittemore School of Business and Economics, University of New Hampshire, Martin (n.d.), reported that majority of the study respondents use Facebook (96%), YouTube (84%), Blogs (20%), Twitter (14%), MySpace (12%) and LinkedIn (10%). ...
This study investigated the effects of social networking sites as perceived by students of Federal College of Education, Okene. The study revealed that the frequent use of the social networking sites has no effect on the students' studies. The study also revealed that they mostly use these sites for keeping in touch. They do this by updating their status regularly, writing on friends' walls and uploading pictures. Some of these students also go online just to while away their time; these times would have been used for more important things in that they allocate more time for Social Networking Sites and less time for studying. Although this study revealed no effect in the students' use of Social Networking Sites on their studies, the researchers still see the need for creating a balance between the use of Social Network Sites and studies. Recommendations were made at the end of the research.
... This selection was made not only because of the overall number of users but for its implications in education. In the past many studies have shown the high participation of college students in the platform, usually around 90% are active members (Hargittai, 2008, Smith & Caruso, 2010; studies also identify the same frequency of daily use by this population (Christofides, Muise, & Desmarais, 2009;Pempek, Yermolayeva, & Calvert, 2009). In addition, there is an emerging theoretical development in identifying applications of Facebook in learning environments (Mazman & Usluel, 2010;Barczyk & Duncan, 2013) that generally reflects the receptivity of students of the use of this technology in the classroom. ...
Recent research has shown that educational games positively motivate learning. However, there is a little evidence that they can trigger learning to a large extent if the game-play is supported by additional activities. We aim to support educational games development with an Agent-Based Technology (ABT) by using intelligent pedagogical agents that can intervene to offer hints, assistance and suggestions when the learner is lacking knowledge, but does not intervene otherwise, so as not to interrupt game flow. In this paper we describe the possibilities of using pedagogical agents to infer learner’s motivation and emotional state as they allow communication and interaction in a digital learning environment. Our approach emphasizes on improving pedagogical agent interactivity: from pedagogical agent techniques to Tutor and Tutee Agents’ techniques to create a high social and collaborative Digital Educational Game (DEG) environment.
... They allow access to a large number of contacts and 287 diminish the costs and time spent on the mass distribution of information and organization of protest 288strategies. Social media also promote the creation of groups of people with similar interests(Hargittai, 2007) 289 and, at the same time, the interaction between people who do not know each other but have similar ideas. 290 ...
Chile and Colombia are two South American countries with political and economic similarities that, during 2019, faced strong social outbursts, which translated into massive street protests and the weakening of their governments. Using data collected in the period immediately prior to the start of this social unrest, this study seeks to establish the role played by strong-tied social media—which are generally homogeneous, formed by close people, and with a high potential for influencing their members—in three phenomena associated with political conflict: (a) perceived political polarization, (b) affective polarization, and (c) non-conventional political participation. To estimate this influence, information collected through surveys in Chile in 2017 and Colombia in 2018 was used within the framework of the Comparative National Elections project. In both countries, probabilistic samples were employed to do face-to-face interviews with samples of over 1,100 people. In both countries, the results show that the use of social media with strong ties, specifically WhatsApp, tends to be related to two of the studied phenomena: perceived political polarization and non-conventional participation. An interaction is also observed between WhatsApp use and political ideology that amplifies the degree of perceived political polarization, affective polarization, and participation in one or both of the countries studied. We conclude by arguing that this dual phenomenon of polarization and participation can be problematic for democracy, since polarized groups (or groups that have the perception that there is ideological polarization in the political elite) tend to consider the position of the rest of the citizens to be illegitimate, thus undermining collective problem-solving.
... These studies have shown differentiated inequalities along socio-economic lines, where young, male and educated users are particularly advantaged. Some secondlevel digital divide research has looked at online participation and social media, identifying the user characteristics of specific social media platforms or differentiating active content producers from passive consumers (Blank, 2013;Blank & Lutz, 2017;Brake, 2014;Correa, 2010;Hargittai, 2007Hargittai, , 2015Hargittai & Walejko, 2008;Hoffmann, Lutz, & Meckel, 2015;Schradie, 2011). The findings are mixed, not allowing for strong associations between socio-economic status and online participation or social media use. ...
Inequalities in social media have been investigated under the umbrella of a digital divide. Research has shown how inequalities based on social categories are perpetuated or even reinforced with digital technologies. Different levels of inequality have been differentiated, including the first-level, second-level, and third-level digital divide. When it comes to social media, all these divides have received attention, but they have not been systematically connected to digital methods research, which relies on trace data, often from social media. This chapter discusses inequalities in social media access, use, and outcomes and connects them to digital methods research from an ethical perspective. It looks at two key issues for data subjects when data about them is analysed through digital methods: representation and privacy. Both issues are tied to questions of power and inequalities that merit careful attention among social media researchers. Beyond unequal representation and privacy among data subjects, the chapter also discusses inequalities within the research community, as they pertain to unequal access to social media data, unequal opportunities for digital methods skills development, and unequal opportunities to leverage digital methods analyses for career development. Overall, the chapter argues for a stronger connection of digital inequalities and digital methods.
... Nevertheless, scientific understanding of everyday digital interaction has lagged behind its prevalence. Activity records contain data on the patterning of behavior on certain platforms [4][5][6][7]; surveys and interviews shed light on who uses them, how, and with whom [8][9][10][11]; and an enormous interdisciplinary literature considers how mediation impacts social exchange. Yet aside from public content, the substance of naturalistic digital interaction remains challenging to document: first, because findings from one platform may not generalize to others; second, because changing features and interfaces create constantly moving targets; and third, because examining private communications entails obvious practical and ethical concerns. ...
Although a tremendous amount of modern interaction is electronic, our understanding of everyday digital communications—including what they look like and how their properties vary by medium and relationship type—is still growing. In this paper, we examine digital exchange in two of its simplest forms: email and SMS. Specifically, our data consist of 2,004 messages provided by a diverse sample of college students, supplemented by in-depth interviews with their authors. These data were collected in 2010—a time when both mediums were widespread but devoid of most of their modern complexity. Based on these data, we make two contributions: First, we develop an empirically grounded typology of the basic properties of text-based digital communication; second, we document the distribution of these properties across five common relationship types. Respectively, these findings provide a starting point to understanding the substance of digital exchange in all its many forms and an empirical benchmark for comparison.
... As expected, we found a greater Facebook presence among youth compared to parents. Interestingly, however, although young adults are highly connected through social media and social networking sites are widely used among this demographic (Hargittai, 2008), the youth response achieved through social media platforms was only 16.58%, compared to 41.17% who reached through phone calls. This may be due to youth having less familiarity with and exposure to the project relative to their parents. ...
Aims:
Despite their advantages, longitudinal studies often face high rates of attrition. This study documents the extensive efforts associated with retaining a longitudinal cohort last contacted 10 years earlier.
Method:
We examine the processes and outcomes of attempts to reach 1736 individuals who have been part of a multiwave study about growing up in Ontario, Canada. Contact methods include email, phone, text, social media, postal mail, announcements in newspapers, subway stations, and music streaming services.
Results:
Challenges included a lack of consistent annual communication with participants, children moving out of the parental home, and changes in email addresses and phone numbers. The most effective contact method was phone; text messages and friend referrals were the least effective. Overall, 41.5% of the original sample was reached. Locating former research participants years later necessitated multiple and repeated contact attempts, and intensive human resources.
Conclusion:
Ten lessons for effective sample retention are discussed. In summary, reducing attrition depends on a comprehensive study design and an organized and flexible protocol that adapts to a study's ever-changing needs.
... com/company-info/)) публикация с (много) текст, дори без изображение е релевантна за аудиторията. Демографските характеристики на потребителите на тези мрежи, логично, също се различават, показват проведени изследвания до момента (Hargittai, 2007;Gilbert, Karahalios, Sandvig, 2008, pp. 1603-1612. ...
The increasing role of the Internet in all aspects of human life, digitalization, markets’ dynamics, and the pandemic started in 2020 are some of the main prerequisites playing the role of a driving power for change, development and application of new practices and approaches within companies. The pandemic context modified customers’ and business’ habits and their manifestation. The capabilities of companies and customers were tested simultaneously in the context of their level of adaptability. The necessity for retaining existing practices and relations was objective, but their format required an update. This update was made feasible by the Internet where those companies which managed to develop their online presence and identity became the ones whose digitalization processes and activities contributed to a sustainable competitive advantage. The article discusses the website as one the most important and contemporary communication tools for existing and potential customers. Specifics, definitions and types of websites are presented as part of the online presence and digitalization as a process. Websites are examined as an unalterable part of companies' digital marketing as a whole and as part of their channels – Pay Per Click Marketing, Social Media Marketing, Search Engine Optimization and Search Engine Marketing.
... According to Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, & Zickuhr (2010), the Facebook social networking site developed by Mark Zuckerberg (2004) is the most dominant social networking site. A study conducted by a number of researchers (Hargittai, 2007;Ellison, Steinf eld, C., & Lampe, 2007), for example, found that 94% of their students were Facebook users who spent an average of 10-30 minutes on the site and had 150--200 friends. Noyes (2015) also argues that Facebook is considered the most used social networking site among all because of its increasing active membership. ...
Today the world of social media has immersed in the world of education and influencing the world of the students’ activities. It is inevitable that students in many levels of education have been using social media in their life either as students or as interactants in the certain community. Therefore, it is interesting to see the existence of social media among the students. In this study, the researchers highlight the use of social media among the students in the university. This research applied a qualitative research design taking 60 students of English in the universities in Makassar. The data of this research were collected by employing a survey of Google Form and analyzed descriptively and qualitatively. The result of the research shows that the English students in the universities in Makassar gave their positive perceptions about the use of social media. The informants has been using social media in their daily life and also nowadays has applied the social media as a tool of learning English. Some advantages and strategies in using social media in learning English were displayed in this study. Findings from this study will become important input for students themselves in the university context and also as beneficial information among the university practitioners in order to make use the social media in the university not only as communication tool but also as learning and teaching tools.
... In the twentieth century new media have become an integral part of daily life for many individuals and youth nationally (Narasimhamurthy, 2014). The transformation is expecting the effects and sway of new media on these youth, and the youth are however depending on new media for fulfilling their specific needs (Hargittai, 2008). ...
For years traditional and digital media have played an essential role of disseminating news and information to keep their target audience always updated about what is happening nationally and internationally. News consumption has globally been experiencing enormous deviations due to advancements in technology. In this context, the study examined and analysed news consumption patterns among the youth through traditional and digital media. The study employed a sequential mixed research method. A self-administered questionnaire and semi-structured personal interview were used to collect data from youth aged between 18-34 years. A sample of 320 youth participated in the study, with 300 in quantitative and 20 in qualitative methods of research used to gather data for the study. Youth participants were randomly selected using convenience non-probability sampling. The data collected through a questionnaire were analysed using the Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, inferential and descriptive statistics, while qualitative data were thematically analysed and interpreted considering diverse themes, sub-themes and common statements.
The study results revealed that most youth highly preferred to access and consume news through online media more than television and newspapers because digital media are cheap, easily accessible and affordable. The findings further indicated that most youth highly preferred to consume news through television channels such as ETV because it is a credible and reliable source of news. It is highlighted in the results that most youth preferred to consume entertainment news more than business, political and sport news because they find the former interesting and relaxing. Also, most youth did prefer to discuss entertainment news with family members and friends and that there are positive relationships between media credibility and news consumption which tend to influence family and friends’ news discussions. In a nutshell, the findings of this study further suggest a philosophical change in news consumption patterns among South African youth and the operation of media industries. However, the study recommends that most media houses need to broadcast and publish business and political news that are more relevant, accurate and objective for most youth to consume proficiently.
The huge popularity of social network sites like Facebook gave rise to numerous studies exploring the prerequisites and consequences of FB use. This article does not deviate from this direction. It offers a theoretic attempt to analyze the reasons of attachment to FB but through another perspective: the disengagement phenomenon. The theoretical framework is based on the Attachment Theory and the Actor Network Theory. Assuming that FB allows the satisfaction of the innate attachment need and that there is a social and technical interaction between users and the FB structure, the present analysis investigates the relations between user attachment style and FB use and between FB user and the FB platform (hardware and software). The aim here is not to reject (or not) some formulated hypothesis, but to develop a theoretical frame from the existing theories. The argument is that human/human and human/non-human attachment could explain why users find it very difficult to disengage even though they are willing to do so and suffering from being invaded by FB.
Social media platforms (SMPs) have revolutionized social networks by facilitating connections and shaping the landscape of social interactions. The role of SMPs in contemporary civic participation, both online and offline, is undeniable. However, to understand the beliefs that drive young adults to use popular SMPs such as Facebook for civic engagement, fresh perspectives must be considered. This study extends the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) by conducting a questionnaire among 209 university students who actively use Facebook. Our results show that both expectancy and social influence gave a significant impact on students' intentions to use Facebook for civic engagement. We also identify Facebook mobilization efforts via smartphones as a strong predictor of both intention and use of Facebook for civic engagement. These findings indicate that Facebook is a valuable tool for young people to engage and participate in online social and political movements. While we acknowledge the limitations of this study, our analysis underscores the immense potential of SMPs as means for political participation.
Developments in information and communication technology along with distance education applications have changed the thinking of educators. Today, especially with the help of web technologies, very rich learning environments and materials are being created. In addition, the constantly growing and transforming structure of knowledge influences the learning mechanism of students and the role of teachers from top to bottom, pushing educational institutions and educational researches into new pursuits. In the most basic definition, MOOCs are online education platforms accessed for free by great masses. Online courses taught by elite academics in elite universities draw a lot of interest, and provide a complete distance learning environment through assignments, presentations, videos and other course materials. As one of the most interesting recent developments among distance education researchers, there is an undoubted expectation that MOOCs will revolutionize the operation of education in the future. This study defines MOOCs, interprets their emergence, interpretations are made regarding its role today and future tendencies, education and various recommendations are provided regarding future development.
With increasing internet penetration and the introduction of various social media platforms into everyday life, this study investigates internet use of students in built environment disciplines at the University of Lagos, Nigeria. A questionnaire Undergraduate Student Use Of Social Media: Case Study Of Built Environment Disciplines At The University Of Lagos, Nigeria 261 survey of 407 third year and final year undergraduate students in the department of Architecture, Building, Estate Management, Quantity Surveying and Urban and Regional Planning was carried out. The study profiled internet use among the students, and how social media affected life and learning outcomes. It was discovered that over 90% of students accessed the internet through mobile devices, while more than 80% of students across the disciplines relied on social media for peer interaction rather than academic activities. Dependence on social media had no significant relationship on academic performance. However, for many students in Urban Planning, Estate Management and Architecture, use of applications such as Google Earth and Easy Class had enhanced their learning experience, thus highlighting the potentials of social media for academic purposes. The paper concludes by suggesting strategies for increasing collaborative and interactive learning opportunities through the incorporation of social media applications in academic activities.
Social media, especially Facebook, have a pervasive influence in our lives, more so for
students of school and university. Given that smart phones have also touched every
aspect of our lives, the pervasiveness of Facebook and its use thus has implications for
all aspects of students’ lives, including social, academic, and familial. Thus, this study
sought to explore the influence of Facebook on the academic and social environments
of undergraduate students of selected universities in Peshawar. The study aimed at
finding undergraduates’ experiences and their perceptions about the use of Facebook influencing their academic and social environments. In addition, the study further intended to explore the awareness of students about Facebook addiction, risk factors, cyber bullying, and exposure to inappropriate content over Facebook. Incorporating ‘Uses and Gratification Theory’ as theoretical framework, the study
employed Qualitative-instrumental case study design for the research. Purposive
sampling technique was adopted for selecting undergraduate students from various
public and private universities of Peshawar. The participants of the study were students who had access to Internet and were using Facebook as subscribers. Instruments used for data collection included semi-structured and in-depth interviews. A pilot study was conducted with five participants, which helped in refining interview questions. Further, the sample consisted of 40 participants, which included male and female students. Data were gathered from the participants of the various departments of the selected universities and thematic data analysis approach was used for analyzing the data. Major findings of the study showed that undergraduate students joined and used
Facebook for various purposes. Most students used Facebook for entertainment or for
getting information about various areas of their interest. Many used it for sharing
religious, political posts and for sharing their own creative works. Some participants
used it for academic purposes. The research respondents identified a number of reasons
for joining Facebook that included peer pressure; their motivation and encouragement
persuaded them to join Facebook. Furthermore, most students started using Facebook
at early teenage period. A majority of the participants revealed that they were not
making good use of the Facebook. Their lack of expertise in sharing personal
information on Facebook led to various problems. For most respondents, privacy issues,
videos of violence and brutality were disturbing aspects and had adverse impact on
them. The data also revealed that a majority of the Facebook users spent their precious
time on it due to which their academic performance was perceived to be affected. The
findings showed that Facebook had a three-dimensional influence on students, namely,
social interaction between individual-to-individual, sharing of knowledge and group
interaction with community. These dimensions and their related aspects have been
explained in the thesis using the theoretical and conceptual frameworks. Keeping in
view the implications of research findings, it is recommended that parents should keep proper check on their children while using Facebook. Both parents and teachers are required to train and educate children to use Facebook for productive and effective academic purposes. Classroom discussion, peer support, and workshops can play an important role in sensitizing and educating students about the strengths and limitations of the social media.
Second screen use is becoming increasingly popular among young people. We have grounded on “Uses and Gratifications” approach. We have thoroughly investigated the questions of (a) which devices are used as second screens (b) with which TV programs they are used and (c) with what kind of motivations they are used by generation Z members who still watch TV. We have analysed the data obtained through questionnaries with college students via SPSS. Generation Z mainly uses smart phones as second screens. Music programs are the most watched type of thematic program together with second screen. The women use their second screens for watching series, shopping at the utmost while the men use them while watching sports programs. Generation Z prefers using “smart phone with computer” as the second screen much more. The motivation behind using “computer and smart phone” together must be probed in the following studies.
The purpose of this study is to explore the reasons why the current generation of college students join and use social networking sites (SNS). Two focus groups were conducted to propose a theoretical framework for SNS adoption. Findings suggest that individuals join SNS for a variety of reasons such as entertainment, need to belong, need for information, commercial exchanges and self-expression. In addition to these motives, several barriers to SNS adoption such as Internet expertise, interface and usability of SNS, privacy, and presence of sex offenders were identified in the analysis of focus group data. These findings extend uses and gratification framework to SNS. Both theoretical and managerial implications are drawn.
The use of media device, such as smartphone and tablet, is currently increasing, especially among the youngest because adolescents often feel the necessity to use a media device as a means to construct a social identity and express themselves. For some children, smartphone ownership starts even sooner as young as 7 yrs, according to internet safety experts. (Elena Bozzola et al., 2019) The unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic increased the risk of several other problems, one related to social media. For many people, social media has become a lifeline to the outside world, particularly as they seek ways to stay connected and entertained( Arushi Bidhuri, 2022).Especially Adolescents spend more and more time with their smartphones consulting social media, mainly Facebook, Instagram and Twitter(Elena Bozzola., et.al.,2019). Researchers discovered that, whether there is physical separation (social-distancing) due to COVID-19, adolescents use social media to connect and support one another. The majority of teens and tweens believe that social media improves social-emotional well-being by increasing congruence.
Social media has traditionally recognized as a medium of transferring information across populations and individual who is learning. Colleges have made use of social media to enhance their teaching and collective engagement. The incorporation of social media is emphasized in the research for collective learning e-learning process for higher education in the Emirates. Various aspects of improving collective learning in e-learning from the viewpoint of employing social media will be explored in this research. This research will include many participants (386). The data collected will be assessed employing structural equation modeling (SEM). The research provided a model for highlighting the effects of various elements based on analysis and structural model validities. The research will focus on the implicit and explicit influence of these variables on collective learning which is visible via the employment of social media, which may result in improved learner performance.
Many researchers have studied the preference and use of Social Media in Nigeria but this was most common among university students. Very few studies have attempted to do this among Polytechnic students. This study, therefore, examined the preference and usage of Social Media applications among Polytechnic students in Ogun State, Nigeria. A descriptive research design of the non-experimental type was adopted. A sample of three hundred (300) students was obtained using the multistage sampling method. 'Preference and Usage of Social Media Application Questionnaire', was the instrument of data collection. Analysis of data was done using Mean, S.D, and t-test. Findings showed that Polytechnic students' first choice Social Media applications are YouTube, Google+, Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Yahoo messenger, Snapchat and Twitter. The majority of them use the applications mainly for assignment purposes, aside from using them regularly for other academic purposes. Finally, finding showed that there exists significant difference in Social Media preference among Polytechnic students based on gender. The potential of Social Media for academic uses should be harnessed by Polytechnic students and their lecturers.
In the dissertation we investigated the use of mobile devices for reading e-materials (e-books, e-articles) for study purposes among students at the University of Ljubljana and the factors influencing the use and non-use. The research provided a deeper insight into the behavior of students at the University of Ljubljana in using mobile devices for study purposes, especially for reading e-materials (e-books, e-articles), which has not been explored before. Knowing how they search for information on mobile devices, their attitude towards using mobile devices for reading e-materials and the factors influencing their use / non-use can be a starting point for planning mobile services in university libraries. The survey on the use of mobile devices for reading e-materials was conducted among students from different faculties of the University of Ljubljana. Actual usage of some online services was analyzed using system logs for different time intervals. As the analysis of transaction logs showed that access from mobile devices to websites for study purposes is low, we used an online survey to investigate students' information behavior when using mobile devices for study purposes and to read e-materials. Through the survey, data were obtained on the characteristics, opinions, beliefs and attitudes of the students of the University of Ljubljana regarding the use of mobile devices for reading e-materials, as well as data on the current state of library services for mobile devices in UL libraries. Since we assumed that the attitude and purpose of using mobile devices for reading e-materials for students is also influenced by the perception of mobile devices, we also investigated this in the context of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Using TAM, we examined how these factors influence students' attitudes and intentions to use mobile devices to read e-materials.Through a qualitative study using the method of standardized interview and structured observation, we sought to explore the reasons behind students' actual information seeking behavior when using mobile devices. Due to the nature of qualitative research, it was conducted on a small sample of students from different faculties of the University of Ljubljana. The results showed that UL students already use mobile devices for study purposes, most often a smartphone. Most of them use it for communication and searching for information. In a qualitative study, UL students indicated that they use a PC for more challenging study tasks and use mobile devices for this purpose only when a PC is not available. A confounding factor for UL students when using mobile devices for study purposes, in addition to the small screen/keyboard and poorer page visibility, is the lack of ability to highlight text. In addition to technical problems, low information literacy in using electronic databases and low familiarity with library services offered for mobile devices (electronic databases) are barriers to reading e-texts for study. UL libraries mostly already have mobile services in place, but they are currently under-promoted. One of the ways to promote is through training, but the choice of the form of training requires attention, as conducting workshops, for example, requires that the librarians have both technological and technical knowledge. Providing services for mobile devices therefore requires professional training for librarians, which requires additional resources and staff readiness for additional activities in the library. This brings new challenges to UL libraries, as they will have to take into account that their users also read in electronic formats.
In this study, Alagappa University is used to analyze social media applications among many information technology students. One hundred sixty-three questionnaires were collected from computer science, computer application, library and information science, and computational logistics department students. ANOVA test, chi-square, and independent t-test were used to test hypotheses. ANOVA t-test analysis showed that the frequency of using social media relationship with the department at the rate of f= 5.192, statistical significant level P=0.002. This study reveals that students are using social media sites such as Whatsapp, YouTube, Facebook, Instagram, etc. Information technology students often use social media for their educational activities.
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