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A Taphrina on Potentilla erecta new in Slovakia
Abstract and Figures
A species of Taphrina was collected on Potentilla erecta in Slovakia for the first time. It causes yellowish thickening of stems and leaves. The fungus was identified as Taphrina tormentillae, that is quite common on Potentilla erecta in the north Europe.
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... In marijuana smokers, with and without HIV infection, four species were overrepresented as compared with individuals who had not smoked marijuana in the past year: L. rhytismatis, P. discreta, Phialocephala virens, and Taphrina tormentillae (see Figure E2B). The latter two species are known plant pathogens (32,33). ...
Rationale:
Microbiome studies typically focus on bacteria, but fungal species are common in many body sites and can have profound effects on the host. Wide gaps exist in the understanding of the fungal microbiome (mycobiome) and its relationship to lung disease.
Objectives:
To characterize the mycobiome at different respiratory tract levels in persons with and without HIV infection and in HIV-infected individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Methods:
Oral washes (OW), induced sputa (IS), and bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were collected from 56 participants. We performed 18S and internal transcribed spacer sequencing and used the neutral model to identify fungal species that are likely residents of the lung. We used ubiquity-ubiquity plots, random forest, logistic regression, and metastats to compare fungal communities by HIV status and presence of COPD.
Measurements and main results:
Mycobiomes of OW, IS, and BAL shared common organisms, but each also had distinct members. Candida was dominant in OW and IS, but BAL had 39 fungal species that were disproportionately more abundant than in the OW. Fungal communities in BAL differed significantly by HIV status and by COPD, with Pneumocystis jirovecii significantly overrepresented in both groups. Other fungal species were also identified as differing in HIV and COPD.
Conclusions:
This study systematically examined the respiratory tract mycobiome in a relatively large group. By identifying Pneumocystis and other fungal species as overrepresented in the lung in HIV and in COPD, it is the first to determine alterations in fungal communities associated with lung dysfunction and/or HIV, highlighting the clinical relevance of these findings. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00870857).
The book can be bought at the Editor's office (https://botany.pl/index.php/en/activities/publishing-house-activity/how-to-order). It costs 45 zloty (https://botany.pl/images/ibwyd/PDF/KatInt18-1.pdf)
A list of species and the distribution of the members of Protomycetaceae and Taphrinaceae (Taphrinales, Ascomycota) in the Tatra Mts are given. Noted in the area were 20 species of fungi parasitizing 33 species of plants, including 4 species of the genus Protomyces Unger on 16 host plants, 3 species of the genus Protomycopsis Magn. on 4 species of host plants, and 13 species of the genus Taphrina Fr. on 14 species of host plant.
A species of Taphrina was collected on Dryopteris carthusiana in Slovakia for the first time. It caused small yellow-brown, thickened, blister spots on living leaves. The fungus was identified as Taphrina vestergrenii that is quite common on Dryopteris filix-mas in the northern Europe.
This chapter studies the genus Taphrina. In the determination of the asexual reproduction it is seen that yeast states grow in culture. Budding cells are present, and budding is frequently unipolar or bipolar. Cells are globose, ovoid, ellipsoidal, or cylindrical. Giant cells with thickened cell walls may be present in old cultures. Pseudohyphae may be formed. Cell walls are two-layered. Budding has been considered either holoblastic or enteroblastic; percurrent or sympodial elongation may occur, giving rise to distinct protrusions reminiscent of those found commonly in basidiomycetous yeasts. Colonies are cream, yellowish, or pinkish-cream but may become more intensely pink, orange, or tan upon aging. In sexual reproduction it is found that the filamentous states only form on host plants and give rise to asci that are primarily clavate to cylindrical and occur in a subcuticular palisade layer or are formed as terminal cells of the septate intercellular or subcuticular dikaryotic hyphae. In some species asci arise from more or less thick-walled ascogenous cells. In those cases a septum may form across the basal portion of the developing ascogenous cell, giving rise to the so-called stalk cell at the base of the ascus. Eight spherical, ovoid, ellipsoidal, or fusiform ascospores are formed and often bud inside the ascus, which becomes filled with smaller blastospores. Rupturing of the unitunicate ascus wall at the apex forcibly ejects ascospores and the entire content of the ascus is discharged as a single projectile. The chapter also discusses physiology/biochemistry and phylogenetic placement of the genus. The type species taken is Taphrina populina.
Protomycetales si Taphrinales (Mycophyta) din rezervatia naturala de la Cheile Turzii
- M Bechet
Bechet M. 1973. Protomycetales si Taphrinales (Mycophyta) din
rezervatia naturala de la Cheile Turzii. Studia universitatis
Babes-Bolyai, Series Biologia 1: 21-26.
Taphrina Fries (1832), Chapter 73
- A Fonseca
Fonseca A. & Rodrigues M. 2011. Taphrina Fries (1832), Chapter 73, pp. 823–858.
A Preliminary Checklist of Micromycetes in Poland. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences Grzyby paso˙ zytnicze z rz˛ edu Taphrinales (Ascomycota) w Tatrach. Analiza wyst˛ epowania Tatrza´ Park Narodowy na tle in-nych górskich terenów chronionych
- W Mu
- T Majewski
- M Michalska
Mu lenko W., Majewski T. & Ruszkiewicz-Michalska, M. 2008. A Preliminary Checklist of Micromycetes in Poland. W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, 752 pp. Mu lenko W., Wo lcza´ A. & Bacigálová K., 2006. Grzyby paso˙ zytnicze z rz˛ edu Taphrinales (Ascomycota) w Tatrach. Analiza wyst˛ epowania Tatrza´ Park Narodowy na tle in-nych górskich terenów chronionych. Tom II: 17–21.