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Results of fourteen year’s old Norway spruce provenance test in Serbia
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... Modrzyński and Eriksson (2002) identify the variability of spruce in the Sudetenland and the Carpathian Mountains. In the territory of Serbia Isajev and Tucović (1992), Šijačić-Nikolić (1995), Šijačić-Nikolić et al. (2000) and Ivetić (2004), Ivetić et al. (2005) investigated the variability of morphometric parameters of Norway spruce in provenance tests in Serbia. The research conducted in progeny tests in spruce forests in Bosnia and Herzegovina during 2010, pointed to the considerable variability among the studied populations of in B&H (). ...
... Experiments in neighbouring countries have already produced the first results. In the territory of Serbia, based on the analysis of data collected for fourteen tests of Norway spruce in Ivanjica, some populations can be recommended as suitable or unsuitable for the transfer of reproductive material (Ivetić et al., 2005). The research conducted on four-year, five-year and six-year old seedlings in provenance tests around Ivanjica showed that there was significant variability of Norway spruce both from Serbia and Slovenia (Šijačić-Nikolić et al., 2000). ...
The paper presents the results of an analysis of morphometric characteristics
of Norway spruce seedlings in the progeny tests in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
localities: Drinić and Srebrenica. Progeny tests were established by using
seedlings originating from six natural populations from Bosnia and
Herzegovina. Seedling height, root collar and whorl distance from the ground,
which represents seedling heights in 2011, 2012 and 2013 were measured. The
results indicate statistically significant differences between the analyzed
characteristics of the observed population. Especially interesting are the
populations Potoci and Olovo, which showed the highest growth during the
observed period in both progeny tests. The impact of the drought in 2013 can
be seen in the progeny test in Srebrenica where height growth in 2013 was
lower by more than 50% in comparison to 2012. The impact of drought in the
progeny test in Drinić was not observed. The research provides the baseline
when selecting the starting population, where the rapid growth of seedlings
is set as the main goal.
... Forest tree species are highly heterozygous and contain a high portion of total genetic variation within populations (provenances), while the interpopulation component of variation rarely exceeds 5% (Leo-nardi & Menozzi 1995, Paule et al. 1995, Larsen 1996. However, differences between provenances can be detected in seed (Kuser & Ching 1981, Melzack & Watts 1982, Šijačić-Nikolić et al. 2007, Rawat & Bakshi 2011, Caliskan 2014, seedlings (Stihl & Persson 1991, Varelides et al. 2001, Ivetić et al. 2005, Loha et al. 2006, Ivetić & Škorić 2013, and patterns of spatial distribution can be observed as well (Ivetić et al. 2012). Variation between populations may be clinal or ecotypic and knowledge on pattern of variation is important in cases of FRM transfer. ...
... Provenance tests show that transferred populations often perform as well as the local provenances or better (Ivetić et al. 2005, Krakowski & Stoehr 2009). Provenances from warmer climate grow faster than the local populations, as long as they are not transferred to a much different climate (Schmidtling & Myszewski 2004). ...
Relation between genetic diversity and mass production of forest reproductive material is discussed in a holistic manner. In industrial forest plantations, narrow genetic diversity is desirable and reproductive material is produced at clone level. On the other hand, in conservation forestry a wide genetic diversity is imperative. Beside management goals, a desirable level of genetic diversity is related to rotation cycle and ontogeny of tree species. Risks of failure are lower in short rotations of fast growing species. In production of slow growing species, managed in long rotations, the reduction of genetic diversity increases the risk of failure due to causes unknown or unexpected at the time of planting. This risk is additionally increased in cases of seed transfer and in conditions of climate change. Every step in production of forest reproductive material, from collection to nursery production, has an effect on genetic diversity mainly by directional selection and should be considered. This review revealed no consistent decrease of genetic diversity during forest reproductive material production and planting.
... One of concerns related to planted forests is use of non-native tree species which can be invasive. The rationale of introduction of new genes (species and provenances) during establishment of planted forests lies in evidences of higher productivity of non-local provenances (Schmidtling and Myszewski 2003;Ivetić et al. 2005;Krakowski and Stoehr 2009) and non-native species (Heryati et al. 2011;Kawaletz et al. 2013;Guo and Ren 2014b;Kjaer et al. 2014;Ivetić 2017) compared to local (native) populations at a specific site. In addition, the non-native species can be used to fulfill some specific market demands. ...
... In the case of a productive goal, the new genes (species, provenances) can be introduced with the aim to exploit the focal site production capacity to the highest amount. Many examples show higher productivity of non-local provenances (Schmidtling and Myszewski 2003;Ivetić et al. 2005;Krakowski and Stoehr 2009) and non-native species (Heryati et al. 2011;Kawaletz et al. 2013;Guo and Ren 2014;Kjaer et al. 2014) compared to local populations at a specific site. Non-native species could play an important role in cases where they provide short-term benefits to ecosystem function and promote the potential for longer-term succession to native species, but this practice is controversial and debated vigorously (Thomas et al. 2014;Jacobs et al. 2015). ...
Projections of the regional climate model for Southeast Europe generally predict an increasing of temperature and a decrease in precipitation, with some local variations. Higher frequency of extreme weather events and increased flooding can also be expected. This climate change will, among other things, result in changes in habitats and species distribution, and a decrease in biodiversity. In most cases, forest ecosystems will be unable to adapt fast enough to keep pace with changes in climate. Extreme weather events and low precipitation during the growing season will cause high mortality of seedlings after planting. New forests will face the whole range of these changes because of the long lifetime of trees. Reforestation programs must take projections of climate change into consideration. In the long term, new guidelines for site-species matching, provenance selection, and genetic diversity need to be adopted. In the short term, site preparation, planting techniques, and post planting protection need to be improved. In addition, seedling quality (morphological, physiological, and genetic) and planting time need to be specific for each site. New site preparation, planting, and post-planting protection methods are useful tools for short term success measured in seedling survival and initial growth. Seedling quality is essential for short and long term success. Different strategies, such as assisted migration and increased genetic diversity of planting material, can provide better chances for long term success measured in growth, fitness, and capability to produce the next, better adapted generation.
... Seedlings from Vojmisliće may be considered the weakest, given the lowest mean values of D 1 , d 2 and Dm, and this provenance should be avoided for further seed production. The influence of the provenance on the morphological attributes of a seedling and juvenile tree plantations was previously studied (Ivetić, 2004;Ivetić et al., 2005;Mataruga et al., 2011). Given the economic importance of Hop Hornbeam in Serbia, there is no need to define the regions of the provenance. ...
Hop Hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia Scop.) seedlings from 45 half-sib lines,
from three provenances were analyzed. Intra-population variability between
half-sib lines was found for morphological attributes of two-year seedlings.
In this sense, maternal (seed) trees with the greatest potential for the
production of reproductive material may be selected. Interpopulation
variability between provenances was found for morphological and physiological
attributes, except for the height and dry mass of the two-year seedlings. The
influence of half-sib lines and provenances on the concentration of the
studied nutrients should be further examined in a larger number of samples.
Despite its large potential, Hop Hornbeam is not used for afforestation in
Serbia. In those terms, we should work to change attitudes in the selection
of the common types of reforestation species. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke
Republike Srbije, br. TP 31041: Establishment of Wood Plantations Intended
for Afforestation of Serbia]
