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Cow Urine Concentrate : A potent agent with Antimicrobial and Anthelmintic activity

Authors:
Prashith Kekuda T.R at S.R.N.M.N College of Applied Sciences, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
Prashith Kekuda T.R
  • S.R.N.M.N College of Applied Sciences, Shimoga, Karnataka, India
Nishanth B.C
Nishanth B.C
Nishanth B.C
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Praveen KUMAR S V at Visvesvaraya Technological University
Praveen KUMAR S V
Dunya Kamal at University of Sulaimani
Dunya Kamal
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Abstract and Figures

Cow, often called Kamadhenu, has been considered as a sacred animal in India. The present study was undertaken to determine antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activity of Cow urine concentrate (CUC) which is obtained by complete evaporation of cow urine. The antibacterial activity was tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by disc diffusion method. Antifungal activity was tested against species of Aspergillus by Agar well diffusion method. Anthelmintic activity was studied using adult Indian earthworm model. Marked inhibition of Gram positive bacteria was observed by the CUC. Inhibition of fungi was found to be dose dependent. Among fungi tested, A. niger was more affected than others. In anthelmintic assay, concentration dependent mortality of worms was observed and the effect by CUC was found to be more superior as compared to the standard drug Piperazine citrate. The antimicrobial and anthelmintic activity of CUC may be due to the presence of constituents present in it. The CUC could be used in the treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, opportunistic fungi and parasitic helminthes. Further studies on isolation of inhibitory components and in vivo experiments are to be carried out.
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... Kekuda et al. prepared cow urine concentrate from CU and suggested that cow urine concentrate at a dose of 5 mg, 5%, and 1-5% produced significant antibacterial, anti-fungal, and anthelmintic activity. This activity could be evidenced by active components within the CU [29]. Despite these encouraging benefits, the applications of CU and CUD as nanocarriers in designing a novel drug delivery system remain undiscovered. ...
... The CUD antioxidant mechanism increases the life span of the lymphocytes and offers immunostimulant potential. Earlier literature reported the bioenhancer effect of CUD for antibiotics and anticancer, where the CUD increases the bioavailability of rifampicin ~ 80-fold, ampicillin ~ 11.6-fold and improves the effectiveness of taxol against MCF-7 [29,81]. According to this, it may be assumed that CUD-based NG also bio-enhancing the permeation of EASE-based AgNPs by increasing their absorption across the epidermal skin layer and thus providing antipsoriatic activity. ...
Pongamia pinnata seed extract-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticle loaded nanogel for estimation of their antipsoriatic properties
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2024
  • BIOPROC BIOSYST ENG
This research describes the eco-friendly green synthesis of silver nanoparticles employing Pongamia pinnata seed extracts loaded with nanogel formulations (AgNPs CUD NG) to improve the retention, accumulation, and the penetration of AgNPs into the epidermal layer of psoriasis. AgNPs were synthesized using the Box–Behnken design. Optimized AgNPs and AgNPs CUD NG were physico-chemically evaluated using UV–vis spectroscopy, SEM, FT-IR, PXRD, viscosity, spreadability, and retention studies. It was also functionally assessed using an imiquimod-induced rat model. The entrapment efficiency of AgNPs revealed ~ 79.35%. Physico-chemical parameters announced the formation of AgNPs via surface plasmon resonance and interaction between O–H, C = O, and amide I carbonyl group of protein extract and AgNO3. Optimized AgNPs showed spherical NPs ~ 116 nm with better physical stability and suitability for transdermal applications. AgNPs CUD NG revealed non-Newtonian, higher spreadability, and better extrudability, indicating its suitability for a transdermal route. AgNPs CUD NG enhanced the retention of AgNPs on the psoriatic skin compared to normal skin. Optimized formulations exhibit no irritation by the end of 72 h, indicating formulation safety. AgNPs CUD NG at a dose of 1 FTU showed significant recovery from psoriasis with a PASI score of ~ 0.8 compared to NG base and marketed formulations. Results indicated that seed extract-assisted AgNPs in association with CUD-based NG formulations could be a promising nanocarrier for psoriasis and other skin disorders. Graphical Abstract
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... Cow urine properties such as volatile and non-volatile components which are urea, aurum hydroxide, phenols, carboxylic acid, creatinine, calcium, and manganese are well known for their ability as antimicrobial, antifungal, and germicidal [9]. Moreover, both biogenic volatile inorganic and organic compounds such as methanol, propanol, acetone, CO2, NH3, CH4, and some metabolic secondary nitrogenous products are formed during the distillation process of cow urine [10]. ...
... Previous research shows that cow urine can cause paralysis and death in worm's dependent on a dose which indirectly shows the anthelmintic activity of cow urine were affected by its concentration [10]. In this study, cow urine was marked anthelmintic by affecting the structure of the eggs within a period. ...
Investigation of Anthelmintic Property of Cow Urine Distillate on Ascaris and Trichuris eggs Isolated from Soil
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2024
Background: Helminth infection occurs due to contact with contaminated soils and poor hygiene practices. Even though there is immense progression in human medicine, infections that occur due to bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites persist as a crucial threat to public health. Over the years, many studies indicated cow urine has antimicrobial activity. Hence, this study looks into anthelminthic property of cow urine in Ascaris spp., and Trichuris spp., eggs. Methods: The soil sample was collected at the riverside, near the toilet area and at the pond area at an aborigine village in Malaysia. Next, floatation technique was used to isolate the helminth eggs and it was identified using a light microscope. The cow urine was prepared as raw cow urine (RCU), evaporated raw cow urine diluted with distilled water (ERCUD), evaporation raw cow urine diluted with saline (ERCUS) and evaporated filtered cow urine diluted with saline (EFCUS).Results: From the soil samples, mainly two types of helminths were found which were Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. Evaporated cow urine diluted with saline showed the most prominent result in the destruction of helminth eggs.Conclusion: Evaporated cow urine possesses biochemical agents that can be used in the future as anthelmintic agents whereby further studies can be made to explore more possibilities to use cow urine as a potential anthelmintic agent.Keywords: Cow urine; Helminth eggs; Anthelmintic
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... Levamisole enhanced growth in common carp larvae without having any negative effects on survival or development, claim KekudaPT (2010) 15 . ...
... Kekuda PT (2010) 15 investigated the use of immunostimulants in fish larval aquaculture. The usage of immunostimulants as dietary supplements, according to their claims, may strengthen an animal's natural defences and increase its resistance to diseases at times of high stress, such as during grading, reproduction, transfer, and vaccination. ...
Unraveling the Chemotherapeutic Potential of Cow Urine in Context of its Importance to Humanity
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2023
From ancient times, cow pee has been utilised to treat a variety of human illnesses. It is a crucial and integral component of Panchgavya Chikitsa. Ayurveda classics have emphasised its value and usage in treatments such decoction purgation and enema for the treatment of Kushtha ( vitiligo), Kandu ( eczema) Udarrog ( disorders of GI track), colic, abdominal tumours, cancer treatment, enlargement of the belly, and flatulence etc. Numerous studies have also been conducted that demonstrate the effectiveness of this substance in treating a variety of conditions, including those related to the skin, the stomach, the kidneys, the heart, the liver, stones, diabetes, athletes' foot, cysts, haemorrhoids, and the liver, as well as its immunostimulant, bioenhancer, anticonvulsant, anticancer, wound-healing, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It may be used in agriculture to make bio insecticides and vermin compost. The distillate of cow urine, which is a good bio enhancer, just received U.S. patent protection. To demonstrate its traits and advantages, further study is needed.
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... Studies reported that CUD inhibited the growth of both Gram-negative and Grampositive bacteria including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas spp., and Salmonella Typhi [5,17]. CUD has been reported to retard the growth of fungal pathogens including Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, Rhizopus spp., Candida ablicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata [18,19,20]. In addition, CUD has also been reported to act as a bio-enhancer for antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer components [18] and consequently granted a US patent for bioenhancing properties for antibiotics and anticancer agents [21]. ...
... CUD has been reported to retard the growth of fungal pathogens including Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, Rhizopus spp., Candida ablicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata [18,19,20]. In addition, CUD has also been reported to act as a bio-enhancer for antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer components [18] and consequently granted a US patent for bioenhancing properties for antibiotics and anticancer agents [21]. CUD from indigenous cows has been shown to induce a higher level of bio-enhancement and body immunity because of its 'Rasayanatatva' [22]. ...
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... "The use of cow urine is a cost effective and ecofriendly approach to control phytopathogenic fungi. The antifungal property of cow urine can be explained by the presence of non-volatile active constituents like phenolic acids which are found abundant in the chloroform fraction of cow urine when subjected to high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis, the antioxidant property and the ability to reduce germination of spores" [17,18,19]. "Cow urine can be incorporated to minimize fungal infections. ...
Article no.JABB.124475 Original Research Article Kumar and Zacharia
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2024
Among vegetables, brinjal or eggplant is an economically important vegetable crop and second major vegetable crop next to potato in India. This crop suffers from various diseases, among different fungal diseases of brinjal, Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata has currently become one of the most important diseases for all brinjal varieties. Loss due to the disease has been estimated up to 25-30 per cent. Therefore, present investigation was undertaken at Central Research Field of Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj during the Kharif of 2023-2024, for the management of leaf spot using botanicals, bio-agent, cow urine and a fungicide (treated check) for their efficacy in vivo against Alternaria leaf spot of brinjal incited by Alternaria alternata. Effects of different botanicals, bio-agent and cow urine were evaluated on different growth, disease management and yield parameters of brinjal crop under field condition by foliar spray of botanicals, 898 cow urine and a bio-agent, along with seedling treatment with Trichoderma viride at selected concentration. The effects of treatments on growth parameter were recorded i.e. maximum plant height at 30 DAT (22.78 cm), 60 DAT (37.16 cm), 90 DAT (53.87 cm) and maximum number of leaves at 30 DAT (10.83), 60 DAT (31.80), 90 DAT (47.33) and maximum number of branches at 30 DAT (4.23), 60 DAT (11.40), 90 DAT (13.83). Among the treatments, neem leaf extract + Trichoderma viride was recorded significantly reducing disease intensity at 45 DAT (10.32%), 60 DAT (16.11%), 75 DAT (27.93%) of brinjal followed by clove extract + Trichoderma viride and Trichoderma viride + T. viride as compared to mancozeb (treated check) and control. The maximum yield was found to be in neem leaf extract + Trichoderma viride i.e. (16.63 t/ha) followed by clove extract + Trichoderma viride, and Trichoderma viride + T. viride as compared to mancozeb (treated check) and control and the most economical treatment was Neem leaf extract + Trichoderma viride i.e. (1:2.62).
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... Cow urine distillate known as goumutra, has been found to contain a bioenhancer, for which US patents No. 6 896 907 and 6 410 059 were granted. Studies have revealed that Gomutra distillate enhances the bioavailability of antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer agents [107,108]. Additionally, some herbs used in prakshape contain phytochemicals that exhibit synergistic activity. Herbal synergy proves to be beneficial in amplifying the anti-oxidant, antibacterial, and anti-cancer effects of the herbs. ...
Prakshape condiment in Chavanprash: Harnessing Synergy of the Ages
Article
  • Nov 2023
Towards the conclusion of the tedious process of preparing chavanprash, a powdered herb combination known as prakshape is introduced. Many of these herbs have already been utilized in the initial stage of creating the decoction, which is the basis of chavanprash. The perplexing aspect is the necessity to incorporate the same herbs once more as prakshape during the final step, highlighting the intriguing nature of this addition and its associated benefits. The inclusion of prakshape proves to be ingenious for multiple reasons. Firstly, the incorporation of powdered herbs in prakshape ensures that the entire herb, along with all its phytochemical components, becomes part of the formulation. In contrast, the decoction process only extracts water-soluble components into the solution. This inclusion allows for a broader range of active compounds to be present in the final product. Secondly, the addition of prakshape serves to reintroduce volatile and heat-labile compounds that may have been lost during the extended heating process. Additionally, the inclusion of bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea) manna particles in prakshape contributes to an enhanced drug-delivery system. From a pharmacological standpoint, the incorporation of prakshape ingredients reinforces the therapeutic effects of the formulation and promotes synergy among the herbs. The principles underlying the use of prakshape can further be utilized for the development of new awaleha and ksheerpak formulations, potentially yielding more potent effects.
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Analysis of Antimicrobial and Antihistaminic Activity of Siddha Medicine Sarva Sangaara Uppu Parpam
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2024
Background: Respiratory disorders lead to mental stress and reduce the quality of life. Hence, there is a need to intervene with traditional healthcare systems. One such healthcare system being practised in the Southern Peninsula is Siddha. Siddhars used herbs, inorganic substances, and animal products to formulate a medicine for maintaining the balance of trihumors (Vali, Azhal and Aiyam). Sarva Sangaara Uppu Parpam is one of the formulations made using herbs indicated for respiratory disorders. Aim: The current study was carried out to analyse the antihistamine and antimicrobial of Siddha medicine Sarva Sangaara Uppu Parpam (SSUP). Methods: Antihistaminic activity was done by isolated chick ileum method and anti-microbial activity for respiratory pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined by disc diffusion method. Result: The results show a statistically significant difference in the response curve of histamine with mean and standard deviation values of 6.5 and 2.258 at p < 0.001. Thus, the drug was effective against pathogens such as K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa and fungal pathogen C. albicans with a maximum inhibitory zone of 12 mm. This medicine has antihistaminic and antimicrobial activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. The results of this study should have extended analysis through further preclinical analysis and clinical trials are necessary to establish the safety and efficacy of SSUP.
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COMPARATIVE IN-VITRO PERMEABILITY ASSESSMENT OF MANDURA BHASMA WITH GOMUTRA ARKA (COW'S URINE DISTILLATE) AND GOMUTRA (COW'S URINE) IN CACO-2 CELL LINES
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2024
Cow's urine, referred to as Gomutra in Ayurvedic literature, has a long history of therapeutic applications, particularly within the domain of Rasashastra (science of metals and minerals in Ayurveda). In Rasashastra, Gomutra is utilized in various pharmaceutical procedures, including Shodhana (purification) and Marana (incineration). It plays a significant role in the preparation of Mandura Kalpas (complex formulations containing Iron oxide). With the advent of modern times, Gomutra arka (Cow's urine distillate), has gained prominence as a substitute for Gomutra due to its improved taste, extended shelf life, and greater availability in urban areas. In this study, we explore the bioavailability of Mandura Bhasma in conjunction with both Gomutra and Gomutra arka. To gauge bioavailability, we employ Caco-2 cells, which originate from human colon epithelial cancer and provide a model for replicating drug absorption within the human intestinal tract. The assessment of drug permeability encompasses the utilization of the Caco-2 permeability
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COMPARATIVE IN-VITRO PERMEABILITY ASSESSMENT OF MANDURA BHASMA WITH GOMUTRA ARKA (COW'S URINE DISTILLATE) AND GOMUTRA (COW'S URINE) IN CACO-2 CELL LINESCOMPARATIVE IN-VITRO PERMEABILITY ASSESSMENT OF MANDURA BHASMA WITH GOMUTRA ARKA (COW'S URINE DISTILLATE) AND GOMUTRA (COW'S URINE) IN CACO-2 CELL LINES
Article
  • May 2024
Cow's urine, referred to as Gomutra in Ayurvedic literature, has a long history of therapeutic applications, particularly within the domain of Rasashastra (science of metals and minerals in Ayurveda). In Rasashastra, Gomutra is utilized in various pharmaceutical procedures, including Shodhana (purification) and Marana (incineration). It plays a significant role in the preparation of Mandura Kalpas (complex formulations containing Iron oxide). With the advent of modern times, Gomutra arka (Cow's urine distillate), has gained prominence as a substitute for Gomutra due to its improved taste, extended shelf life, and greater availability in urban areas. In this study, we explore the bioavailability of Mandura Bhasma in conjunction with both Gomutra and Gomutra arka. To gauge bioavailability, we employ Caco-2 cells, which originate from human colon epithelial cancer and provide a model for replicating drug absorption within the human intestinal tract. The assessment of drug permeability encompasses the utilization of the Caco-2 permeability
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Cow Urine as Emerging Biopesticides : A Mini-Review
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2024
In the current scenario, biopesticides are a topic of significant importance due to their potential to address human health and environmental issues. Loss in quality and quantity of crops due to pests is a major delinquent. To overcome this cause, farmers significantly relied on chemical pesticides, which unknowingly endured the loss of soil fertility, the presence of residue in food products and the development of resistance to pests. Consequently, the use of biopesticides was more welcomed compared to synthetic pesticides due to their substantial pest control ability and impressive versatility in controlling the development of resistance in the pests. Among the several biopesticides, botanical biopesticides demonstrate immense efficacy in controlling pests. A notable method to prepare botanical biopesticides is the combination of cow urine with medicinal plant leaf extract. This unique combination provides a better alternative to synthetic chemicals, which are expensive and cause toxic effects to the farmer, consumer, marketers, and environment. This review focuses on the various preparative methods of cow urine containing biopesticides and its potential to revolutionize agricultural pest control.
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FULL PAPER In vitro studies on antifungal activity of cow urine distillate against fungi causing opportunistic infections
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2008
Cow has been considered as a sacred animal in our country. Cow urine is placed in a unique position in Indian system of medicine. In the present investigation, Cow urine distillate obtained from local shops has been subjected to antifungal activity against three test fungi namely Aspergil-lus niger, Aspergillus oryzae and Mucor sp. which cause opportunistic mycotic infections. The antifungal activity was assessed using Poison food technique and Spore germination inhibitory activity. Considerable reduction in fungal growth, in terms of reduced colony diameter when compared to control, was observed in trials. Extent of sporulation was also reduced in plates poisoned with Cow urine distillate. The percentage of germination of spores and germ tube length was also reduced significantly. The activity of Cow urine distillate against test fungi was found to be concentration (dose) dependent i.e., higher activity was observed when concentration is increased. The results show that Cow urine distillate possesses active principles responsible for antifungal activity and the use of Cow urine distillate could confer protection against opportunistic mycotic infections. 
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Use of Cow urine and Cow urine distillate as Larvicidal agents-An Eco-friendly approach
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2009
Mosquitoes constitute a major public health menace, serves as a vector for transmitting diseases to humans. In the present study, the larvicidal effect of different concentrations of Cow urine (CU) and Cow urine distillate (CUD) were tested against Culex quinquefasciatus larvae up to three days. All the tested concentrations showed larval mortality. Larval mortality was 100% within 24 hours in case of 15% Cow urine and 10% and 15% of Cow urine distillate. In case of 5% CUD, complete larval mortality was observed in second day. About 95% of mortality was observed in case on 5% CU on 3 rd day. It was found that CUD is more effective in causing larval mortality than CU and the larvicidal activity was dose dependent. The larvicidal activity could be due to the active inhibitory principles present in CU and CUD. It is suggested that the CU and CUD possess larvicidal properties that could be developed and used as natural insecticides for mosquito control.
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Anticestodal Efficacy of Folklore Medicinal Plants of Naga Tribes in North-east India
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2005
The anticestodal efficacy of nine plants that are used in the indigenous system of medicine by Naga tribes in north-east India to cure intestinal-helminth parasitic infections was tested employing Raillietina echinobothrida, a tapeworm of poultry, as a model test parasite. The study revealed that the leaves of Psidium guajava, Houttuynia cordata and stalk of Lasia spinosa possess a profound anticestodal efficacy as evident by the mean mortality time of R. echinobothrida which ranged from 1 to 3.66 hrs, following exposure to 5 - 40 mg/ml concentration of these plant extracts. Moderate activity was recorded for the leaves of Clerodendrum colebrookianum, Lasia spinosa and Centella asiatica, while Curcuma longa, Cinnamomum cassia, Gynura angulosa, Lasia spinosa (stem) and Aloe vera revealed a negligible degree of anticestodal activity.
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Cow urine: A bioenhancer for antibiotics
Article
  • Jan 2006
Cow Urine (Gomutra) has therapeutic values mentioned in Ayurveda and its pharmaceutical composition containing antibiotic and cow urine distillate as a bioenhancer was granted a US patent. Observation concluded that cow urine and cow urine distillate increased the activity of antibiotics against tested bacterial pathogens. Cow urine distillate was more effective bioenhancer than cow urine in combination with antibiotics. The present investigation has direct implication in drastically reducing the dosage of antibiotics and drugs while increasing the efficiency of absorption of bioactive molecule, there by reducing the cost and toxicity of treatment.
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Short Communication- Control of Meloidogyne incognita (kofoid and white) chitwood (root-knot nematode) of Lycopersicon esculentus (tomato) using cowdung and urine
Article
  • Aug 2004
  • AFR J BIOTECHNOL
Screenhouse experiments were conducted to test the efficacy of cowdung and urine separately and in combination in the control of root-knot nematode of tomato. Equal quantities of cowdung, urine and their mixture were separately made up to one litre with autoclaved soil. Two weeks old seedlings of tomato raised in autoclaved soil were transplanted into soil manure mixture and inoculated with 1,000 second stage larvae of Meloidogyne incognita race I. Treatments were completely randomized and effects assessed based on plant height, dry weight, extent of galling and the nematode multiplication factor. Results obtained showed that cowdung, urine, and their mixture produced significantly higher result than the untreated control. Similarly, the mixture of urine and cowdung, produced significantly higher results than the separate treatments.
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Inhibitory Effect of Different Plant Extracts, Cow Dung and Cow Urine on Conidial Germination of Bipolaris sorokiniana
Article
  • Nov 2007
  • J Bio Sci
Inhibition of conidial germination of Bipolaris sorokiniana was tested using eight ethanolic plant extracts, ten aqueous plant extracts in combination with cow dung and five aqueous plant extracts in combination with cow urine. Hundred percent of conidial germination was inhibited with the application of ethanolic extracts of Adhatoda vasica (leaf) and Zingiber officinale (rhizome) at 2.5% concentration. After the treatment with Vinca rosea, Piper betle and Azadirachta indica extracts in combination with cow dung suspension showed 100% inhibition of conidial germination; where the lowest was noted in case of Rauwolfea serpentina (30%) extract at same concentration. At 2.5% concentration of Calotropis procera extracts in combination with cow urine, 91% inhibition of conidial germination was observed. In most cases, Ocimum sanctum extract exhibited less inhibitory effect against B. sorokiniana. Key words: Bipolaris sorokiniana, Leaf blight, Plant extracts, Triticum aestivum, Cow dung, Cow urine. J. bio-sci. 14: 87-92, 2006
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Inhibition of Aspergillus niger DMF 0801 by Monoacylglycerols Prepared from Coconut Oil
Article
  • Jan 2002
ŘIHÁKOVÁ Z., FILIP V., PLOCKOVÁ M., ŠMIDRKAL J., ČERVENKOVÁ R. (2002): Inhibition of Aspergillus niger DMF 0801 by monoacylglycerols prepared from coconut oil. Czech J. Food Sci., 20: 48-52. The objectives of the present study were to test the antifungal properties (inhibition of radial growth, inhibition of the moul d spore germination) of lauroylglycerol and mixtures of monoacylglycerols synthesised from coconut oil (MIX-I and MIX-II) against Aspergillus niger DMF 0801. The content of monoacylglycerols in lauroylglycerol, MIX-I and MIX-II was 99.9% (w/w), 97.7% (w/w) and 75,1% (w/w), respectively. The content of 1-lauroylglycerol in MIX-I and MIX-II was calculated from the content of lauric acid and content of monoacylglycerols. The inhibition of the radial growth of Aspergillus niger DMF 0801 by lauroylglycerol was stronger than that caused by MIX-I and MIX-II. The inhibition effect of spore germination caused by lauroylglycerol and MIX-I was nearly the same. The inhibition of spore germination increased with increasing content of monoacylglycerol and also with increasing 1-lauroylglycerol content in monoacylglycerols. The level of spore germination inhibition was related to the purity of tested substances. The results of this study indicate that monoacylglycerols made from coconut oil have antifungal activity.
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