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Anthelmintic Activity of Leaves of Mimosa Pudica

Authors:
Manish Kondawar at Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy
Manish Kondawar
. Bengude R.D.
. Bengude R.D.
. Bengude R.D.
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Mithun Gopikishan Maniyar at SVERI'S College of Pharmacy, Pandharpur
Mithun Gopikishan Maniyar
  • SVERI'S College of Pharmacy, Pandharpur
Sandeep Patil at Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy
Sandeep Patil
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Abstract

Helminthes parasite infections are global problems with serious social and economic repercussion in third world countries. The disease affects the health status of large fraction of the human population as well as animals. The Mimosa pudica is commonly known as SHY PLANT. The all parts of plant being used from the period of Sushruta as acrid, analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial. immunomodulatory effect and in wide verity disease.The present study was undertaken to evaluate anthelmintic activity of different extracts of seeds of Mimosa pudica belonging to family mimosaceae. The different successive extracts namely petroleum ether, ethanol and water using Pheretima posthuma as a test worm to the different concentrations (100, 200, 500mg/kg) were tested for bioassay which involved determination of paralysis and time of death of the worms. Albendazole was included as standard reference and normal saline as control. The result of present study indicated that the crude alcoholic extract and aqueous extracts significantly demonstrated paralysis and also caused death of worms in dose dependent manner as compared to standard reference albendazole. While pet. ether extracts shows weak anthelmintic effect compared to standard, ethanol and aqueous extracts. Further studies are in process to isolate the active principles responsible for the activity.
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International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2249-6807
120 Full Text Available On www.ijipls.com
International Journal of Institutional Pharmacy and Life Sciences 2(1): January-February 2012
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Research Article……!!!
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ved: 03-01-2012; Accepted: 12-01-2012
ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF LEAVES OF MIMOSA PUDICA
R. D. Bendgude*1, M. G. Maniyar1, M. S. Kondawar 2, S. B. Patil2, R. V. Hirave3
1. SVERI’S College of Pharmacy, Pandharpur, Maharashtra– 413 304, India.
2. Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli, Maharashtra– 416 416, India.
3. Sahyadri College of Pharmacy Methawade, Sangola, Maharashtra-413307, India.
Keywords:
Mimosa pudica,
Anthelmintic activity,
Phertima posthuma,
Albendazole
For Correspondence:
R. D. Bendgude
SVERI’S College of
Pharmacy, Pandharpur,
Maharashtra– 413 304,
India
E-mail:
ravibendagude@rediffmail.com
ABSTRACT
Helminthes parasite infections are global problems with serious
social and economic repercussion in third world countries. The
disease affects the health status of large fraction of the human
population as well as animals. The Mimosa pudica is commonly
known as SHY PLANT. The all parts of plant being used from the
period of Sushruta as acrid, analgesic, antipyretic, antimicrobial.
immunomodulatory effect and in wide verity disease.The present
study was undertaken to evaluate anthelmintic activity of different
extracts of seeds of Mimosa pudica belonging to family
mimosaceae. The different successive extracts namely petroleum
ether, ethanol and water using Pheretima posthuma as a test worm
to the different concentrations (100, 200, 500mg/kg) were tested
for bioassay which involved determination of paralysis and time of
death of the worms. Albendazole was included as standard
reference and normal saline as control. The result of present study
indicated that the crude alcoholic extract and aqueous extracts
significantly demonstrated paralysis and also caused death of
worms in dose dependent manner as compared to standard
reference albendazole. While pet. ether extracts shows weak
anthelmintic effect compared to standard, ethanol and aqueous
extracts. Further studies are in process to isolate the active
principles responsible for the activity.
Pharmaceutical
Sciences
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2249-6807
121 Full Text Available On www.ijipls.com
INTRODUCTION
Helminth infection is among the most common infections in man; in developing countries
they pose a large threat to public. The continuous and long term reliance on a small range
of compound led to the development of drug resistance in many helminthic strains1. In
addition, after treatment with albendazole or mebendazole, several side effects such as
gastrointestinal symptom.These drugs have also to be used with caution in hepatitis
patients and in children below 2 years of age.2Mimosa pudica Linn known as sensitive
plant in English and lajvanthi or chuimui in local Hindi language. The plant is distributed
throughout in India in moist locality. A diffuse prickly under shrub, 45 - 90 cm in height.
Leaves bipinnately compound, pinnate 2-4, digitately arranged with 10 -20 pairs of
leaflets, rachis clothed with ascending bristles. Flowers pink, in globose heads, peduncles
prickly, usually in auxiliary pairs all along the branches. Fruits bristly pods, flat, straw
coloured, consisting of 3-5 one – seeded segments. The roots and leaves are commonly
used in treatment. The roots are bitter, astringent, acrid, cooling vulnerary, alexipharmic,
resolvent, diuretic, antispasmodic, emetic, constipating, and febrifuge.3Mimosa pudica
suggest various therapeutic use of plant reported such as urolithiasis3,ovulation4,
vibriocidal5, antidepressant 6, estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities7, anti implantation
and antiestrogenic activity8, effects on oestrous cycle and ovulation9, hyperglycemic10,
anticonvulsant activity11, hyaluronidase and protease activities12.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant material
The plant was collected from near Solapur district, Maharashtra in month of August and
authenticated by approved botanist. After authentication, fresh leaves material was
collected, cleaned & shade dried.
Extract preparation13
The leaves were pulverized by mechanical grinder & passed through a 20 – mesh sieve.
The powdered leaves (500 gm) were extracted successively with petroleum ether and
ethanol extract by using a soxhlet apparatus and water extracted by a cold maceration.
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2249-6807
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The extracts were filtered through a cotton plug, followed by whatman filter paper
(no.1).The extracts were evaporated under reduced pressure using a rotovac evaporator at
a low temperature at 40oC-50oC until all the solvent had been removed to gave extract
sample then weight of each residue was recorded.
Worm Collection
Indian earthworm’s Pheretima posthuma14 were used to study anthelmintic activity. The
earthworms were collected from the moist soil from near region of Pandharpur, Solapur
and washed with water. Indian earthworm Pherethia posthuma in 3-5 cm in length and
0.1-2 cm in width were used due to its anatomical and physiological resemblance with
the intestinal roundworm parasite of human beings.
ASSAY
The anthelmintic activity of Mimosa pudica leaves studied on adult Indian earthworm
Pherethia posthuma in 3-5 cm in length and 0.1-2 cm in width were used due to its
anatomical and physiological resemblance with the intestinal roundworm parasite of
human beings. The anthelmintic assay was carried out as per the method of Nargud with
minor modification. 100 mg/ml, 200 mg/ml and 500 mg/ml dilutions of petroleum ether
extract, ethanol extract and aqueous extract were prepared. Normal saline served as
control. All dilutions of test, standard, and control were placed in each of the petridishes.
Six earthworm of nearly equal size were placed in each of the petridishes at room
temperature All the earthworms were washed into normal saline solution. Observations
were made for time taken to paralyze (paralysis was said to occur earthworms didn’t
revive in normal saline) and death (death was conducted when earthworms lost their
motility and followed by their body colors fading away). All the results were expressed
as a mean ±SEM of six earthworms in each group.
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2249-6807
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RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
Table 1: Anthelmintic Activity of Different Extracts of Mimosa pudica
Sr.No Test Substances mg/ml
Concentration
Time taken
for
paralysis(min)
±SEM
Time taken for
death(min)
±SEM
1. Control (Normal
saline)
- - -
2. Albendazole(Standard) 100 4.6 ±0.50 11.0 ±0.37
200 3.2±0.37 7.0±0.37
500 2.0±0.31 6.0±0.37
3. Petroleum ether extract 100 14.8 ±0.37* 32.0±0.37*
200 10.2±0.37* 12. 0±0.70*
500 6.8±0.37* 15.00±0.37*
4. Ethanol extract 100 8.2±0.37* 17.04 ±0.24*
200 5.6±0.37* 10.00 ±0.37*
500 2.8±0.37* 7.00±0.37*
5 Aqueous extract 100 12.0±0.70* 25.00 ±0.37*
200 8.8±0.58* 19.00±0.37*
500 7.4±0.24* 14.00±0.44*
*P<0.05 when compared to standard. Values are expressed as mean±SEM
The results of anthelmintic activity are shown in table no.01. In the present study it was
observed that all the extracts have shown positive response to certain degree of
anthelmintic activity. Whereas ethanol extract of plant shown significant activity as
compared to standard.
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN): 2249-6807
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CONCLUSION
On the basis of present results and available reports, Mimosa Pudica as a powerful
anthelmintic has been confirmed and ethanolic extract displayed profound anthelmintic
activity in study. The drug can be further exposed for the isolation and characterizations
of the active constituents responsible for anthelmintic activity.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Authors are thankful Prof. Dr. B. P. Ronge Secretary, SVERI’S College of Pharmacy
Pandharpur for providing facilities to carrying out this research.
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norvegicus. J. of Ecotoxicology 2000; 10(1): 25-29.
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cycle and ovulation in cycling female albino rat Rattus norvegicus. Phyto. Research
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Fitoterapia 2002; 73(4): 351-352.
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activity of Mimosa pudica decoction. Fitoterapia, 2004; 75(3-4): 309-14.
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Hyaluronidase and protease activities from Indian snake venoms: neutralization by
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Prakashan, Pune.
14. Manoj A., Urmila A., Bhagyashri W., Meenakshi V., Akshaya W., Anthelmintic
activity of Ficus benghalensis, Int. J Green Pharmacy, 2008 2(3):170-172).
... All parts of the MPL plant contain phytochemicals which have medicinal value. The benefits of phytochemicals in MPL have been investigated by various authors (Bendgude et al., 2012;Cheng et al., 2007;Saraswat and Pokharkar, 2012;Sowmya and Ananthi, 2011;Tanaka and Takeshi, 2004). Saraswat and Pokharkar (2012) extracted the phytochemicals from MPL leaves using methanol as the solvent, and the extract was found to be an antidiabetic agent. ...
... Saraswat and Pokharkar (2012) extracted the phytochemicals from MPL leaves using methanol as the solvent, and the extract was found to be an antidiabetic agent. Extracts of MPL leaf extract also have anthelmintic (Bendgude et al., 2012) and anti-inflammatory properties (Cheng et al., 2007). The aqueous extract of this plant (using decoction method) has an anti-nociceptive benefit (Tanaka and Takeshi, 2004), and the root extract contains high levels of antioxidants (Sowmya and Ananthi, 2011). ...
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The extraction of phytochemicals from Mimosa pudica Linn (MPL) using supercritical CO2(SC-CO2) has been studied, and the results are presented in this article. The significant variables affecting this extraction were investigated by design of experiment analysis. The effect of temperature and pressure on phytochemical yields was explored by measuring the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total alkaloid compound (TAC). The maximum yield of TPC, TFC, and TAC extracted from MPL was 74.83 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)=g dry MPL, 30.93 mg quercetin equivalent=g dry MPL, and 14.23 mg hyoscyamine (HE)=g dry MPL, respectively. The work of Chrastil was used to correlate the experimental data. It was found that temperature and pressure greatly affected the yield of phytochemicals, whereas the effect of extraction time on the extraction yield diminished after 2 h. Qualitative analysis of the phytochemicals extracted from MPL was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The SC-CO2 extraction was more selective than Soxhlet extraction based on the HPLC spectra.
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... It is a Shrubby plant, the compounds on the leaves are sensitive on touching [13] . Many helminths undertaken extensive mitigations through body tissues, which both damages tissues directly and initiate hyper-sensitivity reaction which may causes cancer [14]. By using sensitivity of Mimosa pudica, we may be used to control the sensitivity of helminths. ...
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... The result of the present study indicated that the crude alcoholic extract and aqueous extracts significantly demonstrated paralysis and also caused the death of the worms in a dose-dependent manner as compared to standard reference albendazole. While petroleum ether extracts shown weak anthelmintic effect compared to standard, ethanol, and aqueous extracts [21] . ...
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Article
  • Jan 2008
The World Health Organization estimates that a staggering two billion people harbor parasitic worm infections. Parasitic worms also infect livestock and crops, affecting food production with a resultant economic impact. Despite this prevalence of parasitic infections, the research on anthelmintic drug is poor. As per WHO, only few drugs are frequently used in the treatment of helminthes in human beings. Anthelmintics from the natural sources may play a key role in the treatment of these parasite infections. In view of this, an attempt has been made to study the anthelmintic activity of roots of Ficus benghalensis . In this study, methanolic, aqueous, chloroform, petroleum ether extracts were used and studied for paralysis and death of earthworm. All the extracts were found not only to paralyze (Vermifuge) but also to kill the earthworms (Vermicidal). The aqueous and methanolic extract was found to be more effective to execute the earthworm.
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In vitro screening for anthelmintic and antitumour activity of ethnomedicinal plants from Thailand
Article
  • Jul 2009
This study screened for anthelmintic and/or antitumour bioactive compounds from Thai indigenous plants and evaluated effectiveness against three different worm species and two cancer cell lines. Methylene chloride and methanol extracts of 32 plant species were screened for in vitro anthelmintic activity against three species of worms, the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the digeneans Paramphistomum epiclitum and Schistosoma mansoni (cercariae). Cytotoxicity of the extracts was evaluated against two cancer cell lines: human amelanotic melanoma (C32) and human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) by the SRB assay. Anthelmintic and anticancer activities were evaluated by the inhibiting concentration at 50% death (IC(50)) and the selectivity index (SI) relative to human fibroblasts. None of the extracts were active against Paramphistomum epiclitum. Plumbagin, a pure compound from Plumbago indica, had the strongest activity against Caenorhabditis elegans. The methylene chloride extract of Piper chaba fruits had the strongest activity against schistosome cercariae. Strong cytotoxicity was shown by the methylene chloride extract of Michelia champaca bark and the methanol extract of Curcuma longa rhizome against C32 and HeLa, respectively. These extracts had higher SI (>100) than positive controls in relation to either the worms or the cell lines. The methanol extract of Bouea burmanica had a slightly lower activity towards C32 cells than did Michelia champaca but had a much higher SI (>27,000). The plant species screened in this research was recorded by several indigenous medicinal practitioners as antiparasitic, anticancer and/or related activities to the human major organ system.
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Vibriocidal activities of some local herbs
Article
  • Jul 1995
  • J Diarrhoeal Dis Res
Four of the seven tested medicinal plants exhibited antimicrobial activity against Vibrio cholerae. These 7 plants are: Ficus capensis, Mitragyna stipulosa, Entada africana, Piliostigma reticulatum, Terminalia avicennoides, Mimosa pudica, and Lannea acida. Of them Terminalia avicennoides showed higher antimocrobial activity than others. Potentials of these herbs in the control of cholera need to be determined.
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Effect of Mimosa pudica root powder on oestrous cycle and ovulation in cycling female albino rat, Rattus norvegicus
Article
  • Mar 2002
Mimosa pudica root powder (150 mg/kg body weight) when administered intragastrically, altered the oestrous cycle pattern in female Rattus norvegicus. Nucleated and cornified cells were absent in all rats. The smear was characterized by leucocytes only, as in dioestrus, which persisted for 2 weeks. There was a significant reduction in the number of normal ova in rats treated with the root powder compared with the control rats, and a significant increase in the number of degenerated ova. Copyright
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Mimosa pudica may possess antidepressant actions in the rat
Article
  • Dec 1999
  • PHYTOMEDICINE
In Mexico, aqueous extracts from dried leaves of Mimosa puolica are employed to alleviate depression. In this study, the behavioral actions of aqueous extracts of M. pudica at various concentrations were tested. Rats having received saline (0.9%; 0.30 ml; I.P.), clomipramine, desipramine or several dosages of aqueous extracts from M. pudica (ml = 2.0 mg/kg; m2 = 4.0 mg/kg; m3 = 6.0 mg/kg; m4 = 8.0 mg/kg) during a 30-day period were submitted to the forced swimming test and to the test for differential reinforcement of low rates of response at 72 sec (DRL-72s). Any possible anxiolytic action resulting from several doses (ml = 2.0 mg/kg; m2 = 4.0 mg/kg; m3 = 6.0 mg/kg; m4 = 8.0 mg/kg) of extracts of M. pudica were compared with those caused by diazepam (1.3 mg/kg, I.P.) in the elevated plus-maze test. Results showed that clomipramine (1.25 mg/kg, I.P.), desipramine (2.14 mg/kg, I.P.) and M. pudica (6.0 mg/kg and 8.0 mg/kg, I.P.) reduced immobility in the forced swimming test and increased the rate of reinforcers received in the DRL-72s test; these data suggest that M. pudica produces antidepressant effects in the rat. Diazepam increased the open-arms exploration time in the elevated plus-maze test, but M. pudica did not show any comparable action at any tested dose. M. pudica therefore produced an antide-pressant-like profile similar to two tricyclic antidepressants.
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Hyperglycemic effect of leaves of Mimosa pudica Linn
Article
  • Aug 2002
  • FITOTERAPIA
Ethanolic extract of Mimosa pudica leaves given by oral route to mice at a dose of 250 mg/kg showed a significant hyperglycemic effect.
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Hyaluronidase and protease activities from Indian snake venoms: Neutralization by Mimosa pudica root extract
Article
  • Jul 2004
  • FITOTERAPIA
The aqueous root extract of Mimosa pudica dose dependently inhibited the hyaluronidase and protease activities of Indian snakes (Naja naja, Vipera russelii and Echis carinatus) venom.
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Anticonvulsant activity of Mimosa pudica decoction
Article
  • Jul 2004
  • FITOTERAPIA
The decoction of Mimosa pudica leaves given intraperitoneally at dose of 1000-4000 mg/kg protected mice against pentylentetrazol and strychnine-induced seizures. M. pudica had no effect against picrotoxin-induced seizures It also antagonized N-methyl-D-aspartate- induced turning behavior. These properties could explain its use in African traditional medicine.
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